Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Original Article

The relationship between skeletal muscle mass and the KOSHA cardiovascular risk in obese male workers: Hyo Won Chong, JunSeok Son, Changho Chae, Changho Jae; Ann Occup Environ Med 2023;35:e40. Published online October 4, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2023.35.e40

Abstract Abstract in Korean PDF PubReader ePub: Background
Efforts for the prevention and management of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in workers have been actively pursued. Obesity is one of the important risk factors related to CVDs. Obesity has various metabolic characteristics, and some individuals can be metabolically healthy. Body composition including skeletal muscle mass is known to have protective effect in obesity. The study aims to investigate the association between skeletal muscle mass and Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA) CVD risk among obese male manufacturing workers in Korea and to identify appropriate indicators of skeletal muscle mass for predicting risk of CVDs.
Methods
The study was conducted on 2,007 obese male workers at a manufacturing industry aged more than 19 years. Skeletal muscle mass, skeletal muscle index (SMI), skeletal muscle mass percent (SMM%) and skeletal muscle to body fat ratio (MFR) were used to evaluate body composition and these indicators were divided into quartiles. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the KOSHA CVD risk groups according to quartiles of skeletal muscle mass indicators were estimated using ordinal logistic regression analysis.
Results
The OR for the KOSHA CVD risk groups in the highest quartile of SMI was 1.67 (95% CI: 1.42–1.92), while the ORs for the KOSHA CVD risk groups in the highest quartiles of SMM%, SMM/body mass index (BMI), and MFR were 0.47 (95% CI: 0.22–0.72), 0.51 (95% CI: 0.05–0.76), and 0.48 (95% CI: 0.23–0.74), respectively.
Conclusions
We found that high SMI increase the likelihood of high risk of CVDs, while high SMM%, SMM/BMI, and MFR lower the likelihood of high risk of CVDs. Accurate evaluation of skeletal muscle mass can help assess the cardiovascular risk in obese male workers.; 비만 남성 근로자에서 골격근량과 KOSHA 심혈관질환 위험도와의 연관성
목적
근로자의 심혈관질환의 예방과 사후관리를 위한 노력이 활발이 이루어지고 있다. 비만은 심혈관질환과 관련한 중요한 위험인자로 알려져 있다. 비만은 다양한 대사 특성을 나타내며 일부는 대사적으로 건강하다. 기전 중 하나로 골격근량을 포함한 체성분 구성의 대사적 보호 효과가 알려져 있다. 본 연구를 통해 국내 제조업 비만 남성 근로자를 대상으로 골격근량과 KOSHA 심혈관질환 위험도 간의 연관성을 확인하고, 심혈관질환 위험도를 예측할 수 있는 적절한 골격근량 지표를 확인하고자 하였다.
방법
제조업에 근무하는 19세 이상의 비만 남성 근로자 2,007명을 대상으로 연구를 진행하였다. 체성분을 평가하기 위해 골격근량, skeletal muscle index (SMI), skeletal muscle mass percent (SMM%) 및 skeletal muscle to body fat ratio (MFR) 지표를 사용하였으며 4분위수로 나누었다. 순서형 로지스틱 회귀분석을 시행하여 골격근량 지표의 사분위수에 대한 KOSHA 심혈관질환 위험도의 교차비와 95% 신뢰구간을 산출하였다.
결과
순서형 로지스틱 회귀분석을 시행한 결과, SMI 의 높은 사분위수에서 심혈관질환 위험군의 교차비는 1.67 (95% CI, 1.42-1.92) 으로 나타났다. SMM%, SMM/BMI 및 MFR 의 높은 사분위수에서 MHO 군의 심혈관질환 위험군의 교차비는 각각 0.47 (95% CI, 0.22-0.72), 0.51 (95% CI, 0.05-0.76), 및 0.48 (95% CI, 0.23-0.74) 으로 나타났다.
결론
본 연구에서 높은 SMI 에서 KOSHA 심혈관질환 위험도가 높게 나타날 가능성이 높으며, 높은 SMM%, SMM/BMI 및 MFR 에서 KOSHA 심혈관질환 위험도가 높게 나타날 가능성이 낮았다. 정확한 골격근량의 평가는 비만 남성 근로자의 심혈관질환 위험도를 가늠하는데 도움이 될 것으로 보인다.

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Original Article

Association between hearing loss and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein: the Kangbuk Samsung Cohort Study: Jihoon Kim, Yesung Lee, Eunhye Seo, Daehoon Kim, Jaehong Lee, Youshik Jeong, Seonghyun Kwon, Jinsook Jeong, Woncheol Lee; Ann Occup Environ Med 2023;35:e38. Published online September 11, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2023.35.e38

Abstract Abstract in Korean PDF PubReader ePub: Background
Hearing loss (HL) is linked to an elevated risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The pathogeneses of HL and CVD commonly involve inflammatory responses. Previous studies investigated elevated levels of inflammatory biomarkers in subjects with HL, however, their findings did not demonstrate statistical significance. In our cross-sectional and longitudinal study, we investigated the correlation between HL and increased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels to determine how HL is associated with CVDs.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study with workers aged over 18 years who underwent health check-ups at our institution between 2012 and 2018 (n = 566,507), followed by conducting a longitudinal study of workers aged > 18 who underwent health checkups at least twice at our institution between 2012 and 2018 (n = 173,794). The definition of HL was as an average threshold of ≥ 20 dB in pure-tone air conduction at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 kHz in both ears. The incidence of increased hsCRP levels throughout the follow-up period was defined as a level exceeding 3 mg/L. Logistic regression and generalized estimating equations were performed to estimate the risk of increased hsCRP levels according to the occurrence of HL in groups stratified by age.
Results
In the cross-sectional study, the multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 1.17 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–1.34); the OR was 0.99 (95% CI: 0.80–1.22) in those under 40 and 1.28 (1.08–1.53) in those over 40. In the longitudinal study, the multivariable-adjusted OR was 1.05 (95% CI: 0.92–1.19); the OR was 1.10 (95% CI: 0.90–1.35) in those under 40 and 1.20 (1.01–1.43) in those over 40.
Conclusions
This cross-sectional and longitudinal study identified an association between HL and increased hsCRP levels in workers aged over 40 years.; 청력손실과 고감도 C-반응단백의 연관성
목적
청력손실은 심혈관질환 발생 및 사망률 증가와 관련 있다. 청력손실과 심혈관질환의 병인은 공통으로 염증반응을 포함한다. 몇몇 연구에서 청력손실 환자의 염증성 바이오마커 수치가 증가했음을 연구하였으나 유의하지 않은 결과를 제시하였다. 따라서 본 단면연구 및 종단연구에서는 청력손실이 심혈관질환과 어떠한 관련성이 있는지 알아보기 위해 청력손실과 염증성 바이오마커인 고감도 C-반응단백의 연관성을 연구하였다.
방법
2012년부터 2018년까지 우리 기관에서 건강검진을 받은 18세 이상의 근로자를 대상으로 단면연구를 수행하였다 (n=566,507). 이후 2012년부터 2018년까지 우리 기관에서 건강검진을 2회 이상 받은 18세 이상의 근로자를 대상으로 종단연구를 수행하였다 (n=173,794). 청력손실은 3분법에 의한 순음청력역치가 양측 모두 20 dB 이상인 경우로 정의하였다. 추적관찰 동안 고감도 C-반응단백의 증가는 혈중 농도 3 mg/L 초과인 경우로 정의하였다. 청력손실 발생에 따른 고감도 C-반응단백 증가의 위험을 분석하기 위해 로지스틱 회귀분석과 일반화 추정방정식을 활용하였다. 또한 연령에 따라 계층화하여 추가적인 분석을 하였다.
결과
단면연구에서 최종참가자 204,091명 중 난청 유병률은 0.02% 이었다. 다변량 보정 교차비는 1.17 (95% 신뢰구간 1.02-1.34) 이었다. 40세 이하와 초과인 군에서는 각각 0.99 (0.80-1.22) 와 1.28 (1.08-1.53) 이었다. 종단연구에서 추적관찰 동안 고감도 C-반응단백 수치는 청력손실군 2,349 명 중 272 명, 비청력손실군 116,301명 중 11,049 명에서 증가하였다. 다변수 보정 교차비는 1.05 (95% 신뢰구간 0.92-1.19) 이었다. 40세 이하와 초과인 군에서는 각각 1.10 (0.90-1.35) 과 1.20 (1.01-1.43) 이었다.
결론
본 단면연구 및 종단연구에서는 40세 초과하는 근로자에서 청력손실과 고감도 C-반응단백의 증가에 유의한 연관성이 있음을 확인하였다.

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Original Article

Comparing Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency and National Health Insurance Service’s cardio-cerebrovascular diseases risk-assessment tools using data from one hospital’s health checkups: Yunrae Cho, Dong Geon Kim, Byung-Chan Park, Seonhee Yang, Sang Kyu Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2023;35:e35. Published online August 21, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2023.35.e35

