Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Original Article

Association between work from home and health-related productivity loss among Korean employees: Hyo Jeong Kim, Dong Wook Lee, Jaesung Choi, Yun-Chul Hong, Mo-Yeol Kang; Ann Occup Environ Med 2024;36:e13. Published online April 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2024.36.e13

Abstract Abstract in Korean PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Background
After the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the widespread adoption of working from home, or teleworking, has prompted extensive research regarding its effects on work productivity and the physical and mental health of employees. In this context, our study aimed to investigate the association between working from home and health-related productivity loss (HRPL).
Methods
An online survey was conducted with a sample of 1,078 workers. HRPL was estimated by the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire: General Health version. Workers that have been working from home in the last 6 months were categorized into the “work from home” group. Generalized linear models were used to compare the mean difference of HRPL between “work from home” and “commuters” group. Stratified analyses were conducted based on various factors including gender, age, income level, occupation, education level, previous diagnosis of chronic disease, presence of preschool children, living in studio apartment, living alone, commuting time, working hours and regular exercise.
Results
The overall HRPL was higher in the “work from home” group than in the “commuters” group with a mean difference of 4.05 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.09–8.01). In the stratified analyses, significant differences were observed in workers with chronic diseases (mean difference: 8.23, 95% CI: 0.38–16.09), who do not live alone (mean difference: 4.84, 95% CI: 0.35–9.33), and workers that do not exercise regularly (mean difference: 4.96, 95% CI: 0.12–9.80).
Conclusions
Working from home is associated with an increased HRPL in the Korean working population, especially among those with chronic diseases, those who do not live alone, and those who do not exercise regularly.; 재택근무와 건강 관련 노동생산성 손실 간의 연관성
목적
코로나-19 감염증 팬데믹 이후 재택근무 및 원격근무가 널리 퍼지면서 재택근무 생산성 및 노동자의 신체적, 정신적 건강에 대한 영향을 파악하고자 하는 연구가 다수 진행되었다. 이러한 맥락에서 본 연구는 재택근무와 건강 관련 노동생산성 손실 간의 관련성을 조사하고자 하였다.
방법
1,078명의 근로자를 대상으로 온라인 설문을 실시하였다. 건강 관련 노동생산성 손실은 “Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire: General Health version(WPAI:GH)”를 이용하여 측정하였다. 지난 6개월 간 재택근무를 한 경우 재택근무자로, 그렇지 않은 경우 통근 근무자로 분류되었다. 재택근무자와 통근 근무자 간의 건강 관련 노동생산성 손실의 평균 차이를 비교하기 위해 일반 선형 모델을 사용하였다. 성별, 연령, 소득 수준, 학력, 만성 질병 진단 여부, 미취학 아동의 존재, 원룸 거주 여부, 독거 여부, 통근 시간, 근무 시간, 꾸준한 운동 등의 요인에 대한 층화 분석을 시행했다.
결과
재택근무자의 건강 관련 노동생산성 손실을 통근 근무자보다 높았으며 그 차이는 4.05(95% 신뢰구간: 0.09–8.01)이었다. 층화 분석에서는 만성 질병을 진단받은 적이 있는 경우(평균 차: 8.22, 95% 신뢰구간: 0.38–16.09), 독거 중이 아닌 경우(평균 차: 4.84, 95% 신뢰구간: 0.35–9.33), 그리고 운동을 꾸준히 하지 않는 경우(평균 차: 4.96, 95% 신뢰구간: 0.12–9.80) 유의한 차이가 확인되었다.
결론
국내 노동 인구에서 재택근무는 건강 관련 노동생산성 손실과 관련이 있으며 특히 만성 질환이 있는 근로자, 동거인이 있는 근로자, 운동을 정기적으로 하지 않는 근로자에서 더욱 그러한 것으로 나타났다.

