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Original Article
- Association between long working hours and liver enzymes: evidence from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007–2017
- Ji-Hun Song, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, Dong-Wook Lee, Jeehee Min, Yu Min Lee, Mo-Yeol Kang
- Ann Occup Environ Med 2022;34:e9. Published online May 13, 2022
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2022.34.e9
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Abstract
Abstract in Korean
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ePub Background Long working hours causes several health risks, but little is known about its effects on the liver. This study aimed to examine the correlation between working hours and abnormal liver enzyme levels.
Methods We used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV–VII. For the final 15,316 study participant, the information on working hours was obtained through questionnaires, and liver enzyme levels, consisting of serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), through blood tests. The relationship between weekly working hours and abnormal levels of liver enzymes was analyzed using multiple logistic regression, and a trend test was also conducted.
Results In male, working ≥ 61 hours per week was significantly associated with elevated AST and ALT levels compared with working 35–52 hours per week. Even after adjusting for covariates, the odds ratios (ORs) of abnormal AST and ALT increased by 1.51 (95% confidence interval: 1.20–2.05) and 1.25 (1.03–1.52), respectively, and a dose-response relationship was observed. This association was more prominent among the high-risk group, such as those aged > 40 years, obese individuals, worker on non-standard work schedule, pink-collar workers, or temporary worker. No correlation was observed in female.
Conclusions Long working hours are associated with abnormal liver function test results in male. Strict adherence to statutory working hours is necessary to protect workers’ liver health.
- 장시간 노동과 간기능 이상의 상관성: 2007-2017 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여
목적
장시간 노동은 여러 가지 건강상의 위험을 초래하지만 간에 미치는 영향에 대해서는 아직까지 알려진 바가 거의 없다. 본 연구는 근로시간과 간기능 이상과의 상관관계를 알아보는 것을 목적으로 하였다.
방법
본 연구를 위해 4-7차 국민건강영양조사 자료를 사용하였다. 최종 연구참여자 15,316명을 대상으로 설문지를 통해 근무시간 정보를 얻었고 혈액검사를 통해 혈청 아스파르테이트아미노트랜스퍼라제(AST)와 알라닌아미노트랜스퍼라제(ALT)로 구성된 간효소치 정보를 얻었다. 다중 로지스틱 회귀 분석을 통해 주당 근무 시간과 간효소 이상 수치와의 관계를 분석하고 추세 검정도 함께 진행하였다.
결과
남성의 경우 주당 35-52시간 일하는 것에 비해, 법정 최대 근로시간을 초과한 주당 53-60시간을 근무하여도 AST 및 ALT 수치의 유의한 상승이 관찰되진 않았으나, 주당 60시간을 초과하여 일하는 경우 유의하게 상승하였다. 공변량을 보정한 후에도 AST와 ALT이상수치의 교차비(ORs)가 각각 1.51 (95% 신뢰 구간: 1.20-2.05) 및 1.25 (1.03-1.52) 증가하여 용량-반응 관계가 관찰되었다. 이 연관성은 40세 이상, 비만인, 비정규시간 근로자, 핑크 칼라 노동자, 임시직 노동자와 같은 고위험군에서 더 두드러졌다. 여성에서는 상관관계가 관찰되지 않았다.
결론
남성의 경우 장시간 노동은 간기능 검사 결과 이상과 관련이 있다. 근로자의 간 건강을 보호하기 위해서는 법정 근로시간을 철저히 준수하는 것이 필요하다. -
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
- Association between long working hours and metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease: a nationwide population-based study in Korea
S.-U. Baek, J.-U. Won, Y.-M. Lee, J.-H. Yoon
Public Health.2024; 232: 188. CrossRef - Long working hours and increased risks of lean non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among Korean men and women
Ga-Young Lim, Yoosoo Chang, Inah Kim, Seungho Ryu, Ria Kwon, Jaechul Song
Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - The associations of health behaviors and working hours with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels in Korean wage workers: a cross-sectional study
Choong-Won Seo, Eun-A Park, Tae-Hyung Yoon
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2023; 14(5): 356. CrossRef
- Association between long working hours and metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease: a nationwide population-based study in Korea
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Research Article
- Relationship between working hours and probability to take alopecia medicine among Korean male workers: a 4-year follow-up study
- Kyung-Hun Son, Byung-Seong Suh, Han-Seur Jeong, Min-Woo Nam, Hyunil Kim, Hyeong-Cheol Kim
- Ann Occup Environ Med 2019;31:e12. Published online July 11, 2019
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2019.31.e12
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Abstract
PDFPubReaderePub
Background Many studies have reported the negative effects of long working hours on various health problems. However, whether hair loss is associated with working hours has been rarely investigated so far. The main purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between long working hours and the development of alopecia among Korean male workers.
