Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Mo-Yeol Kang

17 Articles

Association between work from home and health-related productivity loss among Korean employees: Hyo Jeong Kim, Dong Wook Lee, Jaesung Choi, Yun-Chul Hong, Mo-Yeol Kang; Ann Occup Environ Med 2024;36:e13. Published online April 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2024.36.e13

Abstract Abstract in Korean PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Background
After the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the widespread adoption of working from home, or teleworking, has prompted extensive research regarding its effects on work productivity and the physical and mental health of employees. In this context, our study aimed to investigate the association between working from home and health-related productivity loss (HRPL).
Methods
An online survey was conducted with a sample of 1,078 workers. HRPL was estimated by the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire: General Health version. Workers that have been working from home in the last 6 months were categorized into the “work from home” group. Generalized linear models were used to compare the mean difference of HRPL between “work from home” and “commuters” group. Stratified analyses were conducted based on various factors including gender, age, income level, occupation, education level, previous diagnosis of chronic disease, presence of preschool children, living in studio apartment, living alone, commuting time, working hours and regular exercise.
Results
The overall HRPL was higher in the “work from home” group than in the “commuters” group with a mean difference of 4.05 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.09–8.01). In the stratified analyses, significant differences were observed in workers with chronic diseases (mean difference: 8.23, 95% CI: 0.38–16.09), who do not live alone (mean difference: 4.84, 95% CI: 0.35–9.33), and workers that do not exercise regularly (mean difference: 4.96, 95% CI: 0.12–9.80).
Conclusions
Working from home is associated with an increased HRPL in the Korean working population, especially among those with chronic diseases, those who do not live alone, and those who do not exercise regularly.; 재택근무와 건강 관련 노동생산성 손실 간의 연관성
목적
코로나-19 감염증 팬데믹 이후 재택근무 및 원격근무가 널리 퍼지면서 재택근무 생산성 및 노동자의 신체적, 정신적 건강에 대한 영향을 파악하고자 하는 연구가 다수 진행되었다. 이러한 맥락에서 본 연구는 재택근무와 건강 관련 노동생산성 손실 간의 관련성을 조사하고자 하였다.
방법
1,078명의 근로자를 대상으로 온라인 설문을 실시하였다. 건강 관련 노동생산성 손실은 “Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire: General Health version(WPAI:GH)”를 이용하여 측정하였다. 지난 6개월 간 재택근무를 한 경우 재택근무자로, 그렇지 않은 경우 통근 근무자로 분류되었다. 재택근무자와 통근 근무자 간의 건강 관련 노동생산성 손실의 평균 차이를 비교하기 위해 일반 선형 모델을 사용하였다. 성별, 연령, 소득 수준, 학력, 만성 질병 진단 여부, 미취학 아동의 존재, 원룸 거주 여부, 독거 여부, 통근 시간, 근무 시간, 꾸준한 운동 등의 요인에 대한 층화 분석을 시행했다.
결과
재택근무자의 건강 관련 노동생산성 손실을 통근 근무자보다 높았으며 그 차이는 4.05(95% 신뢰구간: 0.09–8.01)이었다. 층화 분석에서는 만성 질병을 진단받은 적이 있는 경우(평균 차: 8.22, 95% 신뢰구간: 0.38–16.09), 독거 중이 아닌 경우(평균 차: 4.84, 95% 신뢰구간: 0.35–9.33), 그리고 운동을 꾸준히 하지 않는 경우(평균 차: 4.96, 95% 신뢰구간: 0.12–9.80) 유의한 차이가 확인되었다.
결론
국내 노동 인구에서 재택근무는 건강 관련 노동생산성 손실과 관련이 있으며 특히 만성 질환이 있는 근로자, 동거인이 있는 근로자, 운동을 정기적으로 하지 않는 근로자에서 더욱 그러한 것으로 나타났다.

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Exploring the impact of age and socioeconomic factors on health-related unemployment using propensity score matching: results from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2015–2017): Ye-Seo Lee, Dong-Wook Lee, Mo-Yeol Kang; Ann Occup Environ Med 2024;36:e16. Published online July 1, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2024.36.e16

Abstract Abstract in Korean PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Background
Previous reports showed that age and socioeconomic factors mediated health-related unemployment. However, those studies had limitations controlling for confounding factors. This study examines age and socioeconomic factors contributing to health-related unemployment using propensity score matching (PSM) to control for various confounding variables.
Methods
Data were obtained from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2015–2017. We applied a 1:1 PSM to align health factors, and examined the association between health-related unemployment and age or socioeconomic factors through conditional logistic regression. The health-related unemployment group was compared with the employment group.
Results
Among the 9,917 participants (5,817 women, 4,100 men), 1,182 (853 women, 329 men) were in the health-related unemployment group. Total 911 pairs (629 women pairs and 282 men pairs) were retained after PSM for health factors. The results of conditional logistic regression showed that older age, low individual and household income levels, low education level, receipt of the Basic Livelihood Security Program benefits and longest-held job characteristics were linked to health-related unemployment, despite having similar health levels.
Conclusions
Older age and low socioeconomic status can increase the risk of health-related unemployment, highlighting the presence of age discrimination and socioeconomic inequality. These findings underscore the importance of proactive management strategies aimed at addressing these disparities, which are crucial for reducing the heightened risk of health-related unemployment.; 연령과 사회경제적 요인이 건강 관련 실업에 미치는 영향: 성향점수매칭을 활용한 한국 국민건강영양조사(2015-2017)자료 분석 결과
목적
이전 연구들에서 연령 및 사회경제적 요인들이 건강 관련 실업을 연관되어 있다는 것을 보여주었으나, 이러한 연구들은 교란 요인을 통제하는 데 한계가 있었다. 본 연구는 다양한 교란 변수를 통제하기 위해 성향점수매칭을 사용하여 건강 관련 실업에 기여하는 요인들을 분석하고자 하였다.
방법
2015년부터 2017년까지 조사된 국민건강영양조사 자료를 활용하였으며, 건강 관련 실업군을 취업군과 비교하였다. 우리는 1:1 성향점수매칭을 적용하여 두 군 간의 건강관련 요인을 통제하였으며, 조건부 로지스틱 회귀 분석을 통해 건강 관련 실업과 연령 및 사회경제적 요인 간의 관련성을 조사하였다.
결과
9,917명의 참가자(5,817명의 여성, 4,100명의 남성) 가운데 건강 관련 실업군은 1,182명(853명의 여성, 329명의 남성), 취업군은 5,777명(2,894명의 여성, 2,883명의 남성)이었다. 성향점수매칭 후 조건부 로지스틱 회귀의 결과, 고령, 낮은 개인 및 가구 소득, 낮은 교육 수준, 기초생활수급상태, 최장일자리의 성격이 건강 관련 실업과 연관되었다.
결론
고령과 낮은 사회경제적 지위는 건강 관련 실업의 위험을 증가시킬 수 있으며, 이는 연령 차별 및 사회경제적 불평등을 시사한다. 따라서 건강 관련 실업 위험을 완화하기 위해서는 이러한 차별을 해소하기 위한 적극적인 관리 방안이 필요하다.