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Original Article

Increased breast cancer incidence among nurses in a tertiary university hospital in South Korea: Juho Choi, Dong-Wook Lee, Baek-Yong Choi, Seung-Woo Ryoo, Taeshik Kim, Yun-Chul Hong; Ann Occup Environ Med 2023;35:e44. Published online November 4, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2023.35.e44

Abstract Abstract in Korean PDF PubReader ePub: Background
A series of breast cancer cases were recently reported in a tertiary university hospital in South Korea. Nurses are generally exposed to risk factors for breast cancer such as night shift work, antineoplastic agents, and job strain. However, the epidemiological evidence of excess incidence among nurses remains lacking. This study aims to investigate the excess incidence of breast cancer among nurses in a tertiary university hospital and provide epidemiological evidence of occupational risk factors.
Methods
A retrospective cohort was developed using personnel records of female workers in the nursing department who worked from January 2011 to June 2021 in a tertiary university hospital in South Korea. Sick leave records were used to identify cases of breast cancer. The standardized incidence ratio of breast cancer among nurses was compared to the general population.
Results
A total of 5,509 nurses were followed up for 30,404 person-years, and 26 breast cancer cases were identified. This study revealed a significantly increased breast cancer incidence among all included nurses, with a standardized incidence ratio of 1.65 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08–2.41), compared to the general population. Workers, who handle antineoplastic agents in their representative department and current and/or former department, had significantly elevated breast cancer standardized incidence ratios of 2.73 (95% CI: 1.008–5.94) and 3.39 (95% CI: 1.46–6.68), respectively.
Conclusions
This study provides significant evidence of increased breast cancer risk among nursing staff in a hospital setting, particularly those who handle antineoplastic drugs. Measures that reduce exposure to risk factors should be implemented, especially anticancer drugs, to protect healthcare professionals. Further research at a national level that focuses on healthcare workers is necessary to validate breast cancer incidence and its contributing factors.; 국내 모 대학병원 내 간호노동자에서의 유방암 발병률 증가
목적
최근 서울에 위치한 모 대학병원에서 항암제를 취급하는 근무지 내 간호사 중에서 여러 건의 유방암이 진단되었다. 간호사들에 대한 직업적 위험인자로 야간 근무, 항암제 노출, 직무 스트레스 등이 파악되었다. 그러나 간호사를 포함한 의료종사자들 사이에서 유방암 발병률 증가에 대한 연구 결과는 부족하다. 본 연구는 해당 대학병원의 간호부문 근로자에서의 유방암 발병률을 일반인과 비교하여 확인함으로써, 이들의 직업적 위험요인에 대한 역학적 증거를 제공하고자 하였다.
방법
해당 대학병원의 인사기록을 활용하여 후향적 코호트 연구를 수행하였으며, 2011년 1월부터 2021년 6월까지 간호부문에서 근무한 여성 근로자를 연구대상으로 하였다. 유방암 환자들을 식별하기 위해 병가 기록이 활용되었으며, 대표적인 근무지는 근로자가 가장 오래 근무한 곳을 기준으로 결정되었다. 간호부문 근로자에서의 연령 표준화 유방암 발병률을 산출하여 일반인구와 비교하였다.
결과
본 연구에서는 간호부문 근로자 5,509명을 대상으로 코호트 연구를 수행하였다. 관찰기간은 총 30,404인년이었고, 추적 기간 동안 신규 유방암 환자 26명을 확인하였다. 전체 간호부문 근로자들에서의 일반인구 대비 유방암 표준화발생률(Standardized Incidence ratio, SIR)은 1.65 (95% CI : 1.08-2.41)로 유의한 증가를 보였다. 항암제 취급 부서가 그들의 대표부서이거나 이전에 근무했던 경험이 있는 경우, 각각 2.73배(95% CI :1.00-5.94), 3.39배(95% CI : 1.46-6.68) 높은 유방암 발병위험이 확인되었다.
결론
본 연구는 병원 내 간호부문 종사자, 특히 항암제 취급 종사자에서의 유방암 발병 위험이 일반인구 대비 유의하게 증가함을 확인하였다. 의료종사자들을 직업적 위험요인으로부터 보호하기 위해 항암제 노출 차단, 야간 근무 감소, 개인 맞춤형 건강검진이 도입되어야 할 것이다. 추후 의료종사자를 대상으로 국가 수준의 연구를 통해 이들의 유방암 발병위험과 그 기여요인에 대해 확인해야 할 것이다.

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Research Article

Association between prenatal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and infantile allergic diseases modified by maternal glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms: results from the MOCEH birth cohort: Tai Kyung Koh, Hyesook Park, Yun-Chul Hong, Mina Ha, Yangho Kim, Bo-Eun Lee, Surabhi Shah, Eunhee Ha; Ann Occup Environ Med 2021;33:e12. Published online April 23, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2021.33.e12

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background

Prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) has been linked to allergic disease onset. Variations in the glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene family can impact the progression of allergic diseases. We sought to examine the association between prenatal PAH exposure and infantile allergic diseases in 6-month-old infants, and how maternal glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) or T1 (GSTT1) polymorphism affects the association between prenatal PAH exposure and allergic diseases in the Mothers and Children's Environmental Health (MOCEH) study.

