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Association of heavy metal complex exposure and neurobehavioral function of children
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Minkeun Kim, Chulyong Park, Joon Sakong, Shinhee Ye, So young Son, Kiook Baek
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Ann Occup Environ Med 2023;35:e23. Published online July 6, 2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2023.35.e23
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Abstract
Abstract in Korean
PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
- Background
Exposure to heavy metals is a public health concern worldwide. Previous studies on the association between heavy metal exposure and neurobehavioral functions in children have focused on single exposures and clinical manifestations. However, the present study evaluated the effects of heavy metal complex exposure on subclinical neurobehavioral function using a Korean Computerized Neurobehavior Test (KCNT). MethodsUrinary mercury, lead, cadmium analyses as well as symbol digit substitution (SDS) and choice reaction time (CRT) tests of the KCNT were conducted in children aged between 10 and 12 years. Reaction time and urinary heavy metal levels were analyzed using partial correlation, linear regression, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), the weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression and quantile G-computation analysis. ResultsParticipants of 203 SDS tests and 198 CRT tests were analyzed, excluding poor cooperation and inappropriate urine sample. Partial correlation analysis revealed no association between neurobehavioral function and exposure to individual heavy metals. The result of multiple linear regression shows significant positive association between urinary lead, mercury, and CRT. BMKR, WQS regression and quantile G-computation analysis showed a statistically significant positive association between complex urinary heavy metal concentrations, especially lead and mercury, and reaction time. ConclusionsAssuming complex exposures, urinary heavy metal concentrations showed a statistically significant positive association with CRT. These results suggest that heavy metal complex exposure during childhood should be evaluated and managed strictly.
- 소아 신경 행동 기능과 중금속 복합 노출의 관련성
목적 중금속 노출은 많은 국가에서 공중보건 관련해서 큰 과제이다. 중금속 노출에 따른 신경계의 영향을 보기 위한 과거 연구들 에서는 노출의 경우 단일 중금속에 대한 노출을, 노출에 따른 결과로는 임상적 징후 또는 질환의 진단을 중점으로 이루어졌다. 본 연구는 중금속 복합 노출과 준임상적 수준을 포함한 신경 행동 기능의 관계를 확인하기 위해 계획되었다.
방법 소변 중 수은, 납, 카드뮴 분석과 한국형 컴퓨터 신경행동검사중 부호 숫자 짝짓기 검사와 선택 반응 시간 검사를 211명의 10-12세의 소아들에게 시행한 자료를 바탕으로, 반응 시간과 소변 중 중금속 수치를 성별과 연령을 보정하여 편상관분석과 회귀분석으로 분석하였다. 그 중 유의미한 결과가 확인되는 항목에 대해 복합노출에 대한 분석을 Bayesian Kernel Machine regression, Weighted Sum Regression analysis, Quantile G-computation 기법을 활용하여 심층 분석하였다.
결과 부호숫자 짝짓기 검사의 경우 203건, 선택반응 검사의 경우 198건에 대해 분석을 수행하였다. 부호숫자 짝짓기 검사의 경우 단일 중금속과 편상관분석 및 다중회귀분석에서 유의미한 관련성이 보이지 않았다. 선택반응 검사의 경우 편상관분석상 개별 중금속과는 별다른 관계를 보이지 않았으나 다중회귀분석에서 수은 및 납과 유의미한 관련성을 보였다. 복합노출에 대한 분석방법인 Bayesian Kernel Machine regression, Weighted Sum Regression analysis, Quantile G-computation 기법에서 소변 중 중금속과 선택 반응 시간 검사의 반응시간 간에 양의 상관관계를 보였으며, 세 분석에서 비교적 일관되게 복합노출 시 수은과 납이 선택 반응 시간 검사의 반응시간에 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 카드뮴의 경우 뚜렷한 양의 상관관계를 보이지 않거나 그 기여도가 적었다.
결론 본 연구 샘플의 요중 수은, 납, 카드뮴의 범위는 임상적인 증상을 나타낼 수 있는 것으로 알려진 여러 기준 수준에 비해 매우 낮은 수준에 있으나, 그 범위 내에서도 선택 반응 검사와 중금속의 복합노출은 통계적으로 유의한 반응시간 차이를 보였다. 위 결과는 소아 중금속 복합 노출이 매우 낮은 농도 수준에서도 신경계에 영향을 미친다는 가능성을 제시하며, 이는 중금속 노출에 대한 더욱 민감하고 엄격한 관리가 필요함을 보여주는 결과이다.
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- The impact of unfavorable and toxic environmental conditions on autonomic tone modulations while wearing N95 face masks
Valery Erkudov, Andrey Pugovkin, Kenjabek Rozumbetov, Azat Matchanov, Shanika Arachchi, Upaka Rathnayake Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering.2024; 9: 100619. CrossRef - Association Between Multiple Heavy Metal Exposures and Cholesterol Levels in Residents Living Near a Smelter Plant in Korea
Sun-In Moon, Dong-Hyuk Yim, Kyunghi Choi, Sang-Yong Eom, Byung-Sun Choi, Jung-Duck Park, Heon Kim, Yong-Dae Kim Journal of Korean Medical Science.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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Risk assessment of heavy metals in tuna from Japanese restaurants in the Republic of Korea
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Seong-Jin Bae, Kyu-Sik Shin, Chulyong Park, Kiook Baek, So-Young Son, Joon Sakong
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Ann Occup Environ Med 2023;35:e3. Published online February 9, 2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2023.35.e3
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Abstract
Abstract in Korean
PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
- Background
Studies on the risk of mercury (Hg) in Korean fishery products focus primarily on total Hg levels as opposed to methylmercury (MeHg) levels. None of the few studies on MeHg in tuna investigated tuna from Japanese restaurants. Few have evaluated lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) in tuna. Thus, this study aimed to conduct a risk assessment by evaluating heavy metal concentrations in tuna from Japanese restaurants. MethodsThirty-one tuna samples were collected from Japanese restaurants in the Republic of Korea. They were classified according to region and species. The concentration of heavy metals in the samples was analyzed using the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety Food Code method. The rate of exceedance of maximum residue levels (MRLs) and the risk compared to the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) set by the Joint Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives (%PTWI) were evaluated for risk assessment. ResultsThe mean of MeHg, Pb, Cd and As concentrations were 0.56 ± 1.47 mg/kg, 33.95 ± 3.74 μg/kg, 14.25 ± 2.19 μg/kg and 1.46 ± 1.89 mg/kg, respectively. No sample exceeded the MRLs of Pb and Cd, but 9.7% of the samples exceeded the MRL of MeHg. The %PTWIs of MeHg, Pb, Cd and As were 4.2037, 0.0162, 0.0244 and 1.1627, respectively. The %PTWI of MeHg by age group and sex was highest among men aged 19–29 years (10.6494), followed by men aged 30–49 years (7.2458) and women aged 19–29 years (4.8307). ConclusionsWe found that 3 out of 31 samples exceeded the MRL of MeHg. The %PTWI of MeHg showed significant differences based on age and sex, and the value was likely to exceed a safe level depending on individuals’ eating behaviors. Therefore, improved risk management for MeHg is required.
- 한국의 일식집 유통 참치의 중금속(4종) 위해성평가
목적 국내 수산물의 수은에 관한 위해성 연구는 주로 메틸수은이 아닌 총 수은을 대상으로 이루어졌다. 소수의 참치의 메틸수은에 대한 연구들 중 일식점 유통 참치에 대한 연구는 없었다. 참치의 납, 카드뮴 및 비소에 대한 연구도 거의 이루어지지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 일식점 유통 참치의 중금속 농도를 평가하여 위해성평가를 실시하고자 하였다.
방법 참치는 한국의 일식집에서 총 31개의 시료가 수집되었다. 지역과 참치의 종에 따라서 분류하였다. 시료의 중금속 농도는 식품의약품안전처의 식품공전에 따라 분석했다. 위해성평가를 위해서 식품의 잔류허용기준을 초과하는 비율과 FAO/WHO합동식품첨가물 전문가위원회가 설정한 잠정주간섭취허용과 비교한 위험도(%PTWI)를 산출하였다.
결과 메틸수은, 납, 카드뮴 및 비소 농도의 기하평균은 각각 0.56 ± 1.47 mg/kg, 33.95 ± 3.74 μg/kg, 14.25 ± 2.19 μg/kg 및 1.46 ± 1.89 mg/kg이었다. 납과 카드뮴의 경우 잔류허용기준을 초과하는 시료가 없었으나 메틸수은의 경우 시료의 9.7%가 초과했다. 메틸수은, 납, 카드뮴 및 비소의 %PTWI는 4.2037, 0.0162, 0.0244 및 1.1627이었다. 메틸수은의 %PTWI는 19-29세의 남성, 30-49세의 남성, 19-29세의 여성 순으로 높았으며, 그 값은 10.6494, 7.2458, 4.8307이었다.
결론 총 31개의 시료 중 3개에서 메틸수은의 잔류허용기준을 초과하는 것으로 나타났다. 메틸수은의 %PTWI는 연령과 성별에 따라 상당한 차이를 보였고, 그리고 그 값은 섭취행태에 따라서 안전 수준을 초과할 가능성을 보였다. 따라서, 메틸수은에 대한 개선된 안전성 관리 방안이 필요할 것으로 보인다.
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- Metal Load of Potentially Toxic Elements in Tuna (Thunnus albacares)—Food Safety Aspects
József Lehel, Zita Papp, András Bartha, Péter Palotás, Rita Szabó, Péter Budai, Miklós Süth Foods.2023; 12(16): 3038. CrossRef
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Association between exposure to particulate matter and school absences in Korean asthmatic adolescents
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Seongmin Jo, Kiook Baek, Joon Sakong, Chulyong Park
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Ann Occup Environ Med 2022;34:e21. Published online August 22, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2022.34.e21
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Abstract
Abstract in Korean
PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
- Background
Because particulate matter (PM) and asthma are closely related, the prevalence of school absence among adolescents with asthma can be affected by the concentration of PM. We aimed to investigate the relationship between school absences due to asthma and the total number of days that the PM concentration exceeded the standard. MethodsWe used the data from the 16th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey and the PM levels of 17 metropolitan cities and provinces gathered from the AirKorea. Information on the characteristics of asthmatic adolescents and the prevalence of school absence was obtained using a questionnaire, while the PM levels based on the total number of days with poor and very poor PM grades were collected from the AirKorea website. Both χ2 test and logistic regression analysis were performed using the weights presented in the original dataset. ResultsIn the case of particulate matter of 10 microns in diameter or smaller (PM10), the odds ratio (OR) after adjusting for confounders (sex, school year, body mass index, smoking history, diagnosis of allergic rhinitis, diagnosis of atopic dermatitis and city size) was 1.07 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.13) for absents due to asthma when the total days of poor and very poor grades of PM10 (81 μg/m3 or higher) increased by 1 day. In the analysis of particulate matter of 2.5 microns in diameter or smaller (PM2.5), the OR after adjusting for confounders was 1.01 (95% CI: 1.00–1.03) for absents due to asthma when the total number of days with poor and very poor PM2.5 grades (36 μg/m3 or higher) increased by 1 day. ConclusionsA significant association was observed between the total number of days of poor and very poor PM10 and PM2.5 grades and school absence due to asthma; PM can cause asthma exacerbation and affect the academic life.
- 한국 천식 청소년의 미세먼지 노출과 학교 결석과의 상관관계
목적 미세먼지와 천식은 밀접한 관련이 있기 때문에 천식을 앓고 있는 청소년들의 천식악화로 인한 결석률은 미세먼지 농도에 영향을 받을 수 있다. 이번 연구는 일정 기준의 미세먼지 농도를 초과하는 총 일수와 천식 악화로 인한 학교 결석의 관계를 조사했다.
방법 제16차 청소년건강행태조사의 설문결과 중 천식을 진단받은 청소년들을 대상으로 ‘천식으로 인한 학교 결석 여부’를 결과변수로, 에어코리아에서 제공하는 광역시·도의 미세먼지 측정 자료 중 연간 나쁨 및 매우나쁨 등급을 받은 날짜를 미세먼지의 노출 지표로 사용하여 분석하였다. 분석 시 복합표본설계에 따른 가중치를 적용한 카이-제곱 검정과 로지스틱 회귀 분석을 사용하였다.
결과 교란 변수를 보정 후, 1년간 대기 중 PM10 나쁨 및 매우나쁨 등급을 합산한 총 일수가 1일 증가할 때 천식 증상 악화로 인한 학교 결석에 대한 오즈비는 1.06 (95% 신뢰 구간: 1.01–1.13)이었다. PM2.5는 1년간 대기 중 나쁨 및 매우나쁨 등급을 합산한 총 일수가 1일 증가할 때, 천식 증상 악화로 인한 학교 결석에 대한 오즈비는 1.01 (95% 신뢰구간: 1.00–1.02)이었다.
결론 PM10과 PM10의 나쁨 및 매우나쁨 등급을 합산한 총 일수와 천식으로 인한 학교 결석 사이에 유의한 연관성이 관찰되었다.
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The association between mercury concentrations and lipid profiles in the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) cycle 3
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Soo Ho Sohn, Han Cheol Heo, Seongmin Jo, Chulyong Park, Joon Sakong
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Ann Occup Environ Med 2020;32:e19. Published online June 22, 2020
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e19
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Abstract
PDFPubReaderePub
- Background
High concentrations of mercury intake from seafood are known to cause various side effects in humans, including on the nervous system. Various studies have reported the effects of mercury concentrations in humans; however, the association between dyslipidemia, a cardiovascular disease risk factor, and mercury remains controversial. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between mercury accumulation and cholesterol concentrations in a Korean population. MethodsWe analyzed data of a sample of 3,228 respondents obtained from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey cycle 3, surveyed between 2015 and 2017, to determine how lipid profiles changed according to the blood mercury concentrations (BHg) and urine mercury concentrations (UHg). Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the effects of mercury concentrations among various factors affecting blood cholesterol levels. ResultsThe arithmetic mean (AM) of BHg was 2.91 (2.81–3.02) μg/L, and the geometric mean (GM) was 2.71 (2.59–2.85) μg/L. The AM of UHg was 0.52 (0.48–0.56) μg/L, and the GM was 0.35 (0.33–0.38) μg/L. Lipid profiles were more related to the BHg than to the UHg. Total cholesterol (total-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels increased significantly as BHg increased in males, and total-C, triglyceride, and LDL-C levels increased significantly in females. Multiple regression analysis indicated that BHg were significantly associated with total-C, HDL-C, and LDL-C levels. ConclusionsWe found an association between mercury exposure and the risk of dyslipidemia; however, further studies are required to elucidate a causal association.
