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Original Article
A pilot study to assess a risk of a high-risk group of low back pain membership in workers who perform the manual material handling tasks
Sungho Lee, Seongchan Heo, Jong-Young Lee
Ann Occup Environ Med 2021;33:e34.   Published online November 17, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2021.33.e34
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

We conducted this experimental study to estimate a risk of a high-risk group of low back pain (LBP) membership in workers who perform the manual material handling (MMH) tasks in an actual workplace setting.

Methods

The subjects include healthy workers who were engaged in 12 MMH tasks at 6 manufacturing companies. We assessed the dynamic motion of trunk or lumbar spine using an industrial lumbar motion monitor (BioDynamics Laboratory of Ohio State University). The subjects were evaluated for the age, gender, years of working and anthropometric measurements (e.g., height, weight, shoulder height, elbow height, iliac height, leg length, trunk length, trunk circumference, iliac width, iliac depth, xiphoid width and xiphoid depth). Moreover, they were also evaluated for a risk of a high-risk group of LBP membership based on lift frequency, average twisting velocity, maximum moment, maximum sagittal flexion and maximum lateral velocity.

Results

The subjects who were engaged in a packaging at a detergent manufacturing company are at the greatest risk of LBP (63.76%). This was followed by packaging at a leather product manufacturing company (57.06%), packaging at a non-metallic casting material manufacturing company (57.03%), manual injection at a non-metallic casting material manufacturing company (52.00%), toggling at a leather product manufacturing company (46.09%), non-metallic casting material manufacturing company (42.88%), rolling at a non-metallic mineral product manufacturing company (42.12%), shooting at a non-metallic casting material manufacturing company (40.99%), vacuum processes at a leather product manufacturing company (35.00%), looping at a general industrial machinery manufacturing company (33.93%), setting at a leather product manufacturing company (30.22%) and packaging at a general metal product manufacturing company (22.02%).

Conclusions

Our approach indicates that there is a risk of a high-risk group of LBP membership in workers who perform the MMH tasks.


Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • ERGONOMİK RİSK DEĞERLENDİRME YÖNTEMLERİYLE TESPİT EDİLMİŞ FİZİKSEL İŞ YÜKÜ İLE ENERJİ TÜKETİMİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
    Emin Kahya, Ceyda Özgen, Nasiba Jorayeva
    Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik ve Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi.2024; 32(2): 1315.     CrossRef
  • Research misconduct using a ghostwriter in a paper-writing company
    Kyunghee Jung-Choi
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Research Article
Comparison of work environment and occupational injury in direct and indirect employment in Korea and Europe
Joonho Ahn, Seong-Sik Cho, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, Jun-Pyo Myong, Mo-Yeol Kang
Ann Occup Environ Med 2019;31:e24.   Published online September 25, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2019.31.e24
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Background

To investigate the risk of injury for indirect employment in Korea, we compared work environment, workplace exposure, and injury risk according to the type of employment contract between Korea and European Union (EU) countries.

Methods

We analyzed data of blue-collar workers from the fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey (2014) and the sixth European Working Conditions Survey (2015) and compared workplace risk factors and preventive factors for occupational injuries. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the relationship between occupational injury and the type of employment contract after adjusting for age and sex.

Results

For descriptive characteristics, a relatively older age, lower income, lower proportion of full-time work, greater proportion in small-sized companies, and fewer unionizations were noted in indirect employment in Korea than in direct employment. Workplace exposure was significantly higher in indirect employment in both Korea and Europe. Among safety-related factors, indirect employment in both Korea and Europe lacked the support of company education, coworkers, and supervisors. Indirectly employed blue-collar workers had a significantly higher risk of occupational injury than those directly employed in Korea (odds ratio [OR]: 1.876), whereas there was no significant difference between directly and indirectly employed workers in EU countries (OR: 1.038).

Conclusions

Indirectly employed blue-collar workers have an increased risk of occupational injury in Korea.


Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Estimated trends in hospitalizations due to occupational injuries in Korea based on the Korean National Hospital Discharge In-depth Injury Survey (2006-2019)
    Seonguk Baek, Won-Tae Lee, Min-Seok Kim, Myeong-Hun Lim, Jin-Ha Yoon
    Epidemiology and Health.2023; : e2023042.     CrossRef
  • Teleworking Is Significantly Associated with Anxiety Symptoms and Sleep Disturbances among Paid Workers in the COVID-19 Era
    Minji Kim, Inho Park, Hyojin An, Byungyoon Yun, Jin-Ha Yoon
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(2): 1488.     CrossRef
  • Economic costs and Predictors of occupation-related Injuries in Ethiopian sugar industries from the Employer’s perspective: top-down approach and friction method
    Mitiku Bonsa Debela, Muluken Azage, Negussie Deyessa, Achenef Motbainor Begosaw
    BMC Public Health.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association between physical risk factors and sleep disturbance among workers in Korea: The 5th Korean Working Conditions Survey
    Inho Park, Seunghan Kim, Yangwook Kim, Byungyoon Yun, Jin-Ha Yoon
    Sleep Medicine.2022; 100: 157.     CrossRef
  • Comparative analyses of occupational injuries among temporary agency worker and direct contract workers: Findings from the Korea Health Panel 2009–2018
    Joonho Ahn, Jongin Lee, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, Yu Min Lee, Tae-Won Jang, Dong-Wook Lee, Mo-Yeol Kang
    Journal of Occupational Health.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Inequalities in External-Cause Mortality in 2018 across Industries in Republic of Korea
    Jiyoung Lim, Kwon Ko, Kyung Eun Lee, Jae Bum Park, Seungho Lee, Inchul Jeong
    Safety and Health at Work.2022; 13(1): 117.     CrossRef
  • Shift Work and Dry Eye Disease in the Korean Working Population: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study
    Joonho Ahn, So-Jung Ryu, Jihun Song, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(10): 5492.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence of Occupational Injury among Workers in the Construction, Manufacturing, and Mining Industries in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
    Mitiku Bonsa Debela, Muluken Azage, Achenef Motbainor Begosaw
    Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology.2021; 10(2): 113.     CrossRef
  • The Occupational Characteristics and Health Status of Workers in Geographically Isolated and Confined Areas in the Republic of Korea
    Joonho Ahn, Jongin Lee, Sang Ha Lee, Min Young Park, Wanhyung Lee
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Research Article
Association between depression and cardiovascular disease risk in general population of Korea: results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2016
Jinho Song, Tae Hwan Koh, One Park, Daeil Kwon, Seonghoon Kang, Kyeongmin Kwak, Jong-Tae Park
Ann Occup Environ Med 2019;31:e10.   Published online June 20, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2019.31.e10
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Background

Depression is considered as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and associated with changes in individuals' health status that might influence CVD risk. However, most studies have scrutinized this relationship on a rather narrower and specific study population. By focusing on general population of Korea, we sought to inspect the association of depression with CVD risk and cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods

The data from the first year (2016) of the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was used. Participants were classified by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score as such: normal group (PHQ-9 score 0–4), mild depression (MD) group (PHQ-9 score 5–9) and moderate and severe depression (MSD) group (PHQ-9 score 10–27). General linear model was used to analyze differences and the trend of mean CVD risk according to depression level. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) were calculated by logistic regression to identify the association between depression and cardiovascular risk factors after adjusting for age.

Results

Mean CVD risk of MSD group was higher than that of normal group (p < 0.05). There was a tendency of CVD risk to increase as depression worsened (p < 0.01). Among men, MSD group was associated with current smoking (AOR, 2.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.78–4.97), taking antihypertensive medications (AOR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.26–4.66), increased fasting blood sugar (> 125 mg/dL; AOR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.25–4.50) and taking diabetes medications (AOR, 3.08; 95% CI, 1.65–5.72). MD group was associated with current smoking (AOR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.18–2.17). Among women, MSD group was associated with high body mass index (≥ 25 kg/m2; AOR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.11–2.32), large waist circumference (≥ 85 cm; AOR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.12–2.37), current smoking (AOR, 5.11; 95% CI, 3.07–8.52) and taking diabetes medications (AOR, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.68–4.08). MD group was associated with current smoking (AOR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.18–2.93).

Conclusions

We suggest that depression is associated with increased risk for CVD occurrence in general population of Korea.