Methods A total of 13,391 male workers not to take alopecia medicine in 2013 were followed up to see if they have alopecia medicine after 4 years, and that was used to confirm the alopecia development. Weekly working hours were categorized into three groups: reference working hours (RWH; < 40 hours/week), long working hours (LWH, 40–52 hours/week), and much longer working hours (MLWH; > 52 hours/week). Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate the relationship between long working hours and the development of alopecia after adjusting age, marital status, education, monthly household income, smoking, and work schedule within strata of the covariates.
Results Long working hours was significantly related to the development of alopecia. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for the development of alopecia were 1.57 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21–2.05) for LWH group and 1.74 (95% CI: 1.23–2.47) for MLWH group relative to RWH group.
Conclusions Our findings suggest that unintentional development of alopecia is another potential health consequence of long working hours among Korean male workers. Preventive interventions to promote appropriate and reasonable working hours are required in our society.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- Clinical Patterns of Hair Loss in Men
Natalie Kash, Matt Leavitt, Adam Leavitt, Spencer D. Hawkins, Rahil B. Roopani
Dermatologic Clinics.2021; 39(3): 361. CrossRef - Activation of Hair Cell Growth Factors by Linoleic Acid in Malva verticillata Seed
Hwa Sun Ryu, JiYeon Jeong, Chun Mong Lee, Kwang Sik Lee, Jung-No Lee, Sung-Min Park, Yong-Moon Lee
Molecules.2021; 26(8): 2117. CrossRef
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Research Article
- The association between long working hours and work-related musculoskeletal symptoms of Korean wage workers: data from the fourth Korean working conditions survey (a cross-sectional study)
- Jae-Gwang Lee, Guang Hwi Kim, Sung Won Jung, Sang Woo Kim, June-Hee Lee, Kyung-Jae Lee
- Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:67. Published online December 3, 2018
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0278-0
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Abstract
PDFPubReaderePub
Background It has been reported that long working hours are hazardous to the workers’ health. Especially, work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) have been considered as one of the significant health issues in workplace. The objective of this study was to identify the association between long working hours and work-related musculoskeletal symptoms.
Methods The analysis was conducted using data from the Fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS). Subjects of this study were 24,783 wage workers and divided into three groups according to the weekly working hours, which were ≤ 40, 41–52 and > 52 h. The relationship between long working hours and work-related musculoskeletal symptoms was analyzed by multivariate logistic regression method after adjusting for general, occupational characteristics including specific working motions or postures and psychosocial factors.
Results Approximately 18.4% of subjects worked more than 52 h per week and 26.4 and 16.4% of male subjects and 33.0 and 23.4% of female subjects experienced work-related upper and lower limb pains, respectively, over the last 12 months. Moreover, the prevalence of upper and lower limb pain was increased in both genders as the weekly working hours increased. The odds ratios (ORs) of upper limb pain for those working 41–52 h and more than 52 h per week when adjusted for general, occupational characteristics including specific motions or postures and psychosocial factors were 1.36 and 1.40 for male workers and 1.26 and 1.66 for female workers compared to the reference group, respectively. Furthermore, ORs of lower limb pain for the same weekly working hour groups were 1.26 and 1.47 for male workers and 1.20 and 1.47 for female workers, respectively.
Conclusions Long working hours were significantly related to work-related musculoskeletal symptoms in Korean wage workers and appropriate interventions should be implemented to reduce long working hours that can negatively affect workers’ health.
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Research Article
- The effect of long working hours on 10-year risk of coronary heart disease and stroke in the Korean population: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), 2007 to 2013
- Dong-Wook Lee, Yun-Chul Hong, Kyoung-Bok Min, Tae-Shik Kim, Min-Seok Kim, Mo-Yeol Kang
- Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:64. Published online November 15, 2016
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0149-5
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Abstract
PDFPubReaderePub
Background Recently, the emergence of long working hours and the associated conditions such as coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke have gained attention. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between long working hours and the 10-year-risk of CHD and stroke, estimated by Jee’s health risk-appraisal model for ischemic heart disease.
Methods We analyzed data from Koreans who randomly enrolled in Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–2012 and finally included 13,799 participants. The participants were classified as per their working hours: 0–30 h/week, 31–39 h/week, 40 h/week, 41–50 h/week, 51–60 h/week, 61–70 h/week, 71–80 h/week, and >80 h/week. The risks for CHD and stroke were determined using Jee’s health risk-appraisal model. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the association between working hours and 10-year risk for CHD.
Results The 10-year risks for CHD and stroke were significantly and positively associated with working hours in both men and women. Furthermore, higher risks for CHD and stroke were associated with longer working hours in women.