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- Do blood metals influence lipid profiles? Findings of a cross-sectional population-based survey
Sabit Cakmak, Kimberly Mitchell, Anna Lukina, Robert Dales Environmental Research.2023; 231: 116107. CrossRef - Association of Blood Total Mercury with Dyslipidemia in a sample of U.S. Adolescents: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Database, 2011–2018
Chibuzor Abasilim, Victoria Persky, Mary E. Turyk Hygiene and Environmental Health Advances.2023; 6: 100047. CrossRef - Association of Blood Mercury Level with Liver Enzymes in Korean Adults: An Analysis of 2015–2017 Korean National Environmental Health Survey
Jin-Wook Chung, Dilaram Acharya, Jitendra Kumar Singh, Joon Sakong International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(4): 3290. CrossRef - Heavy metal-induced lipogenic gene aberration, lipid dysregulation and obesogenic effect: a review
Yang Zhou, Frank Peprah Addai, Xinshuang Zhang, Yuelin Liu, Yinfeng Wang, Feng Lin, Alex Tuffour, Jie Gu, Guangxiang Liu, Haifeng Shi Environmental Chemistry Letters.2022; 20(3): 1611. CrossRef - Mercury may reduce the protective effect of sea fish consumption on serum triglycerides levels in Chinese adults: Evidence from China National Human Biomonitoring
Bing Wu, Yingli Qu, Yifu Lu, Saisai Ji, Liang Ding, Zheng Li, Miao Zhang, Heng Gu, Qi Sun, Bo Ying, Feng Zhao, Xulin Zheng, Yidan Qiu, Zheng Zhang, Ying Zhu, Zhaojin Cao, Yuebin Lv, Xiaoming Shi Environmental Pollution.2022; 311: 119904. CrossRef - Misuse of Cardiac Lipid upon Exposure to Toxic Trace Elements—A Focused Review
Kaviyarasi Renu, Anirban Goutam Mukherjee, Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari, Sathishkumar Vinayagam, Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan, Balachandar Vellingiri, Alex George, Ricardo Lagoa, Kamaraj Sattu, Abhijit Dey, Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan Molecules.2022; 27(17): 5657. CrossRef - The effects of chemical mixtures on lipid profiles in the Korean adult population: threshold and molecular mechanisms for dyslipidemia involved
Hai Duc Nguyen, Hojin Oh, Min-Sun Kim Environmental Science and Pollution Research.2022; 29(26): 39182. CrossRef - Association between Heavy Metal Exposure and Dyslipidemia among Korean Adults: From the Korean National Environmental Health Survey, 2015–2017
Do-won Kim, Jeongwon Ock, Kyong-Whan Moon, Choong-Hee Park International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(6): 3181. CrossRef
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Validity assessment of self-reported smoking status in firefighters using the urine cotinine test
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Han Cheol Heo, Young Seok Byun, Soo Ho Sohn, Seong Min Jo, Sung Kyu Park, Joon Sakong
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Ann Occup Environ Med 2020;32:e2. Published online January 2, 2020
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e2
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Abstract
PDFPubReaderePub
- Background
In firefighters, smoking management is important because they are exposed to various harmful substances in their occupational environment. Accurate surveys of smoking status are essential to control tobacco use. The main disadvantage of self-report questionnaires, which are commonly used for investigating smoking status, is the possibility that the subjects' response are invalid. If the validity of firefighters' answers on smoking questionnaires is not adequate, different methods will be needed for investigating smoking status in firefighters. MethodsThis study was conducted on 445 male firefighters from 9 fire stations in Daegu (the city in South Korea) who visited a medical institution for medical checkup in 2016. The urine cotinine test strip (DCT-102; CLIAwaived Inc., cut-off value = 200 ng/mL) was used to classify the actual smoking status and to assess the validity of self-reported smoking status on questionnaires. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of the smoking questionnaires were analyzed. Subjects testing positive in the urine cotinine test (assumed the actual current smokers) were selected. The frequency at which actual current smokers were misclassified as current non-smokers by the questionnaire was calculated. Subjects' characteristics were analyzed for possible association with any discrepancy between self-reported smoking status and urine cotinine test results. ResultsThe smoking rates among firefighters surveyed using the smoking questionnaire and the urine cotinine test were 22.47% and 51.24%, respectively. Of the all subjects, 29.66% (n = 132) were misclassified. The sensitivity of the smoking questionnaire was 42.98%, the specificity was 99.08%, the PPV was 98.00%, and the NPV was 62.32%. In the 228 subjects classified as current actual smokers by the urine cotinine test, 57.02% (n = 130) were misclassified on the questionnaire. The misclassification rate increased with age. The degree of misclassification also increased when subjects had a history of disease. ConclusionsIn present study, the validity of the smoking questionnaire for firefighters was not suitable for investigating smoking status due to low sensitivity. To increase the validity of smoking status monitoring in firefighters, consideration of the various factors like survey environment, subjects' characteristics, and occupational factors is needed.
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- Association between Smoking Status and the Risk of Hip Fracture in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
Se-Won Lee, Jun-Young Heu, Ju-Yeong Kim, Jinyoung Kim, Kyungdo Han, Hyuk-Sang Kwon Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(6): 679. CrossRef - Smoking Prevalence and Factors Associated with False Reporting in Korean Adolescents: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016-2020)
Seong Jun Park, Yoo Bin Seo, Jungun Lee, Seung Hee Kim, Chung Hwan Kim Korean Journal of Family Practice.2022; 12(5): 375. CrossRef - Combustible cigarettes, heated tobacco products, combined product use, and periodontal disease: A cross-sectional JASTIS study
Takashi Yoshioka, Takahiro Tabuchi, Stanton A. Glantz PLOS ONE.2021; 16(3): e0248989. CrossRef - Biomonitoring of smoke exposure in firefighters: A review
Biban Gill, Philip Britz-McKibbin Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health.2020; 15: 57. CrossRef
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Mercury concentration in shark meat from traditional markets of Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea
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Han Cheol Heo, Yeon Hee Lim, Young Seok Byun, Joon Sakong
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Ann Occup Environ Med 2020;32:e3. Published online January 2, 2020
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e3
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Abstract
PDFPubReaderePub
- Background
Although unusually high levels of blood mercury have been reported in the North Gyeongsang Province (Gyeongsangbuk-do), mercury contents from shark meat distributed in this region have not been assessed yet. Thus, this study aims to identify the hazard by evaluating the mercury contents of the shark meat sold in the traditional market of Gyeongsangbuk-do. MethodsThe shark meat in the form of muscle meat was obtained from 15 traditional markets of Gyeongsangbuk-do in the summer and winter of 2013. Out of 105 samples in total, 49 were collected in the summer and 56 in the winter. The total mercury concentration was measured by the combustion-gold amalgamation method using an automatic mercury analyzer (Milestone DMA-80, Milestone). ResultsThe average mercury concentration of shark meat was 2.29 ± 1.77 µg/g, ranging between 0.06–8.93 µg/g with a geometric mean of 1.44 µg/g, which is higher than those reported in many countries. The mercury concentration in 77 of 105 shark meat samples exceeded 1 µg/g. Mercury concentration ranged between 0.09–8.93 µg/g (geometric mean: 1.45) in the summer and 0.06–6.73 µg/g (geometric mean: 1.48) in the winter. ConclusionsShark meat sold in the market contained a substantial amount of mercury. This suggests that it is difficult to reduce mercury intake by simply strengthening the standard level of mercury concentration in shark meat. Therefore, it is need to communication and awareness programs with consumers about hazardous effects of mercury inherent in shark meat.
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- Association of Blood Mercury Level with Liver Enzymes in Korean Adults: An Analysis of 2015–2017 Korean National Environmental Health Survey
Jin-Wook Chung, Dilaram Acharya, Jitendra Kumar Singh, Joon Sakong International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(4): 3290. CrossRef - Increase of blood mercury level with shark meat consumption: A repeated-measures study before and after Chuseok, Korean holiday
Kiook Baek, Chulyong Park, Joon Sakong Chemosphere.2023; 344: 140317. CrossRef - Mercury cycling in Australian estuaries and near shore coastal ecosystems: Triggers for management
William Maher, Frank Krikowa, Michael Ellwood, Detlev Helmig, Ruoyu Sun Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
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Emotional labor and job types of male firefighters in Daegu Metropolitan City
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Sung Kyu Park, Han Cheol Heo, Joon Sakong, Man Joong Jeon
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Ann Occup Environ Med 2019;31:e25. Published online September 26, 2019
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2019.31.e25
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Abstract
PDFPubReaderePub
- Background
Research on the emotional labor of firefighters is actively being carried out, but studies that analyze emotional labor separately by job types, working departments, and other conditions of firefighters are insufficient. The purpose of this study is to investigate the difference in emotional labor level between departments and other conditions of firefighters. MethodsA total of 287 Korean firefighters were included for analysis. The demands of emotional labor and emotional damage were measured using the Korean Emotional Labor Scale. To analyze the conditions and factors affecting the emotional labor level of the firefighters, logistic regression analysis was performed using the emotional labor high risk group as a dependent variable. ResultsThe average score of overall emotional labor level of the firefighters was 47.2 ± 17.3, and the prevalence of high risk firefighters with emotional labor was 27.1%. It was found that the emergency medical service and administration departments showed a higher prevalence of high risk emotional labor firefighters than did other departments. The result of multiple logistic regression analysis for the high risk emotional labor firefighters showed that the adjusted odds ratio of emergency medical service department compared to the reference group (the rescue department) was 2.89 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–8.24). ConclusionsAmong the firefighters, the emergency medical service department is a high risk factor for emotional labor. Therefore, education and prevention training on emotional labor should be more thorough before work shifts.
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- Global prevalence and associated factors of sleep disorders and poor sleep quality among firefighters: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Amir Hossein Khoshakhlagh, Saleh Al Sulaie, Saeid Yazdanirad, Robin Marc Orr, Hossein Dehdarirad, Alireza Milajerdi Heliyon.2023; 9(2): e13250. CrossRef - Microblog User Emotion Analysis Method Based on Improved Hierarchical Attention Mechanism and BiLSTM
Xiao Chen, Xiongliang Xiao, Arpit Bhardwaj Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience.2022; 2022: 1. CrossRef
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Performance assessment on the Korean Computerized Neurobehavioral Test using a mobile device and a conventional computer: an experimental study
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Young Seok Byun, Sung Kyu Park, Joon Sakong, Man Joong Jeon
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Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:55. Published online August 29, 2018
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0264-6
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Abstract
PDFPubReaderePub
- Background
The Korean Computerized Neurobehavioral Test (KCNT) is a psychological assessment tool used as part of Workers’ Special Health Examinations in Korea. Due to the spread of mobile technology, this study aimed to compare results of the KCNT administered on a tablet PC versus a desktop computer, and, therefore, assess the clinical applicability of mobile devices. MethodsA total of 72 participants enrolled in this study. Their age, sex, and years of formal education were collected during an interview, as well as their typing speed. The test battery comprised five subtests: Simple Reaction Time test, Choice Reaction Time test, Digit Addition test, Symbol-Digit Substitution test, and Finger Tapping Speed test. Participants repeated the KCNT test battery in a randomly assigned order using four different testing systems: a desktop computer equipped with a conventional 106-key keyboard (System 1), a desktop computer equipped with a simplified keyboard (System 2), a tablet PC with a simplified 17-key on-screen keyboard (System 3), and a tablet PC equipped with a simplified keyboard (System 4). ResultsResults of the Digit Addition test did not differ significantly for different testing systems. In contrast, results of the Simple Reaction Time test, Choice Reaction Time test, Symbol-Digit Substitution test, and Finger Tapping test were lower for the tablet PC (Systems 3 and 4) compared to the desktop computer (Systems 1 and 2). Systems 1 and 2 did not show significantly different results. Performance on System 3 was inferior to that on System 4, only for the Choice Reaction Time test and Finger Tapping Speed test. There were also significant differences in performance by computer familiarity when adjusted for age and education; however, the performance of each group on the test systems showed similar patterns. ConclusionsIt is not recommended to use a tablet PC to administer the KCNT to evaluate neurobehavioral performance for the Simple Reaction Time test and Choice Reaction Time test; however, tablet PCs with an on-screen keyboard may be used to perform the Digit Addition test, and the Symbol-Digit Substitution test and Finger Tapping Speed test to a limited degree.
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- How Do ImPACT Quick Test Scores Compare with ImPACT Online Scores in Non-Concussed Adolescent Athletes?
R J Elbin, Nathan R D’Amico, Matthew McCarthy, Melissa N Womble, Sydne O’Connor, Philip Schatz Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology.2020; 35(3): 326. CrossRef
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The associations between blood mercury levels and shark meat intake among workers in Gyeongsangbuk-do
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Gun Il Park, Young Seok Byun, Man Joong Jeon, Joon Sakong
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Ann Occup Environ Med 2017;29:29. Published online June 27, 2017
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-017-0185-9
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Abstract
PDFPubReaderePub
- Background
Shark meat is used as sacrificial food in Gyeongsangbuk-do, and is a major source of dietary mercury. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of shark meat intake or the ritual of Jesa on blood mercury levels within workers living in Gyeongsangbuk-do. MethodsThis study was conducted from September 2016 to October 2016 in two cities of Gyeongsangbuk-do. To compare the differences between urban and rural areas, two workplaces each in Daegu as the urban area and Yeongcheon as the rural area were selected. General characteristics and characteristics related to shark meat consumption of the workers were acquired by personal interviews during their health examination. Blood mercury concentrations were analyzed by the gold amalgamation method using a direct mercury analyzer (DMA-80; Milestone Inc., Shelton, CT, USA). ResultsThe shark consumption group had a higher blood mercury concentration than the non-consumption group. The levels of blood mercury increased with the frequency, annual intake, as well as most recent date of shark meat consumption. Moreover, the levels of mercury in blood increased according to the annual frequency of participation in Jesa (times per year) and the annual frequency of shark meat consumption during Jesa (times per year). ConclusionsShark meat intake and the ritual of Jesa contributed to an increase in the blood mercury levels of workers in Gyeongsangbuk-do. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate dietary exposure, occupational as well as other factors that may influence blood mercury concentrations in workers during their health examination, particularly in regions with high mercury exposures.
