Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Original Article

A pilot study to assess a risk of a high-risk group of low back pain membership in workers who perform the manual material handling tasks: Sungho Lee, Seongchan Heo, Jong-Young Lee; Ann Occup Environ Med 2021;33:e34. Published online November 17, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2021.33.e34

Background

We conducted this experimental study to estimate a risk of a high-risk group of low back pain (LBP) membership in workers who perform the manual material handling (MMH) tasks in an actual workplace setting.

Methods

The subjects include healthy workers who were engaged in 12 MMH tasks at 6 manufacturing companies. We assessed the dynamic motion of trunk or lumbar spine using an industrial lumbar motion monitor (BioDynamics Laboratory of Ohio State University). The subjects were evaluated for the age, gender, years of working and anthropometric measurements (e.g., height, weight, shoulder height, elbow height, iliac height, leg length, trunk length, trunk circumference, iliac width, iliac depth, xiphoid width and xiphoid depth). Moreover, they were also evaluated for a risk of a high-risk group of LBP membership based on lift frequency, average twisting velocity, maximum moment, maximum sagittal flexion and maximum lateral velocity.

Results

The subjects who were engaged in a packaging at a detergent manufacturing company are at the greatest risk of LBP (63.76%). This was followed by packaging at a leather product manufacturing company (57.06%), packaging at a non-metallic casting material manufacturing company (57.03%), manual injection at a non-metallic casting material manufacturing company (52.00%), toggling at a leather product manufacturing company (46.09%), non-metallic casting material manufacturing company (42.88%), rolling at a non-metallic mineral product manufacturing company (42.12%), shooting at a non-metallic casting material manufacturing company (40.99%), vacuum processes at a leather product manufacturing company (35.00%), looping at a general industrial machinery manufacturing company (33.93%), setting at a leather product manufacturing company (30.22%) and packaging at a general metal product manufacturing company (22.02%).

Conclusions

Our approach indicates that there is a risk of a high-risk group of LBP membership in workers who perform the MMH tasks.

Citations

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ERGONOMİK RİSK DEĞERLENDİRME YÖNTEMLERİYLE TESPİT EDİLMİŞ FİZİKSEL İŞ YÜKÜ İLE ENERJİ TÜKETİMİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Emin Kahya, Ceyda Özgen, Nasiba Jorayeva
Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik ve Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi.2024; 32(2): 1315. CrossRef
Research misconduct using a ghostwriter in a paper-writing company
Kyunghee Jung-Choi
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

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Research Article

Relationship between job rotation and work-related low back pain: a cross-sectional study using data from the fifth Korean working conditions survey: Ji-Su Shin, Kwanghyun Seo, Hyun-Jeong Oh, MyeongSeob Lim, Hee-Tae Kang, Kyeong-Sook Jeong, Sang-Baek Koh, Sung-Kyung Kim, Sung-Soo Oh; Ann Occup Environ Med 2021;33:e3. Published online January 28, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2021.33.e3

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Background

Job rotation was introduced in various industries as a strategic form of work for improving workers' job skills and health management. This study aims to examine the relationship between job rotation and work-related low back pain (LBP), one of the typical work-related musculoskeletal symptoms of Korean workers.

Methods

We conducted this study using the data of the 5th Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS). As the subject of this study, 27,163 wage workers were selected, and classified into three groups according to occupational type (white-collar, service and sales, and blue-collar). In this study, job rotation means to change the work-related activities with other colleagues periodically and work-related LBP was defined as whether there was work-related LBP in the last 12 months. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to analyze the relationship between job rotation and work-related LBP.

Results

Out of 27,163 workers, 2,421 (8.9%) answered that they had job rotation and 2,281 (8.4%) answered that they experienced work-related LBP. According to the results from logistic regression, job rotation was significantly associated with low prevalence of work-related LBP among blue-collar workers (odds ratio [OR]: 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.58–0.88), whereas no significant relationship was observed among white-collar, service and sales groups. In addition, the negative association between job rotation and work-related LBP among blue-collar workers was more pronounced when exposed to ergonomic risk factors (uncomfortable posture OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.64–0.98; heavy work OR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.57–0.96; repetitive work OR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.60–0.92).

Conclusions

Job rotation was associated with low prevalence of work-related LBP among workers in the blue-collar occupational group in Korea. It is necessary to evaluate the effect of job rotation by occupational type and introduce an appropriate method of job rotation to reduce workers' work-related musculoskeletal symptoms.