Abstract Abstract in Korean PDF PubReader ePub: Background
Cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most common cause of death worldwide. Various CVD risk assessment tools have been developed. In South Korea, the Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency (KOSHA) and the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) have provided CVD risk assessments with health checkups. Since 2018, the KOSHA guide has stated that NHIS CVD risk assessment tool could be used as an alternative of KOSHA assessment tool for evaluating CVD risk of workers. The objective of this study was to determine the correlation and agreement between the KOSHA and the NHIS CVD risk assessment tools.
Methods
Subjects of this study were 17,485 examinees aged 20 to 64 years who had undergone medical examinations from January 2021 to December 2021 at a general hospital. We classified subjects into low-risk, moderate-risk, high-risk, and highest-risk groups according to KOSHA and NHIS’s CVD risk assessment tools. We then compared them with cross-analysis, Spearman correlation analysis, and linearly weighted kappa coefficient.
Results
The correlation between KOSHA and NHIS tools was statistically significant (p-value < 0.001), with a correlation coefficient of 0.403 and a kappa coefficient of 0.203. When we compared risk group distribution using KOSHA and NHIS tools, CVD risk of 6,498 (37.1%) participants showed a concordance. Compared to the NHIS tool, the KOSHA tool classified 9,908 (56.7%) participants into a lower risk category and 1,079 (6.2%) participants into a higher risk category.
Conclusions
In this study, KOSHA and NHIS tools showed a moderate correlation with a fair agreement. The NHIS tool showed a tendency to classify participants to higher CVD risk group than the KOSHA tool. To prevent CVD more effectively, a higher estimation tool among verified CVD risk assessment methods should be selected and managements such as early intervention and treatment of risk factors should be performed targeting the high-risk group.; 일개 병원 건강검진 자료를 이용한 한국산업안전보건공단과 건강보험공단의 심뇌혈관질환 위험도 평가의 비교
목적
심뇌혈관질환은 전 세계적으로 가장 많은 사망원인으로, 국내외에서 다양한 위험도 예측모형이 개발되었다. 국내에서는 한국산업안전보건공단의 뇌심혈관계질환 발병위험도 평가와 건강보험공단의 심뇌혈관질환 위험 평가가 있으며, 국가건강검진과 함께 제공되고 있다. 한국산업안전보건공단은 2018년부터 건강보험공단의 심뇌혈관질환 위험 평가의 결과를 평가에 이용할 수 있도록 하고 있어, 두가지 위험도 평가도구를 비교하고 그 상관관계와 일치도를 확인하고자 하였다.
방법
이 연구는 경주의 일개 종합병원에서 2021년 1월부터 12월까지 건강검진을 시행한 17,485명의 수검자를 대상으로 하였다. 건강검진 결과를 이용하여 한국산업안전보건공단와 건강보험공단의 지침에 따라 위험도 평가를 실시하였으며, 저위험군, 중등도위험군, 고위험군, 최고위험군으로 분류하였다. 이후 각각의 위험도 평가에 따른 위험군에 대하여 교차분석 및 스피어만 상관분석, 그리고 선형가중카파를 이용한 일치도 분석을 실시하였다.
결과
한국산업안전보건공단과 건강보험공단의 위험도 평가도구의 상관관계와 일치도는 통계적으로 유의하게 나타났고(p-value < 0.001), 상관계수는 0.403, 카파계수는 0.203으로 나타났다. 두가지 도구의 위험군 분포를 비교하였을 때, 6,498명(37.2%)는 동일한 위험군으로 평가되었다. 건강보험공단의 도구에서 더 높은 위험군으로 평가한 경우는 9,908명(56.7%), 한국산업안전보건공단의 도구에서 더 높은 위험군으로 평가한 경우는 1,079명(6.2%)로 나타났다.
결론
이 연구에서 한국산업안전보건공단과 건강보험공단의 위험도 평가도구는 중간정도의 상관관계와 어느정도의 일치도를 보였다. 두가지 도구 중 한가지만 사용할 경우에는 도구와 수검자의 특성에 따른 신중한 선택이 필요하다. 두가지 도구 중 건강보험공단의 도구가 더 높은 위험군으로 평가하는 경향을 보였다. 검증된 두가지 도구 중 더 높은 위험군으로 평가하는 쪽을 선택함으로써 위험요인을 조기에 발견하고 관리한다면 심뇌혈관질환의 효과적인 예방에 도움이 될 것이다.

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Special Issue

Statement by the Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Medicine on the proposed reform of working hours in South Korea: Hee-Tae Kang, Chul-Ju Kim, Dong-Wook Lee, Seung-Gwon Park, Jinwoo Lee, Kanwoo Youn, Hwan-Cheol Kim, Kyoung Sook Jeong, Hansoo Song, Sung-Kyung Kim, Sang-Baek Koh; Ann Occup Environ Med 2023;35:e17. Published online July 5, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2023.35.e17

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

The current 52-hour workweek in South Korea consists of 40 hours of regular work and 12 hours of overtime. Although the average working hours in South Korea is declining, it is still 199 hours longer than the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development average of 1,716 hours per year. In view to this, the South Korean government has now proposed to reform the workweek, mainly intending to increase the workweek to 69 hours when the workload is heavy. This reform, by increasing the labor intensity due to long working hours, goes against the global trend of reducing work hours for a safe and healthy working environment. Long working hours can lead to increased cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases, industrial accidents, mental health problems, and safety accidents due to lack of concentration. In conclusion, the Korean government’s working hour reform plan can have a negative impact on workers’ health, and therefore it should be thoroughly reviewed and modified.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

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Original Article

Association between shift work and serum homocysteine level in female electronic manufacturing services workers: Jae Won Lim, Chan Woo Kim, Hyoung Ouk Park, Eui Yup Chung, Changho Chae, JunSeok Son, Young Hoo Shin, Seung Hyun Park, Sang Moon Choi; Ann Occup Environ Med 2023;35:e4. Published online March 10, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2023.35.e4

Abstract Abstract in Korean PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background

Shift work has been shown to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) based on several evidences. The classic risk factors of CVD include age, hypertension, smoking, obesity and diabetes. Recently, the serum homocysteine level has been reported to be a valuable indicator of CVD risk. This study aimed to determine the variation in serum homocysteine level as a cardiovascular risk indicator among female workers according to shift work.

Methods

The data of regular health examination of workers at an electronic manufacturing services company in Yeongnam region, South Korea in 2019 were examined in this study. The investigation was based on a cross-sectional study conducted on 697 female workers (199 day workers and 498 shift workers). The sociodemographic and biochemical characteristics were compared between day workers and shift workers. Through a logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio (OR) of the increased serum homocysteine level in relation to shift work was determined.

Results

Compared to female day workers, female shift workers showed significantly higher level of serum homocysteine (8.85 ± 2.16 vs. 9.42 ± 2.04 μmol/mL; p = 0.001). The OR of day workers against shift workers was 1.81 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25–2.63). With the adjustment of variables that may influence the level of serum homocysteine, the adjusted OR was 1.68 (95% CI: 1.09–2.60).

Conclusions

The serum homocysteine level was significantly higher in shift workers than in day workers. It is thus likely to be a useful predictor of CVD in shift workers.

전자제조서비스업 회사의 여성 근로자에서 교대근무와 혈청 호모시스테인 수준과의 연관성
목적
교대근무가 심혈관계질환의 발병위험도를 증가시킨다는 여러 증거들이 있다. 심혈관계질환의 고전적 위험인자로는 나이, 고혈압, 흡연, 비만, 이상지질, 당뇨병 등이 있으며, 최근 혈청 호모시스테인 수치는 심혈관계 질환의 위험도 지표로 유용한 것으로 알려지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 여성 근로자에서 교대근무 여부에 따라 심혈관계 질환의 위험도 지표인 혈청 호모시스테인의 수준 차이가 있는지를 알아보고자 하였다.
방법
본 연구는 2019년 영남지방의 한 전자제조서비스업회사 근로자의 정기건강검진 자료를 이용하여 수행하였다. 총 697명의 여성근로자(주간근무자 199명, 교대근무자 498명)의 데이터로 단면연구를 수행하였다. 주간 근무자와 교대근무자의 인구사회학적, 생화학적 특성을 비교하였다. 로지스틱 회귀분석을 사용하여 교대근무와 상승된 혈청 호모시스테인 수치의 교차비를 조사하였다.
결과
여성 주간 근로자와 비교하여 여성 교대근무자의 혈청 호모시스테인 수치가 통계적으로 유의하게 더 높았다. (8.85 ± 2.16 vs 9.42 ± 2.04 μmol/ml ; p=0.001). 교대근무자에 비해 주간 근무자의 교차비는 1.81(95% CI : 1.25-2.63) 였으며, 혈청 호모시스테인 수치에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 변수를 보정한 후, 수정된 OR은 1.68(95% CI : 1.09-2.60) 이었다.
결론
혈청 호모시스테인 수치는 주간 근무자에 비해 교대근무자에서 통계적으로 유의하게 높았다. 교대근로자의 심혈관계 질환 발병의 예측에 있어 혈청 호모시스테인 수치가 유용하겠다.

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Dietary habits of night shift workers: A reason or an excuse for poor nutrition
Svetlana Anđelković, Maja Babić
Srpski medicinski casopis Lekarske komore.2024; 5(1): 75. CrossRef

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Original Article

Overall and cardiovascular mortality according to 10-year cardiovascular risk of the general health checkup: the Kangbuk Samsung Cohort Study: Youshik Jeong, Yesung Lee, Eunchan Mun, Eunhye Seo, Daehoon Kim, Jaehong Lee, Jinsook Jeong, Woncheol Lee; Ann Occup Environ Med 2022;34:e40. Published online November 23, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2022.34.e40

Abstract Abstract in Korean PDF PubReader ePub

Background

According to the occupational accident status analysis in 2020, of 1,180 occupational deaths, 463 were caused by cardiovascular disease (CVD). Workers should be assessed for CVD risk at regular intervals to prevent work-related CVD in accordance with the rules on occupational safety and health standards. However, no previous study has addressed risk and mortality. Therefore, this longitudinal study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between 10-year cardiovascular risk of the general health checkup and mortality.

Methods

The study included 545,859 participants who visited Kangbuk Samsung Total Healthcare Centers from January 1, 2002, to December 31, 2017. We performed 10-year cardiovascular risk assessment for the participants and the risk was divided into 4 groups (low, moderate, high, and very high). The study used death data from the Korea National Statistical Office for survival status as an outcome variable by December 31, 2019, and the cause of death based on the International Classification of Diseases, 10^th Revision (ICD-10) was identified. Statistical analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, and the sum of the periods from the first visit to the date of death or December 31, 2019, was used as a time scale. We also performed a stratified analysis for age at baseline and sex.

Results

During 5,253,627.9 person-years, 4,738 overall deaths and 654 cardiovascular deaths occurred. When the low-risk group was set as a reference, in the multivariable-adjusted model, the hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence interval [CI]) for overall mortality were 3.36 (2.87–3.95) in the moderate-risk group, 11.08 (9.27–13.25) in the high-risk group, and 21.20 (17.42–25.79) in the very-high-risk group, all of which were statistically significant. In cardiovascular deaths, the difference according to the risk classification was more pronounced. The HRs (95% CI) were 8.57 (4.95–14.83), 38.95 (21.77–69.69), and 78.81 (42.62–145.71) in each group. As a result of a subgroup analysis by age and sex, the HRs of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality tended to be higher in the high-risk group.

Conclusions

This large-scale longitudinal study confirmed that the risk of death increases with the 10-year cardiovascular risk of general health checkup.

