Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

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A socioecological framework for research on work and obesity in diverse urban transit operators based on gender, race, and ethnicity: BongKyoo Choi, Peter Schnall, Marnie Dobson, Haiou Yang, Dean Baker, YoungJu Seo; Ann Occup Environ Med 2017;29:15. Published online May 17, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-017-0171-2

Urban transit (bus and rail) operators, totaling nearly 700,000 persons, are one of the heaviest occupational groups in the United States (US). Little is known about occupational risk factors for weight gain and obesity and their interrelationship with health-related behaviors, particularly among female minority (African Americans and Hispanics) transit operators who are at greater risk for obesity. As a step towards developing successful obesity interventions among urban transit operators, this paper aims to present a new socioecological framework for studying working conditions, chronic strain, health-related behaviors, weight gain/obesity, and obesity disparity in diverse urban transit operators based on gender, race, and ethnicity. Our framework is a synthesis of several different theories and disciplines: the resource-work load model (work stress), occupational ergonomics, the theory of intersectionality, and worksite health promotion. The framework was developed utilizing an extensive literature review, results from our on-going research on obesity, input from focus groups conducted with Los Angeles transit operators as well as interviews and meetings with transit operator stakeholders (management, unions, and worksite transit wellness program), and ride-along observations. Our hypotheses highlighted in the framework (see Fig. 1) are that adverse working conditions, largely characterized as a combination of high demands and low resources, will increase the risk for weight gain/obesity among transit operators directly through chronic strain and hypothalamic dysfunction (hyper-and hypo-activations), and indirectly through health-related behaviors and injuries/chronic severe pain. We also hypothesize that the observed increase in adiposity among female minority operators is due to their greater exposure to adverse occupational and non-occupational conditions that reflect their intersecting social identities of lower social class and being a minority woman in the US. Our proposed framework could greatly facilitate future transit worksite obesity studies by clarifying the complex and important roles of adverse working conditions in the etiology of weight gain/obesity and obesity disparity among transit operators and other working populations.

Citations

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Facilitators and barriers to achieving dietary and physical activity goals: focus group interviews with city bus drivers and counseling dietitians
Yongmin Jo, Suhyeun Cho, Young-Hee Han, Taisun Hyun
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2023; 28(5): 376. CrossRef
Primary Prevention of Weight Gain Among New Bus Operators
Ryan Olson, Sean P. M. Rice, Talya N. Bauer, Brad Wipfli, W. Kent Anger, Todd Bodner, Peter Graven, Leah S. Greenspan
Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine.2023; 65(2): 128. CrossRef
Bus Operators’ Body Weight Changes During Their First 2 Years of Work
Ryan Olson, Sean P.M. Rice, Layla R. Mansfield, Brad Wipfli, Todd Bodner, W. Kent Anger, Talya N. Bauer
Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine.2021; 63(12): 1093. CrossRef
Burden of tobacco, kola nut and alcohol consumption and its association with periodontal disease, potentially malignant lesions and quality of life among bus drivers, Lagos State, Nigeria
Afolabi Oyapero, Oyejoke Oyapero, Aliru Akinleye
Population Medicine.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Pilot test of an interactive obesity treatment approach among employed adults in a university medical billing office
Rachel G. Tabak, Jaime R. Strickland, Bridget Kirk, Ryan Colvin, Richard I. Stein, Hank Dart, Graham A. Colditz, Ann Marie Dale, Bradley A. Evanoff
Pilot and Feasibility Studies.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Obesity and Socioeconomic Disparities
Cecilia M. Jevitt
Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing.2019; 33(2): 126. CrossRef
Complejidad de la expresión de genes asociados a obesidad en el tejido adiposo humano
Alejandra Rodríguez, Carlos Echandía, Adalberto Sánchez, José María Satizábal, Julio César Montoya, Felipe García Vallejo
Revista Med.2019; 26(1): 14. CrossRef
The Key Role of Work in Population Health Inequities
Paul A. Landsbergis, BongKyoo Choi, Marnie Dobson, Grace Sembajwe, Craig Slatin, Linda Delp, C. Eduardo Siqueira, Peter Schnall, Sherry Baron
American Journal of Public Health.2018; 108(3): 296. CrossRef
Work stress and health problems of professional drivers: a hazardous formula for their safety outcomes
Sergio A. Useche, Boris Cendales, Luis Montoro, Cristina Esteban
PeerJ.2018; 6: e6249. CrossRef
Work organization, health, and obesity in urban transit operators: A qualitative study
Marnie Dobson, BongKyoo Choi, Peter L. Schnall
American Journal of Industrial Medicine.2017; 60(11): 991. CrossRef