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Occupation classification model based on DistilKoBERT: using the 5th and 6th Korean Working Condition Surveys: Tae-Yeon Kim, Seong-Uk Baek, Myeong-Hun Lim, Byungyoon Yun, Domyung Paek, Kyung Ehi Zoh, Kanwoo Youn, Yun Keun Lee, Yangho Kim, Jungwon Kim, Eunsuk Choi, Mo-Yeol Kang, YoonHo Cho, Kyung-Eun Lee, Juho Sim, Juyeon Oh, Heejoo Park, Jian Lee, Jong-Uk Won, Yu-Min Lee, Jin-Ha Yoon; Ann Occup Environ Med 2024;36:e19. Published online August 6, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2024.36.e19

Abstract Abstract in Korean PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Background
Accurate occupation classification is essential in various fields, including policy development and epidemiological studies. This study aims to develop an occupation classification model based on DistilKoBERT.
Methods
This study used data from the 5th and 6th Korean Working Conditions Surveys conducted in 2017 and 2020, respectively. A total of 99,665 survey participants, who were nationally representative of Korean workers, were included. We used natural language responses regarding their job responsibilities and occupational codes based on the Korean Standard Classification of Occupations (7th version, 3-digit codes). The dataset was randomly split into training and test datasets in a ratio of 7:3. The occupation classification model based on DistilKoBERT was fine-tuned using the training dataset, and the model was evaluated using the test dataset. The accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score were calculated as evaluation metrics.
Results
The final model, which classified 28,996 survey participants in the test dataset into 142 occupational codes, exhibited an accuracy of 84.44%. For the evaluation metrics, the precision, recall, and F1 score of the model, calculated by weighting based on the sample size, were 0.83, 0.84, and 0.83, respectively. The model demonstrated high precision in the classification of service and sales workers yet exhibited low precision in the classification of managers. In addition, it displayed high precision in classifying occupations prominently represented in the training dataset.
Conclusions
This study developed an occupation classification system based on DistilKoBERT, which demonstrated reasonable performance. Despite further efforts to enhance the classification accuracy, this automated occupation classification model holds promise for advancing epidemiological studies in the fields of occupational safety and health.; DistilKOBERT를 기반으로 한 직업 분류 모델 개발: 제5차, 6차 한국근로실태조사를 이용하여
목적
정확한 직업분류는 정책 개발 및 역학 연구를 포함한 다양한 분야에서 중요하다. 본 연구는 자연어처리모델인 DistilKoBERT를 기반으로 한 직업 분류 모델을 개발하는 것을 목표로 한다.
방법
본 연구는 2017년과 2020년에 실시된 제5차와 제6차 근로환경조사 (KWCS)의 데이터를 활용하였다. 대한민국 근로자를 국가적으로 대표하는 총 99,665명의 참가자가 포함되었고, 직무 내용과 관련된 자연어 응답과 그에 맞는 대한민국 표준직업 분류코드(7차 개정, 3자리 코드)를 연구에 사용하였다. 데이터셋은 7:3의 비율로 훈련 및 테스트 데이터셋으로 무작위로 분할되었고, 사전 학습된 DistilKoBERT을 훈련 데이터셋을 통해 파인튜닝하여 모델을 학습시키고, 테스트 데이터셋을 사용하여 그 기능을 평가하였다. 정확도, 정밀도, 재현율 및 F1 점수가 평가 지표로 계산되었다.
결과
테스트 데이터셋의 28,996명의 참가자를 142개의 직업 코드로 분류한 최종 모델은 84.44%의 정확도를 보였다. 샘플 크기를 기준으로 가중치를 적용하여 계산한 모델의 정밀도, 재현율 및 F1 점수는 각각 0.83, 0.84 및 0.83 이었다. 최종 모델은 서비스, 판매 종사자 그룹에서 높은 정밀도를 보여주었지만 관리자 그룹에서는 낮은 정밀도를 보였다. 또한 훈련 데이터셋에서 표본의 수가 많았던 직업에서 대체로 높은 정밀도를 보였다.
결론
본 연구는 DistilKoBERT를 기반으로 합리적인 성능을 보이는 직업 분류 모델을 개발하였다. 분류의 정확성을 향상시키기 위한 추가적인 노력이 필요하지만, 자동화된 직업 분류 모델은 직업 안전 및 보건 분야의 유행병 연구를 발전시키는 데 기여할 것이라 기대된다.

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Special Series I: Working hours as a social determinant of workers’ health: Kyunghee Jung-Choi, Tae-Won Jang, Mo-Yeol Kang, Jungwon Kim, Eun-A Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2023;35:e16. Published online July 6, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2023.35.e16

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Changes in Korea’s working time policy: the need for research on flexible working hours considering socioeconomic inequality
Inah KIM
Industrial Health.2024; 62(2): 77. CrossRef

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Association between irregular working hours and work-related musculoskeletal pain: results from the 6th Korean Working Conditions Survey: Munyoung Yang, Jun-Pyo Myong, Jongin Lee, Min Young Park, Mo-Yeol Kang; Ann Occup Environ Med 2023;35:e21. Published online July 3, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2023.35.e21

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background

Recently, irregular working hours have become controversial issues in Korea. The health impact of irregular working hours on the work-related musculoskeletal pain (MSP) is scarcely researched before. We sought to investigate the association between irregular working hours and work-related MSP among South Korean workers.