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- Association between Blood Mercury and Seafood Consumption in Korean Adults: KoNEHS Cycle 4 (2018~2020)
Ji-Eun Oh, Tae-Hyeong Kim, Eun-Hee Lee Biomedical Science Letters.2024; 30(1): 24. CrossRef - Association of Blood Mercury Level with Liver Enzymes in Korean Adults: An Analysis of 2015–2017 Korean National Environmental Health Survey
Jin-Wook Chung, Dilaram Acharya, Jitendra Kumar Singh, Joon Sakong International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(4): 3290. CrossRef - Increase of blood mercury level with shark meat consumption: A repeated-measures study before and after Chuseok, Korean holiday
Kiook Baek, Chulyong Park, Joon Sakong Chemosphere.2023; 344: 140317. CrossRef - Mercury concentration in shark meat from traditional markets of Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea
Han Cheol Heo, Yeon Hee Lim, Young Seok Byun, Joon Sakong Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2020;[Epub] CrossRef - Mercury poisoning in a fisherman working on a pelagic fishing vessel due to excessive tuna consumption
Ji-Sung Ahn, Kyung Wook Kang, Won-Yang Kang, Hyeong-Min Lim, Seunghyeon Cho, Jai-Dong Moon, Won-Ju Park Journal of Occupational Health.2018; 60(1): 89. CrossRef
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The association between blood cadmium level, frequency and amount of gejang (marinated crab) intake
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Chang Yul Choi, Gun Il Park, Young Seok Byun, Man Joong Jeon, Kwang Hae Choi, Joon Sakong
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Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:23. Published online May 14, 2016
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0109-0
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Abstract
PDFPubReaderePub
- Background
Gejang (marinated crab) is a favorite traditional food and a main source of crab intake among Koreans. The present study aimed to identify the possibility of cadmium inflow to the body through gejang; accordingly, the relationship between gejang intake frequency and amount, and blood cadmium concentrations was investigated. MethodsUsing data from the first Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the sixth period in 2013, means and standard errors of blood cadmium concentrations in relation to gejang intake frequency and amount, as well as the monthly intake of gejang, were obtained from 1381 participants for whom data regarding blood cadmium concentration measurements was available. ResultsAfter adjustment for confounding factors, a gejang intake frequency of four or fewer times per week and a monthly intake of 200 cm3 or less had no significant effect on blood cadmium concentrations. However, participants with gejang intake of at least five times per week had a weighted mean cadmium concentration of 2.12 μg/L (p < 0.001), and participants who had a gejang monthly intake of more than 200 cm3 had a weighted mean cadmium concentration of 1.76 μg/L (p < 0.001). ConclusionThese results suggest that to minimize the effect of gejang consumption on blood cadmium level, gejang intake should be limited to four or less times per week and 200 cm3 or less per month. Weekly intake of at least five times and monthly intake of more than 200 cm3 may increase blood cadmium levels.
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- Relationship between crustacean consumption and serum perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) cycle 4
Sung Woo Huh, Seong-yong Cho, Seongyong Yoon, Daehwan Kim, Hyun Woo Park, Jisoo Kang, Keon Woo Kim Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - A Systematic Review on Metal Dynamics and Marine Toxicity Risk Assessment Using Crustaceans as Bioindicators
Paloma de Almeida Rodrigues, Rafaela Gomes Ferrari, Lilian Seiko Kato, Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis, Carlos Adam Conte-Junior Biological Trace Element Research.2022; 200(2): 881. CrossRef - Regular crabmeat consumers do not show increased urinary cadmium or beta-2-microglobulin levels compared to non-crabmeat consumers
Karlee N. Dyck, Shabina Bashir, Graham W. Horgan, Alan A. Sneddon Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology.2019; 52: 22. CrossRef
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Effects of computer familiarity and computer type on the performance of Korean computerized neurobehavioral test
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Nak Joon Baek, Gun Il Park, Young Seok Byun, Man Joong Jeon, Joon Sakong
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Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:44. Published online September 9, 2016
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0129-9
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Abstract
PDFPubReaderePub
- Background
It is thought that computer familiarity has increased significantly since 2004 as well as the use of computers. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of computer familiarity and types of keyboard and computer on the performance of the Korean computerized neurobehavioral test (KCNT), and to identify which parameters of KCNT were affected by aforementioned factors. MethodsA total of 85 subjects were classified into three groups of computer familiarity by Korean typing speed. Their age, gender and the level of education were also collected. The parameters of KCNT included simple reaction time, choice reaction time, addition, symbol digit, and finger tapping speed. The test was conducted using three types of computers: a laptop computer, a laptop computer with a simplified keyboard, and a desktop computer with a simplified keyboard. ResultsParameters including the simple reaction time, choice reaction time, addition, and symbol digit, and the finger tapping speed of non-dominant hand showed no significant differences in the results among the three groups by computer familiarity after age and educational years were controlled as covariates. The mean reaction time of the simple reaction time and the choice reaction time with a simplified keyboard was significantly shorter compared to that with a typical keyboard. With regard to type of computer, the mean reaction time of the simple reaction time and the choice reaction time was significantly reduced when performed with the desktop computer with a simplified keyboard. ConclusionsUnlike previous study results, the choice reaction time, the addition, and the finger tapping speed of dominant hand were the only parameters affected by the computer familiarity. Both the type of keyboard and the type of computer significantly influenced the simple reaction time and the choice reaction time. Therefore, it is recommended to use a desktop computer with a simplified keyboard for such parameters.
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- Participation and engagement in online cognitive testing
Daniel Radosław Sokołowski, Jasmine Pani, Tor Ivar Hansen, Asta Kristine Håberg Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Performance assessment on the Korean Computerized Neurobehavioral Test using a mobile device and a conventional computer: an experimental study
Young Seok Byun, Sung Kyu Park, Joon Sakong, Man Joong Jeon Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
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Urinary arsenic species concentration in residents living near abandoned metal mines in South Korea
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Jin-Yong Chung, Byoung-Gwon Kim, Byung-Kook Lee, Jai-Dong Moon, Joon Sakong, Man Joong Jeon, Jung-Duck Park, Byung-Sun Choi, Nam-Soo Kim, Seung-Do Yu, Jung-Wook Seo, Byeong-Jin Ye, Hyoun-Ju Lim, Young-Seoub Hong
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Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:67. Published online November 22, 2016
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0150-z
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Abstract
PDFPubReaderePub
- Background
Arsenic is a carcinogenic heavy metal that has a species-dependent health effects and abandoned metal mines are a source of significant arsenic exposure. Therefore, the aims of this study were to analyze urinary arsenic species and their concentration in residents living near abandoned metal mines and to monitor the environmental health effects of abandoned metal mines in Korea. MethodsThis study was performed in 2014 to assess urinary arsenic excretion patterns of residents living near abandoned metal mines in South Korea. Demographic data such as gender, age, mine working history, period of residency, dietary patterns, smoking and alcohol use, and type of potable water consumed were obtaining using a questionnaire. Informed consent was also obtained from all study subjects (n = 119). Urinary arsenic species were quantified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/MS). ResultsThe geometric mean of urinary arsenic (sum of dimethylarsinic acid, monomethylarsonic acid, As3+, and As5+) concentration was determined to be 131.98 μg/L (geometric mean; 95% CI, 116.72–149.23) while urinary inorganic arsenic (As3+ and As5+) concentration was 0.81 μg/L (95% CI, 0.53–1.23). 66.3% (n = 79) and 21.8% (n = 26) of these samples exceeded ATSDR reference values for urinary arsenic (>100 μg/L) and inorganic arsenic (>10 μg/L), respectively. Mean urinary arsenic concentrations (geometric mean, GM) were higher in women then in men, and increased with age. Of the five regions evaluated, while four regions had inorganic arsenic concentrations less than 0.40 μg/L, one region showed a significantly higher concentration (GM 15.48 μg/L; 95% CI, 7.51–31.91) which investigates further studies to identify etiological factors. ConclusionWe propose that the observed elevation in urinary arsenic concentration in residents living near abandoned metal mines may be due to environmental contamination from the abandoned metal mine. Trial registrationNot Applicable (We do not have health care intervention on human participants).
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Solomon Demissie, Seblework Mekonen, Tadesse Awoke, Bezatu Mengistie Environmental Health Insights.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Changes in arsenic accumulation and metabolic capacity after environmental management measures in mining area
Chen Zhao, Meng Du, Jun Yang, Guanghui Guo, Lingqing Wang, Yunxian Yan, Xuewen Li, Mei Lei, Tongbin Chen Science of The Total Environment.2023; 855: 158652. CrossRef - Concentrations of blood and urinary arsenic species and their characteristics in general Korean population
Jeong Weon Choi, Yoon Chae Song, Nam-Yong Cheong, Kiyoung Lee, Sunmi Kim, Kyoung-Mu Lee, Kyunghee Ji, Mi-Yeon Shin, Sungkyoon Kim Environmental Research.2022; 214: 113846. CrossRef - MTHFR, As3MT and GSTO1 Polymorphisms Influencing Arsenic Metabolism in Residents Near Abandoned Metal Mines in South Korea
Ulziikhishig Surenbaatar, Byoung-Gwon Kim, Hyun-Jin Son, Seong-Sik Cho, Gwon-Min Kim, Hyoun-Ju Lim, Jung-Yeon Kwon, Ki-Hwan Kim, Young-Seoub Hong Journal of Environmental Health Sciences.2021; 47(6): 530. CrossRef
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Association of cadmium with diabetes in middle-aged residents of abandoned metal mines: the first health effect surveillance for residents in abandoned metal mines
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Hee-seung Son, Soo-geun Kim, Byung-seong Suh, Dong-uk Park, Dae-seon Kim, Seung-do Yu, Yeong-seoub Hong, Jung-duck Park, Byung-kook Lee, Jai-dong Moon, Joon Sakong
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Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:20. Published online August 24, 2015
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0071-2
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Abstract
PDFPubReaderePub
- Objective
The aim of this study was to determine the association between urinary cadmium (U-cd) concentration and diabetes in middle-aged Korean residents of abandoned mines using the first Health Effect Surveillance for Residents in Abandoned Metal mines (HESRAM). MethodsThis study was cross-sectional study conducted on 719 residents between 40–70 years in 38 abandoned metal mines in Korea. Data was collected by HESRAM from 2008 to 2011. The correlation coefficient of U-cd and fasting blood glucose, odds ratio in urinary cadmium tertiles and diabetes prevalence was analyzed according to the sex category. ResultsThe correlation coefficient U-cd concentration and fasting blood glucose was 0.182 in male. Logistic regression analysis in male revealed a third tertile odds ratio of U-cd (2 μg/g creatinine < U-cd) while diabetes prevalence was 1.81 (95 % CI 1.05-3.12) with adjusted age, BMI, smoking and alcohol consumption, region, family income. On the other hand, the odds ratio for third tertile of U-cd (3 μg/g creatinine < U-cd) between diabetes prevalence in female was 1.39 (95 % CI 0.52-3.72) in addition to adjusted menopausal status. ConclusionsEnvironmental exposure to cadmium in abandoned mine residents was associated with diabetes in male. Closed monitoring and periodic evaluation of the health effects of chronic environmental exposure on abandoned mines residents will be needed.
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Soisungwan Satarug Cells.2023; 13(1): 83. CrossRef - Environmental Cadmium Exposure and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Risk: An Overview of Systematic Reviews
Julia Hildebrand, Swarni Thakar, Tonya-Leah Watts, Laura Banfield, Lehana Thabane, Joseph Macri, Stephen Hill, M. Constantine Samaan Exposure and Health.2022; 14(3): 743. CrossRef - Effects of Environmental Exposure to Cadmium and Lead on the Risks of Diabetes and Kidney Dysfunction
Supabhorn Yimthiang, Phisit Pouyfung, Tanaporn Khamphaya, Saruda Kuraeiad, Paleeratana Wongrith, David A. Vesey, Glenda C. Gobe, Soisungwan Satarug International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(4): 2259. CrossRef - Cadmium exposure and risk of diabetes and prediabetes: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis
Tommaso Filippini, Lauren A. Wise, Marco Vinceti Environment International.2022; 158: 106920. CrossRef - Mitigation of Cadmium Toxicity through Modulation of the Frontline Cellular Stress Response
Soisungwan Satarug, David A. Vesey, Glenda C. Gobe Stresses.2022; 2(3): 355. CrossRef - A benchmark dose analysis for urinary cadmium and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Peng Shi, Huanchang Yan, Xingjun Fan, Shuhua Xi Environmental Pollution.2021; 273: 116519. CrossRef - Environmental pollution and diabetes mellitus
Amany El-Sikaily, Mohamed Helal World Journal of Meta-Analysis.2021; 9(3): 234. CrossRef - Cadmium exposure, fasting blood glucose changes, and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A longitudinal prospective study in China
Lili Xiao, Wei Li, Chunmei Zhu, Shijie Yang, Min Zhou, Bin Wang, Xing Wang, Dongming Wang, Jixuan Ma, Yun Zhou, Weihong Chen Environmental Research.2021; 192: 110259. CrossRef - Associations between metabolic syndrome and four heavy metals: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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Bert B. Little, Robert Reilly, Brad Walsh, Giang T. Vu International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(12): 4558. CrossRef - Advancing Global Health through Environmental and Public Health Tracking
Paolo Lauriola, Helen Crabbe, Behrooz Behbod, Fuyuen Yip, Sylvia Medina, Jan C. Semenza, Sotiris Vardoulakis, Dan Kass, Ariana Zeka, Irma Khonelidze, Matthew Ashworth, Kees de Hoogh, Xiaoming Shi, Brigit Staatsen, Lisbeth E. Knudsen, Tony Fletcher, Danny International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(6): 1976. CrossRef - Assessment of heavy metals by ICP‐OES and their impact on insulin stimulating hormone and carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes
Shakil Saba, Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash, Kanwal Rehman, Uzma Saleem, Fareeha Fiayyaz, Tanvir Ahmad Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology.2020; 47(10): 1682. CrossRef - Evaluation of the association between urinary cadmium levels below threshold limits and the risk of diabetes mellitus: a dose-response meta-analysis
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Cheng-Chin Huang, Chun-Ying Kuo, Ching-Yao Yang, Jui-Ming Liu, Ren-Jun Hsu, Kuan-I Lee, Chin-Chuan Su, Chin-Ching Wu, Ching-Ting Lin, Shing-Hwa Liu, Chun-Fa Huang Toxicology.2019; 425: 152252. CrossRef - Roles of C-reactive protein on the association between urinary cadmium and type 2 diabetes
Lili Xiao, Yun Zhou, Jixuan Ma, Limin Cao, Chunmei Zhu, Wei Li, Dongming Wang, Lieyang Fan, Zi Ye, Weihong Chen Environmental Pollution.2019; 255: 113341. CrossRef - Cadmium Body Burden and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Study
Wenyu Liu, Bin Zhang, Zheng Huang, Xinyun Pan, Xiaomei Chen, Chen Hu, Hongxiu Liu, Yangqian Jiang, Xiaojie Sun, Yang Peng, Wei Xia, Shunqing Xu, Yuanyuan Li Environmental Health Perspectives.2018;[Epub] CrossRef - Heavy Metal Exposure and Metabolic Syndrome: Evidence from Human and Model System Studies
Antonio Planchart, Adrian Green, Cathrine Hoyo, Carolyn J. Mattingly Current Environmental Health Reports.2018; 5(1): 110. CrossRef - Cadmium affects blood pressure and negatively interacts with obesity: Findings from NHANES 1999–2014
Qi Wang, Sheng Wei Science of The Total Environment.2018; 643: 270. CrossRef - Dietary Cadmium Intake and Its Effects on Kidneys
Soisungwan Satarug Toxics.2018; 6(1): 15. CrossRef - Gender-specific differences of interaction between cadmium exposure and obesity on prediabetes in the NHANES 2007–2012 population
Fei Jiang, Xueyuan Zhi, Miao Xu, Bingyan Li, Zengli Zhang Endocrine.2018; 61(2): 258. CrossRef - Association of urinary cadmium with risk of diabetes: a meta-analysis
Yujie Li, Yun Zhang, Weijing Wang, Yili Wu Environmental Science and Pollution Research.2017; 24(11): 10083. CrossRef - Kidney Cadmium Toxicity, Diabetes and High Blood Pressure: The Perfect Storm
Soisungwan Satarug, David A. Vesey, Glenda C. Gobe The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine.2017; 241(1): 65. CrossRef - Current health risk assessment practice for dietary cadmium: Data from different countries
Soisungwan Satarug, David A. Vesey, Glenda C. Gobe Food and Chemical Toxicology.2017; 106: 430. CrossRef - The role of cadmium in obesity and diabetes
Alexey A. Tinkov, Tommaso Filippini, Olga P. Ajsuvakova, Jan Aaseth, Yordanka G. Gluhcheva, Juliana M. Ivanova, Geir Bjørklund, Margarita G. Skalnaya, Eugenia R. Gatiatulina, Elizaveta V. Popova, Olga N. Nemereshina, Marco Vinceti, Anatoly V. Skalny Science of The Total Environment.2017; 601-602: 741. CrossRef - Association between cadmium exposure and diabetes mellitus risk: a prisma-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis
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The association between long working hours and the metabolic syndrome: evidences from the 5th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of 2010 and 2012
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Jae Uk Jeong, Man Joong Jeon, Joon Sakong
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Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26:53. Published online December 21, 2014
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-014-0053-9
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Abstract
PDFPubReaderePub
- Objectives
This study was conducted in order to evaluate the association between the working hours of Korean employees and the metabolic syndrome and the effects of long working hours on metabolic syndrome based on the 5th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010-2012). MethodsBased on the 5th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010-2012), 4,456 Korean employees without shift work, aged over 15, who work 30 hours or more per week were targeted in this study. The association between the general characteristics, including age, smoking, alcohol drinking, exercise, and the metabolic syndrome criteria defined by International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and weekly working hours were analyzed. In addition, the association between weekly working hours and the metabolic syndrome of the subjects stratified by gender was analyzed through multiple logistic regression analyses and generalized linear mixed model after adjusting the general characteristics. ResultsIn the results of stratified analysis by gender, in male subjects, in comparison with the 30-39 weekly working hours group, there were no significant adjusted odds ratios to the other working hours groups. In female subjects, in comparison with the 30-39 weekly working hours group, there were no significant adjusted odds ratios to the other working hours groups. In addition, no trend associations were observed among weekly working hour groups in both stratified genders. ConclusionNo significant differences in prevalence of metabolic syndrome of the subjects stratified by gender were found according to weekly increasing working hours. However, due to some limitations of this study, further prospective studies may be necessary for verification.
