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Original Article
The risk of insomnia by work schedule instability in Korean firefighters
Saebomi Jeong, Jeonghun Kim, Sung-Soo Oh, Hee-Tae Kang, Yeon-Soon Ahn, Kyoung Sook Jeong
Ann Occup Environ Med 2024;36:e24.   Published online September 10, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2024.36.e24
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Background
Firefighters are exposed to shift work, as well as unpredictable emergency calls and traumatic events, which can lead to sleep problems. This study aimed to investigate the risk of insomnia by work schedule instability in Korean firefighters.
Methods
This study used the Insomnia Severity Index to assess the insomnia in firefighters. The work schedule stability was classified with the frequency of the substitute work and the timing of notification for work schedule changes. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the adjusted odds ratio of insomnia by work schedule stability with covariates including sex, age, education, smoking, alcohol, caffeine intake, shift type, job, and underlying conditions.
Results
Of the 8,587 individuals, 751 (8.75%) had moderate to severe insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index ≥ 15). The prevalence of insomnia was statistically significantly higher as the frequency of substitute work increased: <1 time per month (6.8%), 1–2 times (9.5%), 3–5 times (13.4%), and more than 5 times (15.7%) (p < 0.001). Additionally, the prevalence of insomnia was statistically significantly higher when the timing of the schedule change notification was urgent or irregular: no change or several weeks before (5.4%), several days before (7.9%), one day before or on the day (11.2%), irregularly notification (11.6%) (p < 0.001). In comparison to the group with good frequency of the substitute work/good timing of schedule change notification group, the adjusted odds ratios of insomnia were 1.480 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.237–1.771) for Good/Bad group, 1.862 (95% CI: 1.340–2.588) for Bad/Good group, and 1.885 (95% CI: 1.366–2.602) for Bad/Bad group.
Conclusions
Work schedule instability was important risk factor of insomnia in firefighters. It suggests that improving the stability of work schedules could be a key strategy for reducing sleep problems in this occupational group.

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Original Article
Association between single-person household wage workers in South Korea and insomnia symptoms: the 6th Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS)
Yoon Ho Lee, Yong-Jin Lee, Eun-Chul Jang, Young-Sun Min, Soon-Chan Kwon
Ann Occup Environ Med 2024;36:e25.   Published online September 6, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2024.36.e25
AbstractAbstract AbstractAbstract in Korean PDFPubReaderePub
Background
The rise in single-person households is a global phenomenon with well-documented implications for both physical and mental well-being. However, there remains a scarcity of studies focusing specifically on the health impacts of single-person households on workers. This study aims to address this gap by comparing insomnia symptoms between single- and multi-person household workers, shedding light on the health implications of household composition.
Methods
This study utilized data from the Sixth Korean Working Conditions Survey. Insomnia symptoms were categorized into normal sleep and insomnia symptom groups utilizing the 3-item Minimal Insomnia Symptom Scale. Multiple logistic regression analysis was employed to examine the association between single-person household wage workers and insomnia symptoms.
Results
In comparison to wage workers from multi-person households, those from single-person households exhibited heightened risks of reporting insomnia symptoms. In the fully adjusted model, the odds ratios for symptoms of insomnia among single-person household wage workers was 1.173 (95% confidence interval: 1.020–1.349).
Conclusions
This study underscores that single-person household wage workers in Korea face an elevated risk of insomnia symptoms compared to their counterparts in multi-person households.

목적
기존 연구에 의하면 1인 가구와 건강 문제는 부정적인 연관성을 보이는 것으로 알려져 있으나 1인 가구 임금 근로자들에 대한 연구는 부족해 보인다. 이에 임금 근로자들을 대상으로 1인 가구의 불면증 증상의 실태를 파악하고 다인 가구 임금 근로자들과 비교하여 1인 가구 근로자가 건강에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 연구해보고자 한다.
방법
이 연구는 제6차 근로환경조사의 원시자료를 이용한 단면 연구이다. 불면증 증상의 경우 Minimal Insomnia Symptom Scale (MISS)를 사용하여 평가되었다. 다인 가구 임금 근로자군과 비교했을 때 1인 가구 임금 근로자군과 불면증 증상 간의 연관성을 연구하기 위해 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다.
결과
다인 가구 임금 근로자군과 비교했을 때 1인 가구 임금 근로자군의 불면증 증상에 대한 교차비(OR)은 1.173 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.020-1.349)로 나타났다.
결론
연구 결과 한국의 1인 가구 임금 근로자는 다인 가구 임금 근로자에 비해 불면증 증상을 보일 위험이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 1인 가구 근로자의 증가 추세는 근로자의 건강에 영향을 미치는 요인으로서 관심이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.
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Original Article
Mediation analysis of chronotype, sleep-related factors, and depressive symptoms among workers: a cross-sectional study
Seo Young Kim, Hyo Jeong Kim, Seong-Sik Cho, Min Young Park, Mo-Yeol Kang
Ann Occup Environ Med 2023;35:e47.   Published online November 20, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2023.35.e47
AbstractAbstract AbstractAbstract in Korean PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Background

This study aimed to examine the impact of chronotype on depressive symptoms and explore the mediating effects of sleep quality, pre-sleep cognitive arousal, and social jetlag in a sample of wage earners.

Methods

A total of 3,917 waged workers were surveyed online in July 2022. Logistic regression and mediation analysis were used to assess the relationship between chronotype (morningness, intermediate, and eveningness) and depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire ≥ 5), and the mediating effects of Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Pre-Sleep Arousal Scale (PSAS). All analyses were adjusted for age, education level, income level, marital status, coffee consumption, alcohol consumption, physical activity, occupation, employment status, and working hours to calculate odds ratios (ORs).

Results

The chronotypes of all the participants were divided into morningness (4.7%), intermediate (93.5%), and eveningness (1.8%). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed an increased risk of depression in the eveningness chronotype (OR: 2.96; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.51, 5.86). Regarding the mediation analysis, ISI mediated 28.44% (95% CI: 16.39–40.5), PSQI for 31.25% (95% CI: 19.36, 43.15), and PSAS-Cognitive Score (PSAS-C) for 23.58% (95% CI: 10.66, 36.50) of the association between chronotype and depressive symptoms. However, social jetlag did not significantly mediate this relationship. (percentage mediated = 0.75%, 95% CI: −3.88, 5.39)

Conclusions

Evening chronotypes exhibit an increased risk of depressive symptoms, which ISI, PSQI, and PSAS-C partially mediated. This suggests that interventions to improve sleep quality and maintain adequate sleep habits may effectively prevent and treat depression in employees with an eveningness chronotype.

직장인의 크로노타입이 우울 증상에 미치는 영향과 수면 관련 요인의 매개 분석
목적
본 연구는 국내 임금 근로자를 대상으로 크로노타입이 우울 증상에 미치는 영향과 수면의 질, 수면 전 인지적 각성, 사회적 시차 등의 매개 효과에 대해 분석하고자 한다.
방법
2022년 7월 온라인 설문조사를 통해 모집한 만 19세 이상의 임금 근로자 3917명을 대상으로 분석을 시행하였다. 로지스틱 회귀분석으로 성별을 층화하여 크로노타입 (아침형, 중간형, 저녁형)과 우울증상 간의 관계를 살펴본 후, 매개효과 분석을 통해 불면척도, 수면의 질, 수면 전 각성 척도, 사회적 시차의 각각의 우울 증상에 대한 매개 효과를 계산했다. 모든 분석은 연령, 교육수준, 소득, 결혼 여부, 동거인 여부, 커피, 흡연, 음주, 신체활동, 직종, 고용형태, 근무 시간을 보정하였다.
결과
참가자는 아침형(4.7%), 중간형(93.5%), 저녁형(1.8%)으로 나뉘었다. 인구사회학적 특성 및 업무 관련 요인을 통제한 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과, 저녁형 그룹에서 우울증상 오즈비는 2.95 (95% 신뢰구간: 1.51–5.86)로 아침형 그룹에 비해 높게 나타났다. 매개 분석 결과에서 불면 척도는 28.44% (95% 신뢰구간 16.39–40.5), 수면의 질은 31.25% (95% 신뢰구간 19.36–43.15), 수면 전 인지적 각성척도은 23.58% (95% 신뢰구간 10.66–36.50)를 매개하였다. 그러나 사회적 시차는 매개 효과가 0.75% (95% 신뢰구간 -3.88–5.39)로 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다.
결론
본 연구 결과에 따르면 저녁형 크로노타입을 가진 근로자들이 아침형 근로자보다 우울증상의 위험도가 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 이에 대한 매개 효과 분석에서는 불면 척도, 수면의 질과 수면 전 인지적 각성이 우울 증상을 부분적으로 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 저녁형 크로노타입 근로자들과 같은 우울증의 상대적 고위험군에서 수면의 질을 개선하고 수면 습관을 적절히 유지하도록 개입하는 것이 우울증의 예방 및 치료에 효과적일 수 있음을 시사한다.
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Original Article
Association between discrimination in the workplace and insomnia symptoms
Suhwan Ju, Seong-Sik Cho, Jung Il Kim, Hoje Ryu, Hyunjun Kim
Ann Occup Environ Med 2023;35:e25.   Published online July 23, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2023.35.e25
AbstractAbstract AbstractAbstract in Korean PDFPubReaderePub
Background

In Korea, little research has focused on the relationship between discrimination in the workplace and sleep health. Thus, this study aims to investigate the association between such discriminatory experiences and insomnia, a common sleep disorder, using Korean employees’ data.

Methods

This study used data from the 6th Korea Working Conditions Survey. Discrimination experiences due to age, ethnic background, nationality, race, sex, religion, disability, sexual orientation, educational level, hometown, and employment status were investigated. The Minimal Insomnia Symptom Scale estimated insomnia symptoms. The association between discrimination experience and insomnia symptoms were analyzed using survey-weighted logistic regression analysis.

Results

Based on experiences of discrimination over the past 12 months, insomnia symptoms were associated with discrimination experience due to religion (odds ratio [OR]: 3.70; 95% confidential interval [CI]: 1.58–8.69), sex (OR: 2.51; 95% CI: 1.87–3.37), age (OR: 2.30; 95% CI: 1.88–2.81), hometown (OR: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.44–2.97), employment status (OR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.37–2.10), and educational level (OR: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.31–2.14). Furthermore, the prevalence of insomnia symptoms increased with the number of discrimination experiences.