Methods

This study used data from the sixth Korean Working Conditions Survey in 2020. The prevalence of work-related MSP was analyzed using the χ² test. A multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between irregular working hours and work-related MSP. We conducted stratified analysis by gender, weekly working hours, and workers’ control over their working hours. We calculated the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of work-related MSP for irregular working hours combined with weekly working hours.

Results

The OR for work-related MSP was significantly higher in the population with irregular working hours than in the population with regular working hours (OR: 1.43, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29–1.58). Irregular and long (> 52 hours/week) working hours have the highest risk of work-related MSP in both genders (in men, OR: 3.48 [95% CI: 2.53–4.78]; in women, OR: 2.41 [95% CI: 1.46–4.00]).

Conclusions

Irregular working hours were associated with work-related MSP in Korea. The association was magnified with long working hours. Reform of the Korean Labor Standards Act leading to increase irregular working hours may induce adverse health outcome.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Effect of long working hours on psychological distress among young workers in different types of occupation
Seong-Uk Baek, Jin-Ha Yoon
Preventive Medicine.2024; 179: 107829. CrossRef
Special Series I: Working hours as a social determinant of workers’ health
Kyunghee Jung-Choi, Tae-Won Jang, Mo-Yeol Kang, Jungwon Kim, Eun-A Kim
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

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Development of algorithm for work intensity evaluation using excess overwork index of construction workers with real-time heart rate measurement device: Jae-young Park, Jung Hwan Lee, Mo-Yeol Kang, Tae-Won Jang, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, Se-Yeong Kim, Jongin Lee; Ann Occup Environ Med 2023;35:e24. Published online July 19, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2023.35.e24

Abstract Abstract in Korean PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background

The construction workers are vulnerable to fatigue due to high physical workload. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between overwork and heart rate in construction workers and propose a scheme to prevent overwork in advance.

Methods

We measured the heart rates of construction workers at a construction site of a residential and commercial complex in Seoul from August to October 2021 and develop an index that monitors overwork in real-time. A total of 66 Korean workers participated in the study, wearing real-time heart rate monitoring equipment. The relative heart rate (RHR) was calculated using the minimum and maximum heart rates, and the maximum acceptable working time (MAWT) was estimated using RHR to calculate the workload. The overwork index (OI) was defined as the cumulative workload evaluated with the MAWT. An appropriate scenario line (PSL) was set as an index that can be compared to the OI to evaluate the degree of overwork in real-time. The excess overwork index (EOI) was evaluated in real-time during work performance using the difference between the OI and the PSL. The EOI value was used to perform receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to find the optimal cut-off value for classification of overwork state.

Results

Of the 60 participants analyzed, 28 (46.7%) were classified as the overwork group based on their RHR. ROC curve analysis showed that the EOI was a good predictor of overwork, with an area under the curve of 0.824. The optimal cut-off values ranged from 21.8% to 24.0% depending on the method used to determine the cut-off point.

Conclusion

The EOI showed promising results as a predictive tool to assess overwork in real-time using heart rate monitoring and calculation through MAWT. Further research is needed to assess physical workload accurately and determine cut-off values across industries.

실시간 심박수 측정 장치를 이용한 건설업 근로자 과로 예측 알고리즘
목적
건설업 근로자는 육체적 업무강도가 높아 이에 따른 피로와 그에 따른 사고 및 건강 악영향 우려가 높다. 이 연구에서는 일개 사업장 건설업 근로자를 대상으로 과로와 심박수 사이의 관계를 탐색하고 실시간 심박수 모니터링을 이용하여 과로를 방지하는 방법을 제안하였다.
방법
서울의 일개 건설업 현장에서 근무하는 근로자를 대상으로 2021.08.-2021.10.까지 근무 중 심박수를 측정하였다. 총 66명의 한국인 근로자가 손목시계 형 장치를 이용하여 심박수 측정에 참여하였다. 안정시 심박수와 최대 심박수 추정치를 바탕으로 상대심박수(RHR)를 산출하였고, 이를 바탕으로 피로 없이 근무할 수 있는 최대시간(MAWT)를 계산하여 이를 바탕으로 업무 부담(workload)를 추정하였다. 이를 통해 산출한 누적 업무량으로 과로 지수(Overwork index)를 산출한 후 적정 업무 부담(PSL)과의 차이인 초과 과로 지수(Excess overwork index)를 정의하였다. EOI 값을 이용해 일평균 상대심박수 30%값을 기준으로 정의한 과로군-비과로군을 예측할 수 있는 최적 절단값을 ROC 분석을 통해 산출하였다.
결과
근로자 60명의 심박수 측정값을 분석한 결과 28(46.7%)가 일평균 상대심박수를 기준으로 과로군으로 분류되었다. ROC 분석 결과 EOI값이 과로를 예측하는데 유용함을 확인하였고 AUC값은 0.824였다. 최적 절단 값은 최적화 방법에 따라 21.8%에서 24.0%로 나타났다.
결론
실시간 심박수 모니터링과 MAWT를 이용해 산출한 EOI값은 과로를 예측하는데 유용한 지표임을 확인하였다. 단, 건설업을 비롯하여 다른 육체적 부담이 큰 업종에서 최적 절단값을 찾기 위해서는 추가 연구가 필요하다.

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Development of productivity model of continuous miner operators working in hazardous underground mine environmental conditions
Siddhartha Roy, Devi Prasad Mishra, Hemant Agrawal, Ram Madhab Bhattacharjee
Measurement.2025; 239: 115516. CrossRef

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Mediation analysis of chronotype, sleep-related factors, and depressive symptoms among workers: a cross-sectional study: Seo Young Kim, Hyo Jeong Kim, Seong-Sik Cho, Min Young Park, Mo-Yeol Kang; Ann Occup Environ Med 2023;35:e47. Published online November 20, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2023.35.e47