Citations

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  • A Potential Role for MAGI-1 in the Bi-Directional Relationship Between Major Depressive Disorder and Cardiovascular Disease
    Priyanka Banerjee, Khanh Chau, Sivareddy Kotla, Eleanor L. Davis, Estefani Berrios Turcios, Shengyu Li, Zhang Pengzhi, Guangyu Wang, Gopi Krishna Kolluru, Abhishek Jain, John P. Cooke, Junichi Abe, Nhat-Tu Le
    Current Atherosclerosis Reports.2024; 26(9): 463.     CrossRef
  • Awareness and related factors of depressive symptoms in breastfeeding people in South Korea: a survey-based cross-sectional study
    Jiyoung Song, Eunwon Lee
    BMJ Open.2023; 13(7): e068282.     CrossRef
  • Depression and cardiovascular risk in primary care patients
    Stephanie A. Hooker, Patrick J. O'Connor, JoAnn M. Sperl-Hillen, A. Lauren Crain, Kris Ohnsorg, Sheryl Kane, Rebecca Rossom
    Journal of Psychosomatic Research.2022; 158: 110920.     CrossRef
  • The relationship between lifestyle risk factors and depression in Korean older adults: a moderating effect of gender
    Shinuk Kim
    BMC Geriatrics.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Self-Esteem as a Mediator between Life Satisfaction and Depression among Cardiovascular Disease Patients
    Zeying Qin, Songli Mei, Tingting Gao, Leilei Liang, Chuanen Li, Yueyang Hu, Xinmeng Guo, Cuicui Meng, Jianping Lv, Tongshuang Yuan, Junsong Fei, Qian Tong, Yang Yang
    Clinical Nursing Research.2022; 31(1): 115.     CrossRef
  • Muscle Strength Moderates the Relationship between Nutritional Health Risk and Depression in Korean Older Adults
    Jeonghyeon Kim, Seamon Kang, Haeryun Hong, Hyunsik Kang, Ju-Hyoung Kim, Sang-Koo Woo
    Nutrients.2022; 14(3): 665.     CrossRef
  • Association of Depression With Cardiovascular Diseases
    Zain I Warriach, Sruti Patel, Fatima Khan, Gerardo F Ferrer
    Cureus.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Research on the Influence of New Media Construction on Health Examination
    姗姗 郭
    Nursing Science.2019; 08(06): 436.     CrossRef
  • 203 View
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Research Article
Relationship between simultaneous exposure to ergonomic risk factors and work-related lower back pain: a cross-sectional study based on the fourth Korean working conditions survey
Jae-Yeop Kim, Ji-Su Shin, Myeong-Seob Lim, Hyeon-Gyeong Choi, Sung-Kyeong Kim, Hee-Tae Kang, Sang-Baek Koh, Sung-Soo Oh
Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:58.   Published online September 5, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0269-1
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

It is well known that ergonomic risk factors and back pain are related. However, few studies have examined the relationship between simultaneous exposure to these risk factors and back pain in a Korean population. We aimed to investigate the relationship between simultaneous exposure to ergonomic risk factors and work-related lower back pain (LBP) based on the fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS).

Method

The fourth KWCS (2014) was used for this study. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used to assess relationship between 5 ergonomic risk factors and work-related LBP. We also analyzed the relationship between simultaneous exposure to 2 risk factors and work-related LBP.

Results

All 5 ergonomic risk factors (fatigue-inducing and painful posture; lifting or moving people; dragging, pushing, or moving heavy objects; standing posture; and repetitive hand or arm movements) were significantly correlated with work-related LBP in the severe exposure group (adjusted odd ratios [aOR] 5.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.46–5.83; aOR 1.98, 95% CI 1.62–2.42; aOR 2.09, 95% CI 1.82–2.40; aOR 1.79, 95% CI 1.60–2.01; aOR 2.04, 95% CI 1.82–2.30, respectively). When exposed to 2 risk factors simultaneously, the relationship between exposure and work-related LBP was not greater than exposure to only 1 risk factor in our study (usually exposed to ‘fatigue-inducing or painful posture’ aOR 2.17, 95% CI 2.02–2.34; high exposure to both ‘fatigue-inducing or painful posture’ and ‘dragging, pushing, or moving heavy objects’ aOR 2.00, 95% CI 1.82–2.20).