Methods

The study sample comprised 349 infants and their mothers from the MOCEH study, for whom 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) and 2-naphthol were measured in both the early period of pregnancy and late period of pregnancy. An infant was deemed to be affected by an allergic disease if diagnosed with or if developed at least one of the allergic diseases. A logistic regression analysis was performed to study the association between urinary 1-OHP and 2-naphthol levels during pregnancy and allergic diseases in 6-month-old infants. Furthermore, analyses stratified by maternal GSTM1 or GSTT1 present/null polymorphisms were performed.

Results

The risk of allergic diseases in 6-month-old infants was significantly increased in accordance with an increase in urinary 1-OHP during the early period of pregnancy (odds ratio [OR]: 1.84; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05, 3.23; by one log-transformed unit of 1-OHP μg/g creatinine). The increased risk of infantile allergic diseases associated with urinary 1-OHP during the early period of pregnancy was limited to the maternal GSTT1 null type (OR: 2.69; 95% CI: 1.17, 6.21, by one log-transformed unit of 1-OHP μg/g creatinine); however, the Relative Excess Risk due to Interaction was not statistically significant.

Conclusions

The present study found that infantile allergic diseases could be affected by intrauterine PAH exposure, particularly in the early prenatal period and the risk was limited to the maternal GSTT1 null type.

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Infantile allergic diseases: a cohort study prenatal fish intake and mercury exposure context
Surabhi Shah, Hae Soon Kim, Yun-Chul Hong, Hyesook Park, Mina Ha, Yangho Kim, Ji Hyen Lee, Eun-Hee Ha
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Prenatal dietary exposure to mixtures of chemicals is associated with allergy or respiratory diseases in children in the ELFE nationwide cohort
Manel Ghozal, Manik Kadawathagedara, Rosalie Delvert, Amandine Divaret-Chauveau, Chantal Raherison, Raphaëlle Varraso, Annabelle Bédard, Amélie Crépet, Véronique Sirot, Marie Aline Charles, Karine Adel-Patient, Blandine de Lauzon-Guillain
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Environment International.2023; 180: 108195. CrossRef
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Research Article

The association between non-regular work patterns and insomnia among Korean wage workers: the fifth Korean working condition survey: Ho-Yeon Kim, Juho Choi, Hyun-Mook Lim, Chamjin Park, Yun-Chul Hong; Ann Occup Environ Med 2021;33:e9. Published online March 29, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2021.33.e9

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background

Non-regular workers are steadily increasing on account of improving corporate productivity. They are classified as non-permanent, part-time, or non-typical workers. Non-regular work has a negative impact on workers' physical and mental health. This study analyzed the relationship between non-permanent, part-time and non-typical work and insomnia among Korean wage workers, and investigated the differences and interactions between different work patterns.

Methods

The Fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey was used in this study. Non-regular work patterns were classified into 7 types: type 1, sole non-permanent; type 2, sole part-time; type 3, sole non-typical; type 4, part-time-non-typical; type 5, non-permanent-non-typical; type 6, non-permanent-part-time; type 7, all inclusive. Insomnia was measured on a scale from “normal sleep” to “insomnia” based on the 3-item Minimal Insomnia Symptom Scale. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the association between non-regular work patterns and insomnia among wage workers.

Results

After multivariate adjustment, a significantly increased odds ratio (OR) for insomnia was found in types 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 of non-regular work patterns compared to regular work patterns. After stratification for shift and night work, the OR of the group with shift and night work was higher than that of the group without shift and night work.

Conclusions

Insomnia was significantly associated with non-regular work patterns. This association was prominent in workers with shifts and night work. This finding suggests that proper work patterns may be needed to reduce the risk of insomnia among Korean wage workers and workers who initially had insomnia should consider these results before placement.