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- Impact of Reduced Working Hours and Night Work Hours on Metabolic Syndrome: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Hye-Eun Lee, Ichiro Kawachi Safety and Health at Work.2023; 14(1): 59. CrossRef - Association between shift work or long working hours with metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of observational studies
Yihui Wang, Li Yu, Yinyan Gao, Lili Jiang, Lin Yuan, Pengju Wang, Yanwen Cao, Xuping Song, Long Ge, Guowu Ding Chronobiology International.2021; 38(3): 318. CrossRef - Mediation analysis of dietary habits, nutrient intakes, daily life in the relationship between working hours of Korean shift workers and metabolic syndrome : the sixth (2013 ~ 2015) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Yoona Kim, Hyeon Hee Kim, Dong Hoon Lim Journal of Nutrition and Health.2018; 51(6): 567. CrossRef - Efficacy of high dose vitamin D supplementation in improving serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D among laboratory personnel working at the Nepal National Center for Rheumatic Diseases
Mohan Giri, Bibhuti Upreti, Rakshya Joshi, Jayanti Rai, Binit Vaidya Biomedical Reports.2017;[Epub] CrossRef - Short sleep duration, shift work, and actual days taken off work are predictive life-style risk factors for new-onset metabolic syndrome: a seven-year cohort study of 40,000 male workers
Osamu Itani, Yoshitaka Kaneita, Mikiko Tokiya, Maki Jike, Atsushi Murata, Sachi Nakagome, Yuichiro Otsuka, Takashi Ohida Sleep Medicine.2017; 39: 87. CrossRef - The association between long working hours and metabolic syndrome remains elusive
Adriano M. Pimenta, Miguel A. Martinez-Gonzalez The European Journal of Public Health.2016; 26(3): 377. CrossRef
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The Association between Shift Work and the Metabolic Syndrome in Female Workers
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Han Hui Ye, Jae Uk Jeong, Man Joong Jeon, Joon Sakong
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Ann Occup Environ Med 2013;25:33-33. Published online November 1, 2013
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-4374-25-33
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Abstract
PDFPubReaderePub
- Objective
This study aimed to determine identify any association between shift work and the metabolic syndrome by comparing the prevalence rates of the metabolic syndrome in shift work groups and daytime work groups for female workers. MethodsBased on data from health examinations carried out from April to December of 2012, we selected as our subjects 254 female workers from the Daegu area Dyeing Industrial Complex. We diagnosed the metabolic syndrome using the examination results, and information about age, whether or not they did shift work, job type, smoking habits, drinking habits, exercise habits, and past medical history was collected through self-administered questionnaire surveys and face-to-face interviews. The variables found in a univariate analysis to be significant in the occurrence of the metabolic syndrome - age, drinking habits, exercise habits, and shift work - were included in a logistic regression analysis of the risk of the metabolic syndrome for female workers. ResultsThe prevalence rates of the metabolic syndrome for the total group of study subjects was 11.8%, for daytime workers was 2.8%, and for shift workers was 15.3%. A logistic regression analysis of the odds of the metabolic syndrome for female workers was conducted that included factors associated with the occurrence of the metabolic syndrome: age, drinking habits, exercise habits, and shift work. The results revealed that the odds ratio of the metabolic syndrome in the shift work group, 6.30 (95% CI 1.24-32.15), was significantly higher when compared with the daytime work group. ConclusionShift work appears to have an association with the metabolic syndrome in female workers. Accordingly, we believe that the attention of government agencies and business owners is needed together with the individual practice of health behaviors to manage the metabolic syndrome for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in female shift workers.
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A Case of Lead Poisoning due to a Mixture of Talisman Ash
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Han Hui Ye, Jae Uk Jeong, Nak Joon Baek, Chang Yul Choi, Man Joong Jeon, Joon Sakong
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Ann Occup Environ Med 2013;25:37-37. Published online November 28, 2013
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-4374-25-37
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Abstract
PDFPubReaderePub
- Background
Lead is a metal that has no biological function useful for the human body. In Korea, non-occupational exposure to lead has mostly occurred through taking oriental medicine. However, in this paper we report a case of lead poisoning caused by ingesting talisman material. Case presentationA 16-year-old male patient complained of severe abdominal pain after taking cinnabar, a talisman material. He was diagnosed with lead poisoning accompanied by acute hepatitis. We confirmed that the cinnabar the patient took contained about 10% elemental lead. After symptom management, the patients’ symptoms, liver function test results, and blood lead concentration level improved. ConclusionLead poisoning can be accompanied by hepatitis, although rarely. As we have confirmed that cinnabar as a talisman material is harmful to the human body, measures to prevent its misuse are needed.
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- A systematic review of clinical and laboratory findings of lead poisoning: lessons from case reports
Saeed Samarghandian, Farshad M. Shirazi, Farhad Saeedi, Babak Roshanravan, Ali Mohammad Pourbagher-Shahri, Emad Yeganeh Khorasani, Tahereh Farkhondeh, Jan Olav Aaseth, Mohammad Abdollahi, Omid Mehrpour Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology.2021; 429: 115681. CrossRef - Collective exposure to lead from an approved natural product-derived drug in Korea
Dae-Young Lim, Won-Yang Kang, Ji-Sung Ahn, Seunghyeon Cho, Suwhan Kim, Jai-Dong Moon, Byung-Chan Lee, Won-Ju Park Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2019;[Epub] CrossRef - Lead Poisoning at an Indoor Firing Range
Kyung Wook Kang, Won-Ju Park Journal of Korean Medical Science.2017; 32(10): 1713. CrossRef - Effect of Lead Exposure on the Status of Reticulocyte Count Indices among Workers from Lead Battery Manufacturing Plant
Ravibabu Kalahasthi, Tapu Barman Toxicological Research.2016; 32(4): 281. CrossRef
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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Related Factors in Male Firefighters in a Metropolitan City
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Deuk Yong Shin, Man Joong Jeon, Joon Sakong
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Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2012;24(4):397-409. Published online December 31, 2012
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2012.24.4.397
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- OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted in order to evaluate the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and related factors in male firefighters in Daegu, Korea. METHODS A total of 1,261 firefighters from fire stations in Daegu were the subjects of this study. Each firefighter completed a questionnaire on general and occupational matters, experience of traumatic events, and impact of event scale (IES). The IES questionnaire was administered to subjects in order to determine the high risk group for PTSD. We calculated the IES score and determined that an individual was abnormal if the IES score was over 26. RESULTS The average IES score of the firefighters was 11.0+/-14.3, and the prevalence of high risk firefighters with PTSD was 15.1%. It was found that 40 years of age, fire sergeant, and emergency medical service personnel showed higher prevalence of PTSD than other groups. The most experienced event among traumatic events was 'witness death of victims or patients'. The results of multiple logistic regression analysis for the high risk PTSD group showed that fire sergeant (OR=2.28, 95% CI: 1.28~4.06), fire lieutenant (OR=2.47, 95% CI: 1.14~5.37), fire captain (OR=2.88, 95% CI: 1.11~7.45), firefighting department (OR=2.04, 95% CI: 1.00~4.17), emergency medical service personnel (OR=3.68, 95% CI: 1.47~9.23), total frequency of traumatic events experienced (OR=1.01, 95% CI: 1.00~1.02), and total type of traumatic event experienced (OR=1.35, 95% CI: 1.25~1.46) were significant variables with regards to the reference group (fire fighter and administration department). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the prevalence of PTSD in firefighters is higher than that in the general population, and fire sergeant, fire lieutenant, fire captain, emergency medical service personnel, firefighting department, total frequency of traumatic events experienced, and total type of traumatic event experienced were significant variables for the PTSD high risk group.
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- Non-cancer health risks in firefighters: a systematic review
Jeong Ah Kim, Soo Yeon Song, Wonjeong Jeong, Jae Kwan Jun Epidemiology and Health.2022; 44: e2022109. CrossRef - Predictors of PTSD and CPTSD in UK firefighters
John Langtry, Marcin Owczarek, Donal McAteer, Laurence Taggart, Christina Gleeson, Catherine Walshe, Mark Shevlin European Journal of Psychotraumatology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - Relationship between burnout and PTSD symptoms in firefighters: the moderating effects of a sense of calling to firefighting
Insung Jo, Songhee Lee, Gyhye Sung, Minkyoung Kim, Sanghyuk Lee, Jooeon Park, Kangsoo Lee International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health.2018; 91(1): 117. CrossRef - Stressors of Korean Disaster Relief Team Members during the Nepal Earthquake Dispatch: a Consensual Qualitative Research Analysis
Kangeui Lee, So Hee Lee, Taejin Park, Ji-yeon Lee Journal of Korean Medical Science.2017; 32(3): 507. CrossRef - The Relationships among Experiences of Traumatic Events, Post-traumatic Stress and the Needs for Health Promotion Programs of 119 Paramedics
Mi Suk Kang, Young Im Kim, Hyo Geun Geun Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2017; 28(4): 524. CrossRef - Post-traumatic stress disorder and occupational characteristics of police officers in Republic of Korea: a cross-sectional study
June-Hee Lee, Inah Kim, Jong-Uk Won, Jaehoon Roh BMJ Open.2016; 6(3): e009937. CrossRef - Incident shock and Related Factors in Rescue Workers
Eui-Tae Yoo, Sung-Je Cho Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2013; 14(5): 2225. CrossRef
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The Relationship Between Amalgam Tooth Fillings and Concentration of Blood Mercury in Elementary School Students in Korea
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Kyu Hwa Lee, Man Joong Jeon, Yun Chul Hong, Jong Han Leem, Mi Na Ha, Ho Jang Kwon, Joon Sakong
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Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(4):420-427. Published online December 31, 2011
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.4.420
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The adverse health effects of mercury in dental amalgam have not yet been clarified. This study was conducted to examine the effects of dental amalgam on the concentration of blood mercury in Korean children. METHODS A total of 1,275 students were enrolled in the elementary school in Seoul, Incheon, and Daegu. The number and location of dental amalgam filling of teeth were ascertained by oral examination. Dietary habits-including frequency of seafood intake-and other demographic factors were obtained from the children's parents. The concentration of blood mercury was measured by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer to which a hydride generator was installed. RESULTS The geometric mean of blood mercury concentration was 1.91 microg/L. It was found that elementary school students in Seoul and the 4th grade elementary school students have the lowest concentration of blood mercury among the study groups. Both linear and secondary linear increase of the concentration of blood mercury, depending on the number of dental amalgam fillings, were statistically significant (p-trend < 0.01, p-quadratic < 0.01). As a result of multiple regression analysis on the blood mercury concentration of elementary school students, the regression coefficient (beta) of a dental amalgam filling was found to be 0.027 (standard error = 0.014, p = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS In children, the dental amalgam fillings were significantly contribute to the concentration of blood mercury. To accurately assess the effect of dental amalgam on the concentration of body mercury, further studies using the concentration of urine mercury are needed.
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Assessment of Acquired Color Vision Impairment in Inhalant Abusers
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Myeong Hyo Kim, Yeon Cheol Kim, Kyu Hwa Lee, Man Joong Jeon, Joon Sakong
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Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(4):439-449. Published online December 31, 2011
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.4.439
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This study was conducted in order to evaluate the effects of inhalants on color vision impairment. METHODS The inhalation group consisted of 81 neurotoxic chemical substance abusers at Bugok National Hospital and Institute of Forensic Psychiatry, Ministry of Justice. The control group consisted of 41 employees of Bugok National Hospital. The Lanthony D-15 desaturated hue test was administered to both groups. For the qualitative analysis, we classified the results by the morphological characteristics of color vision impairment. For the quantitative analysis, we calculated the total color distance score (TCDS) and the color confusion index (CCI) and determined that the individual was abnormal if the TCDS was over 65.0 or the CCI was over 1.25. RESULTS The TCDS of the inhalation group was 75.58+/-21.07 and the CCI was 1.34+/-0.37 in the right eye, and 75.47+/-23.63 and 1.34+/-0.42, respectively in the left eye. These results are higher than those found for the control group. In regards to the TCDS, 50 (61.8%) of the abusers in the inhalation group had color vision impairment in the right eye and 48 (59.2%) had impairment in the left eye. 11 (26.8%) of the employees in the control group had color vision impairment in the right eye and 13 (31.7%) had impairment in the left eye. In regards to the CCI, 38 (46.9%) of the abusers in the inhalation group had color vision impairment in the right eye and 35 (43.2%) had impairment in the left eye. 4 (9.8%) of the employees in the control group had color vision impairment in the right eye and 7 (17.0%) had impairment in the left eye. The results of multiple logistic regression analysis for acquired color vision impairment showed that the inhalation period (OR=1.20, 95% CI: 1.03~1.40) was the significant variable. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the inhalation of neurotoxic substances may impair the color vision, and the period inhaled with neurotoxic substances is significant variable affecting on the acquired color vision impairment.