Conclusions

There was a strong relationship between severe exposure to each ergonomic risk factor and work-related LBP. However, when exposed to 2 ergonomic risk factors simultaneously, the relationship between exposure and work-related LBP was not stronger than when exposed to only 1 risk factor in our study.


Citations

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  • Association between commuting time and work-related low back pain with respect to sports and leisure activities in Korean workers
    Jaehyuk JUNG, Jae Bum PARK, Kyung-Jong LEE, Youngwook SEO, Inchul JEONG
    Industrial Health.2024; 62(2): 133.     CrossRef
  • Low Back Pain in Resident Doctors with Standardized Training in China: A Cross-Sectional Study
    Han-Wen Zhang, Hong-Ping Tan, Qiu-Xia Feng
    Risk Management and Healthcare Policy.2023; Volume 16: 2459.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and Associated Factors of Low Back Pain Among Healthcare Professionals at University of Gondar Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: Cross-Sectional Study
    Nini Asfaw Negash, Azmeraw Tadele, Abebaw Jember Ferede
    Journal of Pain Research.2022; Volume 15: 1543.     CrossRef
  • Gender differences in associating musculoskeletal complaints, housework, electronic device usage and physical exercise for administrative workers
    Tânia M. Lima, Denis A. Coelho
    International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics.2022; 28(2): 1189.     CrossRef
  • Predictors of Satisfaction With Work Environment in the Context of a Mismatch in Working Hours: A Nationwide, Large-Scale, Cross-Sectional Study
    Robert Kim
    INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing.2022; 59: 004695802211282.     CrossRef
  • Working from home during the COVID‐19 pandemic, its effects on health, and recommendations: The pandemic and beyond
    Canan Birimoglu Okuyan, Mehmet A. Begen
    Perspectives in Psychiatric Care.2022; 58(1): 173.     CrossRef
  • Lumbopelvic sagittal standing posture associations with anthropometry, physical activity levels and trunk muscle endurance in healthy adults
    George A. Koumantakis, Antonios Malkotsis, Stefanos Pappas, Maria Manetta, Timotheos Anastopoulos, Apollon Kakouris, Eleutherios Kiourtsidakis
    Hong Kong Physiotherapy Journal.2021; 41(02): 127.     CrossRef
  • A pilot study to assess a risk of a high-risk group of low back pain membership in workers who perform the manual material handling tasks
    Sungho Lee, Seongchan Heo, Jong-Young Lee
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association between Occupational Noise and Vibration Exposure and Insomnia among Workers in Korea
    Fatima Nari, Yun Kyung Kim, Soo Hyun Kang, Eun-Cheol Park, Sung-In Jang
    Life.2020; 10(4): 46.     CrossRef
  • Association of Exposure to a Combination of Ergonomic Risk Factors with Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Korean Workers
    Jungsun Park, Yangho Kim
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(24): 9456.     CrossRef
  • 193 View
  • 1 Download
  • 10 Web of Science
  • 10 Crossref
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Research Article
Factors related to heart rate variability among firefighters
Jae-Hong Shin, Jung-Youb Lee, Seon-Hee Yang, Mi-Young Lee, In-Sung Chung
Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:25.   Published online June 13, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0111-6
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with heart rate variability in firefighters working in a metropolitan city in South Korea.

Methods

Self-administered questionnaires including Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) as well as surveys collecting socio-demographic characteristics and work-related factors were given to 962 firefighters. After exclusion for missing data, 645 firefighters were included, and analysis of covaiance adjusted for the general risk factors and job characteristics were used to assess the relationship between heart rate variability and associated factors.

Results

SDNN and RMSSD and were decreased in the area of occupational climate of the group with high job stress (p = 0.027, p = 0.036). HF(ln) was decreased in the area of organizational system and occupational climate of the group with high stress that statistically significant level (p = 0.034, p = 0.043).

Conclusions

Occupational climate and organizational system are associated with reduction of heart rate variability. Preventive medical care plans for cardiovascular disease of firefighters through the analysis and evaluation of job stress factors are needed.