Citations

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Physical hazards, musculoskeletal pain, and job control: Multilevel results from the European Social Survey
Duygu Gulseren
Safety Science.2022; 156: 105901. CrossRef

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Research Article

Relationship between simultaneous exposure to ergonomic risk factors and work-related lower back pain: a cross-sectional study based on the fourth Korean working conditions survey: Jae-Yeop Kim, Ji-Su Shin, Myeong-Seob Lim, Hyeon-Gyeong Choi, Sung-Kyeong Kim, Hee-Tae Kang, Sang-Baek Koh, Sung-Soo Oh; Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:58. Published online September 5, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0269-1

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Background

It is well known that ergonomic risk factors and back pain are related. However, few studies have examined the relationship between simultaneous exposure to these risk factors and back pain in a Korean population. We aimed to investigate the relationship between simultaneous exposure to ergonomic risk factors and work-related lower back pain (LBP) based on the fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS).

Method

The fourth KWCS (2014) was used for this study. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used to assess relationship between 5 ergonomic risk factors and work-related LBP. We also analyzed the relationship between simultaneous exposure to 2 risk factors and work-related LBP.

Results

All 5 ergonomic risk factors (fatigue-inducing and painful posture; lifting or moving people; dragging, pushing, or moving heavy objects; standing posture; and repetitive hand or arm movements) were significantly correlated with work-related LBP in the severe exposure group (adjusted odd ratios [aOR] 5.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.46–5.83; aOR 1.98, 95% CI 1.62–2.42; aOR 2.09, 95% CI 1.82–2.40; aOR 1.79, 95% CI 1.60–2.01; aOR 2.04, 95% CI 1.82–2.30, respectively). When exposed to 2 risk factors simultaneously, the relationship between exposure and work-related LBP was not greater than exposure to only 1 risk factor in our study (usually exposed to ‘fatigue-inducing or painful posture’ aOR 2.17, 95% CI 2.02–2.34; high exposure to both ‘fatigue-inducing or painful posture’ and ‘dragging, pushing, or moving heavy objects’ aOR 2.00, 95% CI 1.82–2.20).

Conclusions

There was a strong relationship between severe exposure to each ergonomic risk factor and work-related LBP. However, when exposed to 2 ergonomic risk factors simultaneously, the relationship between exposure and work-related LBP was not stronger than when exposed to only 1 risk factor in our study.

Citations

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Association between commuting time and work-related low back pain with respect to sports and leisure activities in Korean workers
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Han-Wen Zhang, Hong-Ping Tan, Qiu-Xia Feng
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Prevalence and Associated Factors of Low Back Pain Among Healthcare Professionals at University of Gondar Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: Cross-Sectional Study
Nini Asfaw Negash, Azmeraw Tadele, Abebaw Jember Ferede
Journal of Pain Research.2022; Volume 15: 1543. CrossRef
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Tânia M. Lima, Denis A. Coelho
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics.2022; 28(2): 1189. CrossRef
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Robert Kim
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Canan Birimoglu Okuyan, Mehmet A. Begen
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Lumbopelvic sagittal standing posture associations with anthropometry, physical activity levels and trunk muscle endurance in healthy adults
George A. Koumantakis, Antonios Malkotsis, Stefanos Pappas, Maria Manetta, Timotheos Anastopoulos, Apollon Kakouris, Eleutherios Kiourtsidakis
Hong Kong Physiotherapy Journal.2021; 41(02): 127. CrossRef
A pilot study to assess a risk of a high-risk group of low back pain membership in workers who perform the manual material handling tasks
Sungho Lee, Seongchan Heo, Jong-Young Lee
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
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Fatima Nari, Yun Kyung Kim, Soo Hyun Kang, Eun-Cheol Park, Sung-In Jang
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Association of Exposure to a Combination of Ergonomic Risk Factors with Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Korean Workers
Jungsun Park, Yangho Kim
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(24): 9456. CrossRef

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Research Article

Comparison of facet joint degeneration in firefighters and hospital office workers: Dong Hyun Kim, Yon Soo An, Hyung Doo Kim, Kyoung Sook Jeong, Yeon-Soon Ahn, Kun-Hyung Kim, Youngki Kim, Han-Soo Song, Chul-Gab Lee, Young-Jun Kwon, Jin-Ha Yoon; Ann Occup Environ Med 2017;29:24. Published online June 24, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-017-0180-1

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Background

There are few published studies on the relationship between occupational lumbar load and facet joint degeneration (FJD). This cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the effect of physical lumbar load on FJD by comparing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of firefighters (FFs) and hospital office workers (HOWs).

Methods

We randomly sampled 341 male FFs and 80 male HOWs by age stratification. A questionnaire and clinical examination, including MRI of the lumbar spine (T12-S1), were conducted. FJD was diagnosed and graded by using the classification of Pathria et al., and reclassified into two groups as follows: no FJD (grade 0) and FJD (grades 1, 2, and 3). The prevalence of FJD was analyzed according to occupational group.