Conclusions

In this study, discrimination experiences due to religion, sex, age, hometown, employment status, and educational level were significantly associated with insomnia symptoms. Furthermore, as the number of discrimination experiences increased, so did the prevalence of insomnia. Preventing workplace discrimination may improve workers’ sleep health.

직장에서의 차별 경험과 불면증 증상 간의 연관성
목적
한국에서 차별 경험과 수면 장애 간의 연관성에 대한 연구가 거의 없었다. 따라서, 이 연구의 목적은 직장에서의 차별 경험과 불면증 증상의 연관성을 조사하는 것이다.
방법
이 연구는 제6차 근로환경조사의 자료를 활용하였다. 나이, 출신민족, 국적, 인종, 성, 종교, 장애, 성적 지향성, 학벌, 출신 지역, 고용 형태 등 총 11개 종류의 차별에 대한 경험 유무를 조사하였다. 수면 장애는 minimal insomnia symptom scale (MISS)을 사용하여 불면증 증상의 유무를 조사하였다. 둘 사이의 연관성을 평가하기 위해 가중치를 이용한 로지스틱 회귀분석을 사용하였다.
결과
종교(odds ratio [OR], 3.70; 95% confidential interval [CI], 1.58–8.69), 성 (OR, 2.51 ; 95% CI, 1.87–3.37), 나이 (OR, 2.30 ; 95% CI, 1.88–2.81), 출신 지역 (OR, 2.07 ; 95% CI, 1.44–2.97), 고용 형태 (OR, 1.69 ; 95% CI, 1.37–2.10), 학벌 (OR, 1.67 ; 95% CI, 1.31–2.14)에 대한 차별 경험과 불면증 증상 간의 연관성이 확인되었다. 또한, 경험한 차별의 종류가 많을수록 불면증 증상의 유병률이 증가하는 경향이 확인되었다.
결론
이 연구에서 직장에서의 종교, 성별, 나이, 고향, 고용상태, 교육수준에 대한 차별 경험과 불면증 증상 간의 연관성이 확인되었다. 직장에서의 차별을 예방함으로써 근로자들의 수면 건강을 향상시킬 수 있을 것이다.
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Special Issue
Statement by the Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Medicine on the proposed reform of working hours in South Korea
Hee-Tae Kang, Chul-Ju Kim, Dong-Wook Lee, Seung-Gwon Park, Jinwoo Lee, Kanwoo Youn, Hwan-Cheol Kim, Kyoung Sook Jeong, Hansoo Song, Sung-Kyung Kim, Sang-Baek Koh
Ann Occup Environ Med 2023;35:e17.   Published online July 5, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2023.35.e17
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub

The current 52-hour workweek in South Korea consists of 40 hours of regular work and 12 hours of overtime. Although the average working hours in South Korea is declining, it is still 199 hours longer than the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development average of 1,716 hours per year. In view to this, the South Korean government has now proposed to reform the workweek, mainly intending to increase the workweek to 69 hours when the workload is heavy. This reform, by increasing the labor intensity due to long working hours, goes against the global trend of reducing work hours for a safe and healthy working environment. Long working hours can lead to increased cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases, industrial accidents, mental health problems, and safety accidents due to lack of concentration. In conclusion, the Korean government’s working hour reform plan can have a negative impact on workers’ health, and therefore it should be thoroughly reviewed and modified.


Citations

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  • Association between long working hours and metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease: a nationwide population-based study in Korea
    S.-U. Baek, J.-U. Won, Y.-M. Lee, J.-H. Yoon
    Public Health.2024; 232: 188.     CrossRef
  • Association between long working hours and engagement in preventive healthcare services in Korean workers: Findings from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    Seong-Uk Baek, Yu-Min Lee, Jin-Ha Yoon
    Preventive Medicine.2024; 180: 107849.     CrossRef
  • Long working hours, work-life imbalance, and poor mental health: a cross-sectional mediation analysis based on the sixth Korean Working Conditions Survey, 2020–2021
    Seong-Uk Baek, Yu-Min Lee, Jin-Ha Yoon, Jong-Uk Won
    Journal of Epidemiology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association between long working hours and the onset of problematic alcohol use in young workers: A population-based longitudinal analysis in South Korea
    Seong-Uk Baek, Jong-Uk Won, Jin-Ha Yoon
    Journal of Affective Disorders.2024; 344: 141.     CrossRef
  • Changes in Korea’s working time policy: the need for research on flexible working hours considering socioeconomic inequality
    Inah KIM
    Industrial Health.2024; 62(2): 77.     CrossRef
  • Effect of long working hours on psychological distress among young workers in different types of occupation
    Seong-Uk Baek, Jin-Ha Yoon
    Preventive Medicine.2024; 179: 107829.     CrossRef
  • Association between long working hours and the development of suicidal ideation among female workers: An 8-year population-based study using the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women & Family (2012–2020)
    Seong-Uk Baek, Yu-Min Lee, Jin-Ha Yoon
    Psychiatry Research.2024; 333: 115731.     CrossRef
  • Special Series I: Working hours as a social determinant of workers’ health
    Kyunghee Jung-Choi, Tae-Won Jang, Mo-Yeol Kang, Jungwon Kim, Eun-A Kim
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association between long working hours and cigarette smoking, leisure-time physical activity, and risky alcohol use: Findings from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2014–2021)
    Seong-Uk Baek, Jin-Ha Yoon
    Preventive Medicine.2023; 175: 107691.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Association between insomnia and absenteeism or presenteeism among Korean employees
JongHyun Hwang, Seong-Sik Cho, Jung Il Kim
Ann Occup Environ Med 2022;34:e41.   Published online December 6, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2022.34.e41
AbstractAbstract AbstractAbstract in Korean PDFPubReaderePub
Background

In Korea, few studies clarify insomnia and its association and absenteeism or presenteeism. Therefore, this study aims to examine the association between insomnia and absenteeism/presenteeism using the sixth Korean Working Conditions Survey.

Methods

Insomnia was evaluated by the Minimal Insomnia Symptoms Scale (MISS). Absenteeism and presenteeism were assessed by asking if the employee had experienced absence or working despite being ill for the prior 12 months at the point of the survey. Multiple logistic analyses were conducted to explore insomnia and its association with absenteeism and presenteeism.

Results

The odds ratios of insomnia for absenteeism and presenteeism were 3.48 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.76–4.39) and 3.68 (95% CI: 3.18–4.26) in the fully adjusted model. As the MISS scores increased, absenteeism and presenteeism showed the increasing trend that odd ratios increased accordingly from the first to the fourth quartile.

Conclusions

This study observed that insomnia was related to both absenteeism and presenteeism among Korean employees.

한국 근로자에서의 불면증과 결근(absenteeism) 및 프리젠티즘(presenteeism) 간 연관성 연구.
목적
불면증은 결근 및 프리젠티즘을 유발하는 위험 인자로 알려져 있으나 한국의 노동자들에서의 불면증과 결근 및 프리젠티즘 간의 연관성을 연구한 경우는 드물다. 따라서, 이 연구는 한국 노동자들에서의 불면증과 결근 및 프리젠티즘간의 연관성을 조사하였다.
방법
본 연구는 제6차 한국 취업자 근로환경조사 자료를 활용하였다. 불면증은 최소 불면증 증상 척도(MISS)를 사용하여 평가하였으며, 결근 및 프리젠티즘은 조사시점에서 1년동안의 결근 경험 및 건강상 문제가 있음에도 출근한 경험에 대해 질문함으로써 평가하였다. 불면증과 결근 및 프리젠티즘 간의 연관성을 분석하기 위해 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석을 수행하였다.
결과
보정된 모형에서 불면증과 결근 및 프리젠티즘과의 오즈비는 각각 3.48(95% CI: 2.76 - 4.39), 3.68(95% CI: 3.18 - 4.26) 이었다. 최소 불면증 증상 척도 점수가 증가할 수록 결근 및 프리젠티즘이 증가하는 경향을 보였다.
결론
본 연구를 통해 불면증과 결근 및 프리젠티즘의 연관성을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 근로자들의 수면 건강을 위한 추가적인 연구와 효과적인 수면 건강 중재 프로그램의 개발 및 도입이 필요할 수 있다.

Citations

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  • Prevalence of Sleep Disturbances in Latin American Populations and Its Association with Their Socioeconomic Status—A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis
    F. A. Etindele Sosso, Filipa Torres Silva, Rita Queiroz Rodrigues, Margarida M. Carvalho, Sofia Zoukal, Gabriel Cordova Zarate
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(24): 7508.     CrossRef
  • Multidimensional typologies of precarious employment and their relationships with mental well-being in Korean wageworkers: A latent class analysis based on the Korean Working Conditions Survey (2020–2021)
    Seong-Uk Baek, Jong-Uk Won, Jin-Ha Yoon
    Preventive Medicine.2023; 177: 107787.     CrossRef
  • Association between receiving work communications outside of work hours via telecommunication devices and work-related headaches and eyestrain: a cross-sectional analysis of the 6th Korean Working Conditions Survey
    Yoon-Soo Jang, Jae-Han Lee, Na-Rae Lee, Dong-Woo Kim, June-Hee Lee, Kyung-Jae Lee
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Presenteeism, Job Satisfaction, and Psychological Distress among Portuguese Workers in a Private Social Solidarity Institution during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study
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    Administrative Sciences.2023; 13(10): 220.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Association between sleep quality and type of shift work in Korean firefighters
Hyun-Jeong Oh, Chang Sun Sim, Tae-Won Jang, Yeon Soon Ahn, Kyoung Sook Jeong
Ann Occup Environ Med 2022;34:e27.   Published online October 11, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2022.34.e27
AbstractAbstract AbstractAbstract in Korean PDFPubReaderePub
Background

Shift work that interferes with normal sleep patterns, is known to be a cause of sleep disturbance and has been studied through various occupational groups. However, it is not known which shift type is better for sleep health.

Methods

This study included 568 firefighters. Sleep quality was evaluated using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Sleep quality was categorized into 2 groups; good quality (≤ 5 points) and poor quality (≥ 6 points). Demographic variables, depression, anxiety, type of shift, and job were collected by self-reported questionnaires. The χ2 test, t-test, and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the effect of shift type on the sleep quality of firefighters.