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Research Article

The relationship between night work and involuntary weight change: data from the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES 2010–2012): Jongho Kwon, Jung-Woo Park, Jin-Soo Park, Seyoung Kim, Hyunrim Choi, Sinye Lim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:4. Published online January 29, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0088-1

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Background

Previous studies on the association between shift or night work and weight change have been focused on finding the risk of weight gain caused by shift or night work. In this study, we aimed to reveal the risk of weight gain and weight loss associated with night work by using a nationwide representative data.

Methods

This study was performed on 1605 full-time wage workers between the age of 20 and 69 based on the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES 2010–2012). The association between night work and involuntary weight change in the previous year was divided into the categories of weight gain and weight loss and studied with modifications in socio-demographic variables, health behavior-related variables, and occupational characteristic variables.

Results

The participants working in night work accounted for 10.6 % of total study participants (male; 11.9 %, female 7.4 %). Workers who worked more than 48 hours per week on average accounted for 41.6 % of the total study participants (male; 46.3 %, female 29.1 %).

Odds ratio (OR) of weight loss associated with night work in male workers was 0.34 (95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.16–0.76) after controlling for several related factors. OR of weight loss associated with night work in female workers with long working hours was 1.95 (95 % CI 0.47–80.86) and that of weight gain was 2.83 (95 % CI 0.12–69.83) after adjusting associated factors.

Conclusions

In this cross-sectional study with national representative sample, night work may lower the risk of weight loss in male workers and induce weight change (weight loss or weight gain) in female workers with long working hours. Therefore, future studies with cohort study design for night workers are needed to reveal the mechanisms and health effects of weight change associated with night work and establish proper management solutions with health and labor policies for Korean night workers.

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Masa Başı Çalışanlarında Emosyonel Durum ve Yeme Tutumunun Değerlendirilmesi
Saliha YURTÇİÇEK EREN, Gözde ÇALIŞKAN AKIMAL, Neşe ÖZDEMİR
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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(8): 4549. CrossRef
Effect of work-related factors on the prevalence of peptic ulcer disease among Korean workers: a nationwide population-based study
Youn I Choi, Jun-Won Chung, Kyoung Oh Kim, Kwang An Kwon, Yoon Jae Kim, Dong Kyun Park
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Wanhyung Lee, Sung Won Jung, Young-Mee Lim, Kyung-Jae Lee, June-Hee Lee
BMC Public Health.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Weight gain and body mass index following change from daytime to night shift – a panel study with nursing professionals
Kali Siqueria, Rosane Griep, Lúcia Rotenberg, Aline Silva-Costa, Maria de Jesus Mendes da Fonseca
Chronobiology International.2016; 33(6): 776. CrossRef
Effects of shift work on abdominal obesity among 20–39-year-old female nurses: a 5-year retrospective longitudinal study
Gyeong-Jin Lee, Kunhyung Kim, Se-yeong Kim, Jeong-Ho Kim, Chunhui Suh, Byung-Chul Son, Chae-Kwan Lee, Junghye Choi
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2016;[Epub] CrossRef

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Research Article

Association between urinary 3-phenoxybenzoic acid and body mass index in Korean adults: 1^st Korean National Environmental Health Survey: Minsang Yoo, Youn-Hee Lim, Taeshik Kim, Dongwook Lee, Yun-Chul Hong; Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:2. Published online January 13, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0079-7

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background

According to US-EPA report, the use of pyrethrins and pyrethroids has increased during the past decade, and their area of use included not only in agricultural settings, but in commerce, and individual household. It is known that urinary 3-PBA, major metabolite of pyrethroid, have some associations with health effect in nervous and endocrine system, however, there’s no known evidence that urinary 3-PBA have associations with obesity.