Results

The prevalence of FJD ranged from 31% (L1–L2) to 75% (L4–L5) in the FFs, and from 18% (L1–L2) to 69% (L4–L5) in the HOWs. After adjustment for age, body mass index, and frequency of physical exercise, the adjusted odds ratios (OR) for FJD in the FFs were significantly higher than those in the HOWs at all lumbar spinal levels, except for L3–L4 (L1–L2: OR, 2.644; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.317–5.310; L2–L3: OR, 2.285; 95% CI, 1.304–4.006; L4–L5: OR, 1.918; 95% CI, 1.037–3.544; L5–S1: OR, 1.811; 95% CI, 1.031–3.181).

Conclusion

This study shows that FFs exhibit a greater likelihood of having FJD than HOWs after controlling for other risk factors of FJD. This suggests that the physical occupational demands of FFs affect their risk of developing FJD.

Citations

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Non-cancer health risks in firefighters: a systematic review
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Research Article

Prevalence and risk factors of low back pain among operation room staff at a Tertiary Care Center, Makkah, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study: Moath Bin Homaid, Doaa Abdelmoety, Waleed Alshareef, Amer Alghamdi, Fareed Alhozali, Naif Alfahmi, Wael Hafiz, Abdulrahman Alzahrani, Soha Elmorsy; Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:1. Published online January 29, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0089-0

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Background

Low Back Pain (LBP) is the commonest musculoskeletal disorder and an important occupational hazard among healthcare workers (HCWs) that peaks among Operating Room (OR) staff. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors of low back pain among operating room (OR) staff in a tertiary healthcare center in Makkah, Saudi Arabia.

Methods

A 39-item self-administered questionnaire was distributed to all available OR staff. Data about personal, sociodemographic, general risk factors OR specific risky activities, and LBP characteristics were obtained. Descriptive, crosstabs, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression tests were employed.

Results

Out of the 143 distributed questionnaires, 84 % were received. LBP prevalence was 74.2 %. No statistically significant associations were detected between LBP and any of the general risk factors (p >0.05). However, most of the OR risky activities were significantly associated with the occurrence of LBP (p <0.05) e.g. lifting objects above the waist, rotating torso while bearing weight, transferring patients onto bed or chair, pulling a patient up the bed, and repositioning a patient in bed. These significant associations were preserved after adjustment for gender, perceived stress at work, educational level, and receiving education about LBP. Rest and analgesics were reported to be the most common relievers.

Conclusions

LBP is a common health issue among KAMC OR staff. OR risky activities were found to contribute to this problem. We suggest designing educational interventional programs to teach OR staff the best way to prevent this problem.

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Review

French good practice guidelines for medical and occupational surveillance of the low back pain risk among workers exposed to manual handling of loads: Audrey Petit, Jean-Baptiste Fassier, Sandrine Rousseau, Philippe Mairiaux, Yves Roquelaure; Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:18. Published online July 22, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0069-9

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Several clinical practice guidelines related to the assessment and management of low back pain (LBP) have been published with varied scopes and methods. This paper summarises the first French occupational guidelines for management of work-related LBP (October 2013). There main originality is to treat all the three stages of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of work-related LBP. The guidelines were written by a multidisciplinary working group of 24 experts, according to the Clinical Practice Guidelines method proposed by French National Health Authority, and reviewed by a multidisciplinary peer review committee of 50 experts. Recommendations were based on a large systematic review of the literature carried out from 1990 to 2012 and rated as strong (Level A), moderate (B), limited (C) or based on expert consensus (D) according to their level of evidence. It is recommended to deliver reassuring and consistent information concerning LBP prognosis (Level B); to perform a clinical examination looking for medical signs of severity related to LBP (Level A), encourage continuation or resumption of physical activity (Level A), identify any changes in working conditions and evaluate the occupational impact of LBP (Level D). In case of persistent/recurrent LBP, assess prognostic factors likely to influence progression to chronic LBP, prolonged disability and delayed return to work (Level A). In case of prolonged/repeated sick leave, evaluate the pain, functional disability and their impact and main risk factors for prolonged work disability (Level A), promote return to work measures and inter professional coordination (Level D). These good practice guidelines are primarily intended for professionals of occupational health but also for treating physicians and paramedical personnel participating in the management of LBP, workers and employers.

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Alywin Hacay Chang, Francisco Bolaños, Mercedes Sanchis-Almenara, Antonio Ramón Gómez-García
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Use of Multiple Data Sources for Surveillance of Work-Related Chronic Low-Back Pain and Disc-Related Sciatica in a French Region
Natacha Fouquet, Julie Bodin, Emilie Chazelle, Alexis Descatha, Yves Roquelaure
Annals of Work Exposures and Health.2018; 62(5): 530. CrossRef

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Research Article

Co morbidities of Myofascial Neck Pain among Information Technology Professionals: Mathankumar Mohandoss, Deepak Sharan, Rameshkumar Ranganathan, Jeena Jose; Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26:21-21. Published online September 3, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-014-0021-4

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Objectives

The objective of this study was to identify the musculoskeletal co-morbidities of neck pain of myofascial origin among IT professionals.