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Association Between Blood Lead Concentration and Computerized Neurobehavioral Performance in Korean Elementary School Students
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Yeon Cheol Kim, Man Joong Jeon, Yun Chul Hong, Chul Gab Lee, Mi Na Ha, Ho Jang Kwon, Joon Sakong
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Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(2):183-191. Published online June 30, 2011
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.2.183
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This study was conducted to evaluate association between computerized neurobehavioral performance and blood lead concentration in Korean elementary school students. METHODS The subjects were 1,077 elementary school students of Seoul, Busan, Daegu and Gwangju. Blood lead concentration was measured and computerized neurobehavioral performance tests were performed. RESULTS Blood lead concentration of the subjects was in the range of 0.20 and 7.39 microg/dl. The geometric mean of the subjects' blood lead concentration was 1.41 microg/dl. As blood lead concentration increased, reaction time to the symbol digit tended to increase significantly and linearly. As a result of LOWESS(locally weighted scatterplot smoothing), increasing reaction time to the symbol digit was observed. CONCLUSIONS As blood lead concentration under the CDC (center for disease control and prevention) reference value increased, reaction time to the symbol digit tended to increase. But, as the number of subjects over 3 microg/dl is small, it is difficult to make a definite conclusion. If confounding variables are controlled properly in a follow-up study, we can obtain a more definite conclusion.
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Citations
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- Association of heavy metal complex exposure and neurobehavioral function of children
Minkeun Kim, Chulyong Park, Joon Sakong, Shinhee Ye, So young Son, Kiook Baek Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Performance assessment on the Korean Computerized Neurobehavioral Test using a mobile device and a conventional computer: an experimental study
Young Seok Byun, Sung Kyu Park, Joon Sakong, Man Joong Jeon Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub] CrossRef - The association between lead concentration in the blood and neurobehavioral performance of children
Dae-Seon Kim, Seungchul Ahn, Seungdo Yu, Eun-Hee Lee Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences.2012; 4(2): 87. CrossRef - Evaluation of reliability of computerized neurobehavioral tests in Korean children
Kyeong-Soo Lee, Man-Joong Jeon, Tae-Yoon Hwang, Chang-Yoon Kim, Joon Sakong NeuroToxicology.2012; 33(5): 1362. CrossRef
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Association of Blood Mercury Level and Neurobehavioral Performance in Korean Elementary School Students
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Joon Sakong, Man Joong Jeon, Sung Ho Yun, Yun Chul Hong, Chul Gab Lee, Young Ki Kim, Mina Ha, Ho Jang Kwon
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Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2010;22(4):324-330. Published online December 31, 2010
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2010.22.4.324
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- OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to examine the effect of blood mercury on neurobehavioral performance in Korean elementary school students. METHODS We measured the blood mercury concentration in 1,077 elementary school students from Seoul, Busan, Daegu and Gwangju, then the students underwent computerized neurobehavioral test. RESULTS The mean concentration of blood mercury of study subjects was 2.10 microg/L. An increased blood mercury was associated with an increased reaction time in digit addition and symbol digit. CONCLUSIONS The blood mercury concentration of study subjects was very high compared to findings in a foreign country. We found several associations between blood mercury level and neurobehavioral performance.
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- Performance assessment on the Korean Computerized Neurobehavioral Test using a mobile device and a conventional computer: an experimental study
Young Seok Byun, Sung Kyu Park, Joon Sakong, Man Joong Jeon Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub] CrossRef - Evaluation of reliability of computerized neurobehavioral tests in Korean children
Kyeong-Soo Lee, Man-Joong Jeon, Tae-Yoon Hwang, Chang-Yoon Kim, Joon Sakong NeuroToxicology.2012; 33(5): 1362. CrossRef
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The Concentration of Cadmium in Urine, and Its Role in Health-risk Assessment of Residents in the Vicinity of Abandoned Mines in Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea
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Sung Ho Yun, Chang Yoon Kim, Tae Yoon Hwang, Kyu Chang Won, Jun Young Do, Se Jin Lee, Yeong Mog Park, Kwan Soo Jun, Gae Ho Lee, Do Young Lee, Kwang Seub Park, Joon Sakong
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Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2010;22(3):251-261. Published online September 30, 2010
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2010.22.3.251
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This study was conducted to assess the concentration of urine cadmium and health risks of residents in the vicinity of abandoned metal mines in Gyeongsangbuk-do. METHODS The concentration of cadmium in the soil, water, and agricultural crops was measured in Gyeongsangbuk-do, Butdeun and Suksan, which have abandoned metal mines. We measured the concentration of cadmium in the urine of residents from the following areas: 78 from village A, 99 from village C and 147 from control areas. Other health-risk assessments were performed on each resident, such as measuring the concentration of beta2-MG and a bone density test. RESULTS In abandoned mine areas, the mean concentration of cadmium was higher in agricultural soil and in the crops than in that of control areas. The concentration of cadmium in the stream exceeded the guideline level. In regard to provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI) of cadmium, the actual intake rate through crops was 33.81%, 72.74% in abandoned mine areas and 5.03%, 6.16% in control areas. Residents in abandoned mine areas, A village and C village had a geometric mean of urine Cd of 1.90 microgram/g cr and 1.45 microgram/g cr. These measurements were significantly higher than those of residents in control areas, B village and D village, 0.59 microgram/g cr and 0.65 microgram/g cr (p<0.01). Following adjustments for age, sex, smoking habit, and occupational history, the concentration of urine cadmium of residents in the Butdeun abandoned meta mine was higher by 1.62 microgram/g cr as compared with the control group (p<0.01). Residents from the Suksan abandoned metal mine also had a higher concentration by 1.07 microgram/g cr (p<0.01). A multiple linear regression analysis was performed for the factors associated with T-score, and this showed that the concentration of urine cadmium was not an influential factor. CONCLUSIONS Based on these measurements, areas with abandoned metal mines contaminated streams, agricultural soil, and crops of the adjacent areas, with cadmium. Because residents in the adjacent areas intake contaminated crops, their urine cadmium was increased. Despite a lack of evidence demonstrating the detrimental effect of increased urine cadmium in residents, an additional study is needed to assess the health risks of residents in the vicinity of abandoned metal mines.
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- Association between levels of exposure to heavy metals and renal function indicators of residents in environmentally vulnerable areas
Jung-Yeon Kwon, Seungho Lee, Ulziikhishig Surenbaatar, Hyoun-Ju Lim, Byoung-Gwon Kim, Sang-Yong Eom, Yong Min Cho, Woo Jin Kim, Byeng-Chul Yu, Kwan Lee, Young-Seoub Hong Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Chronic Exposure to Lead and Cadmium in Residents Living near a Zinc Smelter
HyeJeong Jo, GeunBae Kim, JunYoung Chang, Kwan Lee, ChulWoo Lee, BoEun Lee International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(4): 1731. CrossRef - A study on the correlation between upper airway diseases and urinary heavy metals concentration in household residents
Jihee Choi, Yujin Oh, Yunjae Kim, Munseob Ahn, Ji Young Im, Chung Soo Lee, Heejin Park, Moo-Kyun Park, Bu-Soon Son Journal of Odor and Indoor Environment.2018; 17(1): 78. CrossRef - Comparative Analysis of Offensive Odorants in Urine Samples in Relation to Sample Treatment Conditions
Min-Hee Lee, Yong-Hyun Kim, Sang-Hee Jo, Si-On Choi, Inyoung Sa, Ki-Hyun Kim Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment.2014; 30(5): 492. CrossRef
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Relationship between Blood Lead Concentration and Neurobehavioral Function of Children
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Kwang Seub Park, Jae Yong Park, Joon Sakong
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Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2009;21(2):131-142. Published online June 30, 2009
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2009.21.2.131
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To evaluate effects of lead on the central nervous system of children by measuring blood lead concentration, computerized neurobehavioral function and intelligence of elementary school students. METHODS The study was conducted with 208 elementary school students living in the vicinity of Pohang Industrial Complex in October and November, 2005. Data on demographic characteristics, living environments and lifestyle habits were collected from subjects. RESULTS Blood lead levels of elementary school students ranged from 0.76-4.97 microg/dl, which is below the 10 microg/dl recommended level of CDC. The blood lead levels were similar with those reported in other domestic and international studies. Neurobehavioral tests revealed that most third grade students reacted slowly and their speed declined in simple reaction time (p<0.05), choice reaction time (p<0.05), symbol digit substitution (p<0.01), finger tapping speed nondominant hand (p<0.05) as blood lead levels increased. Sixth grade students demonstrated significance in test performance, and displayed blood lead levels of 2.00-4.00 microg/dl. Results of intelligence testing showed significantly low performance in IQ (p<0.05), vocabulary ability (p<0.05), reasoning ability (p<0.05), mathematical ability (p<0.05) and perception ability (p<0.05) among third grade students who displayed high levels of blood lead concentration. Sixth grade students showed significantly low performance in vocabulary ability (p<0.05) at high level of blood lead concentration. The difference in mean IQ scores between the group with blood lead level of < or =2.00 microg/dl and the group with blood lead level > or =3.00 microg/ dl was 3.21 in third grade students and 4.28 in sixth grade students. Low academic achievement was observed among third grade students (p<0.05) and six grade students (p<0.05) as the average blood lead level increased. Correlation analysis on the association of blood lead concentration with neurobehavioral tests revealed a positive correlation between blood lead levels and reaction time of choice reaction time and symbol digit substitution in third grade students. A positive correlation was observed between blood lead levels and reaction time of symbol digit substitution and finger tapping speed in sixth grade students. There was a negative correlation between blood lead levels and reasoning ability of third grade students (r=-0.247) and vocabulary ability of six grade students (r=-0.255). CONCLUSION There have been few studies on the effects of blood lead on the central nervous systems of children in Korea. The study supports the findings of earlier studies that blood lead has an impact on children. However, the study did not confirm significant association of blood lead concentration with each neurological and motor test conducted for this study due to a small sample size and relatively low blood lead levels of elementary school students. Further studies using a similar assessment methods would be helpful to evaluate the effects of low blood lead levels on the central nervous systems of children.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
- Association of heavy metal complex exposure and neurobehavioral function of children
Minkeun Kim, Chulyong Park, Joon Sakong, Shinhee Ye, So young Son, Kiook Baek Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - The association between lead concentration in the blood and neurobehavioral performance of children
Dae-Seon Kim, Seungchul Ahn, Seungdo Yu, Eun-Hee Lee Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences.2012; 4(2): 87. CrossRef - Evaluation of reliability of computerized neurobehavioral tests in Korean children
Kyeong-Soo Lee, Man-Joong Jeon, Tae-Yoon Hwang, Chang-Yoon Kim, Joon Sakong NeuroToxicology.2012; 33(5): 1362. CrossRef
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Assessment of Changes in Computerized Neurobehavioral Performance across Multiple Test Sessions
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Sung Tae Chung, Man Joong Jeon, Joon Sakong
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Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2007;19(4):251-258. Published online December 31, 2007
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2007.19.4.251
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- OBJECTIVE: A cross-sectional study was performed to assess changes in computerized neurobehavioral performance across multiple test sessions for developing a valid performance level and reducing test time.
METHODS The study was conducted on 118 male car painters exposed to low-dose, mixed organic solvents. The study controls were 113 unexposed reference workers matched for age and educational year from different sections of the same factory. Each worker completed a medical and occupational exam and questionnaire. Three tests of the Swedish Performance Evaluation System (5 minutes of Simple Reaction Time, 9 sessions of Symbol Digit, and 4 sessions of Finger Tapping Speed) were administered to each group. RESULTS The mean age, mean duration of employment, and mean years of education were 33 years, 6.7 years, and 12 years in both groups, respectively. The mean reaction times of the Simple Reaction Time increased with the lapse of time. The known group difference between the exposed and control groups was larger for the first minute than for the successive 3 minutes. Both groups showed improved performance across the first to the seventh sessions on Symbol Digit. Following the seventh session, the performance levels of Symbol Digit had worsened. The t statistic of the two groups was the largest when the two mean reaction times were calculated from the sessions of the fifth to the seventh. In the dominant and non-dominant hands, the number of taps increased and decreased, respectively, across the sessions on Finger Tapping Speed. The known group difference was the largest when comparing the performances from the first to the second sessions. CONCLUSIONS For valid interpretation and timesaving in computerized neurobehavioral tests, the following is recommended: one practice and one test session for Simple Reaction Time, four practice and three test sessions for Symbol Digit, and one practice and two test sessions for Finger Tapping Speed.
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- Effects of computer familiarity and computer type on the performance of Korean computerized neurobehavioral test
Nak Joon Baek, Gun Il Park, Young Seok Byun, Man Joong Jeon, Joon Sakong Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
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The Effects of Indoor Air Quality on the Neurobehavioral Performance of Elementary School Children
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Dae Seop Kim, Sun Ju Kim, Si Young Park, Man Joong Jeon, Gyu Tae Kim, Chang Yoon Kim, Jong Hak Chung, Sung Ok Baek, Joon Sakong
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Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2007;19(1):65-72. Published online March 31, 2007
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2007.19.1.65
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Most studies on the indoor air quality of newly built schools have focused only on the number of schools exceeding a standard or on subjective symptoms, such as sneezing, irritated eyes and an irritated nose. However, there has been no report on how poor indoor air quality affects children's academic performance. This study evaluated the effects of indoor air quality on the neurobehavioral performance of elementary school children. METHODS This study measured the indoor air pollutants and compared children's performance, using a computerized neurobehavioral test, between a newly built and a 12-year-old school. In addition, a questionnaire was administered regarding the indoor air quality related symptoms of children in a newly built and a 12-year-old school. RESULTS In the newly built school, the formaldehyde levels in the 1st and 4th classes with an open window were 34.6 and 27.3 microgram/m3, respectively. The levels in the 1st and 4th classes with the window closed were 80.2 and 127.1 microgram/m3, respectively. In the 12-year-old school, the formaldehyde levels in 1st and 4th class with open and closed window were 12.6 and 7.5 microgram/m3, and 19.8 and 25.2 microgram/m3, respectively. With respect to total volatile organic compounds, the levels in the 1st and 4th classes with the window open in the newly built school were 87.2 and 428.2 microgram/m3, respectively. In the 1st and 4th classes with the window closed, the total volatile organic compounds were 1,283.5 and 1,715.4 microgram/m3, respectively. In the 12-year-old school, the total volatile organic compounds were 240.9 and 150.8 microgram/m3, and 371.9 and 448.0 microgram/m3 in the 1st and 4th classes, respectively. In the case of a newly built school, the performance of the students in the neurobehavioral test in the 4th class with the window closed was 8.3% lower than for those in the 1st class with the window closed, but was only 5.9% lower when the windows were open. There was a statistical significant difference in the total numbers of symptoms between the two schools. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a proper evaluation of the indoor air quality within schools is required into both the level of contamination and the health effects of these contaminants toward children.