일반건강검진 10년 심뇌혈관질환 발병 위험도에 따른 사망률: 강북삼성 코호트 연구
목적
한국산업안전보건공단(KOSHA)의 2020년도 산업재해 현황 분석에 따르면 2020년도 업무상 질병 사망자 1,180명 중 심뇌혈관질환으로 인한 사망자는 463명으로 높은 비중을 차지하였다. 근로자는 산업안전보건기준에 관한 규칙에 의거하여 작업 관련 심뇌혈관질환 예방을 위해 정해진 주기에 따라 뇌심혈관질환 발병 위험도 평가 및 사후 관리를 받아야 한다. 하지만 발병 위험도와 사망률에 대한 기존 연구는 없었다. 따라서 이번 종단 연구는 일반건강검진 10년 심뇌혈관질환 발병 위험도와 사망률 간의 관계를 평가하기 위해 수행되었다.
방법
연구는 2002년 1월 1일부터 2017년 12월 31일까지 강북삼성병원 종합건진센터에 방문한 545,859명의 수검자들을 대상으로 이루어졌다. 연구 대상자들은 KOSHA 가이드라인에 따라 저위험군, 중등도위험군, 고위험군, 최고위험군 총 4개의 군으로 분류되었다. 연구는 강북삼성병원 코호트 자료와 연계된 통계청 사망자료를 이용하여 사망 여부와 사망원인을 확인하였다. 2019년 12월 31일까지의 사망 여부를 확인하여 결과변수로 정했고, 사망원인은 국제질병분류(ICD-10)를 기반으로 확인하였다. 통계 분석은 Cox 회귀 분석으로 하였고, 첫 방문부터 사망일 혹은 2019년 12월 31일까지의 기간들의 합산을 시간 척도로 사용하였다. 또한 나이와 성별에 대해 층화분석을 시행하였다.
결과
추적 관찰 기간 중앙값 9.07년 및 총 5,253,627.9인년 동안 발생한 전체 사망자는 4,738명, 심뇌혈관계 사망자는 654명이었다. 저위험군을 기준으로 하였을 때, 다변수 보정 모형에서 전체 사망의 위험비(HR)(95% 신뢰구간)는 중등도위험군에서 3.36 (2.87-3.95), 고위험군에서 11.08 (9.27-13.25), 최고위험군에서 21.20 (17.42-25.79)으로 통계적으로 유의했다. 심뇌혈관계 사망의 위험비는 각각의 군에서 8.57 (4.95-14.83), 38.95 (21.77-69.69), 78.81 (42.62-145.71)로 차이가 더 두드러지는 것으로 관찰되었다. 또한 나이와 성별의 층화분석을 시행하였을 때도 고위험군에서 전체 사망률과 심뇌혈관계 사망률이 더 높은 경향을 보였다.
결론
이번 대규모 종단 연구를 통해서 일반건강검진 10년 심뇌혈관질환 발병 위험도가 높을수록 실제 사망 위험이 증가한다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

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The Association Between Blood Lead Levels and Coronary Artery Calcium Score Determined by Using Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography
Eunyoung Park, Suwhan Kim, Seunghyeon Cho, Hyeonjun Kim, Inho Jung, Jai-Dong Moon, Won-Ju Park
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

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Original Article

Association between shift work and inflammatory markers in workers at an electronics manufacturing company: Sung-Joon Woo, Chang-Ho Chae, Jae-Won Lim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2022;34:e35. Published online November 7, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2022.34.e35

Abstract Abstract in Korean PDF PubReader ePub

Background

Shift work is known to be associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). It has been found that inflammatory reactions are involved in the onset and progression of CVD. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the association between shift work and inflammatory markers.

Methods

Among workers at an electronics manufacturing company, 2,329 workers who had a health checkup from January 2019 to December 2019 were targeted. The general and biochemical characteristics of daytime workers and shift workers were compared through the Independent-test and the χ² test. Through multiple linear regression analysis, the association with shift work and inflammatory markers was investigated. Through multiple logistic regression analysis, the association with shift work and high inflammatory markers

Results

The mean total leukocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes of shift workers were significantly higher than those of daytime worker. The mean high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) of shift workers was also higher than that of daytime workers but not significantly. In multiple linear regression, shift work was associated with increase of total leukocyte count (β = 0.367, p < 0.001) and hs-CRP (β = 0.140, p = 0.005) after adjusting for all variables. In multiple logistic regression analysis, shift work showed 2.27 times risk of high leukocyte count and 1.8 times risk of high hs-CRP level compared to daytime work after adjusting for all variables.

Conclusions

This study confirmed that shift work is associated with high inflammatory markers. Considering that high inflammatory markers is independent indicator of CVD, the association between shift work and high inflammatory markers may help to understand the CVD risk of shift workers.

일개 전자제품 제조업 근로자에서 교대근무와 염증 표지자의 연관성
목적
교대근무는 심혈관 질환과 관련이 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 염증반응이 심혈관질환의 발병과 진행에 관여하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 교대근무와 염증표지와의 연관성을 조사하는 것이었다..
방법
전자제품 제조업체 근로자 중 2019년 1월부터 2019년 12월까지 건강검진을 받은 근로자 2,329명을 대상으로 했다. Independent-test와 chi-square test를 통해 주간근로자와 교대근무자의 일반 및 생화학적 특성을 비교하였다. 다중선형회귀분석을 통해 교대근무와 염증표지와의 연관성을 조사하였고, 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석을 통해 교대근무와 높은 수준의 염증성 마커와의 연관성을 조사하였다.
결과
교대근무자의 평균 총 백혈구, 호중구, 단핵구, 림프구는 주간근무자에 비해 유의하게 높았다. 교대근무자의 평균 hs-CRP도 주간근무자에 비해 높았지만 유의미하지는 않았다. 다중 선형 회귀 분석에서 교대 근무는 모든 변수를 조정한 후 총 백혈구 수 증가(β = 0.367, p-value < 0.001)와 hs-CRP(β = 0.140, p-value = 0.005)와 관련이 있었다. 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석에서 교대근무는 모든 변수를 조정한 후 주간근무에 비해 높은 백혈구 수의 위험이 2.27배, 높은 hs-CRP 수준의 위험이 1.8배였다.
결론
이 연구는 교대 근무가 높은 염증 지표와 관련이 있다는 것을 확인 하였다. 높은 염증 지표는 심혈관 질환의 독립적인 지표라는 점을 고려할 때 교대 근무와 높은 염증 지표 사이의 연관성은 교대 근무자의 CVD 위험을 이해하는 데 도움이 될 수 있다.

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Current perspective on circadian function of the kidney
Jazmine I. Benjamin, David M. Pollock
American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology.2024; 326(3): F438. CrossRef

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Special Article

Standards for recognition and approval rate of occupational cerebro-cardiovascular diseases in Korea: Ui-Jin Kim, Won-Jun Choi, Seong-Kyu Kang, Wanhyung Lee, Seunghon Ham, Junhyeong Lee, Yongho Lee, Eunseun Han, Sanghyuk Lee, Yongkyu Kim, Inah Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2022;34:e30. Published online October 25, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2022.34.e30

Abstract Abstract in Korean PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background

Although working hours have decreased in Korea, they are still high compared to that of other countries. In Korea, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CCVDs) related to overwork in Korea continually occur, and the social burden from overwork is estimated to be high. This study investigated the amendment of regulations affecting the approval rate of occupational CCVDs.

Methods

The change in approval rate of occupational CCVDs and related regulations were investigated using the Act and public notice on the standards for recognition of occupational CCVDs and the yearbooks of the Ministry of Employment and Labor. The CCVD mortality was estimated using data on the number of deaths according to the cause of death, the number of employed people, and resident registration population aged 15–64 years. The cumulative mortality of CCVDs was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method.

Results

Since the establishment of the standards for recognition in Korea in 1982, the scope of occupational diseases has been expanded to include intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, myocardial infarction, and aortic dissection. In 2013, the concept of working hours was introduced in chronic overwork. The approval rate of occupational CCVDs was 44.7% in 2006, which decreased to 12.9% in 2011. After the improvement of related regulations, the approval rate increased to 41.3% in 2018. From 2000 to 2017, the CCVD mortality of both the unemployed and employed tended to decrease, and their cumulative CCVD mortalities were 549.3 and 319.7 per 100,000 people, respectively.

Conclusions

CCVDs are recognized as occupational diseases in Korea. The amendments to the standards for recognition, the introduction of the Occupational Disease Adjudication Committee, the principle of presumption, and the reduction of working hours have changed the approval rate of occupational CCVDs. A strategic approach is needed to further reduce the incidence of CCVDs.

한국의 직업성 뇌심혈관계 질환에 대한 연구
목적
근로기준법 개정 적용 사업장 확대로 우리나라의 근무시간은 지속적으로 감소 추세에 있으나 타 국가에 비하면 여전히 높은 수준이다. 우리나라의 과로 관련 뇌심혈관계 질환은 지속적으로 나타나고 있으며 과로로 인한 사회적 부담이 클 것으로 추정된다. 이번 연구에서는 우리나라 뇌심혈관계 질환의 업무상 질병 승인율 변화 및 관련된 제도의 변화를 요약하고자 하였다.
방법
뇌심혈관계 질환 업무상 질병 인정기준에 관한 법령 및 고시와 고용노동부 사업연보를 통해 뇌심혈관계 질환 산재 승인율 변화 및 관련 규정을 조사하였다. 국가통계포털의 사망 원인, 취업자 수 및 주민등록인구 자료를 사용하여 우리나라의 뇌심혈관계 질환 사망자수, 사망률을 조사하고 Kaplan-Meier 방법을 통해 누적사망률을 산출하였다.
결과
1982년 우리나라에서 뇌졸중과 급성심장사에 대한 업무상 질병 인정기준이 제정된 이후 수차례 개정을 거쳐 인정 대상 질병 범위가 뇌실질내출혈, 지주막하출혈, 뇌경색, 심근경색증, 해리성대동맥류로 확대되었다. 2013년 만성과로 인정기준에 근무시간 개념이 도입되었다. 뇌심혈관계 질환 업무상 질병 승인율은 2006년 44.7%였다가 2011년 12.9%건까지 감소하였다. 제도적인 개선 후 승인율은 2018년 41.3%까지 증가하였다. 2000년부터 2017년까지 뇌심혈관계 질환 사망률은 미취업자 및 취업자 모두에서 감소하는 경향을 보였으며 이 기간 동안 미취업자 및 취업자의 뇌심혈관계 질환 누적사망률은 각각 10만 명당 549.3명 및 319.7명이었다.
결론
우리나라는 뇌심혈관계 질환을 업무상 질병으로 받아들이고 있다. 뇌심혈관계 질환 업무상 질병 승인율은 업무상 질병 인정기준 개정, 업무상질병판정위원회 제도 도입, 추정의 원칙 도입 및 평균 근무시간 감소 등에 의해서 변동되었다. 뇌심혈관계 질환은 그 경제적 부담이 크고 예방 가능한 질환으로 지속적인 예방 사업 등 발병 예방을 위한 전략적 접근이 필요하다.