Methods

A retrospective report analysis of 5357 IT professionals from various IT companies in India was conducted. Demographic details, type and intensity of the musculoskeletal problems, employee feedbacks on status of musculoskeletal health and physician’s diagnosis were analysed. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the age, gender, body area affected and nature of work. Chi square test was used to find the association between musculoskeletal co-morbidities and myofascial neck pain (MNP).

Results

The study participants were predominantly males (71%). 41% of the population used laptops, 35% desktops and 24% both. Neck pain was the commonest reported symptom, followed by low back, shoulder and arm pain respectively. Statistical analysis also revealed that low back pain and shoulder pain, had a significant association with neck pain. Further analysis revealed that there was a significant association between the presence of MNP and thoracic outlet syndrome (p < 0.001) and fibromyalgia syndrome (p < 0.001). Other than the listed co-morbidities, eye strain was also found to be associated with MNP.

Conclusions

Low back pain and shoulder pain was found to be co morbid symptoms noted among IT professionals with MNP. Thoracic outlet syndrome and fibromyalgia were found to be the most commonly associated disorders with MNP among IT professionals.

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Original Article

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Work-related Low Back Pain Among Operators and Drivers of Transportation Vehicle: Kyong Sok Shin, Yun Kyung Chung, Hye Eun Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2012;24(1):11-19. Published online March 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2012.24.1.11

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study is conducted to investigate the prevalence of work-related back pain among Driving and Transport Related Occupations and to identify the risk of mechanical factors and psychosocial factors.
METHODS
Subjects were 779 operators and drivers of transportation vehicles selected from respondents from the 1st Korean Working condition survey. The occupation risk factors, including socioeconomic, ergonomic, psychosocial factors, were investigated. We used the multiple logistic regression analysis to determine the relationship between risk factors and low back pain.
RESULTS
The prevalence of self-reported work-related low back pain was 27.7%. Adjusting for confounding factors, we determined that whole body vibration(OR 1.64 95% CI: 1.09~2.48), tiring posture(OR 5.18, 95% CI: 3.01~8.93), extended work(OR 1.91, 95% CI: 1.20~3.04), night-time work(OR 2.79, 95% CI: 1.86~4.19), evening work(OR 2.82, 95% CI: 1.78~4.46), shift work(OR 2.35, 95% CI: 1.30~4.26), job dissatisfaction (OR 2.65, 95% CI: 1.76~3.99), and experiencing physical violence at work(OR 5.31, 95% CI: 1.25~22.67) had meaningful relationships with low back pain.
CONCLUSIONS
We found that the psychosocial risk factors were the most significant factors among drivers of transportation vehicles in Korea. Therefore, we suggest a health promotion program to relieve Job stress as a solution to prevent and control low back pain among drivers of transportation vehicles in Korea.

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The association between long working hours and work-related musculoskeletal symptoms of Korean wage workers: data from the fourth Korean working conditions survey (a cross-sectional study)
Jae-Gwang Lee, Guang Hwi Kim, Sung Won Jung, Sang Woo Kim, June-Hee Lee, Kyung-Jae Lee
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
A study on Related Factor and Knowledge of Back Pain in Workers Employed at Cement factory
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Clinical Trial

A Pilot Study on the Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of the Oswestry Disability Index in a Farming Community: No Yul Yang, Hae Yean Park, Jin Su Kim, Joo Hyun Lee, Soo Hyun Park, Min Ye Jung, Sang Baek Koh; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2010;22(4):290-297. Published online December 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2010.22.4.290

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The Korean version of the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) is the most widely used tool validated instrument for measuring and the level of disability associated with low back disorders. We wanted to validate use of the Korean version of the ODI in Korean farmers with low back pain.
METHODS
The object of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the ODI. The Korean version was tested on 53 farmers (62.3+/-10.3 years of age) with low back-related disorders. We investigated the Test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and construct validity of the ODI. The Test-retest reliability was assessed in 30 farmers within a time interval of approximately 14 to 18 days. Differences between the Korean version of the ODI and the Short Form 12 (SF-12), which includes 8 domains (general health, physical functioning, role-physical limitation, bodily pain, role-emotional limitation, mental health, vitality, social functioning) were analyzed for construct validity. The correlation of the Korean version of the ODI with the SF-12 was analyzed, as well.
RESULTS
The intra-class correlation coefficient of test-retest reliability was 0.854. Reliability estimated by the internal consistency reached a Cronbach's alpha of 0.879. The correlation between 7 domains of the SF-12 except for the mental health domain and the Korean version of the ODI was statistically significant (p<0.05). Four domains (general health, physical functioning, role-physical limitation, bodily pain) that measured physical status all showed high correlations (p<0.01), as did a domain that measured mental status (role-emotional limitation) (p<0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
The results showed that the Korean version of the ODI is a reliable and valid instrument to measure the level of disability in Korean farmers with low back-related disorders. The use of this instrument is recommended for future clinical trials in Korea.