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Association between depressive symptoms and employment type of Korean workers: the Fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey
Yun-Jung Yang, Jihye Lee
BMC Public Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Telecommuting-related health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea: a national population-based cross-sectional study
Seung-Woo Ryoo, Jin-Young Min, Dong-Wook Lee, Baek-Yong Choi, Juho Choi, Ho-Yeon Kim, Kyoung-Bok Min
BMC Public Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between Workers’ Anxiety over Technological Automation and Sleep Disturbance: Results from a Nationally Representative Survey
Seong-Uk Baek, Jin-Ha Yoon, Jong-Uk Won
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(16): 10051. CrossRef
Health-Related Productivity Loss According to Health Conditions among Workers in South Korea
Dong-Wook Lee, Jongin Lee, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, Mo-Yeol Kang
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(14): 7589. CrossRef

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Research Article

The association between effort-reward imbalance, work-life balance and depressive mood in Korean wage workers: The 4th Korean Working Conditions Survey: Hyun-mook Lim, Cham-jin Park, Ji-hoo Yook, Min-seok Kim, Ho-yeon Kim, Yun-Chul Hong; Ann Occup Environ Med 2021;33:e2. Published online January 25, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2021.33.e2

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background

This study was conducted to determine the association between work-life (WL) balance, effort-reward (ER) imbalance, and depressive mood in Korean wage workers when 2 models were considered simultaneously.

Methods

We analyzed 26,014 Korean workers including 13,471 men and 12,543 women from the 4th Korean Working Conditions Survey data. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the association between WL, ER status, and the depressive mood of Korean workers. We classified the subjects into a total of 4 groups as follows. Group 1: WL and ER status are both “balanced”, group 2: WL status is “imbalanced” and ER status is “balanced”, group 3: WL status is “balanced” and the ER status is “imbalanced”, group 4: WL and ER status are both “imbalanced.”

Results

We found significantly increased odds ratios (ORs) for depressive mood in groups 2, 3, and 4 compared with group 1 after adjusting for the general and occupational characteristics of the subjects in both men and women. We also found that the trend of ORs increased gradually from groups 2 to 4 compared with group 1 in both men and women; group 2: OR: 1.23 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12–1.35), group 3: OR: 1.40 (95% CI: 1.27–1.55), group 4: OR: 1.99 (95% CI: 1.74–2.28) compared with group 1 in men; group 2: OR: 1.28 (95% CI: 1.15–1.42), group 3: OR: 1.45 (95% CI: 1.31–1.59), group 4: OR: 2.04 (95% CI: 1.76–2.36) compared with group 1 in women.

Conclusions

As a result, we found the association between imbalanced WL, ER status, and depressive mood in Korean workers using 2 models simultaneously. It is important to provide a balanced WL and ER condition to improve the mental health of workers.

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Long working hours, work-life imbalance, and poor mental health: a cross-sectional mediation analysis based on the sixth Korean Working Conditions Survey, 2020–2021
Seong-Uk Baek, Yu-Min Lee, Jin-Ha Yoon, Jong-Uk Won
Journal of Epidemiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Reciprocal longitudinal associations of supportive workplace relationships with depressive symptoms and self-rated health: A study of Korean women
Seong-Uk Baek, Jin-Ha Yoon, Jong-Uk Won
Social Science & Medicine.2023; 333: 116176. CrossRef
The role of work–family conflict in the association between long working hours and workers’ sleep disturbance and burnout: results from the sixth Korean Working Conditions Survey
Seong-Uk Baek, Jong-Uk Won, Jin-Ha Yoon
BJPsych Open.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Profiles of women who have suffered occupational accidents in cleaning: perceived health, psychosocial risks, and personality variables
Iván Fernández-Suárez, José J. López-Goñi, Begoña Haro
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health.2023; 96(2): 331. CrossRef
The Moderating Effects of Social Media Activities on the Relationship Between Effort-Reward Imbalance and Health and Wellbeing: A Case Study of the Oil and Gas Industry in Malaysia
Noreen Kanwal, Ahmad Shahrul Nizam Isha
Frontiers in Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Negative Impacts of Prolonged Standing at Work on Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Physical Fatigue: The Fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey
Hoon Jo, One-bin Lim, Yeon-Soon Ahn, Sei-jin Chang, Sang-Baek Koh
Yonsei Medical Journal.2021; 62(6): 510. CrossRef

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Research Article

The association between quality of direct supervisor's behavior and depressive mood in Korean wage workers: the 4th Korean Working Conditions Survey: Cham-Jin Park, Ji-Hoo Yook, Min-Seok Kim, Dongwook Lee, Hyun-Mook Lim, Yun-Chul Hong; Ann Occup Environ Med 2019;31:e16. Published online August 7, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2019.31.e16

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background

Workers spend most of their social lives at work and have relationships of varying nature with people in the workplace. Direct supervisors, in particular, have a direct and lasting impact on workers, which may influence workers' mental health. Depression is very prevalent worldwide, and social concern about the disease is on the rise. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of direct supervisors' behavior on the depressive mood of Korean wage workers.