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- Performance assessment on the Korean Computerized Neurobehavioral Test using a mobile device and a conventional computer: an experimental study
Young Seok Byun, Sung Kyu Park, Joon Sakong, Man Joong Jeon Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub] CrossRef - Occupational Neurologic Disorders in Korea
Yangho Kim, Kyoung Sook Jeong, Yong-Hun Yun, Myoung-Soon Oh Journal of Clinical Neurology.2010; 6(2): 64. CrossRef
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The Health Effects of Formaldehyde during an Anatomy Dissection Course
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Si Young Park, Chang Yoon Kim, Joo Young Kim, Joon Sakong
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Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2006;18(3):171-178. Published online September 30, 2006
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2006.18.3.171
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This study evaluated the acute health effect of formaldehyde during an anatomy dissection course. METHODS The formaldehyde concentrations in a gross anatomy laboratory were measured and analyzed during an anatomy dissection course attended by eighty medical students. The Pulmonary Function Test and three tests of the Korean Computerized Neurobehavioral Test (digit classification, digit addition and symbol digit) were given to thirty of the eighty medical students at the pre- and post-exposure. A questionnaire survey was administered to the eighty medical students at the pre- and post-exposure. RESULTS The differences in the mean FVC and FEV(1) were statistically significant (p<0.01) at the preand post-exposure. In the low exposed group (<2 ppm), only the decreases in FEV(1) on post-exposure were statistically significant (p<0.05) compared with FEV(1) on pre-exposure. In the high exposed group (> or = 2 ppm), decreases in both FVC and FEV(1) on post-exposure were statistically significant (p<0.05). The overall performance on the digit classification, digit addition and symbol digit of the Korean Computerized Neurobehavioral Test on post-exposure was lower than that on pre-exposure. In the low exposed group, the performances on the digit classification and symbol digit were lower than those on pre-exposure. In the high exposed group, the performances on digit classification, digit addition and symbol digit were lower than those on pre-exposure. Complaints involving the eyes, nose and throat increased substantially on post-practice compared with pre-practice in both groups. There were statistically significant differences in the complaints involving the eyes, nose and throat between the pre-practice and post-practice in both groups (p<0.05). There were more complaints in the high exposed group than in the low exposed group. CONCLUSIONS Formaldehyde exposure during a dissection can decrease the pulmonary function and neurobehavioral performance, and can increase the complaints involving the eyes, nose and throat. The effect on the symptoms, pulmonary function and neurobehavioral performance is positively correlated with the formaldehyde level.
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- Safety and Management Status of Anatomical Labs in Medical Schools
Jae-Hee Park, Kwang-Rak Park, An-Na Bae, Han-Gyu Jeong, Jae-Ho Lee Keimyung Medical Journal.2022; 41(2): 76. CrossRef - Does formaldehyde have a causal association with nasopharyngeal cancer and leukaemia?
Soon-Chan Kwon, Inah Kim, Jaechul Song, Jungsun Park Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub] CrossRef - The effect of formaldehyde on neurobehavioral performance of student during cadaver dissection
Yong Sakong, Hee-Yoon Jo, In-Gook Lee, Kyeong-Soo Lee, Man-Joong Jun Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine.2016; 33(2): 85. CrossRef - A Review on Chemical Exposure and Related Health Risks in Laboratory Workers
Hyae-Jeong Byun, Jeong-Im Park Korean Journal of Environmental Health Sciences.2010; 36(6): 441. CrossRef
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Blood Pb, Urine Cd and Health Assessment of Residents in the Vicinity of Abandoned Mines in Gyeongsangbuk-do
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Jong Hak Chung, Pock Soo Kang, Chang Yoon Kim, Kyung Soo Lee, Tae Yoon Hwang, Gyu Tae Kim, Jong Seo Park, Si Young Park, Dae Seop Kim, Ou Taek Lim, Joon Sakong
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Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;17(3):225-237. Published online September 30, 2005
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2005.17.3.225
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- OBJECTIVES
The objective of this health assessment is to evaluate the health risks that may result from exposure to abandoned mine tailings in Gyeongsangbuk-do. The tailings are remnants from an earlier flotation mill and mining operation that was in business from the early 1930's until 1970. METHODS The soil, stream water, and drinking water in and around three abandoned mine areas, Soochul, Gumjang, Darock, and three control areas located in Gyeongsangbuk-do were analyzed for level of Cd, Pb, Cu, As, and Hg. Potential chronic health effects were evaluated by interview and medical examination. RESULTS Some soil and stream samples exceeded the Korean standard for soil contamination in farmland and the Korean standard of water contamination in streams respectively. Blood lead (5.37 microgram/dl) and urine cadmium (2.79 microgram/g Cr) levels of the residents in the vicinity of the abandoned mine sites were significantly higher than of the residents in the control areas (blood lead, 4.34 microgram/dl; urine cadmium, 1.62 microgram/g Cr). There were no significant differences between the mining and control areas in terms of blood pressure, Hb, BUN, creatinine, SGOT, SGPT, fasting blood sugar, and the prevalence of potential chronic diseases. CONCLUSIONS The results of the assessment suggested that the three abandoned mine sites do not pose an apparent health risk to nearby residents. Nevertheless, the elevated blood lead and urine cadmium levels in the residents of the abandoned mine site suggested that it might be an important source of heavy metals contamination. Therefore, a nationwide evaluation program is needed to assess the potential health risks of residents living in the vicinity of abandoned mine sites.
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Ulziikhishig Surenbaatar, Seungho Lee, Jung-Yeon Kwon, Hyunju Lim, Jeong-Jin Kim, Young-Hun Kim, Young-Seoub Hong Toxics.2023; 11(6): 519. CrossRef - Association between levels of exposure to heavy metals and renal function indicators of residents in environmentally vulnerable areas
Jung-Yeon Kwon, Seungho Lee, Ulziikhishig Surenbaatar, Hyoun-Ju Lim, Byoung-Gwon Kim, Sang-Yong Eom, Yong Min Cho, Woo Jin Kim, Byeng-Chul Yu, Kwan Lee, Young-Seoub Hong Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Association of Blood Heavy Metal Levels and Renal Function in Korean Adults
Yoonjin Park, Su-Jung Lee International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(11): 6646. CrossRef - Potential of biochar for clean-up of heavy metal contaminated soil and water
Adaobi Onmonya Yvonne, Galadima Adamu Sadiq, Sadiq Maryam African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology.2022; 16(4): 146. CrossRef - A review on heavy metal and metalloid contamination of vegetables: addressing the global safe food security concern
Sweta, Bhaskar Singh International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry.2022; : 1. CrossRef - Exposure factors of cadmium for residents in an abandoned metal mine area in Korea
Seung Chul Ahn, Jun Young Chang, Jung Sub Lee, Hwa Yon Yu, A-Ra Jung, Jee-Young Kim, Jong-Woo Choi, Young-Seoub Hong, Seung Do Yu, Kyounghee Choi Environmental Geochemistry and Health.2017; 39(5): 1059. CrossRef - Time trend of cadmium intake in Korea
Chan-Seok Moon, Hye-Ran Yang, Haruo Nakatsuka, Masayuki Ikeda Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine.2016; 21(3): 118. CrossRef - Measuring the Environmental Burden of Disease in South Korea: A Population-Based Study
Seok-Jun Yoon, Hyeong-Su Kim, Jongsik Ha, Eun-Jung Kim International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2015; 12(7): 7938. CrossRef - Blood Cadmium Concentration of Residents Living near Abandoned Metal Mines in Korea
Young-Seoub Hong, Byung-Kook Lee, Jung-Duck Park, Joon Sakong, Jae-Wook Choi, Jai-Dong Moon, Dae-Seon Kim, Byoung-Gwon Kim Journal of Korean Medical Science.2014; 29(5): 633. CrossRef - Association of arsenic levels in soil and water with urinary arsenic concentration of residents in the vicinity of closed metal mines
YongMin Cho, SungChul Seo, Seung-Hyun Choi, SeungKil Lee, KyungHee Kim, Hae-Joon Kim, Jae-Wook Choi International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health.2013; 216(3): 255. CrossRef - Relationship between Urine Cadmium and Bone Mineral Density of Residents Around Abandoned Metal Mines
Kyung-Sick Jung, Nam-Soo Kim, Seung-Chul Ahn, Byung-Kook Lee Korean Journal of Environmental Health Sciences.2012; 38(4): 323. CrossRef - The association of heavy metals in blood, fish consumption frequency, and risk of cardiovascular diseases among Korean adults: The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2008-2010)
Ji-Ye Shin, Ji-Myung Kim, Yuri Kim Korean Journal of Nutrition.2012; 45(4): 347. CrossRef - Blood lead levels of residents living around 350 abandoned metal mines in Korea
Nam-Soo Kim, Joon Sakong, Jae-Wook Choi, Young-Seoub Hong, Jai-Dong Moon, Byung-Kook Lee Environmental Monitoring and Assessment.2012; 184(7): 4139. CrossRef - The Effect of Exposure Factors on the Concentration of Heavy Metals in Residents Near Abandoned Metal Mines
Sanghoo Kim, Yong-Min Cho, Seung-Hyun Choi, Hae-Joon Kim, Jaewook Choi Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2011; 44(1): 41. CrossRef - Lessons of Goseong Abandoned Metal Mine Accident
Ho-Jang Kwon Korean Journal of Environmental Health Sciences.2011; 37(5): 335. CrossRef - Relationship between Heavy Metal Concentrations in the Soil with the Blood and Urine of Residents around Abandoned Metal Mines
Bong-Ki Jang, Sang-Il Park, Nam-Soo Kim, Kyung-Sick Jung, Byung-Kook Lee, Jong-Wha Lee Korean Journal of Environmental Health Sciences.2011; 37(5): 348. CrossRef - Blood Lead Level in Populations Resident in Some Abandoned Mine Area
Sun-Ho Song, Sang-Yong Eom, Yong-Dae Kim, Heon Kim, Jang-Soo Hong Journal of Environmental Science International.2010; 19(4): 527. CrossRef - Investigation on Health Effects of an Abandoned Metal Mine
Soyeon Kim, Ho-Jang Kwon, Hae-Kwan Cheong, Kyungho Choi, Jae-Yeon Jang, Woo-Chul Jeong, Dae-Seon Kim, Seungdo Yu, Young-Wook Kim, Kwang-Young Lee, Seoung-Oh Yang, Ik Jae Jhung, Won-Ho Yang, Yun-Chul Hong Journal of Korean Medical Science.2008; 23(3): 452. CrossRef
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Effect of the Type of Computer on Computerized Neurobehavioral Performance Tests
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Gyu Tae Kim, Chang Yoon Kim, Joon Sakong
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Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004;16(3):276-286. Published online September 30, 2004
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2004.16.3.276
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It is difficult to carry and set up a large numbers of computers when computerized neurobehavioral tests are performed to many subjects. There are difficulties in mobilizing and resetting desktop computers and so, the use of desktop computers will decrease due to the recent increasing popularity of laptop computers. However, it is essential that there is no difference between the tests performed on a laptop and on a desktop computer. This study was conducted to estimate the effect that the type of computer has on computerized neurobehavioral performance tests. METHODS Three types of computers were applied. Type 1 was a normal laptop computer. Type 2 was a laptop computer that was remodeled and equipped with a modified keyboard. A common desktop computer with a remodeled keyboard as type 3. The computerized tests included Simple Reaction Time, Choice Reaction Time, Symbol Digit, and Finger Tapping Speed. A total of 60 subjects were examined by the identical tester in the same testing conditions. The computers were randomly allocated, which were used in the test and let examinees take tests with the separate computers. RESULTS There were no significant differences among the computers for the results of the Simple Reaction Time and Finger Tapping Speed tests. The mean reaction time, error number of Choice Reaction Time and mean reaction time, correct mean reaction time, error number of Symbol Digit produced significantly different results among the three types of computers. CONCLUSION This study indicates that with only a laptop computer the Simple Reaction Time test using the space bar was useful. But with the laptop computer, the Choice Reaction Time test using the four-direction key and the Symbol Digit test using the upper end number key were unsuitable. The keyboard should be developed further for the Choice Reaction Time and Symbol Digit tests. Among the three computers, we recommend the use of the desktop computer with the remodeled keyboard which the examinees are familiar with and the laptop computer with the remodeled keyboard.
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- Performance assessment on the Korean Computerized Neurobehavioral Test using a mobile device and a conventional computer: an experimental study
Young Seok Byun, Sung Kyu Park, Joon Sakong, Man Joong Jeon Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub] CrossRef - Effects of computer familiarity and computer type on the performance of Korean computerized neurobehavioral test
Nak Joon Baek, Gun Il Park, Young Seok Byun, Man Joong Jeon, Joon Sakong Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
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Effects of Familiarity with Computer and Type of Keyboard on Computerized Neurobehavioral Performance Tests
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Man Joong Jeon, Chang Yoon Kim, Jong Hak Chung, Woo Taek Lim, Joon Sakong
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Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004;16(2):178-190. Published online June 30, 2004
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2004.16.2.178
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A stratified cross-over study was conducted to evaluate the effects of familiarity with computer on the performance of computerized neurobehavioral tests. Effects of keyboard type on the relationship between familiarity with computer and performance of computerized neurobehavioral tests were also examined. METHODS We tested 70 persons classified into three groups according to degree of familiarity with computer: Group 1 was people with no computer competency, Group 2 had slight working experience on the computer, and Group 3 were highly competent and efficient on the computer. For each group, we executed 4 tests of the Korean version of the Swedish Performance Evaluation System (Simple Reaction Time, Addition, Symbol Digit, and Finger Tapping Speed). Three types of keyboard were applied for all three groups. Type 1 keyboard was a conventional layout with 106 keys. We removed the unused keys except for the 17 which were used in the test and remodeled the normal keyboard into Type 2 keyboard with 17 keys (10 numeric keys, 4 arrow keys, space bar, and both Ctrl keys). Type 3 keyboard with 11 keys consisted of 10 numeric keys and the space bar was newly developed for the computerized neurobehavioral performance test. RESULTS It was found that Simple Reaction Time, Addition, and Finger Tapping Speed were not affected by familiarity with computer and type of keyboard. The mean reaction time of Symbol Digit adjusted by age and educational level with Type 1 keyboard was found to have significant difference among the three groups (F=3.347, p=0.041). The performance of Symbol Digit in Group 1 was found to be significantly lower than that in Group 2. The performances of Symbol Digit measured with Types 2 and 3 keyboards were not found to have significant differences among the three groups. In Groups 1 and 3, the performances of Symbol Digit measured with Type 1 keyboard were found to be significantly lower than those of other keyboards. CONCLUSIONS According to the above results, Simple Reaction Time, Addition, and Finger Tapping Speed have high priority over other neurobehavioral tests for the workers having varying degrees of computer familiarity. It is also suggested that familiarity with computer and keyboard type needs to be considered in interpretation of the performance of Symbol Digit. We recommended executing the computerized neurobehavioral test with keyboards 2 or 3 to reduce the effect of computer familiarity.