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Research Article

Association of discrimination and presenteeism with cardiovascular disease: the Fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey: Kyusung Kim, Sung-il Cho, Domyung Paek; Ann Occup Environ Med 2019;31:e28. Published online October 11, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2019.31.e28

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Background

Discrimination is a representative social determinant of health. Presenteeism is defined as presenting to work despite of illness and is an indicator of group health. We investigated the association of discrimination and presenteeism with cardiovascular disease using Korean data.

Methods

This study used the fourth Korea Working Conditions Survey (2014) data of 27,662 wage workers (employees). Presenteeism and discrimination related to age, sex, education, birth region, and employment type were ascertained. Self-reported cardiovascular disease was also assessed using the survey questionnaire. General and occupational characteristics found to be significant in univariate analyses were entered into a multivariate logistic regression analysis of the association of discrimination and presenteeism with cardiovascular disease. We also calculated the odds ratios of multiple discriminations and/or presenteeism for cardiovascular disease.

Results

In the univariate analyses, sex, age, education, monthly income, employment type, occupation, hours worked per week, workplace scale, and shift work were significantly associated with cardiovascular disease. A multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for general and occupational characteristics showed that discrimination and presenteeism were significantly associated with cardiovascular disease. Finally, the association with cardiovascular disease was strongest when both multiple discriminations and presenteeism were present.

Conclusions

Discrimination and presenteeism are associated with cardiovascular disease, and this association was stronger in the presence of multiple types of discrimination and presenteeism.

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The effect of occupational coping self-efficacy on presenteeism among ICU nurses in Chinese public hospitals: a cross-sectional study
Jijun Wu, Yuxin Li, Qin Lin, Jiquan Zhang, Zhenfan Liu, Xiaoli Liu, Xian Rong, Xiaoli Zhong
Frontiers in Psychology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Sickness Presenteeism in Shift and Non-Shift Nurses: Using the Fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey
Ari Min, Minkyung Kang, Hye Chong Hong
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(6): 3236. CrossRef

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Research Article

Association between depression and cardiovascular disease risk in general population of Korea: results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2016: Jinho Song, Tae Hwan Koh, One Park, Daeil Kwon, Seonghoon Kang, Kyeongmin Kwak, Jong-Tae Park; Ann Occup Environ Med 2019;31:e10. Published online June 20, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2019.31.e10

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Background

Depression is considered as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and associated with changes in individuals' health status that might influence CVD risk. However, most studies have scrutinized this relationship on a rather narrower and specific study population. By focusing on general population of Korea, we sought to inspect the association of depression with CVD risk and cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods

The data from the first year (2016) of the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was used. Participants were classified by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score as such: normal group (PHQ-9 score 0–4), mild depression (MD) group (PHQ-9 score 5–9) and moderate and severe depression (MSD) group (PHQ-9 score 10–27). General linear model was used to analyze differences and the trend of mean CVD risk according to depression level. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) were calculated by logistic regression to identify the association between depression and cardiovascular risk factors after adjusting for age.

Results

Mean CVD risk of MSD group was higher than that of normal group (p < 0.05). There was a tendency of CVD risk to increase as depression worsened (p < 0.01). Among men, MSD group was associated with current smoking (AOR, 2.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.78–4.97), taking antihypertensive medications (AOR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.26–4.66), increased fasting blood sugar (> 125 mg/dL; AOR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.25–4.50) and taking diabetes medications (AOR, 3.08; 95% CI, 1.65–5.72). MD group was associated with current smoking (AOR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.18–2.17). Among women, MSD group was associated with high body mass index (≥ 25 kg/m²; AOR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.11–2.32), large waist circumference (≥ 85 cm; AOR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.12–2.37), current smoking (AOR, 5.11; 95% CI, 3.07–8.52) and taking diabetes medications (AOR, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.68–4.08). MD group was associated with current smoking (AOR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.18–2.93).

Conclusions

We suggest that depression is associated with increased risk for CVD occurrence in general population of Korea.

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A Potential Role for MAGI-1 in the Bi-Directional Relationship Between Major Depressive Disorder and Cardiovascular Disease
Priyanka Banerjee, Khanh Chau, Sivareddy Kotla, Eleanor L. Davis, Estefani Berrios Turcios, Shengyu Li, Zhang Pengzhi, Guangyu Wang, Gopi Krishna Kolluru, Abhishek Jain, John P. Cooke, Junichi Abe, Nhat-Tu Le
Current Atherosclerosis Reports.2024; 26(9): 463. CrossRef
Awareness and related factors of depressive symptoms in breastfeeding people in South Korea: a survey-based cross-sectional study
Jiyoung Song, Eunwon Lee
BMJ Open.2023; 13(7): e068282. CrossRef
Depression and cardiovascular risk in primary care patients
Stephanie A. Hooker, Patrick J. O'Connor, JoAnn M. Sperl-Hillen, A. Lauren Crain, Kris Ohnsorg, Sheryl Kane, Rebecca Rossom
Journal of Psychosomatic Research.2022; 158: 110920. CrossRef
The relationship between lifestyle risk factors and depression in Korean older adults: a moderating effect of gender
Shinuk Kim
BMC Geriatrics.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Self-Esteem as a Mediator between Life Satisfaction and Depression among Cardiovascular Disease Patients
Zeying Qin, Songli Mei, Tingting Gao, Leilei Liang, Chuanen Li, Yueyang Hu, Xinmeng Guo, Cuicui Meng, Jianping Lv, Tongshuang Yuan, Junsong Fei, Qian Tong, Yang Yang
Clinical Nursing Research.2022; 31(1): 115. CrossRef
Muscle Strength Moderates the Relationship between Nutritional Health Risk and Depression in Korean Older Adults
Jeonghyeon Kim, Seamon Kang, Haeryun Hong, Hyunsik Kang, Ju-Hyoung Kim, Sang-Koo Woo
Nutrients.2022; 14(3): 665. CrossRef
Association of Depression With Cardiovascular Diseases
Zain I Warriach, Sruti Patel, Fatima Khan, Gerardo F Ferrer
Cureus.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Research on the Influence of New Media Construction on Health Examination
姗姗郭
Nursing Science.2019; 08(06): 436. CrossRef

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Research Article

Comparison of risk-assessment tools for cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) in male shipyard workers: a cross-sectional study: Jea Chul Ha, Jun Seok Son, Young Ouk Kim, Chang Ho Chae, Chan Woo Kim, Hyoung Ouk Park, Jun Ho Lee, Young Hoo Shin, Hyun Woo Park; Ann Occup Environ Med 2019;31:e4. Published online May 23, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2019.31.e4

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Background

Periodic revision of assessment tools is essential to ensure risk assessment reliability and validity. Despite the recent revision of the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA) 2018, there is no evidence showing that the revision is superior to other cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) risk-assessment tools for workplace health management. We conducted a comparative analysis using the Framingham risk score (FRS) as a gold standard to identify the most relevant CVDs risk-assessment tool for workplace health management.

Methods

We included 4,460 shipyard workers who had undergone a workers' health examination during January–December 2016. Risk levels for CVDs were calculated based on the FRS, KOSHA 2013, KOSHA 2017, KOSHA 2018 (2 methods), National Health Screening Program health risk appraisal (NHS HRA) 2017, and NHS HRA 2018. Study participants were categorized into low-risk, moderate-risk, or high-risk groups. Sensitivity, specificity, correlation, and agreement of each risk-assessment tool were calculated compared with the FRS as a gold standard. For statistical analyses, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and the linearly weighted kappa coefficient were calculated.

Results

Sensitivity of the risk assessments was highest in the KOSHA 2018 (health risk appraisal [HRA]). The FRS showed correlation coefficients of 0.354 with the KOSHA 2013, 0.396 with the KOSHA 2017, 0.386 with the KOSHA 2018, 0.505 with the KOSHA 2018 (HRA), 0.288 with the NHS HRA 2017, and 0.622 with the NHS HRA 2018. Kappa values, calculated to examine the agreement in relation to the KOSHA 2013, KOSHA 2017, KOSHA 2018, KOSHA 2018 (HRA), NHS HRA 2017, and NHS HRA 2018 with the FRS, were 0.268, 0.322, 0.352, 0.136, 0.221, and 0.559, respectively.

Conclusions

The NHS HRA 2018 risk calculation method is a useful risk-assessment tool for CVDs, but only when appropriate classification criteria are applied. In order to enhance the risk-group identification capability of the KOSHA guideline, we propose to apply the classification criteria set in this study based on the risk group definition of the 2018 Korean Society of Hypertension guidelines for the management of hypertension instead of the current classification criteria of the KOSHA 2018.

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Comparing Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency and National Health Insurance Service’s cardio-cerebrovascular diseases risk-assessment tools using data from one hospital’s health checkups
Yunrae Cho, Dong Geon Kim, Byung-Chan Park, Seonhee Yang, Sang Kyu Kim
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Usefulness of Relative Handgrip Strength as a Simple Indicator of Cardiovascular Risk in Middle-Aged Koreans
Won Bin Kim, Jun-Bean Park, Yong-Jin Kim
The American Journal of the Medical Sciences.2021; 362(5): 486. CrossRef

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Research Article

Association between shift work and hyperhomocysteinemia in male workers: Dukyun Kang, Seong-Kyu Kang, Won-Jun Choi, Sang Ha Lee, Jun-Hyung Lee, Kyeongmin Kwak; Ann Occup Environ Med 2019;31:e1. Published online May 1, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2019.31.e1

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Background

Shift work is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases. Here, we sought to assess the relationship between shift work and plasma homocysteine levels. Determining the correlations between shift work and homocysteine levels may provide a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying cardiovascular diseases.

Methods

This study was performed using data from routine health examinations of steel workers in 2017. In total, 431 male workers (70 daytime workers and 361 shift workers) employed on a rolling departure schedule were recruited. Plasma homocysteine levels > 15 μmol/L were considered elevated. The χ², analysis of variance, and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between shift work and plasma homocysteine levels.

Results

In comparison to daytime workers, the odds ratio (OR) of hyperhomocysteinemia in individuals with < 10 years of shift work was 1.14 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.64–2.03), compared to 2.01 (95% CI: 1.14–3.54) for workers with ≥ 10 years of experience. After adjusting for confounding variables, the adjusted OR for shift workers with < 10 years of experience was 0.95 (95% CI: 0.50–1.80), compared to 2.00 (95% CI: 1.07–3.74) for workers with ≥ 10 years of experience.

Conclusions

The risk of hyperhomocysteinemia was significantly higher in shift workers compared to those working normal daytime hours, particularly among long-term shift workers.