Results

Three hundred thirty-seven firefighters (59.3%) have poor sleep quality. Compared to day workers, the odds ratios (ORs) of poor sleep quality were 2.169 (95% confidence interval: 1.137–4.134) in 6-day cycle, 2.161 (1.150–4.062) in 9-day cycle, 1.805 (1.087–2.997) in 21-day cycle, and 1.485 (0.718–3.069) in 3-day cycle. The ORs of poor sleep quality were 1.697(1.021–2.823) in fire suppression and 2.325 (1.213–4.455) in emergency medical service compared to administration.

Conclusions

All shift work type except for the 3-day cycle was associated with poor sleep quality compared to day work.

한국 소방관에서 수면의 질과 교대근무 유형의 연관성
목적
소방관의 수면의 질에 어떤 교대근무 유형이 적합한지 결정하는 것이다.
방법
이 연구는 568명의 소방관을 포함하여 피츠버그 수면의 질 지수를 사용하여 수면의 질을 평가하였고, 다른 교란 요인은 자기보고형태의 설문지를 통해 수집하였다. 소방관의 수면의 질에 대한 교대근무 유형의 영향을 평가하기 위하여 카이제곱 검정, t-검정, 다중 로지스틱 회귀 분석을 사용하였다.
결과
337명(59.3%)은 나쁜 수면의 질을 가졌다. 주간 근무자와 비교했을 때, 나쁜 수면의 질에 대한 오즈비는 6주기에서 2.161 (95% 신뢰구간 1.137-4.134), 9주기에서 2.161 (1.150-4.062), 21주기에서 1.805 (1.087-2.997), 3주기에서 1.485 (0.718-3.069). 직무별로는 행정에 비해 화재진압 소방관의 수면의 질이 나쁠 오즈비는 1.697 (1.021-2.823)이었고, 구급업무 소방관은 2.325 (1.213-4.455)이었다.
결론
3주기를 제외하고 다른 형태의 교대근무에서 수면의 질은 주간근무에 비해 에서 나쁜 것으로 나타났다.

Citations

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  • Association of age and night flight duration with sleep disorders among Chinese airline pilots
    Ruizi Shi, Fang Wang, Wanying Xu, Li Fu
    Frontiers in Public Health.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Working hours and the regulations for night shift workers
    Tae-Won Jang
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Original Article
Analysis of self-reported mental health problems among the self-employed compared with paid workers in the Republic of Korea
Yongho Lee, Junhyeong Lee, Ui-Jin Kim, Eunseun Han, Seunghon Ham, Won-Jun Choi, Seong-Kyu Kang, Wanhyung Lee
Ann Occup Environ Med 2022;34:e8.   Published online April 8, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2022.34.e8
AbstractAbstract AbstractAbstract in Korean PDFPubReaderePub
Background

As self-employed workers are vulnerable to health problems, this study aimed to analyze mental health problems and sleep disturbances among self-employed workers compared with paid workers in Korea.

Methods

A total of 34,750 workers (23,938 paid workers and 10,812 self-employed workers) were analyzed from the fifth Korean Working Condition Survey, which included 50,205 households collected by stratified sampling in 2017. To compare mental health problems and sleep disturbance among self-employed workers and paid workers, multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed.

Results

The odds ratio in self-employed workers compared with paid workers was 1.25 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09–1.42) for anxiety, 1.11 (95% CI: 1.04–1.17) for overall fatigue, 1.11 (95% CI: 1.04–1.20) for difficulty falling asleep, 1.10 (95% CI: 1.02–1.18) for difficulty maintaining sleep and 1.24 (95% CI: 1.16–1.32) for extreme fatigue after waking up.

Conclusions

Self-employed workers in Korea have a higher risk of self-reported mental health problems and sleep disturbances than paid workers. Further studies with a longitudinal design and structured evaluation are required to investigate the causal relationship between health problems and self-employment.

한국 자영업자의 주관적 정신건강 문제 : 제 5차 근로환경조사를 이용하여
목적
자영업자는 고용, 사업체 운영 등에 대한 스트레스를 받고 있으며 자신들의 건강관리에 취약한 것으로 여겨지고 있다. 이 연구는 자영업자들에게 초점을 맞춰 유급근로자들과 비교하여 정신건강 문제와 수면 장애를 분석하는 것을 목표로 하였다.
방법
이 연구는 한국의 5차 근로환경조사 데이터를 바탕으로 23,938명의 유급근로자와 10,812명의 자영업자들을 선택하여 분석을 수행하였다. 정신건강 문제는 ‘우울감’, ‘불안감’, ‘전신 피로’에 대한 설문과 수면 장애는 ‘잠들기가 어려움’, ‘자는 동안 반복적으로 깨어남’, ‘기진맥진함 또는 극도의 피곤함을 느끼며 깨어남’ 설문의 답변을 이용하였다. 자영업자의 정신건강 문제와 수면 장애를 분석하기 위해 다변량 로지스틱 회귀 분석을 시행하였다.
결과
자영업자에서의 ‘불안감’에 대한 보정된 오즈비는 1.25 (95% CI=1.09-1.42), ‘전신피로’는 1.11 (95% CI=1.04-1.17), ‘잠들기가 어려움’은 1.11 (95% CI=1.04-1.20), ‘자는 동안 반복적으로 깨어남’은 1.10 (95% CI=1.02-1.18) 그리고 ‘기진맥진함 또는 극도의 피곤함을 느끼며 깨어남’은 1.24 (95% CI=1.16-1.32)이었다.
결론
본 연구는 유급근로자에 비해 자영업자들의 정신건강 문제와 수면 장애의 위험성이 높은 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 자영업자들의 건강 보호와 증진을 위해 구조화된 설문, 전향적 연구 등의 추가적인 연구와 사회의 관심이 필요하다.

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  • Association between sickness presenteeism and depressive symptoms: a cross-sectional study using the 6th Korean working conditions survey
    Myeong-Hun Lim, Min-Seok Kim, Seong-Uk Baek, Tae-Yeon Kim, Jong-Uk Won, Jin-Ha Yoon
    International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health.2024; 97(5): 537.     CrossRef
  • Sources of occupational stress in UK construction projects: an empirical investigation and agenda for future research
    Saad Sarhan, Stephen Pretlove, Faris Elghaish, Sandra Matarneh, Alan Mossman
    Smart and Sustainable Built Environment.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Mathieu Tremblay, Dave Bergeron, Andrée-Anne Parent, Jérôme Pelletier, Daniel Paré, Martin Lavallière
    International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics.2024; 30(3): 907.     CrossRef
  • Multidimensional typologies of precarious employment and their relationships with mental well-being in Korean wageworkers: A latent class analysis based on the Korean Working Conditions Survey (2020–2021)
    Seong-Uk Baek, Jong-Uk Won, Jin-Ha Yoon
    Preventive Medicine.2023; 177: 107787.     CrossRef
  • Association between Workers’ Anxiety over Technological Automation and Sleep Disturbance: Results from a Nationally Representative Survey
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    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(16): 10051.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Association between sleep disturbance and occupational injury among Korean employees
Jongwoo Lee, Seong-Sik Cho, JungIl Kim, Mo-yeol Kang, Suhwan Ju, Byoung Gwon Kim, Young Seoub Hong
Ann Occup Environ Med 2021;33:e29.   Published online September 10, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2021.33.e29
AbstractAbstract AbstractAbstract in Korean PDFPubReaderePub
Background

Occupational injury has been a serious social problem steadily. Sleep disturbance is a risk factor for occupational injury. However, there were few researches studied on the linking between sleep disturbance and occupational injury in general working population of Korea. Therefore, we explored the association between sleep disturbance and occupational injury among Korean workers.

Methods

This study used data from the 5th Korean Working Conditions Survey. Occupational injury was assessed by asking work related injury for 12 months prior to the point of the survey. Sleep disturbance was assessed using the Minimal Insomnia Symptoms Scale (MISS). To analyze the association between sleep disturbance and occupational injury, multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted.

Results

The odds ratio (OR) of sleep disturbance group for occupational injury was 2.57 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.68–3.93) in the fully adjusted model. For the association between MISS score and occupational injury, it showed increasing trend that ORs increase from the 1st to the 4th quartiles. The OR of 2nd quartile was 1.10 (95% CI: 0.60–2.01), the OR of 3rd quartile was 2.27 (95% CI: 1.53–3.38) and the OR of 4th quartile was 2.80 (95% CI: 1.84–4.26).

Conclusions

Sleep disturbance was associated with occupational injury. In addition, increasing trend was observed between MISS score and occupational injury. These findings imply that developing of intervention programs to manage sleep disturbance and fatigue may be necessary to prevent occupational injury.

수면장애와 직업성 손상과의 연관성
목적
업무관련 손상은 심각한 사회적 문제이다. 그러나 한국에서 수면장애와 업무관련 손상의 연관성을 연구한 연구는 드물다. 따라서, 우리는 한국 근로자들의 수면 장애와 업무관련 손상 사이의 연관성을 조사하였다.
방법
이 연구는 제5차 한국 취업자 근로환경조사 자료를 활용했다. 업무관련 손상은 조사 시점의 1년 동안 업무관련 손상에 대해 질문함으로써 평가되었다. 수면 장애는 최소 불면증 증상 척도(MISS)를 사용하여 평가되었다. 수면 장애와 업무관련 손상 간의 연관성을 분석하기 위해 다중 로지스틱 회귀 분석을 수행하였다.
결과
보정된 모델에서 수면 장애 그룹의 오즈비는 2.57(95% CI: 1.68 - 3.93)이었다. 수면 장애의 정도와 업무관련 손상 사이의 연관성에 대해서는 오즈비가 1 사분위수에서 4 사분위로 증가한다는 노출(용량)-반응 관계를 보였다. 2분위수의 오즈비는 1.10(95% CI: 0.60–2.01)이었고, 3분위수의 오즈비는 2.27(95% CI: 1.53–3.38)이었으며, 4분위수의 오즈비는 2.80(95% CI: 1.84–4.26)이었다.
결론
수면 장애는 업무관련 손상과 관련이 있다. 또한, 수면 장애의 심각성과 업무관련 손상 사이에 노출-반응 관계가 관찰되었다. 이러한 연구 결과는 이후 전향적 코호트 형태의 연구가 필요하며, 업무관련 손상을 방지하기 위해 수면 장애와 피로를 관리하기 위한 개입 프로그램의 도입이 필요할 수 있음을 시사한다.