Abstract Abstract in Korean PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Background
This study aimed to examine the impact of chronotype on depressive symptoms and explore the mediating effects of sleep quality, pre-sleep cognitive arousal, and social jetlag in a sample of wage earners.
Methods
A total of 3,917 waged workers were surveyed online in July 2022. Logistic regression and mediation analysis were used to assess the relationship between chronotype (morningness, intermediate, and eveningness) and depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire ≥ 5), and the mediating effects of Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Pre-Sleep Arousal Scale (PSAS). All analyses were adjusted for age, education level, income level, marital status, coffee consumption, alcohol consumption, physical activity, occupation, employment status, and working hours to calculate odds ratios (ORs).
Results
The chronotypes of all the participants were divided into morningness (4.7%), intermediate (93.5%), and eveningness (1.8%). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed an increased risk of depression in the eveningness chronotype (OR: 2.96; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.51, 5.86). Regarding the mediation analysis, ISI mediated 28.44% (95% CI: 16.39–40.5), PSQI for 31.25% (95% CI: 19.36, 43.15), and PSAS-Cognitive Score (PSAS-C) for 23.58% (95% CI: 10.66, 36.50) of the association between chronotype and depressive symptoms. However, social jetlag did not significantly mediate this relationship. (percentage mediated = 0.75%, 95% CI: −3.88, 5.39)
Conclusions
Evening chronotypes exhibit an increased risk of depressive symptoms, which ISI, PSQI, and PSAS-C partially mediated. This suggests that interventions to improve sleep quality and maintain adequate sleep habits may effectively prevent and treat depression in employees with an eveningness chronotype.; 직장인의 크로노타입이 우울 증상에 미치는 영향과 수면 관련 요인의 매개 분석
목적
본 연구는 국내 임금 근로자를 대상으로 크로노타입이 우울 증상에 미치는 영향과 수면의 질, 수면 전 인지적 각성, 사회적 시차 등의 매개 효과에 대해 분석하고자 한다.
방법
2022년 7월 온라인 설문조사를 통해 모집한 만 19세 이상의 임금 근로자 3917명을 대상으로 분석을 시행하였다. 로지스틱 회귀분석으로 성별을 층화하여 크로노타입 (아침형, 중간형, 저녁형)과 우울증상 간의 관계를 살펴본 후, 매개효과 분석을 통해 불면척도, 수면의 질, 수면 전 각성 척도, 사회적 시차의 각각의 우울 증상에 대한 매개 효과를 계산했다. 모든 분석은 연령, 교육수준, 소득, 결혼 여부, 동거인 여부, 커피, 흡연, 음주, 신체활동, 직종, 고용형태, 근무 시간을 보정하였다.
결과
참가자는 아침형(4.7%), 중간형(93.5%), 저녁형(1.8%)으로 나뉘었다. 인구사회학적 특성 및 업무 관련 요인을 통제한 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과, 저녁형 그룹에서 우울증상 오즈비는 2.95 (95% 신뢰구간: 1.51–5.86)로 아침형 그룹에 비해 높게 나타났다. 매개 분석 결과에서 불면 척도는 28.44% (95% 신뢰구간 16.39–40.5), 수면의 질은 31.25% (95% 신뢰구간 19.36–43.15), 수면 전 인지적 각성척도은 23.58% (95% 신뢰구간 10.66–36.50)를 매개하였다. 그러나 사회적 시차는 매개 효과가 0.75% (95% 신뢰구간 -3.88–5.39)로 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다.
결론
본 연구 결과에 따르면 저녁형 크로노타입을 가진 근로자들이 아침형 근로자보다 우울증상의 위험도가 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 이에 대한 매개 효과 분석에서는 불면 척도, 수면의 질과 수면 전 인지적 각성이 우울 증상을 부분적으로 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 저녁형 크로노타입 근로자들과 같은 우울증의 상대적 고위험군에서 수면의 질을 개선하고 수면 습관을 적절히 유지하도록 개입하는 것이 우울증의 예방 및 치료에 효과적일 수 있음을 시사한다.

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Poor worker’s long working hours paradox: evidence from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013-2018: Min Young Park, Jaeyoung Park, Jun-Pyo Myong, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, Dong-Wook Lee, Mo-Yeol Kang; Ann Occup Environ Med 2022;34:e2. Published online February 14, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2022.34.e2

Abstract Abstract in Korean PDF PubReader ePub

Background

Because income and working hours are closely related, the health impact of working hours can vary according to economic status. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between working hours and the risk of poor self-rated health according to household income level.

Methods

We used the data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VI and VII. The information on working hours and self-rated health was obtained from the questionnaire. After stratifying by household income level, the risk of poor self-rated health for long working hour group (≥ 52 hours a week), compared to the 35–51 working hour group as a reference, were calculated using multiple logistic regression.

Results

Long working hours increased the risk of poor self-rated health in the group with the highest income, but not in the group with the lowest income. On the other hand, the overall weighted prevalence of poor self-rated health was higher in the low-income group.

Conclusions

The relationship between long working hours and the risk of poor self-rated health varied by household income level. This phenomenon, in which the health effects of long working hours appear to diminish in low-income households can be referred to as the ‘poor worker’s long working hours paradox’. Our findings suggest that the recent working hour restriction policy implemented by the Korean government should be promoted, together with a basic wage preservation to improve workers’ general health and well-being.

저소득 근로자의 장시간근무 역설: 2013-2018 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여
목적
소득과 근로시간은 서로 밀접한 관계에 있으며, 이로 인해 근로시간이 건강 상태에 미치는 영향은 경제적 상황에 따라 달라질 수 있다. 본 연구는 가구소득수준에 따른 근로시간과 자가 건강 평가(self-rated health) 악화 위험의 연관성에 대하여 조사하였다.
방법
국민건강영양조사 제 6기 및 제 7기 자료를 이용하여 연구를 수행하였다. 근로시간 및 자가 건강 평가에 대한 정보는 설문조사를 통해 조사되었다. 주당 근로시간 35-51시간 군과 비교하여 주당 근로시간 52시간 이상인 장시간 근로 군의 자가 건강 평가 악화 위험을 가구 소득 수준으로 층화하여 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석을 통해 계산하였다.
결과
소득이 가장 높은 군에서는 근로시간이 길수록 자가 건강 평가 악화의 위험이 증가했으나 소득이 낮은 군에서는 유의한 결과를 보이지 않았다. 반면에 소득이 낮은 군에서는 근로시간에 관계 없이 전체적인 자가 건강 평가 수준이 낮은 것으로 관찰되었다.
결론
장시간 근로와 자가 건강 평가 악화 위험 간의 연관성은 가구소득수준에 따라 다른 것으로 나타났다. 저소득층에서 장시간 근로의 건강 영향이 약화되어 나타나는 이러한 현상을 ‘저소득 근로자 장시간 근로의 역설’이라고 부를 수 있다. 본 연구 결과는 최근 한국 정부가 시행하고 있는 근로시간 제한 정책을 추진할 때 전체 근로자의 건강과 복지를 향상시키기 위해서는 기본 임금 보전이 함께 추진되어야 함을 시사한다.