Conclusion Long working hours are significantly associated with the risks of CHD and stroke, estimated by Jee’s health risk-appraisal model. This study suggests the need for proper management of working hours to reduce CHD risk and stroke risk in the Korean population.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40557-016-0149-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Reiner Rugulies, Emiko Ando, Jose Luis Ayuso-Mateos, Michela Bonafede, Maria Cabello, Cristina Di Tecco, Nico Dragano, Quentin Durand-Moreau, Hisashi Eguchi, Junling Gao, Anne H. Garde, Sergio Iavicoli, Ivan D. Ivanov, Nancy Leppink, Ida E.H. Madsen, Fran
Environment International.2019; 125: 515. CrossRef - The Impact of Working Hours on Cardiovascular Diseases and Moderating Effects of Sex and Type of Work
Wanhyung Lee, Young Joong Kang, Taeshik Kim, Jaesung Choi, Mo-Yeol Kang
Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine.2019; 61(6): e247. CrossRef - Long working hours and stroke among employees in the general workforce of Denmark
Harald Hannerz, Karen Albertsen, Hermann Burr, Martin Lindhardt Nielsen, Anne Helene Garde, Ann Dyreborg Larsen, Jan Hyld Pejtersen
Scandinavian Journal of Public Health.2018; 46(3): 368. CrossRef - Cardiovascular disease risk differences between bus company employees and general workers according to the Korean National Health Insurance Data
Ji-Hoo Yook, Dong-Wook Lee, Min-Seok Kim, Yun-Chul Hong
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub] CrossRef - The Change of Self-Rated Health According to Working Hours for Two Years by Gender
Jia Ryu, Yeogyeong Yoon, Hyunjoo Kim, Chung won Kang, Kyunghee Jung-Choi
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2018; 15(9): 1984. CrossRef - Long weekly working hours and ischaemic heart disease: a follow-up study among 145 861 randomly selected workers in Denmark
Harald Hannerz, Ann Dyreborg Larsen, Anne Helene Garde
BMJ Open.2018; 8(6): e019807. CrossRef - Working hours and all-cause mortality in relation to the EU Working Time Directive: a Danish cohort study
Harald Hannerz, Helle Soll-Johanning
European Journal of Public Health.2018; 28(5): 810. CrossRef - Study on association of working hours and occupational physical activity with the occurrence of coronary heart disease in a Chinese population
Yao Ma, Ying-Jun Wang, Bing-Rui Chen, Hao-Jie Shi, Hao Wang, Mohammad Reeaze Khurwolah, Ya-Fei Li, Zhi-Yong Xie, Yang Yang, Lian-Sheng Wang, Carmine Pizzi
PLOS ONE.2017; 12(10): e0185598. CrossRef
- Barriers and enablers of pelvic floor rehabilitation behaviours in pregnant women with stress urinary incontinence: a qualitative analysis using the theoretical domains framework
- 222 View
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Research Article
- The association between long working hours and hearing impairment in noise unexposed workers: data from the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES 2010–2012)
- Jung-Woo Park, Jin-Soo Park, Seyoung Kim, Minkyu Park, Hyunrim Choi, Sinye Lim
- Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:55. Published online October 6, 2016
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0140-1
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Abstract
PDFPubReaderePub
Background This study is aimed at finding out the relationship between long working hours, one of major job stress elements, and hearing impairment in unexposed workers to occupational and environmental noise.
Methods This study was performed on 1628 regular, full-time wage workers between the age of 25-64 who indicated in the survey of having no experience of exposure to noise, normal otoscopic findings, and not suffering from diabetes based on the data from the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES 2010–2012). The average working hours per week was categorized into 40 h and lower group, more than 40 to 48 h group, more than 48 to 60 h group, and more than 60 h group. The groups were defined as suffering from low or high frequencies hearing impairment if the average hearing threshold for 0.5, 1, 2 kHz or 3, 4, 6 kHz in both ears exceeds 25 dB based on the pure tone audiometry. The association between average weekly working hours and hearing impairment was analyzed using logistic regression after gender stratification.
Results The prevalences of low and high frequencies hearing impairment in male workers were 4.3 and 28.6 %, respectively, which were much higher than female’s prevalence of 2.7 and 11.1 %. For male workers, no significant association was found between average weekly working hours and low and high frequencies hearing impairment. For female workers, odds ratios (OR) of low and high frequencies hearing impairment were 4.22 (95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.09–16.27) and 4.49 (95 % CI 1.73–11.67), respectively, after controlling for several related factors, such as, age, Body Mass Index (BMI), socio-economic status, health-related behavioral, and occupational characteristics variables, in the final model in the group working more than 60 h compared to the group working 40 h and lower. In addition, a dose-response relationship was observed that ORs of low and high frequencies hearing impairment were increased according to increasing average weekly working hours.
Conclusions The association between long working hours and hearing impairment in both low and high frequencies was significant in Korean female workers with a dose-response relationship. Therefore, the law to change the culture of long working hours should be enacted in order to protect the workers’ health and improve the quality of life in Korean workers.