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    Journal of Occupational Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Exploring Clinical Trials to Manage Firefighters’ Sleep Quality: A PRISMA Compliant Systematic Review
    Sara Alves, Josiana Vaz, Adília Fernandes
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(5): 3862.     CrossRef
  • Economic costs and Predictors of occupation-related Injuries in Ethiopian sugar industries from the Employer’s perspective: top-down approach and friction method
    Mitiku Bonsa Debela, Muluken Azage, Negussie Deyessa, Achenef Motbainor Begosaw
    BMC Public Health.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Changes in the Health Indicators of Hospital Medical Residents During the Four-Year Training Period in Korea
    Ji-Sung Ahn, Seunghyeon Cho, Won-Ju Park
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Shiftwork Is Associated with Higher Food Insecurity in U.S. Workers: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study (NHANES)
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    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(5): 2847.     CrossRef
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Research Article
Relationship between long work hours and self-reported sleep disorders of non-shift daytime wage workers in South Korea: data from the 5th Korean Working Conditions Survey
Hongsuk Choi, Sungho Lee, Man-Joong Jeon, Young-Sun Min
Ann Occup Environ Med 2020;32:e35.   Published online November 3, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e35
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

Studies have investigated the relationship between long work hours and sleep disorders; however, they have focused on shift workers or specific workers who are at high risk of industrial accidents rather than wage workers in general. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of long work hours on sleep disorders among non-shift daytime wage workers.

Methods

We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the 5th Korean Working Conditions Survey. From the 50,205 total participants, we included 26,522 non-shift daytime wage workers after excluding self-employed people, business owners, unpaid family employees, and wage workers who work nights and shifts. Sleep disorders were categorized into “difficulty in falling asleep,” “frequent waking,” and “waking up with fatigue.” Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the influence of long work hours on sleep disorders, and the odds ratios (ORs) were calculated.

Results

The OR of working > 52 hours per week was 1.183 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.002–1.394) for the risk of developing insomnia compared with working ≤ 40 hours per week. The OR of waking up with fatigue was 1.531 (95% CI: 1.302–1.801). Long work hours showed no significant relationship with difficulty in falling asleep or with frequent waking.

Conclusions

Working for extended hours was associated with increased fatigue upon waking in non-shift daytime wage workers.


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  • Relationship between working hours and sleep quality with consideration to effect modification by work style: a community-based cross-sectional study
    Aya Yoshida, Keiko Asakura, Haruhiko Imamura, Sachie Mori, Minami Sugimoto, Takehiro Michikawa, Yuji Nishiwaki
    Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine.2024; 29: 19.     CrossRef
  • The role of work–family conflict in the association between long working hours and workers’ sleep disturbance and burnout: results from the sixth Korean Working Conditions Survey
    Seong-Uk Baek, Jong-Uk Won, Jin-Ha Yoon
    BJPsych Open.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The associations between working conditions and subjective sleep quality among female migrant care workers
    I-Ming Chen, Tzu-Yun Lin, Yi-Ling Chien, Jennifer Yi-Ying Chen, Jen-Hui Chan, Shih-Cheng Liao, Po-Hsiu Kuo, Hsi-Chung Chen
    Frontiers in Public Health.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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  • Association between physical risk factors and sleep disturbance among workers in Korea: The 5th Korean Working Conditions Survey
    Inho Park, Seunghan Kim, Yangwook Kim, Byungyoon Yun, Jin-Ha Yoon
    Sleep Medicine.2022; 100: 157.     CrossRef
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    Ji-Sung Ahn, Seunghyeon Cho, Won-Ju Park
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Research Article
Combined effect of emotional labor and job insecurity on sleep disturbance among customer service workers
Sunguk Choi, Kwon Ko, Jae Bum Park, Kyung-Jong Lee, Seungho Lee, Inchul Jeong
Ann Occup Environ Med 2020;32:e33.   Published online September 10, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e33
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

Job insecurity and emotional labor are poor job-related factors that are known to cause sleep disturbances in customer service workers. This study investigates the combined effect of emotional labor and job insecurity on sleep disturbance.

Methods

This study used data from the Fifth Korean Working Condition Survey and included 15,147 paid workers who serve customers below 65 years. We re-classified into 6 groups based on whether the degree of emotional labor increased (Rarely/Sometimes/Always) or whether job insecurity (No/Yes) was present. We performed propensity score matching for several covariates and calculated odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for sleep disturbance by logistic regression models using only matched subjects.

Results

Workers exposed to emotional labor and job insecurity had significantly higher risk for 3 dimensions of sleep disturbance (difficulty falling asleep, waking up repeatedly during the sleep, and waking up with feeling of fatigue) (OR [95% CI]: 1.44 [1.22–1.69], 1.18 [0.99–1.40], 1.52 [1.30–1.79] for emotional labor; and 2.00 [1.75–2.29], 2.20 [1.91–2.53], 1.67 [1.45–1.92] for job insecurity). Compared to those who were exposed to both emotional labor rarely and without job insecurity, when workers had both poor job factors, the OR (95% CI) for sleep disturbance for difficulty falling asleep, waking up repeatedly during the sleep, and waking up with feeling of fatigue were 3.05 (2.42–3.86), 2.89 (2.26–3.69), and 2.60 (2.06–3.29), respectively. The relative excess risk due to Interaction of job insecurity and emotional labor was significant only for difficulty falling asleep, but not the other 2 sleep disturbance dimensions.

Conclusions

Customer service workers suffered from severe sleep disturbances according to the existing degree of emotional labor and job insecurity. The combined effect of both could have an additive influence on serious sleep disturbance among customer service workers.


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  • Associations between precarious employment and smoking and regular exercise: Results from a Korean longitudinal panel study from 2005 to 2020
    Seong-Uk Baek, Jin-Ha Yoon, Jong-Uk Won
    Preventive Medicine.2023; 168: 107420.     CrossRef
  • Association between high emotional demand at work, burnout symptoms, and sleep disturbance among Korean workers: a cross-sectional mediation analysis
    Seong-Uk Baek, Jin-Ha Yoon, Jong-Uk Won
    Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Seong-Uk Baek, Jin-Ha Yoon, Jong-Uk Won
    SSRN Electronic Journal .2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Seong-Uk Baek, Jin-Ha Yoon, Jong-Uk Won
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(16): 10051.     CrossRef
  • The Importance of an Emotional Expression Guide to Prevent Work-Related Health Problems in Emotional Laborers
    Ji Sun Ha, Jin Ah Kim
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  • What Are the Experiences of Emotional Labor and Workplace Violence that Are More Harmful to Health in Korean Workforce?
    Won Ju Hwang, Hye Kyung Yang, Ji Hye Kim
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(21): 8019.     CrossRef
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Research Article
Association between sleep duration and impaired fasting glucose according to work type in non-regular workers: data from the first and second year (2016, 2017) of the 7th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination (KNHANE) (a cross-sectional study)
JaeHan Joo, Jae-Gwang Lee, SangWoo Kim, JaeHan Lee, June-Hee Lee, Kyung-Jae Lee
Ann Occup Environ Med 2020;32:e29.   Published online July 30, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e29
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

We aimed to find the relationship between sleep duration and impaired fasting glucose according to working type in non-regular workers using the 2016 and 2017 Korean National Health And Nutrition Examination (KNHANE, 7th revision).

Method

In the 1st and 2nd year (2016, 2017) of the 7th KNHANE, 16,277 people participated. Minors were excluded because this study was intended for individuals aged 19 years and older. As this study was based on wage workers, unemployment, self-employed workers, employers, unpaid family workers, and those who have insufficient answers such as unknown or no response were excluded. Regular workers were excluded because this study was intended for non-regular workers. Finally, a total of 2,168 people were included in the survey, except those who had been diagnosed with diabetes, had a fasting blood glucose level of 126 mg/dL or higher, or taking hypoglycemic agents or receiving insulin injections. To find the relationship between sleep duration and impaired fasting glucose according to work type in non-regular workers, multiple logistic regression analysis was performed by adjusting the general and occupational characteristics after stratification according to work type. All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS software (version 26.0; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).

Results

In the case of insufficient sleep duration in irregular female workers, the odds ratio (OR) of impaired fasting glucose was statistically insignificant, but in the case of insufficient sleep duration in irregular male workers who have shift work, the odds ratio (OR) of impaired fasting glucose was significantly higher than that of sufficient sleep duration (Model 1, OR: 3.05, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18–7.90; Model 2, OR: 2.81, 95% CI: 1.08–7.29).

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate that insufficient sleep duration was associated with an increase in fasting blood glucose levels in non-regular male workers working shifts. This means that non-regular workers are in desperate need for adequate sleep and health care. We hope that our study will help improve the health of non-regular workers and more systematic and prospective follow-up studies will be conducted to further improve the health of non-regular workers.


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  • The Impact of Night Work on the Sleep and Health of Medical Staff—A Review of the Latest Scientific Reports
    Katarzyna Czyż-Szypenbejl, Wioletta Mędrzycka-Dąbrowska
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(15): 4505.     CrossRef
  • Peripheral blood lipid and liver and kidney function test results in long-term night shift nurses: a cross-sectional study in South China
    Yang Zhao, Xunhao Lu, Yanghua Wang, Yiyi Cheng, Qiao He, Rongqi Qin, Wenrui Li, Haizhou Liu, Yuanfang Liu
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Unraveling the associations and causalities between glucose metabolism and multiple sleep traits
    Minhan Yi, Quanming Fei, Ziliang Chen, Wangcheng Zhao, Kun Liu, Shijie Jian, Bin Liu, Meng He, Xiaoli Su, Yuan Zhang
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Nutritional Biomarkers and Factors Correlated with Poor Sleep Status among Young Females: A Case-Control Study
    Sara AL-Musharaf, Lama AlAjllan, Ghadeer Aljuraiban, Munirah AlSuhaibani, Noura Alafif, Syed Danish Hussain
    Nutrients.2022; 14(14): 2898.     CrossRef
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Research Article
Association between change in working time arrangements and sleep disturbance
Ryun Ha, Jae Bum Park, Kyung-Jong Lee, Sunguk Choi, Inchul Jeong
Ann Occup Environ Med 2020;32:e18.   Published online June 18, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e18
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Background

Change in working time arrangement (WTA) can be harmful to workers' sleep and health. This study aimed to investigate the association between change in working time arrangement and sleep disturbance.