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Effect of long working hours on psychological distress among young workers in different types of occupation
Seong-Uk Baek, Jin-Ha Yoon
Preventive Medicine.2024; 179: 107829. CrossRef
High levels of anxiety and depression in women farmers from Ecuador: A cross-section study in Coastal and Highlands regions
Aline Siteneski, Viviana Septimia Gómez Mieles, Paola Andrea Romero Riaño, Karime Montes Escobar, German Josuet Lapo-Talledo, Andrea Valeria Dueñas-Rodriguez, María Antonieta Palma Cedeño, Yliana Consuelo Villacis Lascano, Lincon Oliver Echeverria Zurita
International Journal of Social Psychiatry.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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Chao Yu, Xinyi Zhang, Junbo Gao
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(17): 10625. CrossRef

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Association between long working hours and liver enzymes: evidence from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007–2017: Ji-Hun Song, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, Dong-Wook Lee, Jeehee Min, Yu Min Lee, Mo-Yeol Kang; Ann Occup Environ Med 2022;34:e9. Published online May 13, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2022.34.e9

Abstract Abstract in Korean PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background

Long working hours causes several health risks, but little is known about its effects on the liver. This study aimed to examine the correlation between working hours and abnormal liver enzyme levels.

Methods

We used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV–VII. For the final 15,316 study participant, the information on working hours was obtained through questionnaires, and liver enzyme levels, consisting of serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), through blood tests. The relationship between weekly working hours and abnormal levels of liver enzymes was analyzed using multiple logistic regression, and a trend test was also conducted.

Results

In male, working ≥ 61 hours per week was significantly associated with elevated AST and ALT levels compared with working 35–52 hours per week. Even after adjusting for covariates, the odds ratios (ORs) of abnormal AST and ALT increased by 1.51 (95% confidence interval: 1.20–2.05) and 1.25 (1.03–1.52), respectively, and a dose-response relationship was observed. This association was more prominent among the high-risk group, such as those aged > 40 years, obese individuals, worker on non-standard work schedule, pink-collar workers, or temporary worker. No correlation was observed in female.

Conclusions

Long working hours are associated with abnormal liver function test results in male. Strict adherence to statutory working hours is necessary to protect workers’ liver health.

장시간 노동과 간기능 이상의 상관성: 2007-2017 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여
목적
장시간 노동은 여러 가지 건강상의 위험을 초래하지만 간에 미치는 영향에 대해서는 아직까지 알려진 바가 거의 없다. 본 연구는 근로시간과 간기능 이상과의 상관관계를 알아보는 것을 목적으로 하였다.
방법
본 연구를 위해 4-7차 국민건강영양조사 자료를 사용하였다. 최종 연구참여자 15,316명을 대상으로 설문지를 통해 근무시간 정보를 얻었고 혈액검사를 통해 혈청 아스파르테이트아미노트랜스퍼라제(AST)와 알라닌아미노트랜스퍼라제(ALT)로 구성된 간효소치 정보를 얻었다. 다중 로지스틱 회귀 분석을 통해 주당 근무 시간과 간효소 이상 수치와의 관계를 분석하고 추세 검정도 함께 진행하였다.
결과
남성의 경우 주당 35-52시간 일하는 것에 비해, 법정 최대 근로시간을 초과한 주당 53-60시간을 근무하여도 AST 및 ALT 수치의 유의한 상승이 관찰되진 않았으나, 주당 60시간을 초과하여 일하는 경우 유의하게 상승하였다. 공변량을 보정한 후에도 AST와 ALT이상수치의 교차비(ORs)가 각각 1.51 (95% 신뢰 구간: 1.20-2.05) 및 1.25 (1.03-1.52) 증가하여 용량-반응 관계가 관찰되었다. 이 연관성은 40세 이상, 비만인, 비정규시간 근로자, 핑크 칼라 노동자, 임시직 노동자와 같은 고위험군에서 더 두드러졌다. 여성에서는 상관관계가 관찰되지 않았다.
결론
남성의 경우 장시간 노동은 간기능 검사 결과 이상과 관련이 있다. 근로자의 간 건강을 보호하기 위해서는 법정 근로시간을 철저히 준수하는 것이 필요하다.

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Association between long working hours and metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease: a nationwide population-based study in Korea
S.-U. Baek, J.-U. Won, Y.-M. Lee, J.-H. Yoon
Public Health.2024; 232: 188. CrossRef
Long working hours and increased risks of lean non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among Korean men and women
Ga-Young Lim, Yoosoo Chang, Inah Kim, Seungho Ryu, Ria Kwon, Jaechul Song
Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The associations of health behaviors and working hours with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels in Korean wage workers: a cross-sectional study
Choong-Won Seo, Eun-A Park, Tae-Hyung Yoon
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2023; 14(5): 356. CrossRef

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Association between sleep disturbance and occupational injury among Korean employees: Jongwoo Lee, Seong-Sik Cho, JungIl Kim, Mo-yeol Kang, Suhwan Ju, Byoung Gwon Kim, Young Seoub Hong; Ann Occup Environ Med 2021;33:e29. Published online September 10, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2021.33.e29

Abstract Abstract in Korean PDF PubReader ePub

Background

Occupational injury has been a serious social problem steadily. Sleep disturbance is a risk factor for occupational injury. However, there were few researches studied on the linking between sleep disturbance and occupational injury in general working population of Korea. Therefore, we explored the association between sleep disturbance and occupational injury among Korean workers.

Methods

This study used data from the 5th Korean Working Conditions Survey. Occupational injury was assessed by asking work related injury for 12 months prior to the point of the survey. Sleep disturbance was assessed using the Minimal Insomnia Symptoms Scale (MISS). To analyze the association between sleep disturbance and occupational injury, multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted.