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Mihye Kim, Su-Bin Han, Byunghak Park, Jaemin Son, Nam-Woo Lee, Jeong-Hun Han, Do-Hyeon Kang, Tae-Woon Min, Jae-Seo Ahn, Hansol Lee, Hyun-Jun Lee
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Original Article

Effect of Muscle Strengthening Exercise on Psychosocial and Physical Status in Farmers: Min Ye Jung, No Yul Yang, In Gyu Yoo, Sang Baek Koh, Kyung Suk Lee, Kyungran Kim, Hyocher Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2008;20(4):343-350. Published online December 31, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2008.20.4.343

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
To evaluate both the psychosocial and physical effects of muscle strengthening exercise on farmers, and in so doing evaluate their effect on musculoskeletal disorders in farmers.
METHODS
28 subjects participated in our muscle strengthening exercise program. Mean age of subjects was 63+/-13 years. The exercise program was performed 3 times a week during the 8 week studys period. Before and after training various measurements were made: self esteem scale (SES), psychosocial wellbeing index short form (PWI-SF), static and dynamic balance ability, grip strength, arm curl, time up and go (TUG), functional reach, and oswestry disability index.
RESULTS
The muscle strengthening exercise program increased the self-esteem, grip strength and static and dynamic balance of subjects, while psychosocial stress and low back pain levels were decreased significantly (p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The muscle strengthening exercise improved psychosocial and physical status of test subjects. Thus, exercise may be an effective strategy for enhancing the psychosocial and physical health of farmers.

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Jung-Woo Oh, Hyun-Jin Kwon, Sang-Hwa Lee, Jung-Jun Lim, Bo-Youl Choi, Mi-Kyung Kim, Yeon-Soo Kim
The Korean Journal of Sports Medicine.2015; 33(2): 126. CrossRef
Effect of Exercise on Mental Health in Female Elementary School Teachers
Nami Chun, Hyun Ju Chae
Journal of the Korean Society of School Health.2014; 27(1): 22. CrossRef

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Original Article

Analysis of the effect of job stress on occupational low back pain among shipyard workers using survival analysis: Dong Hee Koh, Hyung Ryoul Kim, Sei Jin Chang, Sang Baek Koh, Sung Kyu Kang, Jong Uk Won, Jae Hoon Roh; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;17(2):95-103. Published online June 30, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2005.17.2.95

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
Occupational low back pain is a major cause of morbidity and the increases of medical and industrial costs. Efforts to control occupational low back pain have been largely unsuccessful, and further understanding of the risks including the psychological factors is needed. This retrospective study was designed to identify the effect of job stress on occupational low back pain among shipyard workers.
METHODS
The study group consisted of 976 male workers who were working at a Korean shipyard. A structured self-reported questionnaire was used to assess the participants' physical work factors, job stress and general characteristics. Job stress was measured using Karasek's JCQ(Job Content Questionnaire). Occupational low back pain was identified according to the NIOSH symptom survey criteria. Physical work factors were assessed using the Quick Exposure Check. Since the work duration can affect the relationship of physical work factors and job stress to occupational low back pain, we analyzed this association by dividing workers into two groups by work duration: 1) all workers, and 2) less than 5 years. Cox's proportional hazard model was used to elucidate the relationship of job stress with occupational low back pain in these two groups. Data were analysed with SAS 8.1.
RESULTS
In the all workers group, job demand, bending or twisting of the back, and carrying heavy materials were associated with an increased the risk of occupational low back pain. In the workers with less than 5 years work experience, people with high job demand were more likely to experience occupational low back pain than those with low job demand.
CONCLUSIONS
These RESULTS suggest that job stress as well as physical work factors can raise the risk of occupational low back pain. Especially, in the workers with less than 5 years work duration, job stress played a more crucial effect on the occurrence of occupational low back pain than physical work factors did.