Methods

We used data from the 4th Korean Working Conditions Survey held in 2014; 22,212 participants were included in the analysis. The quality of a direct supervisor's behavior was categorized from 0 (= lowest) to 5 (= highest) points. The degree of depressive mood was measured on a scale from “normal mood” to “likely depression” based on the 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5) questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the association between the quality of the direct supervisor's behavior and the depressive mood of wage workers.

Results

After multivariable adjustment, significantly increased odds ratio (OR) for likely depression was found in the 4, 3, 2, 1, and 0 points of the quality of the direct supervisor's behavior compared to 5 points. After stratification for the level of satisfaction with working conditions, the OR of the unsatisfied groups was higher than that of the satisfied groups.

Conclusions

Likely depression was found to be significantly associated with a low quality of direct supervisor's behavior. This association was stronger in workers who were not satisfied with their working conditions. This study suggests that proper management of the direct supervisor's behavior is needed to reduce the risk of depression among Korean wage workers.

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The association of job training duration and risk of depression among wage workers: an analysis of the mediating factors
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Sustainable human resource management the mediating role between work engagement and teamwork performance
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PLOS ONE.2022; 17(8): e0271134. CrossRef
The association between direct supervisor's behavior and employee presenteeism in Korean wage workers: findings from the fifth Korean Working Condition Survey
Sung Hee Lee, Joo Hyun Sung, Dae Hwan Kim, Chang Sun Sim
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Association between Self-Perceived Social Support in the Workplace and the Presence of Depressive/Anxiety Symptoms
Juyeon Oh, Seunghyun Lee, Juho Sim, Seunghan Kim, Ara Cho, Byungyoon Yun, Jin-Ha Yoon
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(19): 10330. CrossRef

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Research Article

Cardiovascular disease risk differences between bus company employees and general workers according to the Korean National Health Insurance Data: Ji-Hoo Yook, Dong-Wook Lee, Min-Seok Kim, Yun-Chul Hong; Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:32. Published online May 8, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0242-z

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background

Bus drivers are known to be highly at risk of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we assessed the cardiovascular disease prevalence of bus company employees in Seoul, South Korea, and compared the results to those of general workers.

Methods

We analyzed the 2014 Korean National Health Insurance (NHI) data and defined hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, ischemic heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease based on the KCD-6 medical diagnoses. We used bus company employees as surrogate participants of bus drivers due to the characteristics of Korean NHI data. We identified bus company employees in Seoul based on one’s workplace which the insurance is registered. The prevalence of five diseases was compared between the bus company employees and general workers. We also calculated the odds ratios (OR) of five diseases between the bus company employees and general workers. To compensate the vast demographical differences between the two groups, we performed propensity score matching.

Results

Bus company employees have higher OR for having hypertension (OR 1.33, 95% CI: 1.28–1.39), diabetes mellitus (1.14, 95% CI: 1.08–1.22), and dyslipidemia (1.23, 95% CI: 1.17–1.29) than the general workers or propensity score matched controls. However, the OR of having ischemic heart disease were not significant. The OR of cerebrovascular disease were lower in bus company employees than in the general workers after adjusting the covariates, but similar in the propensity score matched model.

Conclusion

This study showed that the ORs of cardiovascular disease risk factors are high in bus company employees when compared to the general working population. Further studies with the longitudinal design should be conducted to confirm the causal association.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

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Research Article

Mental disorders among workers in the healthcare industry: 2014 national health insurance data: Min-Seok Kim, Taeshik Kim, Dongwook Lee, Ji-hoo Yook, Yun-Chul Hong, Seung-Yup Lee, Jin-Ha Yoon, Mo-Yeol Kang; Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:31. Published online May 3, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0244-x

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background

Numerous studies have shown that healthcare professionals are exposed to psychological distress. However, since most of these studies assessed psychological distress using self-reporting questionnaires, the magnitude of the problem is largely unknown. We evaluated the risks of mood disorders, anxiety disorders, sleep disorders, and any psychiatric disorders in workers in healthcare industry using Korea National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data from 2014, which are based on actual diagnoses instead of self-evaluation.