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Citations
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Belgheis Mohammadi, Leila Nazari Robati, Zeinab Tavakol, Mina Movahhed
Health Science Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Characteristics of Auditory Brainstem Response in Night-shift Health Workers
Samir Kumar Singh, Poonam Jyoti Rana, Anita Gupta, Dibyodyuti Samaddar, Hanjabam Barun Sharma
Annals of Neurosciences.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Hearing Impairment and Allostatic Load in Older Adults
Eric Y. Du, Kening Jiang, Michelle C. Carlson, Nicholas S. Reed, Jennifer A. Deal
JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery.2023; 149(7): 597. CrossRef - Association Between Long Working Hours and Chronic Kidney Disease According to Diabetic Status
Ki Duk Kim, Suk-Yong Jang
Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine.2022; 64(3): 190. CrossRef - Long working hours are associated with a higher risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A large population-based Korean cohort study
Yesung Lee, Eunchan Mun, Soyoung Park, Woncheol Lee, Jee-Fu Huang
PLOS ONE.2021; 16(7): e0255118. CrossRef - Can listening-related fatigue influence well-being? Examining associations between hearing loss, fatigue, activity levels and well-being
Jack A. Holman, Benjamin W. Y. Hornsby, Fred H. Bess, Graham Naylor
International Journal of Audiology.2021; 60(sup2): 47. CrossRef - Occupational Differences in C-Reactive Protein Among Working-Age Adults in South Korea
Yongjoo Kim, Masayoshi Zaitsu, Kanami Tsuno, Xiaoyu Li, Sunmin Lee, Soong-nang Jang, Ichiro Kawachi
Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine.2020; 62(3): 194. CrossRef - Audiometric notch for the prediction of early occupational hearing loss and its association with the interleukin-1beta genotype
Nagat M. Amer, Mona M. Taha, Khadiga S. Ibrahim, Heba M. Abdallah, Eman M. El Tahlawy
Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences.2019; 14(3): 289. CrossRef - Long working hours are associated with unmet dental needs in south Korean male adults who have experienced dental pain
Yitak Kim, Sangwon Lee, Juyeong Kim, Eun-Cheol Park, Sung-In Jang
BMC Oral Health.2019;[Epub] CrossRef - Severe hearing impairment and risk of depression: A national cohort study
So Young Kim, Hyung-Jong Kim, Eun-Kyu Park, Jiwon Joe, Songyong Sim, Hyo Geun Choi, Manuel S. Malmierca
PLOS ONE.2017; 12(6): e0179973. CrossRef
- Evaluation of the effect of Nigella sativa oil on the outcome of missed abortion in women: A randomized double‐blind clinical trial
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Research Article
- Long working hours and overweight and obesity in working adults
- Byung-Mi Kim, Bo-Eun Lee, Hye-Sook Park, Young-Ju Kim, Young-Ju Suh, Jeong-youn Kim, Ji-Young Shin, Eun-Hee Ha
- Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:36. Published online August 22, 2016
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0110-7
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Abstract
PDFPubReaderePub
Background Previous studies have identified a link between gender and the various risk factors associated with obesity. We examined obesity risk factors in working adults to identify the effects of differences in body mass index (BMI) and percentage body fat (PBF) between women and men.
Methods A total of 1,120 adults agreed to participate in the study. Data from 711 participants, including 411 women and 300 men, were analyzed. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the effects of risk factors on obesity and being overweight. In addition, the least-squares (LS) means of both BMI and PBF were estimated by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) in a generalized linear model.
Results Increases in BMI and PBF were significantly related to an age > 50 years and long working hours in women after compensating for confounding factors. Using the PBF criterion, the odds ratio (OR) of being overweight or obese in women > 50 years of age who worked for > 9 h a day was 3.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05–11.00). For BMI, women who were > 50 years of age and worked for > 9 h a day were 3.82 times (95% CI, 1.31–11.14) more likely to be overweight or obese than those who were < 50 years of age and worked for < 9 h a day.
Conclusion Obesity in working adults was associated with > 50 years of age and long working hours in women. Further studies are needed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of this relationship and its potential implications for the prevention and management of excess weight and obesity.