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Shift work is significantly and positively associated with dementia: A meta-analysis study
Kuo-Wei Lee, Chen-Cheng Yang, Chun-Hung Chen, Chih-Hsing Hung, Hung-Yi Chuang
Frontiers in Public Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between shift work and serum homocysteine level in female electronic manufacturing services workers
Jae Won Lim, Chan Woo Kim, Hyoung Ouk Park, Eui Yup Chung, Changho Chae, JunSeok Son, Young Hoo Shin, Seung Hyun Park, Sang Moon Choi
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Consequences of Shift Work and Night Work: A Literature Review
Isabel Silva, Daniela Costa
Healthcare.2023; 11(10): 1410. CrossRef
Different exposure metrics of rotating night shift work and hyperhomocysteinaemia among Chinese steelworkers: a cross-sectional study
Shengkui Zhang, Yongbin Wang, Qinglin Li, Zhende Wang, Han Wang, Chao Xue, Ying Zhu, Weijun Guan, Juxiang Yuan
BMJ Open.2020; 10(12): e041576. CrossRef

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Research Article

Cardiovascular disease risk differences between bus company employees and general workers according to the Korean National Health Insurance Data: Ji-Hoo Yook, Dong-Wook Lee, Min-Seok Kim, Yun-Chul Hong; Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:32. Published online May 8, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0242-z

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Background

Bus drivers are known to be highly at risk of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we assessed the cardiovascular disease prevalence of bus company employees in Seoul, South Korea, and compared the results to those of general workers.

Methods

We analyzed the 2014 Korean National Health Insurance (NHI) data and defined hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, ischemic heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease based on the KCD-6 medical diagnoses. We used bus company employees as surrogate participants of bus drivers due to the characteristics of Korean NHI data. We identified bus company employees in Seoul based on one’s workplace which the insurance is registered. The prevalence of five diseases was compared between the bus company employees and general workers. We also calculated the odds ratios (OR) of five diseases between the bus company employees and general workers. To compensate the vast demographical differences between the two groups, we performed propensity score matching.

Results

Bus company employees have higher OR for having hypertension (OR 1.33, 95% CI: 1.28–1.39), diabetes mellitus (1.14, 95% CI: 1.08–1.22), and dyslipidemia (1.23, 95% CI: 1.17–1.29) than the general workers or propensity score matched controls. However, the OR of having ischemic heart disease were not significant. The OR of cerebrovascular disease were lower in bus company employees than in the general workers after adjusting the covariates, but similar in the propensity score matched model.

Conclusion

This study showed that the ORs of cardiovascular disease risk factors are high in bus company employees when compared to the general working population. Further studies with the longitudinal design should be conducted to confirm the causal association.

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Ischemic heart disease and stroke in male couriers: a cohort study using the national health insurance data and national employment insurance data
Jiyoung Yoon, Jeehee Min, Eun Mi Kim, Jaiyong Kim, Inah Kim
Frontiers in Public Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Facilitators and barriers to achieving dietary and physical activity goals: focus group interviews with city bus drivers and counseling dietitians
Yongmin Jo, Suhyeun Cho, Young-Hee Han, Taisun Hyun
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2023; 28(5): 376. CrossRef
Expositions professionnelles et santé des conducteurs professionnels, quelles spécificités pour les chauffeurs de bus urbains ?
K. Wei, E. Fort, L. Rollin, A. Leroyer, B. Charbotel
Archives des Maladies Professionnelles et de l'Environnement.2022; 83(5): 458. CrossRef
The Effectiveness of a mHealth Program Using Wearable Devices and Health Coaching among Bus Drivers for Promoting Physical Activity
Yeongmi Ha, Sang-Ho Lee, Suyeon Lee, Yeojoo Chae
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2022; 33(3): 332. CrossRef
Calidad de vida en el trabajo y aspectos sociodemográficos en trabajadores reintegrados en una empresa de bus de rápido tránsito
Ana Milena Galarza Iglesias, Lessby Gómez Salazar, Cecilia Andrea Ordóñez Hernández
Cuadernos de Administración.2021; 37(69): e2210695. CrossRef
Incidence of ocular and systemic diseases affecting visual function among state bus drivers
Piyush Kohli, Naresh Babu, Chitaranjan Mishra, Sourav Damodaran, S Bhavani, Mahesh Kumar, Kim Ramasamy
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology.2021; 69(10): 2625. CrossRef
Cardiovascular risk and associated risk factors in Spanish professional drivers
Ángel Arturo López-González, María Albaladejo-Blanco, Sebastiana Arroyo-Bote, J. Ignacio Ramírez-Manent, Nora López-Safont, Estefanía García-Ruiz, María Teófila Vicente-Herrero
Journal of Transport & Health.2021; 23: 101266. CrossRef
Australian bus drivers’ modifiable and contextual risk factors for chronic disease: A workplace study
Alison Brodie, Toby Pavey, Cameron Newton, Marguerite C. Sendall, Sergio A. Useche
PLOS ONE.2021; 16(7): e0255225. CrossRef
Feasibility of cardiovascular risk and sleep health screening in the transport industry
Mark E. Howard, Alexander P. Wolkow, Vanessa Wilkinson, Philip Swann, Amy S. Jordan, Fergal J. O'Donoghue, Robert J. Pierce, David L. Hare
Journal of Transport & Health.2020; 18: 100878. CrossRef
Cancer risk in road transportation workers: a national representative cohort study with 600,000 person-years of follow-up
Wanhyung Lee, Mo-Yeol Kang, Jihyun Kim, Sung-Shil Lim, Jin-Ha Yoon
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Associations Between the Breakroom Built Environment, Worker Health Habits, and Worker Health Outcomes: A Pilot Study Among Public Transit Rail Operators
Nathan M. Jones, Meghan McDonnell, Emily Sparer-Fine, Bernard Rosner, Jack T. Dennerlein, Stefanos Kales, Carmen Messerlian
Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine.2020; 62(8): e398. CrossRef
Bus Workers’ Experiences with and Perceptions of a Health Promotion Program: A Qualitative Study Using a Focus Group Discussion
Jeehee Pyo, Mina Lee, Minsu Ock, Gwiok Park, Dongseok Yang, Jungsun Park, Yangho Kim
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(6): 1992. CrossRef

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Research Article

Association between shift work and microalbuminuria: data from KNHANES(2012–2014): Eun Kye Kang, Gu Hyeok Kang, Jun Young Uhm, Young Gon Choi, Soo Young Kim, Seong Sil Chang, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2017;29:37. Published online August 21, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-017-0194-8

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Background

Shift work disturbs workers’ biological clocks and this condition can cause various health problems including cardiovascular disease. The elevated albuminuria level has been significantly associated with the risk of the cardiovascular disease even within a normal reference range. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between shift work and microalbuminuria.

Methods

Workers aged over 20 years from the fifth and sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHANES 2012–2014; n = 3000) were included in this analysis. The multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between shift work and microalbuminuria stratified by gender.

Results

The prevalence of microalbuminuria in male subjects was higher among day workers, but the difference was not significant. However, the prevalence of microalbuminuria among females was higher in shift workers with statistical significance. For female, the Odds ratio of microalbuminuria in shift workers was significantly higher with 1.86 (95% CI 1.02–3.39) compared with day workers. After dividing into 5 subgroups of the shift work pattern, the odds ratio of microalbuminuria for fixed night shift was significantly higher at 4.68 (95% CI 1.29–17.00) compared with day workers.

Conclusions

This study showed that shift work was associated with microalbuminuria in female workers. Especially we found out the association between fixed night shift and microalbuminuria in female workers.

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Effect of night shift work on the reduction of glomerular filtration rate using data from Korea Medical Institute (2016-2020)
Beom Seok Ko, Sang Yop Shin, Ji Eun Hong, Sungbeom Kim, Jihhyeon Yi, Jeongbae Rhie
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Cardiometabolic traits mediate the association of past shift work and chronic kidney disease: the Dongfeng–Tongji cohort study
Xu Han, Fei Wang, Jing Wang, Meian He
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health.2022; 95(7): 1501. CrossRef
Rotating Night Shift Work, Exposure to Light at Night, and Glomerular Filtration Rate: Baseline Results from a Chinese Occupational Cohort
Shengkui Zhang, Yongbin Wang, Ying Zhu, Xiaoming Li, Yang Song, Juxiang Yuan
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(23): 9035. CrossRef

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Research Article

Effectiveness of workers’ general health examination in Korea by health examination period and compliance: retrospective cohort study using nationwide data: Huisu Eom, Jun-Pyo Myong, Eun-A Kim, Bohwa Choi, Soon Woo Park, Young Joong Kang; Ann Occup Environ Med 2017;29:2. Published online February 17, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-017-0160-5

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Background

Our study evaluated the effectiveness of the Workers’ General Health Examination by health examination period and compliance.

Methods

A retrospective cohort of the health examination participants in 2006 (baseline year: N = 6,527,045) was used. We identified newly occurring cardio-cerebrovascular disease over 7 years (from 2007 to 2013). After stratification by age, sex, and national health insurance type, we identified 7 years’ cumulative incidence of cardio-cerebrovascular disease by health examination compliance and estimated its relative risk by health examination period and compliance.

Results

The compliant group presented a lower cumulative incidence of cardio-cerebrovascular disease than the non-compliant group; this result was consistent across sex, working age (40s and 50s), and workplace policyholder. Relative risk of cardio-cerebrovascular disease by health examination period (1 and 2 years) showed statistically significant results in ischemic heart disease for male participants. Of men in their 40s, office workers (over a 2-year period) presented statistically higher relative risk of ischemic heart disease than non-office workers (over a 1-year period: 1.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.03). However, there were no consistent results in ischemic cerebrovascular disease and hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease for men or cardio-cerebrovascular disease for women.

Conclusion

A 1-year period of Workers’ General Health Examinations in non-office workers had a more significant prevention effect on ischemic heart disease than a 2-year period in office workers among working age (40s–50s) men. It is, however, necessary to consider that prevention of cardio-cerebrovascular disease can be partially explained by their occupational characteristics rather than by health examination period.

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Investigating and prioritizing of the barriers of performing periodic occupational examinations in industries of Kashan city in 2019
Marzieh Sadaf, MasoudMotalebi Kashani, HamidReza Saberi, Hossein Akbari, SedigheDehghani Bidgoli, Mitra Hannani
International Archives of Health Sciences.2021; 8(2): 122. CrossRef

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Research Article

Effects of high occupational physical activity, aging, and exercise on heart rate variability among male workers: Dongmug Kang, Youngki Kim, Jongeun Kim, Yongsik Hwang, Byungmann Cho, Taekjong Hong, Byungmok Sung, Yonghwan Lee; Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:22. Published online September 25, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0073-0

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Objectives

Effects of aging and leisure time physical activity (LPA) might influence the effect of occupational physical activity (OPA) on risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study was conducted to determine whether OPA affects CVD after controlling the effects of LPA and other risk factors for CVD such as job stress.