Methods

We used Korea 2014 NHI claims data and classified employees as workers in the healthcare industry, based on companies in the NHI database that were registered with hospitals, clinics, public healthcare, and other medical services. To estimate the standardized prevalence of the selected mental health disorders, we calculated the prevalence of diseases in each age group and sex using the age distribution of the Korea population. To compare the risk of selected mental disorders among workers in the healthcare industry with those in other industries, we considered age, sex, and income quartile characteristics and conducted propensity scored matching.

Results

In the matching study, workers in healthcare industry had higher odds ratios for mood disorders (1.13, 95% CI: 1.11–1.15), anxiety disorders (1.15, 95% CI: 1.13–1.17), sleep disorders (2.21, 95% CI: 2.18–2.24), and any psychiatric disorders (1.44, 95% CI: 1.43–1.46) than the reference group did. Among workers in healthcare industry, females had higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders than males, but the odds ratios for psychiatric disorders, compared to the reference group, were higher in male workers in healthcare industry than in females.

Conclusions

The prevalence of mood disorders, anxiety disorders, sleep disorders, and all psychiatric disorders for workers in the healthcare industry was higher than that of other Korean workers. The strikingly high prevalence of sleep disorders could be related to the frequent night-shifts in these professions. The high prevalence of mental health problems among workers in healthcare industry is alarming and requires prompt action to protect the health of the “protectors.”

Citations

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Research Article

The effect of long working hours on 10-year risk of coronary heart disease and stroke in the Korean population: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), 2007 to 2013: Dong-Wook Lee, Yun-Chul Hong, Kyoung-Bok Min, Tae-Shik Kim, Min-Seok Kim, Mo-Yeol Kang; Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:64. Published online November 15, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0149-5

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background

Recently, the emergence of long working hours and the associated conditions such as coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke have gained attention. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between long working hours and the 10-year-risk of CHD and stroke, estimated by Jee’s health risk-appraisal model for ischemic heart disease.

Methods

We analyzed data from Koreans who randomly enrolled in Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–2012 and finally included 13,799 participants. The participants were classified as per their working hours: 0–30 h/week, 31–39 h/week, 40 h/week, 41–50 h/week, 51–60 h/week, 61–70 h/week, 71–80 h/week, and >80 h/week. The risks for CHD and stroke were determined using Jee’s health risk-appraisal model. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the association between working hours and 10-year risk for CHD.

Results

The 10-year risks for CHD and stroke were significantly and positively associated with working hours in both men and women. Furthermore, higher risks for CHD and stroke were associated with longer working hours in women.

Conclusion

Long working hours are significantly associated with the risks of CHD and stroke, estimated by Jee’s health risk-appraisal model. This study suggests the need for proper management of working hours to reduce CHD risk and stroke risk in the Korean population.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40557-016-0149-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Research Article

Computer use at work is associated with self-reported depressive and anxiety disorder: Taeshik Kim, Mo-Yeol Kang, Min-sang Yoo, Dongwook Lee, Yun-Chul Hong; Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:57. Published online October 13, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0146-8

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Background

With the development of technology, extensive use of computers in the workplace is prevalent and increases efficiency. However, computer users are facing new harmful working conditions with high workloads and longer hours. This study aimed to investigate the association between computer use at work and self-reported depressive and anxiety disorder (DAD) in a nationally representative sample of South Korean workers.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was based on the third Korean Working Conditions Survey (2011), and 48,850 workers were analyzed. Information about computer use and DAD was obtained from a self-administered questionnaire. We investigated the relation between computer use at work and DAD using logistic regression.

Results

The 12-month prevalence of DAD in computer-using workers was 1.46 %. After adjustment for socio-demographic factors, the odds ratio for DAD was higher in workers using computers more than 75 % of their workday (OR 1.69, 95 % CI 1.30−2.20) than in workers using computers less than 50 % of their shift. After stratifying by working hours, computer use for over 75 % of the work time was significantly associated with increased odds of DAD in 20–39, 41–50, 51–60, and over 60 working hours per week. After stratifying by occupation, education, and job status, computer use for more than 75 % of the work time was related with higher odds of DAD in sales and service workers, those with high school and college education, and those who were self-employed and employers.