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Which Personal and Organizational Factors Influence the Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction of Shipyard Blue-Collar Workers?
Adela Reig-Botella, Miguel Clemente, Sarah Detaille, Annet H. de Lange, Jaime López-Golpe
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(8): 4849. CrossRef
Relationships among Nursing Activities, the Use of Body Mechanics, and Job Stress in Nurses with Low Back Pain
Keunja Jung, Soonrim Suh
Journal of muscle and joint health.2013; 20(2): 141. CrossRef

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Original Article

Low Back Pain Assessment Using Surface Electromyography and Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging: Kang Jin Lee, In Sung Choi, So Young Lee, Jae Young Han, Sam Gyu Lee, Hong Jae Chai, Seong Kwan Lee, Jai Dong Moon; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2001;13(3):306-314. Published online September 30, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2001.13.3.306

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
We studied the efficacy of surface electromyography(SEMG) and digital infrared thermographic imaging(DITI) in the assessment of low back pain both(LBP) quantitatively and qualitatively.
METHODS
We compared electromygraphic signals from electrodes placed in the lumbar area and the digital thermographic images in 16 LBP patients and 16 control subjects. The LBP patients and the control subjects were matched for age, gender, and body mass index(BMI) to adjust for any confounding effects RESULTS: In the static analyses of SEMG, median value was 198.1 microV for the LBP patients and 161.3 microV for the controls on the right side, and they were 194.2 microV and 180.5 microV on left side respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups on the right side(p<0.01), but not on the left side. In the dynamic analyses of the SEMG, the median values of the extension per flexion ratio of right side were 1.12 for LBP patients and 1.39 for controls. and those on the left side were 1.08 and 1.21 respectively. There were statistically significant differences in both sides(p<0.05). The sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 81.3% in DITI, 78.6% and 72.2% in SEMG .
CONCLUSIONS
These results indicate that SEMG and DITI are useful methods for indirect assessments of LBP, and that DITI is more sensitive and specific than SEMG.

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Won-Sik Bae, Hyun-Ok Lee, Jae-Wook Shin, Keon-Cheol Lee
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Original Article

Study on the Pre-employment Lumbo-sacral Simple X-Ray Examination: Hyun Sul Lim, Soo Keun Kim, Duck Soo Kim, Hyeon Kyeong Lee, Dae Seob Choi; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2000;12(2):218-226. Published online June 30, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2000.12.2.218

Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
A study was conducted for investigating the status of simple X-rays on lumbosacral regions at pre-employment health examination and analysing the effectiveness of simple X-rays on lumbosacral regions.
METHODS
The study data were pre-employment health examination data in a university hospital from Jan 3, 1993 through October of 1997. And, 97 newly employed workers who claimed no low back pain at pre-employment health examination of a certain company were follow-up survey about low back pain and related factors in April, 1995 and October of 1997. The data were collected by a self-reported questionnaire and a medical examination with a rehabilitation specialist.
RESULTS
Taking the simple X-rays on lumbo-sacral regions was 1, 591 workers(10.5%) among 15,166 pre-employment health examination from Jan 3, 1993 through October of 1997. And yearly application rates of these X-ray tests have been significantly statistical increasing (p<0.01). 2. The abnormal findings of simple X-rays on lumbo-sacral regions at pre-employment health examination were 40 workers. But, there was not significantly statistical difference between normal and abnormal group for the complaint rate of low back pain. 3. The number of case with symptoms of low back pain at the follow-up survey were 46, so the incidence density was 37. 1 persons/ 100 person-years. And the incidence density was not significantly statistical difference between normal and abnormal group of simple X-rays on lumbo-sacral regions. 4. Through the multivariate logistic regression, significantly associated factors with low back pain were found to be tenure(OR=0.36, 95%CI: 0.17-0.79), lifting of heavy materials(OR=5. 86, 95%CI: l. 58-21. 74).
CONCLUSION
The simple X-rays on lumbo-sacral regions at pre-employment health examination is required further research for utilizing pre-employment health examination according to above results.

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Original Article

Incidence and Risk Factors for Occupational Low Back Pain Among Shipyard Workers: Sang Baek Koh, Hyong Sik Kim, Hong Ryul Choi, Ji Hee Kim, In Hyok Song, Jun Han Park, Jong Ku Park, Sei Jin Chang, Bong Seok Cha; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2000;12(1):1-11. Published online March 31, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2000.12.1.1

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to estimate the incidence rate, and to identify the risk factors for the occupational low back pain among shipyard workers.
METHODS
The study subjects consisted of 9,784 workers who were employed in a ship-building industry(excluded workers who had a history of low pack pain before 1995 or did not take periodic health examination in 1995). The cases were 220 people who experienced back pain from January 1, 1996 to December 31, 1998. To assess risk factors for occupational low back pain, Cox propotional hazard model was used.
RESULTS
During the recent three years from 1996 to 1998, the incidence rate per 1,000 persons was 7. 8 in 1996, 8. 8 in 1997, and 3. 1 in 1998. The main causes of work-related low back pain were sprain, strain and disc herniation. Lifting was the most common cause of back pain(35. 3%), and carrying(10.2%) and pulling(8.0%) were followed. In Cox proportional harzard model, independent risk factors for back pain were body mass index(R.R.; 1.54, 959o C.I.: 1.06-2.25), shift work(R.R.; 1.65, 95% C.I.: 1.19-2.28), and lifting heavy material(R.R. ; 3.95, 95% C.I: 2.29-6.82).
CONCLUSIONS
This study suggests that the risk factors of back pain in shipyard workers were body mass index, shift work and lifting.