Methods

Participants were 131 male Korean manual workers. Tests for heart rate variability (HRV) were conducted for five minutes in the morning at work. We defined OPA as the combined concept of relative heart rate ratio (RHR), evaluated using a heart rate monitor.

Results

Whereas high OPA was not related to any HRV items in the younger age group, high OPA was associated with an increased number of low-value cases among all HRV items in older workers. Exercise had beneficial effects only in the younger group. After controlling for exercise and other risk factors, the odds ratios of the root-mean square of the difference of successive normal R-R intervals (rMSSD) and high frequency band power (HF) among the older age and high OPA group compared with the younger age and low OPA group were 64.0 and 18.5, respectively. Social support and shift work were independent risk factors in HRV.

Conclusions

OPA in aging workers increases CVD risks. This study provides support for the need for protection of aging workers from physical work overload, and indicates the need for further study of optimal limits of OPA.

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Association of cardiac autonomic modulation with different intensities of physical activity in a small Brazilian inner city: A gender analysis
Diego G.D. Christofaro, William R. Tebar, Luiz Carlos M. Vanderlei, Rômulo A. Fernandes, Jorge Mota, Gregore I. Mielke, Raphael M. Ritti‐Dias
European Journal of Sport Science.2023; 23(4): 649. CrossRef
HRV in Active-Duty Special Forces and Public Order Military Personnel
Giuseppe Gancitano, Antonio Baldassarre, Luigi Isaia Lecca, Nicola Mucci, Marco Petranelli, Mario Nicolia, Antonio Brancazio, Andrea Tessarolo, Giulio Arcangeli
Sustainability.2021; 13(7): 3867. CrossRef
Applicability of Physiological Monitoring Systems within Occupational Groups: A Systematic Review
Denisse Bustos, Joana C. Guedes, João Santos Baptista, Mário P. Vaz, José Torres Costa, Ricardo J. Fernandes
Sensors.2021; 21(21): 7249. CrossRef
Associations of Sedentary Time with Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
Abdullah Bandar Alansare, Lauren C. Bates, Lee Stoner, Christopher E. Kline, Elizabeth Nagle, J. Richard Jennings, Erik D. Hanson, Mark A. Faghy, Bethany Barone Gibbs
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(16): 8508. CrossRef
Relationships Between Heart Rate Variability, Occupational Performance, and Fitness for Tactical Personnel: A Systematic Review
Colin Tomes, Ben Schram, Robin Orr
Frontiers in Public Health.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
The relationship between physical activity intensity and domains with cardiac autonomic modulation in adults
William R. Tebar, Raphael M. Ritti-Dias, Bruna T. C. Saraiva, Fernanda C. S. Gil, Leandro D. Delfino, Tatiana M. M. Damato, Beatriz A. S. Aguilar, Stéfany C. B. Silva, Jorge Mota, Luiz Carlos M. Vanderlei, Diego G.D. Christofaro
Medicine.2019; 98(41): e17400. CrossRef
Comparison of objective and subjective operator fatigue assessment methods in offshore shiftwork
Ranjana K. Mehta, S. Camille Peres, Pranav Kannan, Joohyun Rhee, Ashley E. Shortz, M. Sam Mannan
Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries.2017; 48: 376. CrossRef
High Volume Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Risks
Heather J. A. Foulds
American Journal of Hypertension.2017; 30(4): 353. CrossRef
Physical activity, body mass index and heart rate variability-based stress and recovery in 16 275 Finnish employees: a cross-sectional study
Tiina Föhr, Julia Pietilä, Elina Helander, Tero Myllymäki, Harri Lindholm, Heikki Rusko, Urho M. Kujala
BMC Public Health.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Analysis of Autonomic Nervous System Functional Age and Heart Rate Variability in Mine Workers
T Vasicko, J Prindesova-Busikova, O Osina
Acta Medica Martiniana.2016; 16(1): 22. CrossRef

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Research Article

Association between night work and cardiovascular diseases: analysis of the 3rd Korean working conditions survey: Sungjin Park, Juhyun Nam, Jong-Ku Lee, Sung-Soo Oh, Hee-Tae Kang, Sang-Baek Koh; Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:15. Published online May 11, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0064-1

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Objectives

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between night work and cardiovascular diseases among wage workers in Korea.

Methods

The study was based on the 3rd Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS; 2011). This study included 29,711 wage workers. We used the chi-squared test and logistic regression to examine the association between cardiovascular diseases and night work and cumulative night work.

Results

Among all of the paid workers, 12.5% reported doing night work ≥ 1 day per month. Night work was significantly associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (odds ratio [OR] 1.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11-2.25). Also, compared to the group that did not do night works, the group with higher cumulative night work demonstrated an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.19-2.74).

Conclusions

This study suggests that night work is significantly associated with cardiovascular diseases.

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Arterial hypertension in mine pit miners
Ljiljana Kulić, Vesna Krstović-Spremo, Jovica Jovanović, Milivoje Galjak, Oliver Bojčeski, Jovana Jovanović
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Trabalho noturno e pressão arterial: um estudo com foco nas doses de exposição
Aline Silva-Costa, Bruna Pereira Braz, Rosane Härter Griep, Lúcia Rotenberg
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The Vascular Circadian Clock in Chronic Kidney Disease
Søren Egstrand, Maria L. Mace, Klaus Olgaard, Ewa Lewin
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Mediation analysis of dietary habits, nutrient intakes, daily life in the relationship between working hours of Korean shift workers and metabolic syndrome : the sixth (2013 ~ 2015) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Yoona Kim, Hyeon Hee Kim, Dong Hoon Lim
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Research Article

Association between long working hours and serum gamma-glutamyltransferase levels in female workers: data from the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010-2011): Seung-Gwon Park, Yong-Jin Lee, Jung-Oh Ham, Eun-Chul Jang, Seong-Woo Kim, Hyun Park; Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26:40. Published online December 1, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-014-0040-1

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Objectives

The present study investigated the association between long working hours and serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) levels, a factor influencing the incidence of cardiovascular disease.

Methods

Data from the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010–2011) were used to analyze 1,809 women. Subjects were divided into three groups based on the number of weekly working hours: ≤29, 30–51, and ≥52 hours per week. Complex samples logistic regression was performed after adjusting for general and occupational factors to determine the association between long working hours and high serum GGT levels.

Results

The prevalence of high serum GGT levels in groups with ≤29, 30–51, and ≥52 working hours per week was 22.0%, 16.9%, and 26.6%, respectively. Even after adjusting for general and occupational factors, those working 30–51 hours per week had the lowest prevalence of high serum GGT levels. Compared to those working 30–51 hours per week, the odds ratios (OR) of having high serum GGT levels in the groups with ≥52 and ≤29 working hours per week were 1.56 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10–2.23) and 1.53 (95% CI, 1.05–2.24), respectively.

Conclusions

Long working hours were significantly associated with high serum GGT levels in Korean women.

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Review

Very Long (> 48 hours) Shifts and Cardiovascular Strain in Firefighters: a Theoretical Framework: BongKyoo Choi, Peter L Schnall, Marnie Dobson, Javier Garcia-Rivas, HyoungRyoul Kim, Frank Zaldivar, Leslie Israel, Dean Baker; Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26:5-5. Published online March 6, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-4374-26-5

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Shift work and overtime have been implicated as important work-related risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Many firefighters who contractually work on a 24-hr work schedule, often do overtime (additional 24-hr shifts) which can result in working multiple, consecutive 24-hr shifts. Very little research has been conducted on firefighters at work that examines the impact of performing consecutive 24-hr shifts on cardiovascular physiology. Also, there have been no standard field methods for assessing in firefighters the cardiovascular changes that result from 24-hr shifts, what we call “cardiovascular strain”. The objective of this study, as the first step toward elucidating the role of very long (> 48 hrs) shifts in the development of CVD in firefighters, is to develop and describe a theoretical framework for studying cardiovascular strain in firefighters on very long shifts (i.e., > 2 consecutive 24-hr shifts). The developed theoretical framework was built on an extensive literature review, our recently completed studies with firefighters in Southern California, e-mail and discussions with several firefighters on their experiences of consecutive shifts, and our recently conducted feasibility study in a small group of firefighters of several ambulatory cardiovascular strain biomarkers (heart rate, heart rate variability, blood pressure, salivary cortisol, and salivary C-reactive protein). The theoretical framework developed in this study will facilitate future field studies on consecutive 24-hr shifts and cardiovascular health in firefighters. Also it will increase our understanding of the mechanisms by which shift work or long work hours can affect CVD, particularly through CVD biological risk factors, and thereby inform policy about sustainable work and rest schedules for firefighters.

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Research Article

Cardiovascular Disease Risk of Bus Drivers in a City of Korea: Seung Yong Shin, Chul Gab Lee, Han Soo Song, Sul Ha Kim, Hyun Seung Lee, Min Soo Jung, Sang Kon Yoo; Ann Occup Environ Med 2013;25:34-34. Published online November 11, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-4374-25-34

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objective

To prevent the occurrence of CV events such as MI and stroke among professional drivers in Korea, bus drivers were compared to other occupations through the Framingham risk scoring system (FRS) or metabolic syndrome (MS) of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment methods.

Methods

In October 2012, a health examination survey was conducted for 443 male bus drivers in a big city. Their CVD risk factors were compared to those of a ‘total employed’ (A group) and ‘crafts and machine operators’ (B group) extracted from Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2010) data by using FRS and MS. We calculated proportions of the CVD risk factors distribution between bus drivers and the A, B groups by the bootstrapping method. The Odds ratio (OR) between CV event risk combining MS with CHD equivalent risk of FRS and occupational factors like shift patterns and professional driving duration/age ratios (PDAR) of bus drivers was calculated through multinominal logistic regression.

Results

The proportion of BMI ≥ 25 kg/m² was 53.9% and waist circumference ≥ 90cm was 40.9% among bus drivers. Hypertension and MS prevalence of bus drivers was 53.3%, 49.9% which is higher than 17.6%, 22.6% in the A group and 19.7%, 23.8% in the B group respectively. OR of high CV event risk in alternate shift was 2.58 (95% CI 1.33~5.00) in comparison with double shift pattern and OR in PDAR ≥ 0.5 was 2.18 (95% CI 1.15~4.14).

Conclusion

Middle aged male drivers in a big city of Korea stand a higher chance of developing CV event than other professions of the same age.