Methods

This study used data from the Fifth Korean Working Condition Survey and included 33,203 paid workers. We performed a stratified analysis by sex. After dividing the participants into 6 groups based on whether or not they experienced WTA changes, and their weekly working hours (≤40, 41–52, ≥53 hours), we calculated odds ratio (OR) using the weekly working hours ≤40 hours and with no WTA change as the reference group.

Results

Of the 33,203 paid workers, participants who experienced change in working time arrangement had higher prevalence of all three types of sleep disturbance symptoms (difficulty in falling asleep, waking up repeatedly during sleep, and waking up with a feeling of exhaustion and fatigue) in both sexes. Compared to the reference group at 95% confidence interval (CI), the group with change in WTA showed elevated OR values of 1.91 (95% CI: 1.73–2.11), 1.93 (95% CI: 1.74–2.14), 2.47 (95% CI: 2.26–2.71) for male workers; and 1.93 (95% CI: 1.73–2.16), 2.02 (95% CI: 1.80–2.27), 2.24 (95% CI: 2.01–2.50) for female workers, for difficulty in falling asleep, waking up repeatedly during the sleep, waking up with a feeling of exhaustion, and fatigue, respectively.

Conclusions

Workers who experience change in work time arrangement show a high risk of sleep disturbance in both sexes.


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  • Diversity of flexible working time arrangements and workers' health: An analysis of a workers’ panel and linked employer-employee data for France
    Christine Erhel, Mathilde Guergoat-Larivière, Malo Mofakhami
    Social Science & Medicine.2024; 356: 117129.     CrossRef
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Research Article
Relationship of spouses' weekly working hours and sleep problems in Korean wage workers: the 5th Korean working conditions survey
Chan Park, Eun-Chul Jang, Yong-Jin Lee, Soon-Chan Kwon, Young-Sun Min, Seong-Ryoul Chai
Ann Occup Environ Med 2020;32:e14.   Published online June 1, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e14
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

Sleep disorders are common and serious problems for mental health. This study investigated the relationship between spouses' weekly working hours (SWWH) and sleep problems by using the data from the 5th Korean Working Conditions Survey.

Methods

Data from 14,921 wage workers were used in the 5th Korean Working Conditions Survey. General and occupational characteristics, sleep problems are included in the questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used after adjustment for general and occupational characteristics to find the relationship between SWWH and sleep problems.

Results

Compared to those whose spouses worked less than 40 hours per week, risk of trouble falling asleep, waking up repeatedly while sleeping, and waking up with a feeling of exhaustion and fatigue was significantly higher as SWWH increase among those whose spouses worked 53 or more hours per week (odds ratio [OR]: 1.40, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16–1.70; OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.23–1.82; OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.24–1.83).

Conclusions

SWWH were related to sleep problems among Korean wage workers.


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  • Associations of socioeconomic status and sleep disorder with depression among US adults
    Wenzhen Li, Wenyu Ruan, Ying Peng, Zuxun Lu, Dongming Wang
    Journal of Affective Disorders.2021; 295: 21.     CrossRef
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Research Article
Psychosocial factors affecting sleep quality of pre-employed firefighters: a cross-sectional study
MyeongSeob Lim, Solam Lee, Kwanghyun Seo, Hyun-Jeong Oh, Ji-Su Shin, Sung-Kyung Kim, Hee-Tae Kang, Kyeong-Sook Jeong, Sung-Soo Oh, Sang-Baek Koh, Yeon-Soon Ahn
Ann Occup Environ Med 2020;32:e12.   Published online May 8, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e12
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

There have been no health-related studies of pre-employed firefighters without firefighter-specific job-related factors (FSJRF). This study aimed to evaluate the sleep quality of pre-employed firefighters and to examine the relationship between sleep quality and psychosocial factors.

Methods

We conducted a self-report questionnaire survey for 602 pre-employed firefighters at 3 Fire Service Academies after brief lecture about sleep. Sleep quality and psychosocial variables such as depression, anxiety, stress and social support were evaluated. The independent 2 sample t-test, χ2 test and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the effect of the variables on the sleep quality of pre-employed firefighters.

Results

Among a total of 602 people, 347 (57.6%) had good sleep quality and 255 (42.4%) had poor sleep quality. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score of them was 3.29 ± 1.41) and 7.87 ± 2.20), respectively. 24 (4.0%) were evaluated to have insomnia by Insomnia Severity Index. Logistic regression analyses showed that the depression (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 5.940, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.124–11.292), anxiety (aOR: 4.233, 95% CI: 2.138–8.381), stress (aOR: 2.880, 95% CI: 1.915–4.330) and social support (aOR: 0.959, 95% CI: 0.939–0.980) have a significant effect on sleep quality after adjusted by sex, age, smoking status, drinking status, caffeine intake, past shift working and circadian rhythm type.

Conclusions

Depression, anxiety, stress and social support were associated with sleep quality among pre-employed firefighters. Repeated follow-up studies of pre-employed firefighters are needed to further assess their change of sleep quality and identify the FSJRF that may affect the sleep quality of firefighters.


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  • Screening for Comorbidity of Sleep Disorders in Career Firefighters
    Nancy A. Hamilton, Julia Russell, Kareem Hamadah, Westley Youngren, Addie Toon, Thu A. Nguyen, Kevin Joles
    Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine.2024; 66(1): 43.     CrossRef
  • Global prevalence and associated factors of sleep disorders and poor sleep quality among firefighters: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Amir Hossein Khoshakhlagh, Saleh Al Sulaie, Saeid Yazdanirad, Robin Marc Orr, Hossein Dehdarirad, Alireza Milajerdi
    Heliyon.2023; 9(2): e13250.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and associated factors of poor sleep quality among industrial workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: findings from a cross-sectional study
    Amensisa Hailu Tesfaye, Addisu Genene Masresha, Tirhas Tadesse, Fantu Mamo Aragaw, Belay Desye, Giziew Abere
    BMJ Open.2023; 13(10): e073340.     CrossRef
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    Brett A Messman, Danica C Slavish, Madasen Briggs, Camilo J Ruggero, Benjamin J Luft, Roman Kotov
    Annals of Behavioral Medicine.2023; 57(7): 582.     CrossRef
  • Sleep Quality and Associated Factors among Firefighters in Bangkok, Thailand: A Cross-sectional Study
    Nunnapat Piyachaiseth, Pornchai Sithisarankul, Jate Ratanachina
    Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Heterogeneity in patterns of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and sleep disturbances among firefighters: Latent profile analyses
    Elizabeth L. Griffith, Ling Jin, Ateka A. Contractor, Danica C. Slavish, Anka A. Vujanovic
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  • Association between sleep quality and type of shift work in Korean firefighters
    Hyun-Jeong Oh, Chang Sun Sim, Tae-Won Jang, Yeon Soon Ahn, Kyoung Sook Jeong
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Joel M. Billings
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Research Article
Multidimensional sleep quality of dependent self-employment workers
Sang Ha Lee, Dukyun Kang, Junhyeong Lee, Uijin Kim, Seunghon Ham, Wanhyung Lee, Won-Jun Choi, Seong-Kyu Kang
Ann Occup Environ Med 2020;32:e6.   Published online January 22, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e6
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

The number of workers in non-standard employment (NSE) is increasing due to industrial change and technological development. Dependent self-employment (DSE), a type of NSE, was created decades ago. Despite the problems associated with this new type of employment, few studies have been conducted on the effects by DSE on health, especially sleep quality. This study aims to determine the relationship between DSE and sleep quality.

Methods

This study analyzed data of 50,250 wage workers from the fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey. Workers that did not respond or refused to answer any questions related to variables were excluded, and finally 36,709 participants were included in this study. A total of 2,287 workers (6.2%) were compared with non-DSE (34,422; 93.8%) workers, and multiple logistic regression analyses were applied.

Results

DSE status had a significant association with difficulty falling asleep (odds ratio [OR]: 1.331, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.178–1.504), difficulty maintaining sleep (OR: 1.279; 95% CI: 1.125–1.455), and extreme fatigue after waking up (OR: 1.331; 95% CI: 1.184–1.496). A multiple logistic regression of the variables for sleep quality in DSE showed a significant association with exposure to physical factors for all types of poor sleep quality as well as shift work for difficulty maintaining sleep with extreme fatigue after waking up. Long working hours and emotional labor were also associated with extreme fatigue after waking up.

Conclusions

This study shows a significant association between DSE and poor sleep quality, especially when workers were exposed to physical risk factors (noise, vibration, abnormal temperature, etc.) and shift work.


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  • Teleworking Is Significantly Associated with Anxiety Symptoms and Sleep Disturbances among Paid Workers in the COVID-19 Era
    Minji Kim, Inho Park, Hyojin An, Byungyoon Yun, Jin-Ha Yoon
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(2): 1488.     CrossRef
  • Self-employment and health inequality of migrant workers
    Deshui Zhou, Xin Wen
    BMC Health Services Research.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Mental health symptoms among dependent contractors in Korea: a cross-sectional study based on the Fifth Korean Working Condition Survey
    Seong-Uk Baek, Sung-Shil Lim, Sehyun Yun, Won-Tae Lee, Min-Seok Kim, Jin-Ha Yoon, Jong-Uk Won
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Effect of Job Demands, Job Resources, and Musculoskeletal Complaints on Presenteeism Among the Dependent Self-employment Workers in Korea
    Jiyun Kim, Sookja Choi
    Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine.2022; 64(9): 719.     CrossRef
  • Association between physical risk factors and sleep disturbance among workers in Korea: The 5th Korean Working Conditions Survey
    Inho Park, Seunghan Kim, Yangwook Kim, Byungyoon Yun, Jin-Ha Yoon
    Sleep Medicine.2022; 100: 157.     CrossRef
  • The Impact of Mandate Contract and Self-Employment on Workers’ Health—Evidence from Poland
    Katarzyna Piwowar-Sulej, Dominika Bąk-Grabowska
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(6): 3138.     CrossRef
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Research Article
Factors related with quality on sleep of daytime workers
Bu-il Kim, Seong-yong Yoon, Jin-seok Kim, Kuck-Hyeun Woo, Seong-yong Cho, Ho Lee, Jong-min An
Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:63.   Published online October 23, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0271-7
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

This study was conducted to identify the sleep status of daytime workers who do not work in shifts. This study analyzed factors affecting sleep duration and sleep quality.