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Sasinee Thapsuwan, Sirinya Phulkerd, Aphichat Chamratrithirong, Rossarin Soottipong Gray, Nongnuch Jindarattanaporn, Nutnicha Loyfah, Natjera Thongcharoenchupong, Umaporn Pattaravanich
BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health.2024; 7(1): 78. CrossRef - Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) Modulates Energy Metabolism
and Anti-inflammatory Response in Obesity via Combinatorial Analysis
Fong Fong Liew, Theysshana Visuvanathan, Shalini Vellasamy
The Natural Products Journal.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - The association between long working hours and obstructive sleep apnea assessed by STOP-BANG score: a cross-sectional study
Dong-Wook Lee, Jongin Lee
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health.2023; 96(2): 191. CrossRef - The social determinants of health influencing obesity for the aged in the Pakpoon community context: A qualitative study
Pornchanuch Chumpunuch, Urai Jaraeprapal
International Journal of Nursing Sciences.2022; 9(2): 211. CrossRef - You Can’t Avoid Shift Work? Then Focus on Body Fat Rather than Weight
Eun Kyung Lee
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(5): 756. CrossRef - Maternal working hours and smoking and drinking in adolescent children: based on the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VI and VII
Tae-Hwi Park, Yong-Duk Ahn, Jeong-Bae Rhie
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - Long working hours are associated with a higher risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A large population-based Korean cohort study
Yesung Lee, Eunchan Mun, Soyoung Park, Woncheol Lee, Jee-Fu Huang
PLOS ONE.2021; 16(7): e0255118. CrossRef - Long Working Hours and Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VII
Eyun Song, Jung A. Kim, Eun Roh, Ji Hee Yu, Nam Hoon Kim, Hye Jin Yoo, Ji A. Seo, Sin Gon Kim, Nan Hee Kim, Sei Hyun Baik, Kyung Mook Choi
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - The causes of obesity: an in-depth review
Tahir Omer
Advances in Obesity, Weight Management & Control.2020; 10(4): 90. CrossRef - Association between Occupational Characteristics and Overweight and Obesity among Working Korean Women: The 2010–2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Mi-Jung Eum, Hye-Sun Jung
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(5): 1585. CrossRef - Factors Associated with the Nutritional Status among Male Workers of Iron and Steel Industries in Bara District, Nepal
Raj Kumar Sangroula, Hari Prasad Subedi, Kalpana Tiwari
Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism.2020; 2020: 1. CrossRef - Obesity Fact Sheet in Korea, 2019: Prevalence of Obesity and Abdominal Obesity from 2009 to 2018 and Social Factors
Ga Eun Nam, Yang-Hyun Kim, Kyungdo Han, Jin-Hyung Jung, Eun-Jung Rhee, Seong-Su Lee, Dae Jung Kim, Kwan-Woo Lee, Won-Young Lee
Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome.2020; 29(2): 124. CrossRef - Gender differences and occupational factors for the risk of obesity in the Italian working population
C. Di Tecco, L. Fontana, G. Adamo, M. Petyx, S. Iavicoli
BMC Public Health.2020;[Epub] CrossRef - Long working hours, anthropometry, lung function, blood pressure and blood-based biomarkers: cross-sectional findings from the CONSTANCES study
Marianna Virtanen, Linda Magnusson Hansson, Marcel Goldberg, Marie Zins, Sari Stenholm, Jussi Vahtera, Hugo Westerlund, Mika Kivimäki
Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health.2019; 73(2): 130. CrossRef - Physical fitness, musculoskeletal disorders and body mass index in transport drivers from Barranquilla, Colombia
Martha Mendinueta-Martínez, Yaneth Herazo-Beltrán, José Vidarte-Claros, Estela Crissien-Quiroz, Roberto Rebolledo-Cobos
Revista de la Facultad de Medicina.2019; 67(4): 407. CrossRef - Auswirkungen verkürzter Ruhezeiten auf Gesundheit und Work-Life-Balance bei Vollzeitbeschäftigten: Ergebnisse der BAuA-Arbeitszeitbefragung 2017
Nils Backhaus, Corinna Brauner, Anita Tisch
Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft.2019; 73(4): 394. CrossRef - Evaluation for Fatigue and Accident Risk of Korean Commercial Bus Drivers
Hogil Kim, Tae-Won Jang, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, Seyoung Lee
The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine.2018; 246(3): 191. CrossRef
- Relationship between consumption of high fat, sugar or sodium (HFSS) food and obesity and non-communicable diseases
- 208 View
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Research Article
- The association between long working hours and the metabolic syndrome: evidences from the 5th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of 2010 and 2012
- Jae Uk Jeong, Man Joong Jeon, Joon Sakong
- Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26:53. Published online December 21, 2014
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-014-0053-9
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Abstract
PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives This study was conducted in order to evaluate the association between the working hours of Korean employees and the metabolic syndrome and the effects of long working hours on metabolic syndrome based on the 5th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010-2012).
Methods Based on the 5th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010-2012), 4,456 Korean employees without shift work, aged over 15, who work 30 hours or more per week were targeted in this study. The association between the general characteristics, including age, smoking, alcohol drinking, exercise, and the metabolic syndrome criteria defined by International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and weekly working hours were analyzed. In addition, the association between weekly working hours and the metabolic syndrome of the subjects stratified by gender was analyzed through multiple logistic regression analyses and generalized linear mixed model after adjusting the general characteristics.