Results

The odds ratio (OR) of sleep disturbance group for occupational injury was 2.57 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.68–3.93) in the fully adjusted model. For the association between MISS score and occupational injury, it showed increasing trend that ORs increase from the 1st to the 4th quartiles. The OR of 2nd quartile was 1.10 (95% CI: 0.60–2.01), the OR of 3rd quartile was 2.27 (95% CI: 1.53–3.38) and the OR of 4th quartile was 2.80 (95% CI: 1.84–4.26).

Conclusions

Sleep disturbance was associated with occupational injury. In addition, increasing trend was observed between MISS score and occupational injury. These findings imply that developing of intervention programs to manage sleep disturbance and fatigue may be necessary to prevent occupational injury.

수면장애와 직업성 손상과의 연관성
목적
업무관련 손상은 심각한 사회적 문제이다. 그러나 한국에서 수면장애와 업무관련 손상의 연관성을 연구한 연구는 드물다. 따라서, 우리는 한국 근로자들의 수면 장애와 업무관련 손상 사이의 연관성을 조사하였다.
방법
이 연구는 제5차 한국 취업자 근로환경조사 자료를 활용했다. 업무관련 손상은 조사 시점의 1년 동안 업무관련 손상에 대해 질문함으로써 평가되었다. 수면 장애는 최소 불면증 증상 척도(MISS)를 사용하여 평가되었다. 수면 장애와 업무관련 손상 간의 연관성을 분석하기 위해 다중 로지스틱 회귀 분석을 수행하였다.
결과
보정된 모델에서 수면 장애 그룹의 오즈비는 2.57(95% CI: 1.68 - 3.93)이었다. 수면 장애의 정도와 업무관련 손상 사이의 연관성에 대해서는 오즈비가 1 사분위수에서 4 사분위로 증가한다는 노출(용량)-반응 관계를 보였다. 2분위수의 오즈비는 1.10(95% CI: 0.60–2.01)이었고, 3분위수의 오즈비는 2.27(95% CI: 1.53–3.38)이었으며, 4분위수의 오즈비는 2.80(95% CI: 1.84–4.26)이었다.
결론
수면 장애는 업무관련 손상과 관련이 있다. 또한, 수면 장애의 심각성과 업무관련 손상 사이에 노출-반응 관계가 관찰되었다. 이러한 연구 결과는 이후 전향적 코호트 형태의 연구가 필요하며, 업무관련 손상을 방지하기 위해 수면 장애와 피로를 관리하기 위한 개입 프로그램의 도입이 필요할 수 있음을 시사한다.

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Jaehyuk Jung, Jiyoung Lim, Yong Hyuk Cho, Jae Bum Park, Inchul Jeong
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Comparison of work environment and occupational injury in direct and indirect employment in Korea and Europe: Joonho Ahn, Seong-Sik Cho, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, Jun-Pyo Myong, Mo-Yeol Kang; Ann Occup Environ Med 2019;31:e24. Published online September 25, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2019.31.e24

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background

To investigate the risk of injury for indirect employment in Korea, we compared work environment, workplace exposure, and injury risk according to the type of employment contract between Korea and European Union (EU) countries.

Methods

We analyzed data of blue-collar workers from the fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey (2014) and the sixth European Working Conditions Survey (2015) and compared workplace risk factors and preventive factors for occupational injuries. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the relationship between occupational injury and the type of employment contract after adjusting for age and sex.

Results

For descriptive characteristics, a relatively older age, lower income, lower proportion of full-time work, greater proportion in small-sized companies, and fewer unionizations were noted in indirect employment in Korea than in direct employment. Workplace exposure was significantly higher in indirect employment in both Korea and Europe. Among safety-related factors, indirect employment in both Korea and Europe lacked the support of company education, coworkers, and supervisors. Indirectly employed blue-collar workers had a significantly higher risk of occupational injury than those directly employed in Korea (odds ratio [OR]: 1.876), whereas there was no significant difference between directly and indirectly employed workers in EU countries (OR: 1.038).

Conclusions

Indirectly employed blue-collar workers have an increased risk of occupational injury in Korea.

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Estimated trends in hospitalizations due to occupational injuries in Korea based on the Korean National Hospital Discharge In-depth Injury Survey (2006-2019)
Seonguk Baek, Won-Tae Lee, Min-Seok Kim, Myeong-Hun Lim, Jin-Ha Yoon
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Minji Kim, Inho Park, Hyojin An, Byungyoon Yun, Jin-Ha Yoon
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(2): 1488. CrossRef
Economic costs and Predictors of occupation-related Injuries in Ethiopian sugar industries from the Employer’s perspective: top-down approach and friction method
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Joonho Ahn, Jongin Lee, Sang Ha Lee, Min Young Park, Wanhyung Lee
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Establishment and operation of a cooperative program to identify work-related acute myeloid leukemia in a general hospital: Jiyoun Jung, Hye-ran Choi, Byung-Sik Cho, Silvia Park, Jun-Pyo Myong, Mo-Yeol Kang, Hee-Je Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2019;31:e33. Published online November 12, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2019.31.e33

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background

The purpose of this report is to introduce the occupational cancer surveillance system, implemented in June 2018, and to share the results of our cooperative program.

Methods

The cooperative program begins when the patient is diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Newly diagnosed AML patients are admitted to the internal medicine hematology department, then attending hematology physician requests a consultation from the occupational and environmental medicine (OEM) department. The OEM doctor next visits the hospitalized patient and interviews them to take their occupational history, and preliminarily evaluates the likelihood that the condition is associated with occupation. If the patient wants to apply for compensation through the Korea Workers' Compensation & Welfare Service, the patient was informed to visits the outpatient clinic of the OEM department and requests a ‘work-relatedness evaluation report’ for use in applying for compensation.

Results

Among the 103 patients, who received an OEM departmental work history evaluation, 18 patients were considered to have a work-related incidence and 12 patients were registered in the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance system.

Conclusions

The present report provides data on a sustainable model for identifying occupational disease in a general hospital setting, while also informing patients about their occupational rights.