Methods

This study was conducted on 1171 daytime workers at a manufacturing workshop. We used a self-administered questionnaire to investigate demographic variables, work type, working period, musculoskeletal symptoms and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index to assess sleep. Regular health checkup was conducted for the worker’s clinical examination.

Results

The mean sleep duration was 6.36 h and the mean score on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was 4.46. Work type and obesity were related to sleep duration. Age, obesity and musculoskeletal pain were significantly related to sleep quality. The prevalence ratio of researcher group for short sleep duration was 1.27 (95% confidence interval: 1.02–1.58). The prevalence ratio of those aged 50 years and over was 0.47 (0.25–0.91) and of those in their 40s was 0.56 (0.35–0.91) for poor sleep quality compared to those in their 20s. The prevalence ratio of the obesity group for poor sleep quality was 1.53 (1.10–2.12). The prevalence ratio of musculoskeletal pain group for poor sleep quality was 1.92 (1.29–2.84).

Conclusions

Age, obesity and musculoskeletal pain were factors affecting the poor quality on sleep of daytime workers. In addition, work type related to short sleep duration.


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  • Mental Health and Psychosocial Factors that Influence Sleep Quality among Indonesian Farmers
    Nur Hidaayah, Binti Nur Kholifah, Eppy Setiyowati, Wesiana Heris Santi, Lilik Supriati, Iswatun
    Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental.2024; 18(5): e05630.     CrossRef
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    Ayşenur Baysal Yiğit, Gamze Ekici
    Fenerbahçe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi.2024; 4(2): 230.     CrossRef
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    Fatih OKAN
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    Xiaodi Wang, Fangfang Song, Bian Wang, Lei Qu, Zhiping Yu, Xiuhua Shen
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    Ehab Salah Eshak
    Bulletin of the National Research Centre.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Mohammad Mehdi Mehrabi Nejad, Arezu Najafi, Abdolkarim Haji Ghadery, Nazanin Izadi, Zahra Banafsheh Alemohammad, Mahya Shabani, Maryam Saraei
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    Allison Naber, Logan Willhite, Whitney Lucas Molitor
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  • Poor Sleep Quality and Daytime Sleepiness in Health Professionals: Prevalence and Associated Factors
    Vergílio Pereira Carvalho, Kênia Alves Barcelos, Ely Paula de Oliveira, Sarah Nogueira Marins, Isabella Beatriz Silva Rocha, Daniel Ferreira Moraes de Sousa, Bruno Cabral Moreira, Gunther Abreu de Almeida, Marina Luana Silva Carneiro, Jéssica Duarte de Fr
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(13): 6864.     CrossRef
  • Sleep quality and health-related quality of life in workers of Kermanshah Industrial Town: A correlation study
    Seyed-Ramin Ghasemi, Mehdi Khezeli, Nader Rajabi-Gilan, Manoochehr Koulani, Nooshin Moloudi-Safa, Ali Hemati, Mojgan Afkari, Fatemeh Zolfaghari
    Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2020; 24(2): 72.     CrossRef
  • Shift rotation, circadian misalignment and excessive body weight influence psychomotor performance: a prospective and observational study under real life conditions
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    Scientific Reports.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Research Article
Effect of teacher’s working conditions on voice disorder in Korea: a nationwide survey
Yi-Ryoung Lee, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, Seyoung Lee
Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:43.   Published online July 3, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0254-8
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

Korean teacher’s working conditions are deteriorating. There is concern about the deterioration of teachers’ health and voice disorder is one of the most common problems. Teacher’s vocal health is important for them and their students. The aim of the present study was to investigate working conditions that may affect voice disorders.

Methods

In all, 79 primary and secondary schools were randomly selected for a nationwide school system survey (N = 3345). In 64 schools, 1617 (48.3%) teachers participated via a postal self-report questionnaire from June 2016 to August 2016. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, data from 1301 teachers’ were used for analysis. Multiple logistic regression was used to investigate the associations between general, work-related factors, and frequent voice disorders (fVDs) to estimate the adjusted odds ratio(aOR).

Results

Teachers who reported voice symptoms more than once a week (fVD) made up 11.6%. In a multiple logistic regression, fVD was significantly associated with female, difficulty in applying for sick leave as needed, music teachers (primary school), and less than 6 h of sleep per day (primary school). The aOR for fVD was 2.72 (0.83–8.10) in the longest working hours group (> 52 h/wk) among the primary school teachers, and 1.90 (0.80–4.73) in the longest class hour group (≥ 20 h/wk), 1.52 (0.90–2.62) in homeroom teachers among the secondary school teachers, but not statistically significant.

Conclusions

Korean teachers’ working conditions are associated with fVDs. The school health system must take steps to prevent and treat voice disorders of teachers.


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    Anja Benšić, Zdravko Kolundžić, Katarina Pavičić Dokoza
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    Dehui Fu, ShanShan Wang, Fang Yang, Jing Pan, Lei Chen, Jing Liu, Yongwang Huang
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    Bayan S. Alshuhayb, Abdullah Z. Alkhars, Maitha K. AlMaghlouth, Fatimah S. Alkhars, Zainab A. Alamer, Abdullah A. Alarfaj, Khalid A. AlYahya
    Journal of Voice.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Carla Nolasco Colla, Débora Bonesso Andriollo, Carla Aparecida Cielo
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  • Prevalence of Work-Related Voice Disorders in Voice Professionals: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Priscila Oliveira, Vanessa Veis Ribeiro, Ana Carolina Constantini, Maria Eduarda de Oliveira Barbosa Cavalcante, Maiara dos Santos Sousa, Kelly da Silva
    Journal of Voice.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Ritika Gautam, Srikanth Nayak, Usha Devadas
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  • Effect of Muscle Tension Dysphonia on Self-perceived Voice Handicap and Multiparametric Measurement and Their Relation in Female Teachers
    Samira Aghadoost, Shohreh Jalaie, Payman Dabirmoghaddam, Seyyedeh Maryam Khoddami
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    Ann-Christine Ohlsson, Gun Demitz-Helin, Ann-Christin Furu, Inger Hällgren, Suvi Karjalainen
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    Andrés Carrillo-Gonzalez, Maryluz Camargo-Mendoza, Lady Catherine Cantor-Cutiva
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  • Relevant Work Factors Associated with Voice Disorders in Early Childhood Teachers: A Comparison between Kindergarten and Elementary School Teachers in Yancheng, China
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Research Article
Mental disorders among workers in the healthcare industry: 2014 national health insurance data
Min-Seok Kim, Taeshik Kim, Dongwook Lee, Ji-hoo Yook, Yun-Chul Hong, Seung-Yup Lee, Jin-Ha Yoon, Mo-Yeol Kang
Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:31.   Published online May 3, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0244-x
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

Numerous studies have shown that healthcare professionals are exposed to psychological distress. However, since most of these studies assessed psychological distress using self-reporting questionnaires, the magnitude of the problem is largely unknown. We evaluated the risks of mood disorders, anxiety disorders, sleep disorders, and any psychiatric disorders in workers in healthcare industry using Korea National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data from 2014, which are based on actual diagnoses instead of self-evaluation.

Methods

We used Korea 2014 NHI claims data and classified employees as workers in the healthcare industry, based on companies in the NHI database that were registered with hospitals, clinics, public healthcare, and other medical services. To estimate the standardized prevalence of the selected mental health disorders, we calculated the prevalence of diseases in each age group and sex using the age distribution of the Korea population. To compare the risk of selected mental disorders among workers in the healthcare industry with those in other industries, we considered age, sex, and income quartile characteristics and conducted propensity scored matching.

Results

In the matching study, workers in healthcare industry had higher odds ratios for mood disorders (1.13, 95% CI: 1.11–1.15), anxiety disorders (1.15, 95% CI: 1.13–1.17), sleep disorders (2.21, 95% CI: 2.18–2.24), and any psychiatric disorders (1.44, 95% CI: 1.43–1.46) than the reference group did. Among workers in healthcare industry, females had higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders than males, but the odds ratios for psychiatric disorders, compared to the reference group, were higher in male workers in healthcare industry than in females.

Conclusions

The prevalence of mood disorders, anxiety disorders, sleep disorders, and all psychiatric disorders for workers in the healthcare industry was higher than that of other Korean workers. The strikingly high prevalence of sleep disorders could be related to the frequent night-shifts in these professions. The high prevalence of mental health problems among workers in healthcare industry is alarming and requires prompt action to protect the health of the “protectors.”


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Research Article
Factors increasing the risk for psychosocial stress among Korean adults living in rural areas: using generalized estimating equations and mixed models
Ju-Hyun Nam, Myeong-Seob Lim, Hyun-Kyeong Choi, Jae-Yeop Kim, Sung-Kyeong Kim, Sung-Soo Oh, Sang-Baek Koh, Hee-Tae Kang
Ann Occup Environ Med 2017;29:53.   Published online October 31, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-017-0209-5
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

This study was conducted to analyze the distribution of the psychosocial well-being index among adults living in two rural communities in Korea and to examine its correlation with lifestyle variables such as sleep duration, regular exercise, and sedentary time.

Methods

Using the cohort data of the Atherosclerosis Risk of a Rural Area Korean General Population, this study examined 3631 participants living in Wonju and Pyeongchang in Gangwon Province; their preliminary data were established from 2005 to 2007 while their follow-up data were collected 3 years later. This study investigated demographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, disease history, Psychosocial Well-being Index-Short Form (PWI-SF) scores, sleep duration, regular exercise, and sedentary time during work. Using repeated measures ANOVA, this study examined how the variables and PWI-SF scores changed over the course of 3 years and identified the correlation between them based on mixed model analysis. Afterwards, using the generalized estimation equation, this study identified each variable’s risk towards the PWI-SF high-risk group and performed a stratified analysis by occupation after dividing the participants into farmers and non-farmers.

Results

The PWI-SF high-risk group was found to be 18.9% of the participants from preliminary data and 15.5% from follow-up data. The odds ratio towards the PWI-SF high-risk group was 1.503 (95% CI 1.241–1.821) in the short sleep duration group and 1.327 (95% CI 1.136–1.550) in the non-regular exercise group. A stratified analysis by occupation showed that middle and long sedentary time in the white-collar group increased the risk toward the PWI-SF high-risk group.