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Original Article

Risk Assessment for Cardiovascular Diseases in Male Workers: Comparing KOSHA Guidelines and the Framingham Risk Score System: In Yong Um, Won Jun Choi, Deul Lee, Jae Seok Oh, Min Kee Yi, Jong Wan Yoon, Sang Hwan Han; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2012;24(4):365-374. Published online December 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2012.24.4.365

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to investigate the 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) by Framingham risk score (FRS) who classified as "healthy group" by Korean Occupational Safety and Health Agent (KOSHA)' s cardiovascular risk assessment.
METHODS
The subjects of this study were 1,781 male workers in a large steel company. Health status was obtained periodically through medical examinations and questionnaires. We assessed cardiovascular risk using KOSHA guidelines and calculated the 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease using the Framingham risk score for those categorized to the "healthy group" by KOSHA guideline. A closer examination of cardiovascular risk factors was performed in 62 subjects paradoxically placed in the "healthy group" by KOSHA guidelines and the "high-risk group" by FRS.
RESULTS
Among the "healthy group" by KOSHA's cardiovascular risk assessment, 230(15.8%) subjects had more than 3 CVD risk factors and 62(4.2%) subjects were high risk group (more than 20%) in 10-years risk of CVD by Framingham risk score. Modifiable risk factors included cigarette smoking (96.8%), high serum total cholesterol (82.3%), high serum triglyceride (66.1%), insufficient physical activity (66.1%), and obesity (58.1%).
CONCLUSIONS
Among subjects with normal blood pressure, it seems that KOSHA guidelines underestimate CVD risk, identified by the Framingham risk score. For the effective prevention and management of CVD, modifiable risk factors, such as cigarette smoking, dyslipidemia, and obesity, need to be constructively controlled.

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Original Article

Influencing Factors in Approving Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Disease as Work-Related Disease of Workers' in Manufacturing Sectors: In Seok Kim, Sang Chul Ryu, Yong Hyun Kim, Young Jun Kwon; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2012;24(2):158-166. Published online June 30, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2012.24.2.158

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to analyze the factors that have been meaningful in recognizing cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases in manufacturing sector workers as work-related diseases, since amendment of Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act on July 1st, 2008, and provide information to establish an objective standard.
METHODS
We examined 359 claims of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases which were presented as occupational diseases from January 1st, to December 31th, 2010, collecting Industrial Accident Compensation data from the six Provincial Committees for work-related disease decision. We analyzed the approval rate and odds ratio of the general characteristics, past medical history and work-related information, by using univariate logistic regression. In addition, we confirmed the factors that have effects on when approving work-related diseases by using multivariate logistic regression.
RESULTS
Overall, 92 claims out of the 359 claims were recognized as worked-related diseases with an approval rate of 25.6%. Because of accidental situations such as altercation, cold environments, fire etc., only 12 cases were approved. In addition, due to short-term overwork such as outdoor work in cold environments, only 18 cases were approved. Sixty-two cases were approved for chronic overwork. On chronic overwork, the approval rate was not significantly different in univariate logistic regression in gender, age, claimed disease, survival or death, smoker or non-smoker, or associated disease. However, factory size and, average working time for last one week and average working time for last four weeks were significantly. In the multivariate logistic regression analyzed, adjusted for age and sex, we found that the factors in approving cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease as work-related disease were average working time for the last four weeks and factory size.
CONCLUSION
We concluded that there has been a great deal of subjective judgements when approving cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases to be occupational diseases. Therefore, objective criteria should be established, especially with regard to the approval of work-related cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases and working hours.

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The Effect of Long Working Hours and Overtime on Occupational Health: A Meta-Analysis of Evidence from 1998 to 2018
Kapo Wong, Alan H. S. Chan, S. C. Ngan
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2019; 16(12): 2102. CrossRef
The effect of long working hours on cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease; A case‐crossover study
Kyong‐sok Shin, Yun kyung Chung, Young‐Jun Kwon, Jun‐Seok Son, Se‐hoon Lee
American Journal of Industrial Medicine.2017; 60(9): 753. CrossRef
Long Working Hours and Work-related Cerebro-cardiovascular Disease in Korea
Yun Kyung CHUNG, Young-jun KWON
Industrial Health.2013; 51(5): 552. CrossRef
Factor Analysis on Cerebrovascular Disease of Korean Police Officers
WooJin Jeon, Jaehwan Cho
Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology.2013; 7(4): 293. CrossRef

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Original Article

The Effect of Participatory Approach Program for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in the Workplace: Seong Yong Yoon, Sin Kam, Jin Seok Kim, Seong Yong Jo, Yong Jun Kwon, In Woong Song, Kuck Hyeun Woo; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2012;24(2):133-144. Published online June 30, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2012.24.2.133

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to develop a program applying participatory action-oriented training (PAOT) methods for the management of cardiovascular disease risk factors and to assess its effectiveness in the workplace.
METHODS
The cardiovascular disease risk factors of 817 workers in the workplace were assessed, and periodic health examination was conducted. Sixty-four workers (7.8%) were selected as a moderate-risk group and high risk group, and performed the participatory approach program for cardiovascular disease preventive management.
RESULTS
The sixty-four workers who participated in the participatory approach program made a total of 246 action plans, 3.8 action plans per person and 115 action plans were achieved after three months, so that 46.7% of action plans have been achieved. In the intervention group that participated in the program, the rate of smoking decreased from 36.2% to 8.6% and systolic and diastolic blood pressure significantly decreased from 140.0+/-9.4 mmHg to 134.2+/-12.3 mmHg and from 92.6+/-7.1 mmHg to 80.0+/-9.8 mmHg respectfully. In addition, risk factor score also decreased by 0.3, whereas the control group who did not participate in the program also showed a significant reduction in the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Regular exercise increased from 8.5% to 16.0%.
CONCLUSIONS
To improve the effectiveness of the participatory approach program for the management of cardiovascular disease risk factors, the need to continues implementing programs and analysis of the long-term effects are required.

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Effectiveness of a Participatory Program for Improving the Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Health of Older Farmers in Rural Korea
Ki-Youn Kim, Juhye Jin, Yeon-Ha Kim
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(4): 3210. CrossRef
Effects of a Worksite-Based Self-Management Program in Traditional Retail Market Workers: Longitudinal Associations with Metabolic Parameters
Yeon-Ha Kim, Seong-Yong Yoon
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(5): 2854. CrossRef
Developing a Health-Promotion Program Based on the Action Research Paradigm to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors among Blue Collar Workers
Won Ju Hwang, Jin Ah Kim
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2019; 16(24): 4958. CrossRef
Effectiveness of Participatory Action-Oriented Training (PAOT) Methods for the Management Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Manufacture Workers for Three-years
Jungsuk Lee, Sin Kam, Seongyong Yoon
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2016; 25(4): 384. CrossRef
The Effect of Metabolic syndrome Management Program Applying Participatory Action-Oriented Training Principle
Seong-Yong Yoon, Kuck-Hyeun Woo, Hwa-Sung Kim, Yong-Bae Kim, Jin-Seok Kim, Seong-Yong Jo, Sung-Soo Lee
Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2014; 31(5): 81. CrossRef

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Original Article

The Relationship of Serum Vitamin D Levels and the Framingham Risk Score among Male Workers in the Manufacturing Sector: Seung Hyun Park, Young Wook Kim, Chang Ho Chae, Jun Seok Son, Chan Woo Kim, Jae Youn Kim, Ja Hyun Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2012;24(2):115-123. Published online June 30, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2012.24.2.115

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
A growing body of evidence states that vitamin D deficiencies may adversely affect cardiovascular disease, however data from Korean workers are lacking. The purpose of this study was to investigate the vitamin D level of the Korean worker and the relationship between vitamin D levels and the Framingham Risk Score.
METHODS
11,448 male workers who visited a university hospital for health screening between March 2010 and August 2011, were enrolled in the study. We measured their of serum vitamin D(25(OH)D) levels and calculated their Framingham Risk Score.
RESULTS
The mean serum vitamin D(25(OH)D) level of the surveyed workers was 13.03+/-6.47 ng/mL. 12.4% of the total workers had adequate vitamin D levels. It was found that the lower the vitamin D level, the higher the risk of cardiovascular disease. The Framingham Risk Score and vitamin D levels were found to be significantly related (OR=1.39, 95% CI 1.14~1.68) through a multivariate logistic regression analysis.
CONCLUSIONS
87.6% of workers possessed inappropriate vitamin D levels. Management for this high risk group in regards to cardiovascular disease should be included in the evaluation and vitamin D levels should be corrected.

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Association of among alcohol consumption and blood vitamin D and lead concentrations: Based on 2010-2012 Korea national health and nutrition examination survey
Ho-Ki An, Jae-Yong Park, Hee-Jung Yoon
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(1): 498. CrossRef
Vitamin D status and associated occupational factors in Korean wage workers: data from the 5th Korea national health and nutrition examination survey (KNHANES 2010–2012)
Harin Jeong, Sujin Hong, Yunjeong Heo, Hosun Chun, Daeseong Kim, Jongtae Park, Mo-yeol Kang
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2014;[Epub] CrossRef
Correlation between vitamin D and cardiovascular disease predictors in overweight and obese Koreans
Misung Kim, Woori Na, Cheongmin Sohn
Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition.2013; : 167. CrossRef

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Original Article

Factors for Approving Cerebrovascular Disorders and Cardiovascular Diseases as Work-related Diseases in Chronically Overworked Workers: Sang Chul Ryu, In Suk Kim, Jong Heon Lee, Jong Uk Won, Tae Won Jang, Young Jun Kwon; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(4):379-386. Published online December 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.4.379

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to analyze the factors that affected the decision of claims for cerebrovascular disorders and cardiovascular diseases in chronically overworked workers, that submitted their claims after the reformation of approval standards in the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act on 1 July 2008.
METHODS
Of 2909 cases, who claimed between January 1. and December 31. 2009, 1046 cases were selected based on their worker's compensation record and investigated following 6 provincial committees for work-related diseases. The approval rate and odds ratio were analyzed with respect to the general characteristics, past medical history and work-related information using a logistical regression and Student t-test.
RESULTS
Of the 1046 selected cases, the approval rate was 18.5%(194 cases). In the multivariate logistical regression analysis, the factors for approving cerebrovascular disorders and cardiovascular diseases as work-related diseases were found to be the average working time over the last 1 week, occupational category, gender, age, death or survival, the presence of an associated disease, claimed province, and smoking.
CONCLUSION
Factors for approving claims of cerebrovascular disorders and cardiovascular diseases as work-related diseases were the average working time over last 1 week, gender, age, death or survival, claimed disease, presence of associated disease, claimed province, smoking.