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Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Korean Police Personnel
Hak Young Rhee, Jae Hwan Cho, Jong Min Seok, Taek Sang Cho, Woo Jin Jeon, Jin Gu Lee, Sung Kyu Kim
Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health.2015; 70(4): 177. CrossRef
Musculoskeletal Disorder Symptoms and Its Related Factors among Male Workers in Manufacturing Industries
Seung-Hyun Lee, Young-Chae Cho
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(10): 6627. CrossRef
Ergonomic Research Trends in the Shipbuilding Industry: Present and the Future
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Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea.2012; 31(1): 131. CrossRef
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Seung-Hyun Lee, Ju-Yeon Lee, Young-Chae Cho
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Original Article

A Study on the Risk Factors of Low Back Pain in Computer Terminal Operators: Cheol Ho Yi, Jung Rae Park, Ae Ri Cha, Kwang Wook Koh, Young Wook Kim, Su Ill Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1999;11(2):264-275. Published online June 30, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1999.11.2.264

Abstract PDF

Low back pain in computer terminal operators is a very common but important symptom. While the occupational risk factors of low back pain were approved obscurely, there have been few studies on analysis or understanding of occupational risk factors. Therefore, we studied occupational risk factors of low back pain, especially for ergonomic factors as well as general characteristics of workers. We selected 98 subjects for this study, computer terminal operators ordinary using computers in Pusan. We calculated the subjective severity of low back pain of each operator by the Low Back Pain Scoring System. The relation of low back pain score to general characteristics of worker was also analyzed. We analyzed the relationship between low back pain score and individual efforts to prevent low back pain. We measured the ergonomic factors of each computer terminal operator - Trunk Jnclination(TI), Arm Flexion(AF), Elbow Angle(EA), Head Tilting(HT), Knee Angle(KA), using of foot plate and gap between the popliteum and chair. The correlations between these ergonomic factors and low back pain score were then analyzed. And the results are as follows: 1. The prevalence rate of low back pain in computer terminal operators was 39.8% in this study, when low back pain score was converted by the low back pain scoring system. 2. According to general characteristics of workers related to low back pain, the scores were higher in the older age group, the married and the longer work carriers. (p < 0.05) 3. In the analysis of the relationship between low back pain score and individual effort to prevent low back pain, regular exercise, history of schooling for prevention of low back pain, and declaration of intention to participate in low back pain education or exercise were stastistically significant(p < 0.05). And the more severe the low back pain, the higher the intention to participate in low back pain education they had in this study. 4. In the analyses of relationships or correlations between low back pain score and each of the 7 categories of ergonomic factors, only head tilting had a weak reverse correlation with low back pain(r=-0.2999, p < 0.01). From now on, cohort studies for the risk factors of low back pain of workers, who have been forced to work in non-ergonomical positioning at the work site, will be necessary. On the background of these ergonomic studies, the occupational health profession should be required to manage ergonomic working conditions.

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Original Article

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Occupational Low Back Pain among the Production Workers in a Steel and a Welding Material Manufacturing Factories: Hyun Sul Lim, Soo Keun Kim, Duck Soo Kim, Doohie Kim, Jongmin Lee, Yang Ho Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1999;11(1):52-65. Published online March 31, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1999.11.1.52

Abstract PDF

A cross-sectional study was conducted for detecting the risk factors and to propose an effective control program for occupational low back pain. The subjects were 1,665 male production workers employed at a steel factory and a welding material manufacturing factory. The data were collected by a self-reported questionnaire and a medical examination with a rehabilitation specialist for ten days in September, 1997. The contents of the questionnaire were as follows: general characteristics, physical characteristics, employment status, type of work, working environment and the experience of low back pain. The number of cases with symptoms of occupational low back pain were 321, so the point prevalence was 19.3 persons/100 persons. The number of cases with a history of occupational low back pain for one year were 554, so the one year period prevalence was 33.3 persons/100 persons. The point and one year period prevalences of occupational low back pain showed no significant differences in age, marital status, educational level and body mass index. The point and one year period prevalences of occupational low back pain showed no significant differences in alcohol drinking, smoking, stretching exercise and regular exercise. The point and one year period prevalences of occupational low back pain were significantly higher in the unsatisfied group than the satisfied group(p < 0.01), However, no significant differences were found among tenures and shift work. The point and one year period prevalences of occupational low back pain were significantly higher in the lifting of heavy materials group than the nonlifting group(p < 0.01). However, no significant differences were found among posture of the waist and the working posture. Through the multivariate logistic regression, significantly associated factors with occupational low back pain were found to be dissatisfaction with job(point prevalence: OR=1.78, 95% CI: 1.21-2.61; one year prevalence: OR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.26-2.47), lifting of heavy materials(point prevalence: OR=1.94. 95% CI: 1.44-2.61: one year prevalence: OR=2.17, 95% CI: 1.70-2.77) and tenure(point prevalence: OR=1.03. 95% CI: 1.01-1.06: one year prevalence: OR=1.02, 95% CI: 1.00-1.05).