Results In the results of stratified analysis by gender, in male subjects, in comparison with the 30-39 weekly working hours group, there were no significant adjusted odds ratios to the other working hours groups. In female subjects, in comparison with the 30-39 weekly working hours group, there were no significant adjusted odds ratios to the other working hours groups. In addition, no trend associations were observed among weekly working hour groups in both stratified genders.
Conclusion No significant differences in prevalence of metabolic syndrome of the subjects stratified by gender were found according to weekly increasing working hours. However, due to some limitations of this study, further prospective studies may be necessary for verification.
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Citations
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Hye-Eun Lee, Ichiro Kawachi
Safety and Health at Work.2023; 14(1): 59. CrossRef - Association between shift work or long working hours with metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of observational studies
Yihui Wang, Li Yu, Yinyan Gao, Lili Jiang, Lin Yuan, Pengju Wang, Yanwen Cao, Xuping Song, Long Ge, Guowu Ding
Chronobiology International.2021; 38(3): 318. CrossRef - Mediation analysis of dietary habits, nutrient intakes, daily life in the relationship between working hours of Korean shift workers and metabolic syndrome : the sixth (2013 ~ 2015) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Yoona Kim, Hyeon Hee Kim, Dong Hoon Lim
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2018; 51(6): 567. CrossRef - Efficacy of high dose vitamin D supplementation in improving serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D among laboratory personnel working at the Nepal National Center for Rheumatic Diseases
Mohan Giri, Bibhuti Upreti, Rakshya Joshi, Jayanti Rai, Binit Vaidya
Biomedical Reports.2017;[Epub] CrossRef - Short sleep duration, shift work, and actual days taken off work are predictive life-style risk factors for new-onset metabolic syndrome: a seven-year cohort study of 40,000 male workers
Osamu Itani, Yoshitaka Kaneita, Mikiko Tokiya, Maki Jike, Atsushi Murata, Sachi Nakagome, Yuichiro Otsuka, Takashi Ohida
Sleep Medicine.2017; 39: 87. CrossRef - The association between long working hours and metabolic syndrome remains elusive
Adriano M. Pimenta, Miguel A. Martinez-Gonzalez
The European Journal of Public Health.2016; 26(3): 377. CrossRef
- Impact of Reduced Working Hours and Night Work Hours on Metabolic Syndrome: A Quasi-Experimental Study
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Research Article
- Association between long working hours and serum gamma-glutamyltransferase levels in female workers: data from the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010-2011)
- Seung-Gwon Park, Yong-Jin Lee, Jung-Oh Ham, Eun-Chul Jang, Seong-Woo Kim, Hyun Park
- Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26:40. Published online December 1, 2014
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-014-0040-1
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Abstract
PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives The present study investigated the association between long working hours and serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) levels, a factor influencing the incidence of cardiovascular disease.
Methods Data from the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010–2011) were used to analyze 1,809 women. Subjects were divided into three groups based on the number of weekly working hours: ≤29, 30–51, and ≥52 hours per week. Complex samples logistic regression was performed after adjusting for general and occupational factors to determine the association between long working hours and high serum GGT levels.
Results The prevalence of high serum GGT levels in groups with ≤29, 30–51, and ≥52 working hours per week was 22.0%, 16.9%, and 26.6%, respectively. Even after adjusting for general and occupational factors, those working 30–51 hours per week had the lowest prevalence of high serum GGT levels. Compared to those working 30–51 hours per week, the odds ratios (OR) of having high serum GGT levels in the groups with ≥52 and ≤29 working hours per week were 1.56 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10–2.23) and 1.53 (95% CI, 1.05–2.24), respectively.
Conclusions Long working hours were significantly associated with high serum GGT levels in Korean women.
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Raymond Noordam, Maxime M. Bos, Heming Wang, Thomas W. Winkler, Amy R. Bentley, Tuomas O. Kilpeläinen, Paul S. de Vries, Yun Ju Sung, Karen Schwander, Brian E. Cade, Alisa Manning, Hugues Aschard, Michael R. Brown, Han Chen, Nora Franceschini, Solomon K.
Nature Communications.2019;[Epub] CrossRef - The association between long working hours and marital status change: middle-aged and educated Korean in 2014–2015
Hyunil Kim, Byung-Seong Suh, Won-Cheol Lee, Han-Seur Jeong, Kyung-Hun Son, Min-Woo Nam, Hyeong-Cheol Kim
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
- Multi-ancestry sleep-by-SNP interaction analysis in 126,926 individuals reveals lipid loci stratified by sleep duration
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Research Article
- Effect of Long Working Hours on Self-reported Hypertension among Middle-aged and Older Wage Workers
- Dong Hyun Yoo, Mo-yeol Kang, Domyung Paek, Bokki Min, Sung-il Cho
- Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26:25-25. Published online September 3, 2014
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-014-0025-0
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Abstract
PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives Many studies have reported an association between overwork and hypertension. However, research on the health effects of long working hours has yielded inconclusive results. The objective of this study was to identify an association between overtime work and hypertension in wage workers 45 years and over of age using prospective data.