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The effect of long working hours on cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease; A case‐crossover study
Kyong‐sok Shin, Yun kyung Chung, Young‐Jun Kwon, Jun‐Seok Son, Se‐hoon Lee
American Journal of Industrial Medicine.2017; 60(9): 753. CrossRef
Long Working Hours and Work-related Cerebro-cardiovascular Disease in Korea
Yun Kyung CHUNG, Young-jun KWON
Industrial Health.2013; 51(5): 552. CrossRef

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Original Article

Comparison of Cardiovascular Disease Characteristics According to the Employment Status among Emergency Department Patients: Jeong Bae Rhie, Inn Shil Ryu, In Chul Jeong, Yoo Seok Park, Yong Su Lim, Sun Hyu Kim, Jong Uk Won; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(2):164-172. Published online June 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.2.164

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The object of this study was to indentify characteristics of cardiovascular disease in the employed population in comparson with the non-employed group.
METHODS
The study subjects were patients aged 20~65 from 3 university based hospital emergency centers and a structured questionnaire were used for comparing the characteristics of cardiovascular disease according to employment status. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the association between employment status and cardiovascular disease risk factors.
RESULTS
Among the patients, 573 people were employed (482 males, 91 females) and 251 were non-employed (117 males, 134 females). Compared to the non-employed group, the employed group was distinctive in that it contained patients of younger age, had a male dominant gender distribution, and a higher proportion of smoking and drinking patients. The employed group was less likely to be previously-diagnosed with diabetes, hypertension, chronic renal failure, cardiovascular disease, or cerebrovascular disease. The employed group was generally more stressed out but there was no significant differences in sleeping time. Infarction was more frequent in the employed group, but hemorrhage was more frequent in the non-employed group. According to the multivariate logistic regression analysis results, the odds ratio of drinking and stress was 1.89(95% CI: 1.25~2.86) and 2.68(95% CI: 1.80~3.99) respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Infarction was more frequent in the employed group. Drinking and stress were also more frequent in the employed group. The results of this study don't necessarily mean that stress and drinking are more important than other risk factors but, it means stress and drinking control are more important in the employed group compared to the non-employed group.

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The Factors related to Dyslipidemia and Hypertension among Male Office Workers
Eun Kyung Lee, Ok Soo Kim
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2013; 25(4): 432. CrossRef

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Original Article

Comparison of Cardiovascular Disease Status Between Large Scale Industry Office and Self Employed Male Workers: Keun Ho Jang, Won Ju Park, Myeong Bo Kim, Dae Kwang Lee, Hong Jae Chae, Jai Dong Moon; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(2):130-138. Published online June 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.2.130

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study is to compare the cardiovascular disease status between large scale industry office and self employed male workers who have gaps in their intensive health management.
METHODS
The cross sectional study was carried out with subjects composed of 244 shipyard office male workers and 381 self employed male workers, aged 30 to 55 years. They were given a health exam in a general hospital from January 2007 to June 2009. Information was based on data from self-administered questionnaires, physical examination and laboratory results on blood samples. The degree of coronary artery calcification and stenosis was evaluated by a 64 channel multi-detector computed tomography angiography.
RESULTS
The prevalence of hypertension(p<0.01) and diabetes mellitus(p=0.02) and waist circumference(p<0.01) was significantly lower in the shipyard office workers than in self employed workers. Proper drinking(p<0.01) was more commmon in shipyard office workers. The rates of coronary artery calcification and stenosis were estimated to be 18.4% and 11.5% respectively for shipyard office workers and were significantly lower than the 26.5% and 21.5% for self employed workers. After adjustment for age, the probability of coronary artery stenosis in shipyard office workers was lower than in self employed workers (OR=0.56, 95% CI=0.35~0.90).
CONCLUSIONS
The study results verified the benefits of a health promotion and intervention program and the healthy worker effect for cardiovascular diseases. More specifically, it verified the benefits regarding coronary artery stenosis in large scale industry office workers. This result should encourage the establishment of health promotion programs and the study of occupational epidemiology.

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The effect of employment transitions on physical health among the elderly in South Korea: A longitudinal analysis of the Korean Retirement and Income Study
Juyeon Lee, Myoung-Hee Kim
Social Science & Medicine.2017; 181: 122. CrossRef
Association of Work-related Characteristics and Hypertension among White Collar Workers
Chae-Bong Kim, KyooSang Kim
Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.2015; 25(3): 418. CrossRef
Comparison of oral health status by metabolic syndrome risk factors in workers
In-Young Ku, Seon-Jeong Moon, Myeong-Seon Lee, Kyung-Hwan Ka
Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene.2013; 13(4): 581. CrossRef

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Original Article

The Effect of a Stretching Exercise on Myofascial Pain Syndrome Patients in Small and Medium Sized Industries: Jung Wook Lim, Young Jun Kwon, Tae Won Jang, Jong Heon Lee, In Seok Kim, Sang Cheol Ryu, Jae Hoon Roh, Jong Uk Won, Bong Suk Cha, Chul Ho Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2010;22(4):307-315. Published online December 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2010.22.4.307

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to identify the effect of a stretching exercise on myofascial pain syndrome patients that work in small and medium-sized industry.
METHODS
Questionnaires surveys including general characteristics, work-related characteristics, and musculoskeletal symptoms on neck and shoulder area was administered to 393 subjects who worked in small and medium sized industries. Symptomatic workers were examined to identify whether they had myofascial pain syndrome (MPS). Of the 393 subjects, 108 MPS patients performed 6 weeks stretching exercise program. Intensity of pain was estimated with visual analogue scales (VAS). All patients were interviewed to estimate their compliance to stretching exercise program.
RESULTS
Of the 393 workers, 119 workers were diagnosed with MPS of the neck and shoulder. Post-exercise VAS was significantly reduced compared to pre-exercise VAS (p<0.05). High compliance patients to stretching exercise were more effective to exercise therapy (OR 2.89, 95% CI 1.19~7.04), and overtime workers were less effective to exercise therapy (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.17~0.95).
CONCLUSION
The Stretching exercise program was identified to be effective in MPS patients in small and medium-sized industries. It is recommended that workers with MPS in small and medium-sized industries practice a well-designed stretching exercise program, and avoid overtime work.

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Effect of Resistance Exercise Program for Middle-Aged Women with Myofascial Pain Syndrome on Shoulder Pain, Angle of Shoulder Range of Motion, and Body Composition Randomized Controlled Trial, RCT
WonJong Kim, Myung-Haeng Hur
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2020; 50(2): 286. CrossRef
Related Factors to Musculoskeletal Discomfort Symptoms on Some Middle·High school Teachers
Jae-Yoon Lee, Byeong-Yeon Moon, Youn-Hong Jeong, Hyun-Kyung Woo
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Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology.2011; 9(2): 39. CrossRef

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Original Article

Influencing Factors in Approving Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Diseases as Occupational Disease in Seoul: Tae Kyung Lee, Soo Geun Kim, Jong Uk Won, Tae Won Jang, Seong Sik Cho, Young Su Ju, Young Jun Kwon, Hyoung June Im; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2010;22(3):262-270. Published online September 30, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2010.22.3.262

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to analyze the factors that affected the decision making process in approving workers' compensation claims for cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases cases that occurred just before refoming approval standards of Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act on 1 July 2008 and to provide fundamental information in preparing better standards.
METHODS
We examined 283 claims cases involving cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases that occurred between 1 January, 2006 and 31 December, 2007 and collected data based on the worker's compensation records from 3 Seoul Regional Centers of the Workers' Compensation & Welfare Service. We analyzed the approval rates and odds ratios according to the general characteristics, injury information, past medical histories, and work related information using chi-square or univariate logistic regression. In addition, we identified the factors affecting the approval using multivariate logistic regression.
RESULTS
Overall, 101 of the 283 cases were approved and approval rate was 35.7%. Approval rates differed significantly according to type of disease, survival, accident site, accident time, the presence of associated disease and overwork (p-value <0.05). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis with adjusted for age and sex, approval rate of death cases with associated disease was lower than cases without associated disease (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.12~0.42). Approval rate of cases occurred in worksite was higher than others (OR 4.81, 95% CI 2.22~10.40). Cases of accepted overwork had a higher approval rate significantly than cases of not accepted (OR 28.53, 95% CI 9.74~83.52).
CONCLUSION
Factors in approving cases of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease as cases involving occupational disease included conditions of overwork, high rate of accidents in the workplace and the presence of associated disease. It is necessary to investigate further behaviors of work and chronic work-related stress.

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The effect of long working hours on cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease; A case‐crossover study
Kyong‐sok Shin, Yun kyung Chung, Young‐Jun Kwon, Jun‐Seok Son, Se‐hoon Lee
American Journal of Industrial Medicine.2017; 60(9): 753. CrossRef

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Original Article

Comparison of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment Tools by Using Coronary CT Angiography: Myeong Bo Kim, Won Ju Park, Keun Ho Jang, Dae Kwang Lee, Hong Jae Chae, Jai Dong Moon; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2010;22(2):102-113. Published online June 30, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2010.22.2.102

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVE: The prevalence and mortality rate of cardiovascular disease (CVD) have increased among Koreans over the past 20 years. To manage and control this disease, various CVD risk assessment tools such as KOSHA (Korean Occupational Safety and Health Agent) CVD risk assessment, the presence of metabolic syndrome and the Framingham risk score (FRS) have been developed and applied to employees at the workplace. This study was designed to compare the validity of the CVD risk assessment tools mentioned above with the findings of coronary CT angiography (CCTA).
METHODS
The subjects of this study who were 490 male-workers aged between 31 and 70, and these subjects were selected among those who had visited a University Hospital for a general health examination and who underwent CCTA from January 2007 to June 2009. Chi-square tests and logistic regression analysis were used to compare and analyze the associations between the CVD risk assessment tools and the coronary artery changes such as calcification and stenosis.
RESULTS
Metabolic syndrome (OR=1.90, 95% CI 1.23-2.95) and the Framingham risk score (OR=2.71, 95% CI 1.83-4.01) were the significant and meaningful predictors of coronary artery calcification. On the analysis of the association with coronary artery stenosis, only the Framingham risk score (OR=2.21, 95% CI 1.46-3.36) turned out to be a significant and meaningful predictor.
CONCLUSION
The results suggest that the Framingham risk score is a relatively valid CVD risk assessment tool. Henceforth, to effectively manage cardiovascular diseases in the workplace, advanced tools and indicators for management should be considered and provided based on meaningful study results.

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Sook Young Kim
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