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- Performance assessment on the Korean Computerized Neurobehavioral Test using a mobile device and a conventional computer: an experimental study
Young Seok Byun, Sung Kyu Park, Joon Sakong, Man Joong Jeon Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub] CrossRef - Effects of computer familiarity and computer type on the performance of Korean computerized neurobehavioral test
Nak Joon Baek, Gun Il Park, Young Seok Byun, Man Joong Jeon, Joon Sakong Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2016;[Epub] CrossRef - Assessment of Availability of Korean Computerized Neurobehavioral Test in Patients with Brain Injury
Tae-Hoon Kim, Man-Joong Jeon, Joon Sakong The Journal of the Korea Contents Association.2013; 13(6): 339. CrossRef - Neurobehavioral Changes of Shipyard Painters Exposed to Mixed Organic Solvents
Choong Ryeol LEE, Kyoung Sook JEONG, Yangho KIM, Cheol In YOO, Ji Ho LEE, Young Hee CHOI INDUSTRIAL HEALTH.2005; 43(2): 320. CrossRef
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Impact of Subject and Time Related Factors on Reliability of Neurobehavioral Tests
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Joon Sakong, Man Joong Jeon, Nak Jung Sung, Gyu Tae Kim
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Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2003;15(2):188-195. Published online June 30, 2003
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2003.15.2.188
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This study was conducted to select neurobehavioral tests that are more reliable and less affected by subjects characteristics and test conditions. METHODS Five computerized and five traditional neurobehavioral tests and retests were administered to 85 medical school students and 35 hospital workers. The computerized tests consisted of the Simple Reaction Time, Addition, Symbol Digit, Digit Span, and Finger Tapping Speed, while the traditional tests comprised the Benton Visual Retention test, Digit Symbol, Digit Span, Pursuit Aiming, and pegboard. In addition, the effects of various factors on the reliability of the neurobehavioral tests, including age, sex, educational level, computer familiarity, test intervals, and test time of day, were also evaluated. RESULTS Among the computerized neurobehavioral tests, the reliability of Addition, Symbol Digit, Digit Span, and Finger Tapping Speed were not affected significantly by age, sex, test interval, or computer familiarity. It was found that Finger Tapping Speed is not affected by educational level. When the time of retest was incongruous with the time of the first test, test-retest reliability was lower in most neurobehavioral tests except computerized Addition, Digit Span, and Finger Tapping Speed, and traditional Symbol Digit. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the computerized Addition, Symbol digit, Digit Span, and Finger Tapping Speed, and the traditional Digit Symbol are more satisfactory for our purposes. These results should facilitate selection of the most appropriate tests for periodical evaluation of the central nervous system of workers exposed to neurotoxic substances in Korea.
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Assessment of Job Related Cumulative Trauma Disorders of Dentists in Daegu Metropolitan City
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Man Joong Jeon, Joon Sakong, Joong Jung Lee, Hee Kyung Lee, Jong Hak Chung
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Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2001;13(1):55-63. Published online March 31, 2001
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2001.13.1.55
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- OBJECTIVE: To investigate the symptom prevalence and aspects of symptoms for cumulative trauma disorders in dentists and elucidate their associated factors.
METHODS A questionnaire-based investigation on demographic factors, work-related characteristics, psychosocial factors and symptoms of 512 dentists practicing in Daegu metropolitan city was conducted. Subsets of psychosocial characteristics, including job demand(5 items), psychosomatic strain(5 items), job insecurity, and type A behavior were also assessed. For the evaluation of symptoms early developed questionnaire by Song(1997)was used to investigate the parameters related to pains in the neck, shoulder, arm and elbow, wrist, finger, back or discomforts, such as pricking and numbing. RESULTS The symptom prevalence of cumulative trauma disorders, calculated based on NIOSH criteria, was high at 63.3 %; the most frequent site of complaint was the shoulder, followed by neck, back, hand and wrist, knee, foot and ankle. The most common approach position was direction of 9 to 10 o'clock. Most subjects had 5-10 years of work experience and those with such years of experience also complained most frequently of symptoms in the neck and shoulder areas. As to rate of symptom complaint according to the type of dental procedure, the highest rate was associated to periodontic treatment. According to age, those between the age of 30-40 had the highest symptom prevalence rate at 70 %. According to sex, women had the higher symptom prevalence rate. Unmarried subjects also had higher symptom prevalence rate. The results of logistic analysis showed that the higher the psychosomatic strain and job demand, the higher the symptom prevalence rate of cumulative trauma disorders. Moreover, the higher the score of type A behavior, the higher the symptom prevalence rate, and even those who changed the location of their practice for the last three months also showed high symptom prevalence rate. CONCLUSIONS The results of multiple logistic regression analysis, which incorporated demographic, work-related and psychosocial characteristics as independent variables, showed that women were at a higher risk than men in developing cumulative trauma disorders; and that the higher the psychosomatic strain and more frequent type A behavior, the higher the risk of developing cumulative trauma disorders. The above results seem to suggest that not only continual, repeated fine and skillful musculoskeletal movements and lengthy hours in an uncomfortable position but also the psychological stress related to patient satisfaction, can lead to cumulative trauma disorders.
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- Musculoskeletal Disorder Symptoms and Its Related Factors among Male Workers in Manufacturing Industries
Seung-Hyun Lee, Young-Chae Cho Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(10): 6627. CrossRef - Effects of the Health Support Network Project on Musculoskeletal Disorders of Females
Deok-Ju Kim, Hee-Jung Han, Yeong-Ae Yang The Korean Journal of Health Service Management.2015; 9(1): 169. CrossRef - A Study on Effects of the Convergence of musculoskeletal disorders Women with Disabilities on Quality of life in Jeon-nam Area
Je-Ho Min, Hee-Jeong Han Journal of Digital Convergence.2015; 13(9): 497. CrossRef - Preference of Health Care Professionals for Medical Gowns
Yoon Jeong Baek, Sungjin Park, Hyo-Hyun Lee, Oe-Soo Son, Joo-Young Lee Fashion & Textile Research Journal.2014; 16(3): 469. CrossRef - Relationship between occupational stress and musculoskeletal symptoms of upper extremities among dental hygienists
So-Young Lee, Hyo-Jin Ko, Byeng-Chul Yu Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene.2012; 12(5): 897. CrossRef - Musculoskeletal Workload Evaluation in Physical Therapist
Youn-Bum Sung, Hyung-Seok Seo, Jung-Ho Lee, Young-Han Park Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2012; 13(9): 3999. CrossRef - Musculoskeletal Disorder Symptoms and Related Factors among Male Workers in Small-scale Manufacturing Industries
Seung-Hyun Lee, Ju-Yeon Lee, Young-Chae Cho Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2012; 13(9): 4025. CrossRef - Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Its Related Factors among Male Workers in a Nonferrous Manufacturing Industry
Yeon-Ok Jeong, Young-Chae Cho Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2012; 13(8): 3552. CrossRef - An influence of operator's posture on the shape of prepared tooth surfaces for fixed partial denture
In-Jae Won, Kung-Rock Kwon, Ahran Pae, Dae-Gyun Choi The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics.2011; 49(1): 38. CrossRef
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Evaluation of Reliability of Traditional and Computerized Neurobehavioral Tests
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Joon Sakong, Jong Hak Chung, Man Joong Jeon, Mal Suk Shin
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Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2000;12(4):494-500. Published online December 31, 2000
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2000.12.4.494
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- OBJECTIVES
Thls study was conducted to select more reliable neurobehavioral tests that are compatible with the characteristlcs of Korean workers and their health management system. METHODS To compare the reliability of neurobehavioral tests, test and retest of five computerized and five traditional neurobehavioral tests administered to 85 medical school students and 35 hospital workers. The computerized tests include Simple reaction time, Addition, Symbol digit, Digit span, and Finger tapping speed, while the traditional tests include the trenton visual retention test, Digit symbol, Digit span, Pursuit aiming, and Pegboard. RESULTS Computerized Addition was found to have the highest test-retest reliability (0.90) of and followed by Finger tapping speed (nondominant hand, 0.89, dominant hand, 0.85), Symbol digit(0.82), and Digit span(0.74). Only two traditional tests, Digit symbol(0.86), and Pursuit aiming(0.72), showed test-retest reliability coefficient greater than 0.70. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the computerized Additions, Symbol digit, Fingel tapping speed, and traditional Digit symbol are more satisfactory for our purposes. These results may allow a reasonable selection of the most appropriate tests for periodical evaluation of central nervous system of workers exposed to neurotoxic substances in Korea.
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- Performance assessment on the Korean Computerized Neurobehavioral Test using a mobile device and a conventional computer: an experimental study
Young Seok Byun, Sung Kyu Park, Joon Sakong, Man Joong Jeon Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub] CrossRef - Analyzing Factors Affecting Cognitive Function in the Elderly using Computerized Neurocognitive Tests
Joohee Shim, Seungwan Kang Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2017; 28(2): 107. CrossRef - Effects of computer familiarity and computer type on the performance of Korean computerized neurobehavioral test
Nak Joon Baek, Gun Il Park, Young Seok Byun, Man Joong Jeon, Joon Sakong Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2016;[Epub] CrossRef - Neurobehavioral function in children with low blood lead concentrations
Jin-Young Min, Kyoung-Bok Min, Sung-Il Cho, Rokho Kim, Joon Sakong, Domyung Paek NeuroToxicology.2007; 28(2): 421. CrossRef - Parental effects on children's neurobehavioral function
Kyoung-Bok Min, Jin-Young Min, Domyung Paek, Joon Sakong, Sung-Il Cho NeuroToxicology.2007; 28(2): 426. CrossRef - Effect of occupational manganese exposure on the central nervous system of welders: 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy and MRI findings
Eun A. Kim, Hae-Kwan Cheong, Dae Seob Choi, Joon Sakong, Jae Wook Ryoo, Injeong Park, Dong Mug Kang NeuroToxicology.2007; 28(2): 276. CrossRef - Cross-Cultural Comparison of Neurobehavioral Performance in Asian Workers
Jong-Hak Chung, Joon Sakong, Pock-Soo Kang, Chang-Yoon Kim, Kyeong-Soo Lee, Man-Joong Jeon, Nak-Jung Sung, Sang-Ho Ahn, Kyu-Chang Won NeuroToxicology.2003; 24(4-5): 533. CrossRef
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Assessment of Neurobehavioral Performance among Welders Exposed to Manganese
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Nak Jung Sung, Joon Sakong, Jong Hak Chung, Dae Seong Kim, Joong Jung Lee, Jong Tae Park
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Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2000;12(3):327-337. Published online September 30, 2000
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2000.12.3.327
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A cross sectional study was carried out in the welders exposed to manganese and control group.
The aim of this study was to assess the adverse effects of manganese on central nervous system of welders. METHODS The study group consisted of 49 welders and the reference group, 49 workers matched with welders for age and educational level in automobile manufacturing company. Concentration of manganese in welding hume, in blood, and cumulative exposure index(CEI) were determined for each subject. For each group, computerized neurobehavioral test including Simple Reaction Time, Digit Symbol, Digit Span, and Finger Tapping Speed of Swedish Performance Evaluation System were applied. RESULTS Exposure level of manganese in welders were very low(mean CEI 0.069). Welders exposed to manganese had slower response speed, slower motor steadiness, and shorter memory span than control group. But these differences were not statistically significant.
The performance of Finger Tapping Speed tended to lower as environmental and biological exposure index got higher. Other neurobehavioral tests were found to have a little association with the exposure indices. CONCLUSIONS There was no significant difference of neurobehavioral performance between welders and control group. This study indicates that Finger Tapping Speed measuring motor steadiness might be a one of useful tests for early detection of adverse effects of welding on central nervous system.
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Nak Joon Baek, Gun Il Park, Young Seok Byun, Man Joong Jeon, Joon Sakong Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2016;[Epub] CrossRef - A Study on the Total, Particle Size-Selective Mass Concentration of Airborne Manganese, and Blood Manganese Concentration of Welders in a Shipbuilding Yard
Jong Su Park, Pan Gyi Kim, Jee Yeon Jeong Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.2015; 25(4): 472. CrossRef - Occupational Psychiatric Disorders in Korea
Kyeong-Sook Choi, Seong-Kyu Kang Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S87. CrossRef - Neurobehavioral Changes of Shipyard Painters Exposed to Mixed Organic Solvents
Choong Ryeol LEE, Kyoung Sook JEONG, Yangho KIM, Cheol In YOO, Ji Ho LEE, Young Hee CHOI INDUSTRIAL HEALTH.2005; 43(2): 320. CrossRef
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Musculoskeletal Disorders and Related Factors of Symphony Orchestra Players
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Nak Jung Sung, Joon Sakong, Jong Hak Chung
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Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2000;12(1):48-58. Published online March 31, 2000
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2000.12.1.48
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- OBJECTIVES
Several studies have shown that performance related musculoskeletal disorders present a significant and common health problem for instrument players. This study was conducted to investigate the symptom prevalence rate of performance-related musculoskeletal disorders and risk factors on symphony orchestra players. METHODS The symptom prevalence rate of musculoskeletal disorders and related factors including demographic factors, occupational factors, psychosocial factors, practice and performance-related behaviors of on 156 symphony orchestra players in Taegu city were surveyed with a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS Instrument players have performed for 14. 6 years in average and worked 4. 9 for years in average as a member of symphony orchestra. The subjects consisted of 106 string players, 48 wind players, and 8 percussion players. The symptom prevalence rate of musculoskeletal disorders according to the NIOSH surveillance criteria was 79. 6 % and operational criteria by authors was 45. 9 %. The prevalence rate of viola players was higher than violin players, and the prevalence rate of the bass players was higher than that of the cello players. In univariate analysis, job insecurity, irregular performance, stress from family problems, and performance related psychosomatic strains had a significant association with the prevalence rate of musculoskeletal disorders. In multiple logistic regression, job insecurity, irregular performance, and stress from family problems were significant variables affecting the prevalence rate of musculoskeletal disorders of instrument players. CONCLUSIONS This study suggest that symphony orchestra players are high risk group of musculoskeletal disorders. Irregular performance schedule and psychosocial stress including job insecurity, and psychosomatic strain were important risk factors of players musculoskeletal disorders. An exercise program such as stretching before and after performance, regular performance schedule and reduction of psychosocial stress might be helpful for prevention of musculoskeletal disorders of instrument players.