Method

We used data of 3671 participants aged above 19 from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey in 2009–2011. In our analysis, multivariate piece-wise regression and logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the association between urinary 3-PBA (3-Phenoxybenzoic Acid) and BMI.

Result

Log-transformed level of urinary 3-PBA had significantly positive association with BMI at the low-level range of exposure (p < 0.0001), and opposite associations were observed at the high level exposure (p = 0.04) after adjusting covariates. In piece-wise regression analysis, the flexion point that changes direction of the associations was at around 4 ug/g creatinine of urinary 3-PBA. As quintiles based on concentration of urinary 3-PBA increased to Q4, the ORs for prevalence of overweight (BMI ≥ 23 kg/m²) were increased, and the OR of Q5 was lower than that of Q4 (OR = 1.810 for Q4; OR = 1.483 for Q5). In the analysis using obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²) as outcome variable, significant associations were observed between obesity and quintiles of 3-PBA, however, there were no differences between the OR of Q5 and that of Q4 (OR = 1.659 for Q4; OR = 1.666 for Q5).

Conclusion

Our analysis suggested that low-level of pyrethroid exposure has positive association with BMI, however, there is an inverse relationship above the urinary 3-PBA level at 4 ug/g creatinine.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40557-015-0079-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Original Article

The Impact of Weight Changes on Metabolic Syndrome over a Time period of 8 years in Korean Male Workers: Tae Heum Chung, Moon Chan Kim, Ji Ho Lee, Chung Hun Choi, Chang Sup Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2010;22(1):20-28. Published online March 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2010.22.1.20

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
Cardiovascular diseases are common causes of diseases and death for workers. With the increasing prevalence of obesity, the social costs for obesity related diseases are a growing burden in Korea. We aimed to investigate the impact of weight change on metabolic syndrome and its components in Korean male workers.
METHODS
We analyzed the data from 2,785 male workers obtained during health checkups in 2000 and in 2008. The subjects were classified into 5 groups as Loss (< or = -3.0 kg), Stable (-2.9 to 2.9 kg), Mild gain (3.0 to 5.9 kg), Moderate gain (6.0 to 8.9 kg), and Severe gain (> or = 9.0 kg) group according to the amount of weight change between the 2 health checkups. The mean values of metabolic syndrome components were compared across the 5 weight change groups by ANCOVA. After classifying subjects into 2 groups according to the normality of their body weight at baseline, the odds ratios for metabolic syndrome and its components each weight-change group were computed by multiple logistic regression analyses, using the Stable group as the reference.
RESULTS
There was a strong linear relationship between weight gain and a worsening of the components of metabolic syndrome in 2008 (p<0.001). In normal body weight group, the odds ratios for metabolic syndrome significantly increased in the Mild, Moderate, and Severe gain groups (OR 1.83, 2.82, and 7.56, respectively), and increased with weight gain (p<0.001). In subjects who were obese, the odds ratios for metabolic syndrome significantly increased if their amount of weight gain placed them in the Mild or Moderate gain groups(OR 1.75 and 3.97), increased with the increase of weight gain (p<0.001), and decreased in the Loss group(OR 0.51, 95%CI 0.30 to 0.85).
CONCLUSIONS
Weight gain in male workers was positively associated with metabolic syndrome through worsening of metabolic syndrome components. On the other hand, weight loss in obese male workers had a protective effect against metabolic syndrome through the improvement of the components of metabolic syndrome.

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Associations between the Practice of Health Behaviors and Awareness of Metabolic Syndrome among Adults (19-64 years) in the Gwangju-Jeonnam Area: 2010 Community Health Survey
In Ae Chun, So Yeon Ryu, Hyeon Hui Park, Jong Park, Mi Ah Han, Seong Woo Choi
Journal of agricultural medicine and community health.2013; 38(4): 217. CrossRef

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Original Article

Relationship of Biological Indices of Manganese with Pallidal Index on MRI in Liver Cirrhotics: Younghee Choi, Neung Hwa Park, Jung Woo Shin, Hyo Kyung Kim, Sung Ryul Kim, Tae Heum Jeong, Ji Kang Park, Hun Lee, Cheol In Yoo, Choong Ryeol Lee, Ji Ho Lee, Yangho Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004;16(2):129-138. Published online June 30, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2004.16.2.129

Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this study were to clarify which biological manganese exposure indices reflect the pallidal signal intensities in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in liver cirrhotics.
METHODS
We examined whole blood, plasma, RBC and urinary manganese concentrations, as well as, brain MRI in 22 cirrhotic patients and 10 healthy controls. From MRI scans we calculated the signal intensity of the globus pallidus using the pallidal index (PI), the ratio of the globus pallidus to subcortical frontal white-matter signal intensity in axial T1-weighted MRI planes multiplied by 100. In addition, we studied the relationships between PI and other measurements.
RESULTS
The high signal intensity in the globus pallidus on T1-weighted MRI was observed in 18 (81.8%) patients. There was a significant correlation between whole blood and RBC manganese concentration, and PI on MRI. According to multiple linear regression, whole blood and RBC manganese concentration reflected PI on MRI better the other indices did.
CONCLUSIONS
Whole blood and RBC manganese concentrations could be useful as biological manganese exposure indices that reflect PI on MRI.

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Original Article

Weighted Needle Pinprick Sensory Threshold (WPT) and Arthropornetric Parameters: Jong Young Lee, Ji Yeon Son, Soon Woo Park, Eung Chun Lee, Doohie Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1994;6(2):342-347. Published online September 30, 1994; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1994.6.2.342

Abstract PDF: To assess the relationship of pinprick sensory threshold with height and weight, Ninety seven healthy young (age 19 to 28) males were tested on their anatomical snuff box of both Hands. Their WPT was measured by device holding and moving weighted needle sensory threshold apparatus. Mean of the WPT was 0.43(+/-0.24) g in left and, 0.53( 0.30) g in right hand. Difference of WPT between the right and left hand appeared statistically significant (p<0.01) . Correlation coefficient of WPT with height was 0.26461 (p<0.01) in left and, 0.31856 (p<0.01) in right hand. Weight was statistically significantly correlated with WPT in left hand (r=0.24932, p<0.01) The study shows that the left-right difference and influence of height in pinprick sense may exist in normal healthy male adults.

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Original Article

Effect of Maternal Job Activity on Preterm Delivery, Low Birth Weight and Spontaneous Abortion: Yong Deok Shin, Tae Yong Lee, Young Soo Lee, Dong Bae Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1994;6(1):69-84. Published online February 28, 1994; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1994.6.1.69

Abstract PDF: To investigate the effect of maternal job activity on the preterm delivery, low birth weight infant and spontaneous abortion, 1646 delivery data were analyzed from Jan. 1991 to Dec. 1992 in Chungnam University Hospital. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The percentage of subjects who had job during pregnancy was 20.3% and the variables of maternal age, education level, prepregnancy weight, maternal height, number of abortion showed significant difference in the distribution of subjects whether they had job or not. 2. There were no significant difference between the group who had job during pregnancy and those who had no job in the mean gestational period, number of spontaneous abortion, rate of preterm delivery and spontaneous abortion. However mean birth weight and rate of low birth weight showed significant difference between the groups. 3. The rate of preterm delivery of the group who had job were higher than those who had no job activity in the subgroup of 35 years or more age, prematurity history presence, 2 or more abortion history, obstetric complication presence, but there were no significant difference. The rate of low birth weight also higher in the group who had job than those who had no job activity in the same subgroup except obstetric complication presence. 4. The rate of spontaneous abortion of the group who had job were higher than those who had no job activity in the subgroup of 35 years or more age, below high school, height of 163cm or above, but there were no significant difference. 5. Rate of preterm delivery still showed better results in the group who had job than the group who had no job when adjusted for variables related, but there was no statistical significance. 6. Rate of low birth weight still showed better results with statistical significance in the group who had job than the group who had no job when adjusted for variables related. 7. Spontaneous abortion had occured less frequently in the group who had job than the group who had no job when adjusted for variables related. 8. Rate of preterm delivery and low birth weight were lower in the group of teacher, bank clerk, medical personnel, citizen servant than the group who had no job, but higher in the job of company employee, commerce. Spontaneous abortion was most frequent in group of commerce, and the group of teacher, company employee showed higher rate of abortion than the group who had no job.

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