Citations

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  • The Influence of Emergency Call Volume on Occupational Workload and Sleep Quality in Urban Firefighters
    Jacob D. Jelmini, Phillip A. Gribble, Mark G. Abel, Lauren N. Whitehurst, Nicholas R. Heebner
    Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine.2024; 66(7): 580.     CrossRef
  • On-Duty Resting Heart Rate Variability at the Fire Station Is Related to Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Physical Activity Levels in Firefighters
    Philémon Marcel-Millet, Philippe Gendron
    Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine.2024; 66(3): e111.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of the relationship between occupational-specific task performance and measures of physical fitness, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health in firefighters
    Jaron Ras, Elpidoforos S. Soteriades, Denise L. Smith, Andre P. Kengne, Lloyd Leach
    BMC Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The effect of extended shift work on autonomic function in occupational settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Jacob D Jelmini, Jeremy Ross, Lauren N Whitehurst, Nicholas R Heebner
    Journal of Occupational Health.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Heart Rate Variability Assessment of Land Navigation and Load Carriage Activities in Specialist Police Selection
    Colin D. Tomes, Elisa F. D. Canetti, Ben Schram, Robin Orr
    Healthcare.2023; 11(19): 2677.     CrossRef
  • Effects of cardiovascular health, musculoskeletal health and physical fitness on occupational performance of firefighters: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Jaron Ras, Andre Pascal Kengne, Denise Smith, Elpidoforos Soterakis Soteriades, Lloyd Leach
    BMJ Open.2022; 12(7): e061435.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors, Musculoskeletal Health, and Physical Fitness on Occupational Performance in Firefighters—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Jaron Ras, Andre P. Kengne, Denise L. Smith, Elpidoforos S. Soteriades, Rucia V. November, Lloyd Leach
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(19): 11946.     CrossRef
  • Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors, Musculoskeletal Health, Physical Fitness, and Occupational Performance in Firefighters: A Narrative Review
    Jaron Ras, Denise L. Smith, Andre P. Kengne, Elpidoforos E. Soteriades, Lloyd Leach, Ike S. Okosun
    Journal of Environmental and Public Health.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Acute Physiological Response of Live-Fire Simulation Activities Affecting Cardiovascular Health in Live-Fire Instructors
    Gwan-Jin Park, So Yeon Kong, Dong-Min Shin, Dae In Lee, Beom-Seok Ku, Je-Hwan Oh, Sang-Chul Kim
    Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine.2022; 64(1): 46.     CrossRef
  • Psychophysiological responses of firefighters to day and night rescue interventions
    Philémon Marcel-Millet, Alain Groslambert, Philippe Gimenez, Sidney Grosprêtre, Gilles Ravier
    Applied Ergonomics.2021; 95: 103457.     CrossRef
  • Health outcomes of psychosocial stress within firefighters: A systematic review of the research landscape
    Somkene Igboanugo, Philip L Bigelow, John G Mielke
    Journal of Occupational Health.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Field Monitoring the Effects of Overnight Shift Work on Specialist Tactical Police Training with Heart Rate Variability Analysis
    Colin Tomes, Ben Schram, Robin Orr
    Sustainability.2021; 13(14): 7895.     CrossRef
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    Milad Hamidi Nasab, Simone Romano, Dario Gastaldi, Stefano Beretta, Maurizio Vedani
    Additive Manufacturing.2020; 34: 100918.     CrossRef
  • Obesity prevalence in Brazilian firefighters and the association of central obesity with personal, occupational and cardiovascular risk factors: a cross-sectional study
    Fernanda Camargo Damacena, Thatiany Jardim Batista, Lorena Rocha Ayres, Eliana Zandonade, Karla Nívea Sampaio
    BMJ Open.2020; 10(3): e032933.     CrossRef
  • Effects on Firefighters’ Nocturnal Cardiac Autonomic Activity and Sleep Quality of On-Call Nights With and Without Simulated Firefighting Interventions
    Philémon Marcel-Millet, Alain Groslambert, Gilles Ravier
    Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine.2020; 62(11): e644.     CrossRef
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    Colin Tomes, Ben Schram, Robin Orr
    Frontiers in Public Health.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 175 View
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  • 19 Web of Science
  • 16 Crossref
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Research Article
Relationship between Psychosocial Risk Factors and Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders among Public Hospital Nurses in Malaysia
Nur Azma Amin, Rusli Nordin, Quek Kia Fatt, Rahim M Noah, Jennifer Oxley
Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26:23-23.   Published online August 9, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-014-0023-2
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objective

This study examined the relationships between psychosocial work factors and risk of WRMSDs among public hospital nurses in the Klang Valley, Malaysia.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study among 660 public hospital nurses. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on the occurrence of WRMSDs according to body regions, socio-demographic profiles, occupational information and psychosocial risk factors. 468 questionnaires were returned (response rate of 71%), and 376 questionnaires qualified for subsequent analysis. Univariate analyses were applied to test for mean and categorical differences across the WRMSDs; multiple logistic regression was applied to predict WRMSDs based on the Job Strain Model’s psychosocial risk factors.