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Miguel Pais Clemente, Joaquim Mendes, André Moreira, Ricardo Vardasca, Afonso Pinhão Ferreira, José Manuel Amarante Dentistry Journal.2018; 6(3): 41. CrossRef - The related factors of severity of musculo-skeletal pain in the dental hygienists based on PRECEDE model
Ae-Eun Moon, Jong Park Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene.2015; 15(4): 649. CrossRef - Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Korean Police Personnel
Hak Young Rhee, Jae Hwan Cho, Jong Min Seok, Taek Sang Cho, Woo Jin Jeon, Jin Gu Lee, Sung Kyu Kim Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health.2015; 70(4): 177. CrossRef - Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Symptoms Among Korean Radiation Workers
Jae-Hwan Cho, Moo-Seong Cho, Jae-Ouk Ahn Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health.2015; 70(3): 160. CrossRef - Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Symptoms Among Korean Broadcast Actors
Moon-Hee Park, Ham-Gyum Kim, Jae-Hwan Cho Annals of Global Health.2015; 81(4): 475. CrossRef - Musculoskeletal Disorder Symptoms and Its Related Factors among Male Workers in Manufacturing Industries
Seung-Hyun Lee, Young-Chae Cho Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(10): 6627. CrossRef - The Relationship between Working Environment Factors and Stress and Musculoskeletal Disorders in Dental Hygienists
Ae-Eun Moon Journal of dental hygiene science.2015; 15(4): 472. CrossRef - Musculoskeletale letsels bij musici en dansers
Ron Diercks, Rike Hesselink, Mitzy Reinders TBV – Tijdschrift voor Bedrijfs- en Verzekeringsgeneeskunde.2014; 22(10): 480. CrossRef - A Study on the Work Ability and the Job Stress of the Workers in Manufacturing Industry of Automobile Parts
Yun-Soo Mok, Dong Won Lee, Seong Rok Chang Journal of the Korean Society of Safety.2013; 28(3): 100. CrossRef - Musicians' Medicine: Musculoskeletal Problems in String Players
Han-Sung Lee, Ho Youn Park, Jun O Yoon, Jin Sam Kim, Jae Myeung Chun, Iman W. Aminata, Won-Joon Cho, In-Ho Jeon Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery.2013; 5(3): 155. CrossRef - Associations between Job Stress and Work-related Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Street Sanitation Workers
Hye-Jin Kim, Kyung-Ja June, Gyeyoung Shin, Jina Choo Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2013; 24(3): 314. CrossRef - Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Its Related Factors among Male Workers in a Nonferrous Manufacturing Industry
Yeon-Ok Jeong, Young-Chae Cho Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2012; 13(8): 3552. CrossRef - The Prevalence of Playing-related Musculoskeletal Disorders of Traditional Korean Musical Instrument Player
Jung Yong Kim, Seung Nam Min, Young Jin Cho, Jun Hyeok Choi Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea.2012; 31(6): 749. CrossRef - The Effects of Self Stretching on Shoulder Pain and Shoulder Flexibility of Hospital Nurses
Eun-Ju Jeong, Young Ran Chae Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2012; 14(4): 268. CrossRef - Musculoskeletal Disorder Symptoms and Related Factors among Male Workers in Small-scale Manufacturing Industries
Seung-Hyun Lee, Ju-Yeon Lee, Young-Chae Cho Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2012; 13(9): 4025. CrossRef - Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders among Agricultural Workers
Soo-Jin Lee, Hwan-Jin Park Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea.2011; 30(4): 525. CrossRef - Risk Factors of Work-related Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Disorders in Male Shipyard Workers: Structural Equation Model Analysis
Byung-Chan Park, Hae-Kwan Cheong, Eun-A Kim, Soo Geun Kim Safety and Health at Work.2010; 1(2): 124. CrossRef
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Concentration of Lead, Cadmium, and Mercury in Scalp Hair, Cerebellum, Cerebrum, Heart, Kidney, Liver, Lung and Spleen from Autopsy Subjects : Relationship between Scalp Hair and Internal Organs
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Jong Hak Chung, Chang Yoon Kim, Joon Sakong, Joong Jung Lee, Man Joong Jeon, Seong Kuk Lee, Jeung Sik Kwak, Sung Hwa Park
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Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998;10(4):571-586. Published online December 31, 1998
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1998.10.4.571
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- This study was conducted to measure the lead, cadmium and mercury levels in the scalp hair, cerebellum, cerebrum, heart, kidney, liver, lung, and spleen of the 60 Korean autopsy subjects and assess the relationship among those samples. The mean lead level in the scalp hair was 12.29+/-12.51 microgram/g and no significant difference was detected in lead concentrations between the two sexes. Among the internal organ tissues the cerebrum contained the highest level of lead. This is followed by the cerebellum, spleen and liver respectively. After which the kidney and lung showed a close similarity at relatively low concentrations and the heart contained the lowest concentration. There was also no significant variation found between sexes in a comparison of lead in the internal organ tissues. The concentrations of cadmium in kidney were 127.33+/-89.36 microgram/g and considerably higher than those in the other internal organs. The liver contained the next highest level of cadmium. In both sexes, the consistent difference was noted in the cadmium concentrations of the kidney, heart and spleen. Yet female cadmium level was higher than the male's. The concentrations of mercury in the kidney and liver were 1.26+/-2.89 microgram/g, 0.59+/-0.54 microgram/g and considerably higher than those in the other internal organs. The mean mercury level in the scalp hair was 1.29+/-0.64 microgram/g and no marked difference was noted in both sexes. The lead concentration in the spleen increased with advancing age, though not statistically significance, and most of the internal organ tissues that were examined showed no evidence of increased lead concentration with age. The kidney, cerebrum, spleen and cerebellum showed increased cadmium concentrations with age. Also as well as the internal organ tissues that were examined showed no evidence of increased mercury concentration with age. The lead concentrations in the liver and lung were higher in the urban area than in the rural area, but the lead concentration in the kidney was higher in the rural area. No difference was noted in tissue cadmium and mercury concentrations as to the area of residence either. The physical workers had greater concentrations of lead in cerebellum than did housewives or the unemployed. Yet no difference was noted in the other tissues between the two groups. In the cerebellum, cerebrum, heart, and spleen, the physical workers had greater concentrations of cadmium than students or mental workers. Also physical workers had greater concentrations of cadmium in lung than housewives or the unemployed. In contrast to lead and cadmium, both the housewives and the unemployed had higher concentrations of mercury in cerebellum and cerebrum than physical workers, but there was no difference was noted in the other tissues between the two groups. In the lead concentration, there was no statistically significant correlation between the scalp hair and examined internal organ tissues. There was a close relationship between lead levels in cerebellum and cerebrum (r=0.465, p<0.01), as well as a relationship between the cerebellum and the kidney(r=0.300, p<0.05). There was no statistically significant correlation between the cadmium levels in the scalp hair and in the examined internal organ tissues. Positive correlations were found between the cadmium concentrations in the cerebellum and the cerebrum(r=0.5543, p<0.01), heart(r=0.480, p<0.01), kidney(r=0.376, p<0.01) and spleen(r=0.408, p<0.01). Also positive correlation was found between in the cerebrum and the heart(r=0.377, p<0.01), kidney(r=0.484, p<0.01), liver(r=0.265, p<0.05), lung(r=0.458, p<0.01) and spleen (r=0.483, p<0.01). There was also no statistically significant correlation between the mercury levels in the scalp hair and in the examined internal organ tissues. Positive correlation was found between the mercury concentrations in the cerebellum and cerebrum(r=0.760, p<0.01), heart(r=0.270, p<0.05), liver(r=0.425, p<0.01), lung (r=0.488, p<0.01) and spleen (r=0.534, p<0.01), and also positive correlation was found between in the cerebrum and heart(r=0.376, p<0.01), liver(r=0.350, p<0.01), lung(r=0.554, p<0.01) and spleen (r=0.489, p<0.01). Various epidemiological studies reported usefulness and reliability of using scalp hair as a monitor of a environmental pollutants. In this study, there was statistically significant correlation of lead, cadmium and mercury levels in most of the tissues that were examined, but there was no statistically significant correlation between the lead, cadmium and mercury levels in the scalp hair and most of examined internal organ tissues. The findings of this study would suggest that it is still uncertain to using scalp hair as a biological monitoring.
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- Human Exposure to Metals: Levels in Autopsy Tissues of Individuals Living Near a Hazardous Waste Incinerator
Montse Mari, Martí Nadal, Marta Schuhmacher, Eneko Barbería, Francisco García, José L. Domingo Biological Trace Element Research.2014; 159(1-3): 15. CrossRef - Effect of metallothionein core promoter region polymorphism on cadmium, zinc and copper levels in autopsy kidney tissues from a Turkish population
Zeliha Kayaaltı, Görkem Mergen, Tülin Söylemezoğlu Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology.2010; 245(2): 252. CrossRef
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The Effects of Job Stress on Psychosomatic Strain and Gastrointestinal symptom
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Joon Sakong, Jong Hak Chung, Hea Suk Kim
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Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1997;9(3):530-542. Published online October 31, 1997
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1997.9.3.530
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Abstract
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- No abstract available.
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- Seafarers' perceptions of job demand: A cross-sectional study
Luisa Maria Roberta Tedesco, Pietro Ferrara, Lucia Stromillo, Antonio Arnese, Luciana Albano Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health.2018; 73(5): 278. CrossRef - Relationship Between Job Stress and Turnover Intention Among Nurses in University Hospitals
Hyun-Ran Shin, Young-Chae Cho Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2013; 14(8): 3958. CrossRef - Relationship between Occupational Stress and Gastric Disease in Male Workers
Ho-Seob Lihm, Sang-Hyun Park, Eun-Hee Gong, Jong-Soon Choi, Jung-Won Kim Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2012; 33(5): 311. CrossRef - Effects of Emotional Labor and Occupational Stress on Somatization in Nurses
Mee-Kyung Shin, Hyun Lim Kang Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2011; 17(2): 158. CrossRef
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Interrelation of Neuropsychiatric Symptom and Neurobehavioral Test among Workers Exposed to Organic Solvents
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Joon Sakong, Jong Hak Chung, Hak Yong Lee
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Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1997;9(1):49-60. Published online February 28, 1997
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1997.9.1.49
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- A cross-sectional study of 118 car painters and controls of 113 workers was performed to investigate the interrelation between self-reported neuropsychiatric symptom and neurobehavioral performance using Scandinavian Questionnaire 16, Zung anxiety, depression scale and Swedish performance evaluation system (simple reaction time, symbol digit, digit span, finger tapping speed). The typical symptoms characteristic of painter's syndrome were not found and no significant association was found between solvent exposure and !total score of neuropsychiatric symptom but neurobehavioral performance of simple reaction time, symbol digit and digit span had association with solvent exposure. No significant associations were found between total score of neurotoxic symptom, anxiety scale, depression scale and the neurobehavioral performance. In factor analysis, the factor of questionnaire 16 measuring function of memory demonstrated no significant association with the factor of neurobehavioral test items measuring short term memory.
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- Performance assessment on the Korean Computerized Neurobehavioral Test using a mobile device and a conventional computer: an experimental study
Young Seok Byun, Sung Kyu Park, Joon Sakong, Man Joong Jeon Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub] CrossRef - Occupational Neurological Disorders in Korea
Eun-A Kim, Seong-Kyu Kang Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S26. CrossRef - Usefulness of Color Vision Test for Early Detection of Neurological Damages by Neurotoxic Substances
Eun-Hee Lee, Kyungho Choi, Hong Jae Chae, Domyung Paek Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2008; 41(6): 397. CrossRef
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The Effect of Day and Night Shift on Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease in Automobile: Manufacturing Plant Workers
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Jae Haek Shin, Jung Jeung Lee, Kyeong Soo Lee, Joon Sakong, Chang Yoon Kim, Jong Hak Chung
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Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1995;7(1):28-45. Published online February 28, 1995
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1995.7.1.28
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- An investigation of effects of shift work on cardiovascular risk factors has been carried out on workers of a motor company in Ulsan, for 2 months from 20 April to 20 June,1993. This cross-sectional survey was designed to compare the shift workers (n=420) with day workers (n=88). The study subjects were drawn from workers who were employed in twelve hour shift system. A control group who never experienced shift work was drawn from different sections of the factory. Each worker completed a medical and occupational questionnaire and cardiovascular risk factors such as blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride, apolipoprotein A-1 and B were measured. In univariate analysis, apolipoprotein B and the ratio of apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotem A-1 increased in shift workers. In multiple regression analysis for the systolic blood pressure, shift work was significant independent variable (p=0.059). In multiple regression analysis for the cholesterol, age and body mass index were significant independent variables(p<0.01), but shift work was not a statistically significant independent variable. In multiple regression analysis for the ratio of apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A-1, shift work was significant independent variable (p<0.05). Shift workers who have engaged in shift work more than 5 years have an excess of total cholesterol, apolipoprotein B and ratio of apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A-1 than those who have engaged in shift work less than 5 years (p<0.05). In multiple regression analysis for the cholesterol, duration of shift work was a significant independent variable (p=0.012). In multiple regression analysis for the apolipoprotein B and ratio of apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A-1, duration of shift work was not a significant independent variable.
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A Computer-Administered Neurobehavioral Evaluation of Workers Exposed to Organic Solvents
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Jong Hak Chung, Chang Yoon Kim, Joon Sakong
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Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1994;6(2):219-241. Published online September 30, 1994
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1994.6.2.219
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Abstract
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- A cross-sectional study was performed to evaluate the effects of chronic exposure to solvent on neurobehavioral performance of solvent exposed 89 workers engaged in a video tape manufacturing fatory. A control group of 43 workers was selected fro different sections of the factory.
The mean age and the mean duration of employment were 29 years and 5.4 years. Each workers completed a medical and occupational questionnaire. Adverse effects on the central nervous system were assessed by self reported Scandinavian questionnaire 16, New Anxiety-Depression Scale and seven test of Swedish Performance Evaluation System. These included simple reaction time, choice reaction time, digit classification, finger tapping speed, additions, symbol digit and digit span.
Several potential confounding factors were included as indepedent variables in all analysis of neurobehavioral tests and symptoms. These included age, sex, educational level, familiarity with computer, alcohol drinking and amount of smoking. No significant associations were found between solvent exposure and total symptom score and mood score, Although the mean duration of employment was 5.4 years, comparison of mean performance scores adjusted for confounding factors showed a significantly poorer performance on choice reaction time(p<0.05), digit classification (p<0.01), additions (p<0.01) and symbol digit(p<0.01) in exposed group.
Factor matrix of neurobehavioral tests produced by varimax rotation showed three distinct factors, which correspond to assessments of "memory", "coordination" and "response speed". These factors accounted for 62.6% of the total variance of the sample.
Familiarity with computer was found to be associated with performance of symbol digit and amount of smoking appeared to slow finger tapping speed. Male and college graduate workers have less errors than others. There were no significant correlation between neurotoxic symptom score and performance of neurobehavioral tests.
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- Association of heavy metal complex exposure and neurobehavioral function of children
Minkeun Kim, Chulyong Park, Joon Sakong, Shinhee Ye, So young Son, Kiook Baek Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Effects of computer familiarity and computer type on the performance of Korean computerized neurobehavioral test
Nak Joon Baek, Gun Il Park, Young Seok Byun, Man Joong Jeon, Joon Sakong Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2016;[Epub] CrossRef - Test/re-test Reliability of the CANTAB Batteries to Evaluate the Neuropsychological Function for Korean Adult
Eui-Young kim, 조은형 The Korean Journal of Measurement and Evaluation in Physical Education and Sports Science.2012; 14(1): 11. CrossRef - Occupational Neurological Disorders in Korea
Eun-A Kim, Seong-Kyu Kang Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S26. CrossRef - Neurobehavioral Changes of Shipyard Painters Exposed to Mixed Organic Solvents
Choong Ryeol LEE, Kyoung Sook JEONG, Yangho KIM, Cheol In YOO, Ji Ho LEE, Young Hee CHOI INDUSTRIAL HEALTH.2005; 43(2): 320. CrossRef
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