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Jae-Ho KIM
JOURNAL OF FISHRIES AND MARINE SCIENCES EDUCATION.2018; 30(4): 1265. CrossRef

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Original Article

The Ergonomic Evaluation of Low Back Pain of the Manual Lifting Workers: Ji Yong Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998;10(3):343-361. Published online August 31, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1998.10.3.343

Abstract PDF

A cross-sectional study was conducted in the manufacturing welding metal company. The questionnaire survey was performed on 361 workers to investigate the status of low back pain(LBP), and 101 lifting jobs were ergonomically analyzed to evaluate the relationship between LBP and the exposure. Questionnaire survey was performed repeatedly for reliability test and the information in the questionnaire was compared to the absence record for validity test. There were significant differences in tenure and job titles between groups with LBP and without LBP, but not in general characteristics such as age, tenure, marriage status, blood pressure and liver function test. One hundred and one lifting jobs were analyzed by the physiological, psychophysical and biomechanical ergonomic methods. In logistic regression analysis, the lumbar disc compression force and the lifting frequency were the risk factors of the LBP. As the weight load over the action limit was the risk factor in the group of sudden LBP onset, so were the vertebral disc compression force and lifting frequency in the group of insidious LBP onset. Therefore the author concluded that ergonomic analysis may be a useful preventive tool of the LBP. Further prospective epidemiological study will be needed to identify the risk factors of LBP by the ergonomic method.

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Musculoskeletal disorders among staff in South Korea’s largest nursing home
Derek Richard Smith, Jae-wook Choi, Myung Ki, Jae-young Kim, Zentaro Yamagata
Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine.2003; 8(1): 23. CrossRef

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Original Article

Follow up Lower Back Pain Management Method in Lower Back Pain Complaining Workers of Kyungin Area: Yong Hee Cheon; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1995;7(1):3-9. Published online February 28, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1995.7.1.3

Abstract PDF: Nine hundred and twelve workers who complained low back pain(LBP) were interviewed. After one year, 483 workers were followed showed improvement of LBP symptom. In the case of job change, it showed improvement rate of 91.2%. In case of exercise theraphy, 82.8% of workers showed improved symptom. Medical care(Clinical medication, physical theraphy and folk medicine) group showed 63.2% of improvement rate. In the presence of sciatic pain on the time of first interview, the improvement rate of LBP was lower than the absent group.

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Case Report

Oceupational Chronic Low Baek Pain: A Case Report: Nam Jong Paik, Soo Hun Cho; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1994;6(2):429-438. Published online September 30, 1994; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1994.6.2.429

Abstract PDF: Low back pain is the most costly occupational health problem and is in steadily increasing trend. Some occupational back problems often lead to persistent pain with medical, psychologic and occupational implications. Treatment is uncertain these chronic low back pain patients are responsible for most of medical expenses spent on occupational back pain. So, chronic low back pain prevention seems very important and is accomplished by a combination of measures. The authors experienced a case of chronic low back pain in compensation without definite evidence of organic causes and report the case with clinical reviews and measurements of the pain and pain behaviors using psychological tests and pain questionnaire.

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Original Article

Radiological Findings of Low Back Pain Complainers in Some Part of Kyungin area workers: Yong Hee Cheon; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1994;6(1):26-31. Published online February 28, 1994; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1994.6.1.26

Abstract PDF: Preliminary survey of low back pain(LBP) was conducted from 7,668 workers of some part of Kyungin area. Among them, 1,183 workers complained LBP. If we do not mind X-ray findings, the prevalence rate of LBP was 15.4%. Lumbar series(anterior-posterior view, lateral view, both oblique view) were take from 973 workers who complained LBP. Three radiological findings which are not related with congenital anomaly or definite trauma-degenerative spondylitis, flattening of the lumbar spine, decreased intervertebral disc space were selected. In the group of degenerative spondylitis, the prevalence rate was relatively high after thirties in both sex. In female, prevalence rate was more higher in 5th and 6th decades than other decades. In the case of flattening of lumbar spine, the prevalence rate was relatively high in 2nd, 3rd and 4th decades in both sex. In case of decreased intervertebral disc space, there was no specific prevalent age group in both sex.

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