Citations

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Case-Control Study of Occupational Acute Myeloid Leukemia in the Republic of Korea
Min Young Park, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, Jun-Pyo Myong, Byung-Sik Cho, Hee-Je Kim, Mo-Yeol Kang
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Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

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Mental disorders among workers in the healthcare industry: 2014 national health insurance data: Min-Seok Kim, Taeshik Kim, Dongwook Lee, Ji-hoo Yook, Yun-Chul Hong, Seung-Yup Lee, Jin-Ha Yoon, Mo-Yeol Kang; Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:31. Published online May 3, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0244-x

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background

Numerous studies have shown that healthcare professionals are exposed to psychological distress. However, since most of these studies assessed psychological distress using self-reporting questionnaires, the magnitude of the problem is largely unknown. We evaluated the risks of mood disorders, anxiety disorders, sleep disorders, and any psychiatric disorders in workers in healthcare industry using Korea National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data from 2014, which are based on actual diagnoses instead of self-evaluation.

Methods

We used Korea 2014 NHI claims data and classified employees as workers in the healthcare industry, based on companies in the NHI database that were registered with hospitals, clinics, public healthcare, and other medical services. To estimate the standardized prevalence of the selected mental health disorders, we calculated the prevalence of diseases in each age group and sex using the age distribution of the Korea population. To compare the risk of selected mental disorders among workers in the healthcare industry with those in other industries, we considered age, sex, and income quartile characteristics and conducted propensity scored matching.

Results

In the matching study, workers in healthcare industry had higher odds ratios for mood disorders (1.13, 95% CI: 1.11–1.15), anxiety disorders (1.15, 95% CI: 1.13–1.17), sleep disorders (2.21, 95% CI: 2.18–2.24), and any psychiatric disorders (1.44, 95% CI: 1.43–1.46) than the reference group did. Among workers in healthcare industry, females had higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders than males, but the odds ratios for psychiatric disorders, compared to the reference group, were higher in male workers in healthcare industry than in females.

Conclusions

The prevalence of mood disorders, anxiety disorders, sleep disorders, and all psychiatric disorders for workers in the healthcare industry was higher than that of other Korean workers. The strikingly high prevalence of sleep disorders could be related to the frequent night-shifts in these professions. The high prevalence of mental health problems among workers in healthcare industry is alarming and requires prompt action to protect the health of the “protectors.”

Citations

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Computer use at work is associated with self-reported depressive and anxiety disorder: Taeshik Kim, Mo-Yeol Kang, Min-sang Yoo, Dongwook Lee, Yun-Chul Hong; Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:57. Published online October 13, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0146-8

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background

With the development of technology, extensive use of computers in the workplace is prevalent and increases efficiency. However, computer users are facing new harmful working conditions with high workloads and longer hours. This study aimed to investigate the association between computer use at work and self-reported depressive and anxiety disorder (DAD) in a nationally representative sample of South Korean workers.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was based on the third Korean Working Conditions Survey (2011), and 48,850 workers were analyzed. Information about computer use and DAD was obtained from a self-administered questionnaire. We investigated the relation between computer use at work and DAD using logistic regression.

Results

The 12-month prevalence of DAD in computer-using workers was 1.46 %. After adjustment for socio-demographic factors, the odds ratio for DAD was higher in workers using computers more than 75 % of their workday (OR 1.69, 95 % CI 1.30−2.20) than in workers using computers less than 50 % of their shift. After stratifying by working hours, computer use for over 75 % of the work time was significantly associated with increased odds of DAD in 20–39, 41–50, 51–60, and over 60 working hours per week. After stratifying by occupation, education, and job status, computer use for more than 75 % of the work time was related with higher odds of DAD in sales and service workers, those with high school and college education, and those who were self-employed and employers.

Conclusions

A high proportion of computer use at work may be associated with depressive and anxiety disorder. This finding suggests the necessity of a work guideline to help the workers suffering from high computer use at work.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40557-016-0146-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Citations

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Eunsoo Kim, Chul-Hyun Park, Hyun-Seung Lee, Mi Yeon Lee, Sung Joon Cho
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Yoon-Soo Jang, Jae-Han Lee, Na-Rae Lee, Dong-Woo Kim, June-Hee Lee, Kyung-Jae Lee
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Alessandro Gabbiadini, Giulia Paganin, Silvia Simbula
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Kristina Willeke, Patrick Janson, Katharina Zink, Carolin Stupp, Sarah Kittel-Schneider, Anne Berghöfer, Thomas Ewert, Ryan King, Peter U. Heuschmann, Andreas Zapf, Manfred Wildner, Thomas Keil
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Nico Dragano, Steffi G. Riedel-Heller, Thorsten Lunau
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Nico Dragano, Thorsten Lunau
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The effect of long working hours on 10-year risk of coronary heart disease and stroke in the Korean population: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), 2007 to 2013: Dong-Wook Lee, Yun-Chul Hong, Kyoung-Bok Min, Tae-Shik Kim, Min-Seok Kim, Mo-Yeol Kang; Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:64. Published online November 15, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0149-5

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background

Recently, the emergence of long working hours and the associated conditions such as coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke have gained attention. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between long working hours and the 10-year-risk of CHD and stroke, estimated by Jee’s health risk-appraisal model for ischemic heart disease.

Methods

We analyzed data from Koreans who randomly enrolled in Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–2012 and finally included 13,799 participants. The participants were classified as per their working hours: 0–30 h/week, 31–39 h/week, 40 h/week, 41–50 h/week, 51–60 h/week, 61–70 h/week, 71–80 h/week, and >80 h/week. The risks for CHD and stroke were determined using Jee’s health risk-appraisal model. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the association between working hours and 10-year risk for CHD.

Results

The 10-year risks for CHD and stroke were significantly and positively associated with working hours in both men and women. Furthermore, higher risks for CHD and stroke were associated with longer working hours in women.

Conclusion

Long working hours are significantly associated with the risks of CHD and stroke, estimated by Jee’s health risk-appraisal model. This study suggests the need for proper management of working hours to reduce CHD risk and stroke risk in the Korean population.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40557-016-0149-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Effect of Long Working Hours on Self-reported Hypertension among Middle-aged and Older Wage Workers: Dong Hyun Yoo, Mo-yeol Kang, Domyung Paek, Bokki Min, Sung-il Cho; Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26:25-25. Published online September 3, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-014-0025-0

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

Many studies have reported an association between overwork and hypertension. However, research on the health effects of long working hours has yielded inconclusive results. The objective of this study was to identify an association between overtime work and hypertension in wage workers 45 years and over of age using prospective data.