Methods Wage workers in Korea aged 45 years and over were selected for inclusion in this study from among 10,254 subjects from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Workers with baseline hypertension and those with other major diseases were excluded. In the end, a total of 1,079 subjects were included. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate hazard ratios and adjust for baseline characteristics such as sex, age, education, income, occupation, form of employment, body mass index, alcohol habit, smoking habit, regular exercise, and number of working days per week. Additional models were used to calculate hazard ratios after gender stratification.
Results Among the 1,079 subjects, 85 workers were diagnosed with hypertension during 3974.2 person-months. The average number of working hours per week for all subjects was 47.68. The proportion of overtime workers was 61.0% (cutoff, 40 h per week). Compared with those working 40 h and less per week, the hazard ratio of subjects in the final model, which adjusted for all selected variables, working 41-50 h per week was 2.20 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19–4.06), that of subjects working 51-60 h per week was 2.40 (95% CI, 1.07–5.39), and that of subjects working 61 h and over per week was 2.87 (95% CI, 1.33–6.20). In gender stratification models, the hazard ratio of the females tended to be higher than that of the males.
Conclusion As the number of working hours per week increased, the hazard ratio for diagnosis of hypertension significantly increased. This result suggests a positive association between overtime work and the risk of hypertension.
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Joonho Ahn, Ji-Hun Song, In-Soo Shin, In Young Cho, Mo-Yeol Kang
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Getu Gamo Sagaro, Ulrico Angeloni, Gopi Battineni, Nalini Chintalapudi, Marzio Dicanio, Mihiretu M Kebede, Claudia Marotta, Giovanni Rezza, Andrea Silenzi, Francesco Amenta
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Haitham Al-Madhagi
Risk Management and Healthcare Policy.2023; Volume 16: 2779. CrossRef - Long working hours associated with elevated ambulatory blood pressure among female and male white-collar workers over a 2.5-year follow-up
Mahée Gilbert-Ouimet, Xavier Trudel, Denis Talbot, Michel Vézina, Alain Milot, Chantal Brisson
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Mo-Yeol Kang
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Wanhyung Lee, Jongin Lee, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, Yu Min Lee, Dong-Wook Lee, Mo-Yeol Kang
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Hao Cheng, Xuan Gu, Zhenan He, Yanqiu Yang
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Sangsoo Han, Yujin Ko, Ji Eun Moon, Young Soon Cho
Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - The negative impact of long working hours on mental health in young Korean workers
Sungjin Park, Hyungdon Kook, Hongdeok Seok, Jae Hyoung Lee, Daeun Lim, Dong-Hyuk Cho, Suk-Kyu Oh, Sergio A. Useche
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Eunchan Mun, Woncheol Lee, Min-Woo Nam, Hyun-Il Kim, Hyeongcheol Kim, Yesung Lee, Soyoung Park
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Takahiko Kudo, Michael H. Belzer
Safety Science.2020; 129: 104813. CrossRef - Long Working Hours and the Prevalence of Masked and Sustained Hypertension
Xavier Trudel, Chantal Brisson, Mahée Gilbert-Ouimet, Michel Vézina, Denis Talbot, Alain Milot
Hypertension.2020; 75(2): 532. CrossRef - Long work hours and decreased glomerular filtration rate in the Korean working population
Dong-wook Lee, Jongin Lee, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, Kyo Yeon Jun, Mo-Yeol Kang
Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2020; 77(10): 699. CrossRef - Long working hours, anthropometry, lung function, blood pressure and blood-based biomarkers: cross-sectional findings from the CONSTANCES study
Marianna Virtanen, Linda Magnusson Hansson, Marcel Goldberg, Marie Zins, Sari Stenholm, Jussi Vahtera, Hugo Westerlund, Mika Kivimäki
Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health.2019; 73(2): 130. CrossRef - Working Hours and Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction and Stroke Among Middle-Aged Japanese Men ― The Japan Public Health Center-Based Prospective Study Cohort II ―
Rie Hayashi, Hiroyasu Iso, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Hiroshi Yatsuya, Isao Saito, Yoshihiro Kokubo, Ehab S. Eshak, Norie Sawada, Shoichiro Tsugane
Circulation Journal.2019; 83(5): 1072. CrossRef - Long weekly working hours and ischaemic heart disease: a follow-up study among 145 861 randomly selected workers in Denmark
Harald Hannerz, Ann Dyreborg Larsen, Anne Helene Garde
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Marianna Virtanen, Mika Kivimäki
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Masanori Munakata
Hypertension Research.2018; 41(8): 553. CrossRef - Secular trends in salt and soy sauce intake among Chinese adults, 1997–2011
Lianlong Yu, Suyun Li, Jinshan Zhao, Junli Zhang, Liansen Wang, Kebo Wang
International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition.2018; 69(2): 215. CrossRef - The Association Between Long Working Hours and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein in Older Aged Individuals
Jongin Lee, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim
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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2016; 13(1): 148. CrossRef - The association between long working hours and hearing impairment in noise unexposed workers: data from the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES 2010–2012)