Conclusions

Short sleep duration, no regular exercise, and long sedentary time in the white-collar group were identified as risk factors toward the PWI-SF high-risk group in the rural communities, and policy interventions are needed to address this issue.


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Research Article
Relationship of activities outside work to sleep and depression/anxiety disorders in Korean workers: the 4th Korean working condition survey
Sung Won Jung, Kyung-Jae Lee, Hee Sung Lee, Guang Hwi Kim, Jae Gwang Lee, June-Hee Lee, Joo Ja Kim
Ann Occup Environ Med 2017;29:51.   Published online October 11, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-017-0206-8
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

Sleep disorders and depression/anxiety disorders are long-standing and significant problem for mental health. Also there are already known so many negative health effect of these disorders. But there were few studies to examine the association between activities outside work and forementioned disorders. So this study aimed the association of those things by using the Republic of Korean data.

Methods

Data from 32,232 wage workers were used in the 4th Korean Working Condition Survey. General and occupational characteristics, sleep disorders, depression/anxiety disorders and activities outside work are included in questionnaire. To find the relationship between activities outside work and sleep, depression/anxiety disorders, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used after adjusting for general and occupational characteristics.

Results

We observed that volunteer activities increased the odds ratio of both sleep disorders and depression/anxiety disorders(Odds ratio[OR] = 1.35, 95% confidence interval[CI]: 1.03–1.78 and OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.29–1.84, respectively). And self-development activities increase the odds ratio of sleep disorders(OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.17–1.57). Gardening activities lowered the odds ratio of depression/anxiety disorders(OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.59–0.94).

Conclusion

Some of activities outside work were related to sleep disorders and depression/anxiety disorders among Korean wage workers. Our results showed negative health effect of some kinds of activities outside work such as volunteering and self-devlopment compared to other studies that emphasized positive effect of those activities for health.


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  • Association Between Occupational Physicochemical Exposures and Headache/Eyestrain Symptoms Among Korean Indoor/Outdoor Construction Workers
    Sung Won Jung, June-Hee Lee, Kyung-Jae Lee, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim
    Safety and Health at Work.2019; 10(4): 437.     CrossRef
  • The association between long working hours and work-related musculoskeletal symptoms of Korean wage workers: data from the fourth Korean working conditions survey (a cross-sectional study)
    Jae-Gwang Lee, Guang Hwi Kim, Sung Won Jung, Sang Woo Kim, June-Hee Lee, Kyung-Jae Lee
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Research Article
Sleepiness while driving and shiftwork patterns among Korean bus drivers
Seyoung Lee, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, Junsu Byun, Taewon Jang
Ann Occup Environ Med 2017;29:48.   Published online October 9, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-017-0203-y
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

Sleepiness while driving has been regarded as a major cause of death due to traffic accidents. We compared the degree of sleepiness across five different working time periods (first, morning, post-lunch, afternoon, and last) among Korean bus drivers with different shift types (Daily two shift/Alternating day shift).

Method

We interviewed 332 bus drivers with two shift types (Daily two shift, 128; Alternating day shift, 204). The questionnaire included demographic information (age, alcohol consumption and history of disease), a sleep disorder diagnosed by a doctor, job duration, the number of workdays in the past month, average working hours per workday and week, sleepiness while driving (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale), and sleeping time for both workdays and off-days. We conducted log-binomial regression analyses and produced prevalence ratios (PRs) of severe sleepiness (KSS ≥ 7) while driving with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) to identify the difference in sleepiness for five working times between both groups.

Results

For the first and morning periods, there were no statistically significant differences in the KSS scores between the two groups. However, from lunch to last driving, drivers with Alternating day shift had a much larger proportion of severe sleepiness than those on Daily two shift. Thirteen (10.2%), 2 (1.6%) and 7 (5.5%) Daily two shift workers reported severe sleepiness in the post-lunch, afternoon and last periods. In contrast, 81 (39.7%), 63 (30.9%) and 64 (31.4%) of Alternating day shift drivers experienced severe sleepiness during the post-lunch, afternoon and last driving periods (p < 0.0001). According to the log-binomial regression analyses, Alternating day shift was associated with severe sleepiness from lunch to last driving. After adjusting for job duration, alcohol consumption and sleeping time on workdays, the PRs were 3.97 (95% CI: 2.29–6.90) post-lunch, 18.26 (95% CI: 4.51–73.89) in the afternoon and 5.71 (95% CI: 2.51–12.99) for the last driving period.

Conclusion

We found that Alternating day shift bus drivers suffered from more sleepiness while driving from lunch to last driving than Daily two shift bus drivers. This difference may be because Alternating day shift drivers had more irregular work schedules and longer working hours per day and week.


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Research Article
Insomnia and hearing impairment among occupational noise exposed male workers
Hyeong-Min Lim, WonYang Kang, Won-Ju Park, Keun-Ho Jang, Ji-Sung Ann, Jai-Dong Moon
Ann Occup Environ Med 2017;29:36.   Published online August 15, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-017-0195-7
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between insomnia and hearing impairment among workers exposed to occupational noise.

Methods

This study included 809 male workers exposed to occupational noise. The participants underwent audiometric testing, and their insomnia was examined based on the Insomnia Severity Index test. Hearing impairment was defined as hearing threshold >25 dB hearing level in the range of 1–4 kHz.

Results

According to analysis of covariance, it was observed that pure tone audiometry thresholds at 1–2 kHz in the right ear and at 1 kHz in the left ear were significantly higher among workers with insomnia compared to those with no insomnia. Multiple logistic regression analysis of insomnia for hearing impairments was performed, which showed the odds ratio was 1.806 (95% confidence intervals: 1.022–3.188, p = 0.042) after adjustment for age, working period, noise level, snoring, use of protection devices, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, alcohol consumption, regular exercise, waist circumference, total cholesterol, triglyceride and high density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Conclusion

Insomnia could be associated with hearing impairment in workers who are exposed to occupational noise. Additionally, insomnia may be associated with decreased hearing at low frequencies. Especially, more efforts are required to improve the quality of sleep for workers who are exposed to loud occupational noise. Further well- designed prospective studies are needed to clarify the relationship between insomnia and hearing impairment.


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    Kening Jiang, Adam P. Spira, Nicholas S. Reed, Frank R. Lin, Jennifer A. Deal
    Sleep Epidemiology.2024; 4: 100082.     CrossRef
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    Kening Jiang, Adam P. Spira, Rebecca F. Gottesman, Kelsie M. Full, Frank R. Lin, Pamela L. Lutsey, Emmanuel E. Garcia Morales, Naresh M. Punjabi, Nicholas S. Reed, A. Richey Sharrett, Jennifer A. Deal
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    Sohrab Amiri
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Research Article
The relationship between serum vitamin D levels and sleep quality in fixed day indoor field workers in the electronics manufacturing industry in Korea
Young Saeng Jung, Chang Ho Chae, Young Ouk Kim, Jun Seok Son, Chan Woo Kim, Hyoung Ouk Park, Jun Ho Lee, Young Hoo Shin, Ho Sung Kwak
Ann Occup Environ Med 2017;29:25.   Published online June 24, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-017-0187-7
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

Although recent studies have investigated the influence of vitamin D on sleep patterns, there is a lack of research on the relationship between vitamin D and sleep patterns in Korean workers. This study focused on the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and sleep in fixed day indoor field workers in the electronics manufacturing industry in Korea.

Methods

The 1472 subjects who were included in this study were selected from fixed day workers in the electronics manufacturing industry who had received a worker’s special health examination at a hospital in Changwon, South Gyeongsang Province between January 2015 and December 2015. Nighttime workers and those who showed symptoms of depression were excluded from this study. The sociodemographic and lifestyle variables of the participants were investigated, including age, sex, marital status, level of education, body mass index, smoking habits, alcohol consumption habits, and regular exercise. Work-related factors were evaluated, such as employee tenure and occupational stress. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was measured as an indicator of vitamin D levels, and quality of sleep was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) translated into Korean.

Results

The subjects had a mean serum vitamin D level of 13.70 ± 5.93 ng/mL. Vitamin D deficiency, defined as a serum vitamin D level of <10 ng/mL, was found in 24.8% of males and significantly more frequently in females (47.6%). Poor sleep quality was reported by 19.8% of participants with serum vitamin D levels ≥10 ng/mL and by 21.7% of those with serum vitamin D levels <10 ng/mL, which was a significant difference (P = .007). Multiple logistic regression analysis adjusting for significant variables found that poor sleep quality was more likely in those with vitamin D deficiency than those with higher serum vitamin D levels (odds ratio = 1.36; 95% CI, 1.01–1.82). A comparison of serum vitamin D levels and PSQI components showed that the mean scores for subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, and sleep duration were significantly higher in the vitamin D-deficient participants, indicating that the vitamin D-deficient participants had poorer sleep quality.

Conclusions

This study investigated serum vitamin D levels in fixed day indoor field workers in the manufacturing industry in Korea and analyzed the relationship of vitamin D deficiency with sleep quality. A significant correlation was found between serum vitamin D deficiency and poor sleep quality. Based on the results of this study, sleep disorder management for workers can be improved by providing regular examinations checking their serum vitamin D levels and supplying vitamin D to workers with serum vitamin D deficiency to enhance their quality of sleep.


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Research Article
Relationship of workplace violence and perpetrators on sleep disturbance-data from the 4th Korean working conditions survey
Taejun Yoo, Byeongjin Ye, Jung-Il Kim, Siwoo Park
Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:59.   Published online October 19, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0142-z
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objective

The present study analyzed relationship of workplace violence and perpetrators of violence on sleep disturbance among wage workers in Korea.

Methods

The present study used data from the 4th Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS) of 2014 in selecting a total of 25,138wage workers as the study population, which excluded those who failed or refused to respond to questions required for the present study. The workplace violence experience group included people who satisfied at least one of six relevant criteria (verbal abuse, unwanted sexual attention, threatening or humiliating behavior, physical violence, bullying/harassment, and sexual harassment) and the group was divided according to whether the perpetrator of violence was a client or colleague. Presence of sleep disturbance was determined based on subjective symptoms felt within the past 12 months by each individual. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the effects on sleep distance according to general, occupational, and psychosocial characteristics, as well as the types of workplace violence and perpetrators of violence.