Methods

Wage workers in Korea aged 45 years and over were selected for inclusion in this study from among 10,254 subjects from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Workers with baseline hypertension and those with other major diseases were excluded. In the end, a total of 1,079 subjects were included. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate hazard ratios and adjust for baseline characteristics such as sex, age, education, income, occupation, form of employment, body mass index, alcohol habit, smoking habit, regular exercise, and number of working days per week. Additional models were used to calculate hazard ratios after gender stratification.

Results

Among the 1,079 subjects, 85 workers were diagnosed with hypertension during 3974.2 person-months. The average number of working hours per week for all subjects was 47.68. The proportion of overtime workers was 61.0% (cutoff, 40 h per week). Compared with those working 40 h and less per week, the hazard ratio of subjects in the final model, which adjusted for all selected variables, working 41-50 h per week was 2.20 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19–4.06), that of subjects working 51-60 h per week was 2.40 (95% CI, 1.07–5.39), and that of subjects working 61 h and over per week was 2.87 (95% CI, 1.33–6.20). In gender stratification models, the hazard ratio of the females tended to be higher than that of the males.

Conclusion

As the number of working hours per week increased, the hazard ratio for diagnosis of hypertension significantly increased. This result suggests a positive association between overtime work and the risk of hypertension.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between long working hours and hypertension risk
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Getu Gamo Sagaro, Ulrico Angeloni, Gopi Battineni, Nalini Chintalapudi, Marzio Dicanio, Mihiretu M Kebede, Claudia Marotta, Giovanni Rezza, Andrea Silenzi, Francesco Amenta
BMJ Open.2023; 13(10): e070146. CrossRef
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Long working hours associated with elevated ambulatory blood pressure among female and male white-collar workers over a 2.5-year follow-up
Mahée Gilbert-Ouimet, Xavier Trudel, Denis Talbot, Michel Vézina, Alain Milot, Chantal Brisson
Journal of Human Hypertension.2022; 36(2): 207. CrossRef
Occupational risk factors for hypertension
Mo-Yeol Kang
Journal of Hypertension.2022; 40(11): 2102. CrossRef
The combined effect of long working hours and individual risk factors on cardiovascular disease: An interaction analysis
Wanhyung Lee, Jongin Lee, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, Yu Min Lee, Dong-Wook Lee, Mo-Yeol Kang
Journal of Occupational Health.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Dose–response relationship between working hours and hypertension
Hao Cheng, Xuan Gu, Zhenan He, Yanqiu Yang
Medicine.2021; 100(16): e25629. CrossRef
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Qinqin Li, Rui Li, Shaojie Zhang, Yuanyuan Zhang, Panpan He, Zhuxian Zhang, Mengyi Liu, Chun Zhou, Huan Li, Chengzhang Liu, Xianhui Qin
Hypertension.2021; 78(1): 220. CrossRef
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Sangsoo Han, Yujin Ko, Ji Eun Moon, Young Soon Cho
Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
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Sungjin Park, Hyungdon Kook, Hongdeok Seok, Jae Hyoung Lee, Daeun Lim, Dong-Hyuk Cho, Suk-Kyu Oh, Sergio A. Useche
PLOS ONE.2020; 15(8): e0236931. CrossRef
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Eunchan Mun, Woncheol Lee, Min-Woo Nam, Hyun-Il Kim, Hyeongcheol Kim, Yesung Lee, Soyoung Park
BMJ Open.2020; 10(12): e041595. CrossRef
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Xavier Trudel, Chantal Brisson, Mahée Gilbert-Ouimet, Michel Vézina, Denis Talbot, Alain Milot
Hypertension.2020; 75(2): 532. CrossRef
Long work hours and decreased glomerular filtration rate in the Korean working population
Dong-wook Lee, Jongin Lee, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, Kyo Yeon Jun, Mo-Yeol Kang
Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2020; 77(10): 699. CrossRef
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Marianna Virtanen, Linda Magnusson Hansson, Marcel Goldberg, Marie Zins, Sari Stenholm, Jussi Vahtera, Hugo Westerlund, Mika Kivimäki
Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health.2019; 73(2): 130. CrossRef
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Rie Hayashi, Hiroyasu Iso, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Hiroshi Yatsuya, Isao Saito, Yoshihiro Kokubo, Ehab S. Eshak, Norie Sawada, Shoichiro Tsugane
Circulation Journal.2019; 83(5): 1072. CrossRef
Long weekly working hours and ischaemic heart disease: a follow-up study among 145 861 randomly selected workers in Denmark
Harald Hannerz, Ann Dyreborg Larsen, Anne Helene Garde
BMJ Open.2018; 8(6): e019807. CrossRef
Long Working Hours and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
Marianna Virtanen, Mika Kivimäki
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Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
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Vitamin D status and associated occupational factors in Korean wage workers: data from the 5th Korea national health and nutrition examination survey (KNHANES 2010–2012): Harin Jeong, Sujin Hong, Yunjeong Heo, Hosun Chun, Daeseong Kim, Jongtae Park, Mo-yeol Kang; Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26:28-28. Published online September 16, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-014-0028-x

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

Vitamin D deficiency is increasing worldwide. However, few studies have attempted to examine the vitamin D status of wage workers and the correlation between vitamin D deficiency and working conditions. Hence, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and the association between occupational conditions and vitamin D deficiency among Korean wage workers.

Methods

Wage workers aged 20–65 years from the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES 2010–2012; n = 5409) were included in our analysis. We measured the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and identified the correlations with the working conditions of these subjects.

Results

The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in male and female subjects was 69.5% and 83.1%, respectively. Among the male subjects, a significant correlation between vitamin D deficiency and working conditions was observed among shift workers, office workers, and permanent workers. No significant correlation with any type of working conditions was observed among female subjects.

Conclusion

The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among Korean wage workers was very high and was found to correlate significantly with working conditions, likely because of insufficient exposure to sunlight associated with certain types of work. Wage workers require more frequent outdoor activity and nutrition management to maintain sufficient vitamin D level.

Citations

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