Jung-Woo Park, Jin-Soo Park, Seyoung Kim, Minkyu Park, Hyunrim Choi, Sinye Lim
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Sadie H. Conway, Lisa A. Pompeii, Robert E. Roberts, Jack L. Follis, David Gimeno
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- Systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between long working hours and hypertension risk
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Research Article
- The Association between Long Working Hours and Self-Rated Health
- Jun-Taek Song, Goeun Lee, Jongho Kwon, Jung-Woo Park, Hyunrim Choi, Sinye Lim
- Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26:2-2. Published online January 20, 2014
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-4374-26-2
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Abstract
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Objectives This study was conducted to determine the number of hours worked per week by full-time wage workers by using the data of the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study (KLIPS), which represents the domestic urban area household, and to determine the association between weekly working hours and the level of self-rated health.
Methods We used data from the 11th KLIPS conducted in 2008. The subjects of this study were 3,699 full-time wage workers between the ages of 25 and 64 years. The association between weekly working hours and self-rated health was analyzed considering socio-demographic characteristics, work environment, and health-related behaviors.
Results Among the workers, 29.7% worked less than 40 hours per week; 39.7%, more than 40 to 52 hours; 19.7%, more than 52 to 60 hours; and 10.9%, more than 60 hours per week. After controlling for socio-demographic variables, work environment-related variables, and health-related behavior variables, the odds ratio (OR) for poor self-rated health for the group working more than 40 hours and up to 52 hours was calculated to be 1.06 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.89-1.27) when the group working less than 40 hours per week was considered the reference. The OR for the group working more than 60 hours was 1.42 (95% CI, 1.10-1.83) and that for the group working more than 52 hours and up to 60 hours was 1.07 (95% CI, 0.86-1.33). After stratification by gender and tenure, the OR of the female workers group and that of the group with a tenure of more than 1 year were found to be significantly higher than those of the other groups.
Conclusions This study showed that workers working more than 60 hours per week have a significantly higher risk of poor self-rated health than workers working less than 40 hours per week. This effect was more obvious for the female workers group and the group with a tenure of more than 1 year. In the future, longitudinal studies may be needed to determine the association between long working hours and various health effects in Korean workers.
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Citations
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Original Article
- The relationship of working hours and work intensity with sleep disturbance among continuous 12 hours day and night shift workers in the automobile factory in Korea
- Mia Son
- Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004;16(1):13-24. Published online March 31, 2004
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2004.16.1.13
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Abstract
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- BACKGROUND
S: The objective of this study is to explore the relationships of working hours and work intensity with sleep disturbance among 12-hour shift workers in the automobile factory in Korea.
METHODS
A questionnaire and a sleep diary were distributed among 2200 (25% of total workers) and 300 workers who were randomly selected in the 8700 workers in one car factory. Among the 300 randomely selected workers, who were randomly selected, 262 workers filled out a sleep diary. For a questionnaire, 2200 (25%) among 8700 workers were randomly selected, 1200 (54% response rate) of whom filled out the questionnaire. The cross-sectional questionnaire and the sleep diary during 14 consecutive days were distributed and collected by workers' representatives, who were trained for the participatory action research in this study. One hundred and sixty workers' sleep diaries and questionnaires were merged by the same worker and used for the analysis in this study. Logistic regression analysis for repeated measurements was modeled using the prevalence of severe sleepiness at work (i.e. Karonlinska Sleepiness Scale 7 or higher) as dependent variable and working hours, sleep pattern, work intensity and health behaviours as independent variables.
RESULTS
The prevalence of severe sleepiness at the end of work was more than 60% after finishing night shift in the automobile factory. The main risk factors related to the severe sleepiness at the end of work were the night shift, long working hours more than 10 hours, the higher frequency of night shift per month, less free time between shifts, poor quality of sleep, deficit of sleeping hours and intensified work (reducing tendency of rest time per day and increasing tendency of additional working time) such as increasing tendency of absolute surplus value.
DISCUSSION
We suggest that the 12-hour shift system, long working hours, intensified work and poor quantity as well as quality of sleep were the main risk factors for the severe sleepiness among the shift workers in the automobile factory in Korea. -
Citations
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