Results

Workplace violence was found as a factor affecting sleep disturbance (OR = 3.773, 95 % CI = 3.058–4.655), and with respect to perpetrators of violence, complaint of sleep disturbance symptoms was higher when the perpetrator was a colleague or boss (OR = 5.688, 95 % CI 4.189–7.723) than a client (OR = 2.992, 95 % CI 2.301–3.890).

Conclusion

Workplace violence had an effect on occurrence of sleep disturbance and when the perpetrators of violence was a boss or colleague at work, the risk for symptoms such as sleep disturbance increased, which indicated the need for appropriate intervention from a workplace healthcare perspective, including preventive education of workplace violence among employees.


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Research Article
The association of relational and organizational job stress factors with sleep disorder: analysis of the 3rd Korean working conditions survey (2011)
Gyuree Kim, Bokki Min, Jaeyoup Jung, Domyung Paek, Sung-il Cho
Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:46.   Published online September 13, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0131-2
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

Sleep disorder is a disease that causes reduction in quality of life and work efficiency of workers. This study was performed to investigate the relationship between job-related stress factor and sleep disorder among wageworkers in Korea.

Methods

This study was based on analysis of the 3rd Korean working conditions survey. We analyzed 35,902 workers whose employment status is wageworker. We classified the job-related stress factor into 12 sections. Logistic regression was performed to estimate the relationship between job-related stress factor and sleep disorder and Odds ratio and 95 % CI were calculated using the SPSS version 23.0 program.

Results

Many categories of Job-related stress factor were correlated with sleep disorder (8 of 12 for women, 10 of 12 for men). The results of the regression analysis, corrected for general and occupational characteristics, indicated that sleep disorder was significantly correlated with the following categories of job-related stress: discrimination experience (OR 3.37, 95 % CI = 2.49 ~ 4.56 in women, OR 1.96, 95 % CI = 1.53 ~ 2.51 in men), direct customer confrontation (OR 2.72, 95 % CI = 1.91 ~ 3.86 in women, OR 1.99, 95 % CI = 1.45 ~ 2.72 in men), emotional stress (OR 2.01, 95 % CI = 1.30 ~ 3.09 in men), work dissatisfaction (detailed) (OR 1.99, 95 % CI = 1.36 ~ 2.93 in men), work dissatisfaction (overall) (OR 2.30, 95 % CI = 1.66 ~ 3.20 in women, OR 2.40, 95 % CI = 1.88 ~ 3.08 in men), expression of opinion difficulty (OR 0.66, 95 % CI = 0.48 ~ 0.92 in women, OR 0.57, 95 % CI = 0.45 ~ 0.73 in men).

Conclusion

A number of studies have reported that stress affects sleep disorder. In this study, many factors suspected to increase the risk of sleep disorder were added to previously known job stress factors. In particular, this study found a strong correlation between work-associated sleep disorder and relational and organizational job stress factors. Sleep disorder may lead to large decreases in workers’ quality of life and work efficiency. Awareness and interventions are therefore required to reduce workplace stress; additional research of this topic is also required.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40557-016-0131-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.


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Research Article
Comparison of sleep quality based on direction of shift rotation in electronics workers
Youil Shon, Seungho Ryu, Byung-Seong Suh, Soo-Geun Kim, Won-Sool Kim, Hee-Seung Son, Hee-Yun Kim, Han-Seur Jeong
Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:37.   Published online September 5, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0122-3
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

Previous studies have reported the effects of direction of shift rotation on sleep, however, the findings are inconsistent. In this study, we investigated sleep quality related to direction of shift rotation using large-scale data from shiftwork-specific health examinations of electronics workers.

Methods

This study included 4750 electronics workers working in a rotating 3-shift system who completed a medical examination for shift workers survey from January 1 to December 31, 2014, at a general hospital. The subjects were categorized into one of two groups according to direction of shift rotation. We compared sleep quality index between the subjects who worked in forward rotation and backward rotation systems.

Results

Backward rotation was positively associated with prevalence of poor sleep quality. In the multivariable-adjusted model, when comparing backward rotation to forward rotation, the odds ratio (OR) with 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) for poor sleep quality was 1.95 (1.58–2.41). After stratifying by gender, the ORs (95 % CIs) for poor sleep quality in male and female was 1.92 (1.47–2.49) and 2.13 (1.47–3.08), respectively. In subgroup analyses, backward rotation was significantly associated with poor sleep quality in workers ≥30 years of age compared with workers <30 years of age (adjusted OR 2.60 vs. 1.89, respectively; P for interaction <0.001).

Conclusions

Our study supports that a backward rotation system is associated with poor sleep quality. Forward rotation systems should be considered to reduce sleep problems.


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    Marius Gabriel Bunescu, Veronica Gheorman, Iulia Rahela Marcu, Cristian Virgil Lungulescu, Venera Cristina Dinescu
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    Kampanat Wangsan, Naesinee Chaiear, Kittisak Sawanyawisuth, Piyanee Klainin-Yobas, Kanjana Simajareuk, Watchara Boonsawat
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(21): 13986.     CrossRef
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    Marco Di Muzio, Giulia Diella, Emanuele Di Simone, Mariella Pazzaglia, Valentina Alfonsi, Luana Novelli, Angelo Cianciulli, Serena Scarpelli, Maurizio Gorgoni, Annamaria Giannini, Michele Ferrara, Fabio Lucidi, Luigi De Gennaro
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Research Article
The effect of aircraft noise on sleep disturbance among the residents near a civilian airport: a cross-sectional study
Kyeong Min Kwak, Young-Su Ju, Young-Jun Kwon, Yun Kyung Chung, Bong Kyu Kim, Hyunjoo Kim, Kanwoo Youn
Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:38.   Published online September 2, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0123-2
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

Aircraft noise is a major environmental noise problem. This study was conducted in order to investigate the relationship between sleep disturbance and exposure to aircraft noise on the residents who are living near an airport.

Methods

There were 3308 residents (1403 in the high exposure group, 1428 in the low exposure group, and 477 in the non-exposure group) selected as the subjects for this study. The Insomnia severity Index (ISI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) questionnaires were used to evaluate sleep disturbance.

Results

The mean ISI and ESS scores were 6.9 ± 6.4 and 5.5 ± 3.7, respectively, and the average scores were significantly greater in the aircraft noise exposure group, as compared to the non-exposure group. The percentage of the abnormal subjects, which were classified according to the results of the ISI and ESS, was also significantly greater in the noise exposure group, as compared to the control group. The odd ratios for insomnia and daytime hypersomnia were approximately 3 times higher in the noise exposure group, as compared to the control group.

Conclusions

The prevalence of insomnia and daytime hypersomnia was higher in the aircraft noise exposure group, as compared to the control group. Further study is deemed necessary in order to clarify the causal relationship.


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Research Article
Factors Related to Sleep Disorders among Male Firefighters
Dong-Kyun Lim, Ki-Ook Baek, In-Sung Chung, Mi-Young Lee
Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26:11-11.   Published online May 22, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-4374-26-11
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with sleep disorders in male firefighters working in a metropolitan city in South Korea.

Methods

Self-administered questionnaires including the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, Korean Occupational Stress Scale-Short Form, Psychosocial Well-Being Index-Short Form, Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index, and Beck-Depression Inventory-2 as well as surveys collecting socio-demographic characteristics and work-related factors were given to 730 male firefighters. After exclusion for missing data, 657 male firefighters were included, and logistic regression analysis adjusted for the work-related factors, psychosocial factors, and general risk factors were used to assess the relationship between sleep disorders and associated factors.

Results

The prevalence of sleep disorders was 48.7%. Shift work (adjusted OR 1.58, 95% CI = 1.02-2.45), musculoskeletal symptoms (adjusted OR 2.89, 95% CI = 2.02-4.14), and depression (adjusted OR 7.04 95% CI = 4.03-12.30) were associated with sleep disorders.

Conclusions

Musculoskeletal symptoms, shift work, and depression are associated with sleep disorders. Integrated health management is needed to promote good sleep quality among firefighters.


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  • The Relationship between Chronotype and Sleep Quality in Korean Firefighters
    Ji-Ae Yun, Yeon-Soon Ahn, Kyoung-Sook Jeong, Eun-Jeong Joo, Kyeong-Sook Choi
    Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience.2015; 13(2): 201.     CrossRef
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Case Report
A Case of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Assessments of Fitness for Work
Sukwoo Hong, Yewon Kim, Ji-Young Ryu, Sangyoon Lee, Byung-Chul Son, Chae-Kwan Lee, Dae-Hwan Kim
Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26:7-7.   Published online April 25, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-4374-26-7
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

Obstructive sleep apnea is a common sleep disorder that can cause excessive daytime sleepiness and impairment of cognition. These symptoms may lead to the occurrence of occupational accidents in workers with obstructive sleep apnea.

Case presentation

A 36-year-old man who worked as a dimensional control surveyor caused a vehicle accident while he was driving at the work site. Although he experienced loss of consciousness at the time of the accident, he had no other symptoms. His brain computed tomography and laboratory test did not show any specific findings. Medical tests were conducted to evaluate his fitness for work. Decreased sleep latency was observed on the electroencephalography image, which is suggestive of a sleep disorder. He frequently experienced daytime sleepiness and his Epworth sleepiness score was 13. The polysomnography showed a markedly increased apnea-hypopnea index of 84.3, which led to a diagnosis of severe obstructive sleep apnea. The patient was advised to return to work only when his obstructive sleep apnea improved through proper treatment.

Conclusion

Proper screening for obstructive sleep apnea among workers is important for preventing workplace accidents caused by this disorder, but screening guidelines have not yet been established in Korea. An effort toward preparing practical guidelines for obstructive sleep apnea is needed.


Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Effects of exercise training on brain metabolism and cognitive functioning in sleep apnea
    Linda M. Ueno-Pardi, Fabio L. Souza-Duran, Larissa Matheus, Amanda G. Rodrigues, Eline R. F. Barbosa, Paulo J. Cunha, Camila G. Carneiro, Naomi A. Costa, Carla R. Ono, Carlos A. Buchpiguel, Carlos E. Negrão, Geraldo Lorenzi-Filho, Geraldo Busatto-Filho
    Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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