Conclusions

A high proportion of computer use at work may be associated with depressive and anxiety disorder. This finding suggests the necessity of a work guideline to help the workers suffering from high computer use at work.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40557-016-0146-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

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Eunsoo Kim, Chul-Hyun Park, Hyun-Seung Lee, Mi Yeon Lee, Sung Joon Cho
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Yoon-Soo Jang, Jae-Han Lee, Na-Rae Lee, Dong-Woo Kim, June-Hee Lee, Kyung-Jae Lee
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Alessandro Gabbiadini, Giulia Paganin, Silvia Simbula
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Meng-Ting Tsou
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Ji-Woo Lee, Hyun Gug Cho, Byeong-Yeon Moon, Sang-Yeob Kim, Dong-Sik Yu
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Research Article

Association between urinary 3-phenoxybenzoic acid and body mass index in Korean adults: 1^st Korean National Environmental Health Survey: Minsang Yoo, Youn-Hee Lim, Taeshik Kim, Dongwook Lee, Yun-Chul Hong; Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:2. Published online January 13, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0079-7

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Background

According to US-EPA report, the use of pyrethrins and pyrethroids has increased during the past decade, and their area of use included not only in agricultural settings, but in commerce, and individual household. It is known that urinary 3-PBA, major metabolite of pyrethroid, have some associations with health effect in nervous and endocrine system, however, there’s no known evidence that urinary 3-PBA have associations with obesity.

Method

We used data of 3671 participants aged above 19 from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey in 2009–2011. In our analysis, multivariate piece-wise regression and logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the association between urinary 3-PBA (3-Phenoxybenzoic Acid) and BMI.

Result

Log-transformed level of urinary 3-PBA had significantly positive association with BMI at the low-level range of exposure (p < 0.0001), and opposite associations were observed at the high level exposure (p = 0.04) after adjusting covariates. In piece-wise regression analysis, the flexion point that changes direction of the associations was at around 4 ug/g creatinine of urinary 3-PBA. As quintiles based on concentration of urinary 3-PBA increased to Q4, the ORs for prevalence of overweight (BMI ≥ 23 kg/m²) were increased, and the OR of Q5 was lower than that of Q4 (OR = 1.810 for Q4; OR = 1.483 for Q5). In the analysis using obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²) as outcome variable, significant associations were observed between obesity and quintiles of 3-PBA, however, there were no differences between the OR of Q5 and that of Q4 (OR = 1.659 for Q4; OR = 1.666 for Q5).

Conclusion

Our analysis suggested that low-level of pyrethroid exposure has positive association with BMI, however, there is an inverse relationship above the urinary 3-PBA level at 4 ug/g creatinine.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40557-015-0079-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Research Article

Effect of maternal job strain during pregnancy on infant neurodevelopment by gender at 6 and 12 months: Mothers and Children’s Environmental Health (MOCEH) study: Eunjeong Kim, HyeSook Park, Yun-Chul Hong, Mina Ha, Yangho Kim, Bo-Eun Lee, Eun-Hee Ha; Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:8. Published online March 20, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0059-y

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Objectives

Limited evidence is available regarding the association between prenatal job strain and infant neurodevelopment. Most studies used stress indicators other than job strain to explain the relationship between prenatal maternal stress and child development. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between maternal job strain during pregnancy and neurodevelopment in infancy.

Methods

Mothers and Children’s Environmental Health (MOCEH) study, an on-going prospective birth cohort study, has been conducted in South Korea since 2006. Job strain during pregnancy was measured using Korean version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). Infant neurodevelopment was assessed using Korean Bayley Scale of Infant Development II (K-BSID-II) at 6 and 12 months of age. A total of 343 mother-child pairs that completed JCQ and K-BSID-II more than once were included. Mental Developmental Index (MDI) and Psychomotor Developmental Index (PDI) defined in the K-BSID-II were used as outcome variables.

Results

Compared to infants from mothers with low job strain, significant (p < 0.05) decreases in PDI were found in infants from mothers with active and passive job at 6 months of age. After stratification by infant sex, boys in the high strain group had a lower MDI score than boys in the low job strain group at 12 months. On the other hand, girls in the high strain and active groups had higher MDI scores than girls in the low job strain group at 12 months. PDI at 12 months also showed different results by sex. Boys in the high strain and passive job groups had lower PDI scores than boys in the low job strain group. However, such difference was not observed in girls.

Conclusions

The findings of this study suggest that prenatal job strain affects infant neurodevelopment in a gender-dependent manner.

Citations

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