Results

Over two thirds of the sample of nurses experienced discomfort or pain in at least one site of the musculoskeletal system within the last year. The neck was the most prevalent site (48.94%), followed by the feet (47.20%), the upper back (40.69%) and the lower back (35.28%). More than 50% of the nurses complained of having discomfort in region one (neck, shoulders and upperback) and region four (hips, knees, ankles, and feet). The results also revealed that psychological job demands, job strain and iso-strain ratio demonstrated statistically significant mean differences (p < 0.05) between nurses with and without WRMSDs. According to univariate logistic regression, all psychosocial risk factors illustrated significant association with the occurrence of WRMSDs in various regions of the body (OR: 1.52–2.14). Multiple logistic regression showed all psychosocial risk factors were significantly associated with WRMSDs across body regions (OR: 1.03–1.19) except for region 1 (neck, shoulders and upper back) and region 4 (hips, knees, ankles, and feet). All demographic variables except for years of employment were statistically and significantly associated with WRMSDs (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The findings indicated the high prevalence of WRMSDs in many body regions, and the risks of developing WRMSDs according to the various body regions were associated with important psychosocial risk factors based on the job strain model. These findings have implications for the management of WRMSDs among public hospital nurses in the Klang Valley, Malaysia.


Citations

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  • Psychosocial risks of workers in the plywood industry: A cross-sectional study in the Ecuadorian Amazon region
    R. Gutiérrez-Alvarez, K. Guerra, M. Gutiérrez
    Heliyon.2024; 10(13): e33724.     CrossRef
  • Magnitude of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and its associated factors among Ethiopian nurses: a facility based cross-sectional study
    Amsalu Nemera, Mergitu Eliyas, Teferra Likassa, Milion Teshome, Bulti Tadesse, Yonas Gurmu Dugasa, Meseret Robi Tura
    BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Development and validation of a tool for the comprehensive risk assessment of musculoskeletal disorders (CRAMUD) among employees of a steel industry
    Saeid Yazdanirad, Gholamhossein Pourtaghi, Mehdi Raei, Mohammad Ghasemi
    Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science.2023; 24(3): 335.     CrossRef
  • Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Disorders in Nursing Personnel and Prevention Strategies
    Panagiotis Mitseas, Symeon Naoum, Theocharis Konstantinidis
    Romanian Journal of Military Medicine.2023; 126(1): 63.     CrossRef
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    Auditya Purwandini Sutarto, Titis Wijayanto, Irma Nur Afiah
    Work.2022; 71(1): 65.     CrossRef
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    Jianzhong Hu, Liyuan Jiang, Yong Cao, Jin Qu, Hongbin Lu
    Spine.2022; 47(9): 656.     CrossRef
  • Influence of coexposure to long working hours and ergonomic risk factors on musculoskeletal symptoms: an interaction analysis
    Jeong woo Park, Mo-Yeol Kang, Jung Il Kim, JongHyun Hwang, Seong-Soo Choi, Seong-Sik Cho
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    Rujnan Tuna, Feride Eskin Bacaksiz, Birsen Kahraman
    Pain Management Nursing.2022; 23(1): 62.     CrossRef
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    SubhashKumar SAINI, Vandna PANDEY, Ashok KUMAR, Abhay ELHENCE
    Journal of Integrative Nursing.2021; 3(3): 128.     CrossRef
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    María Dolores García-Pérez, Adriana Rivera-Sequeiros, Tomás María Sánchez-Elías, Marta Lima-Serrano
    Enfermería Clínica.2021; 31(6): 390.     CrossRef
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    Asma Zare, Alireza Choobineh, Soheil Hassanipour, Mahdi Malakoutikhah
    International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health.2021; 94(5): 1113.     CrossRef
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    María Dolores García-Pérez, Adriana Rivera-Sequeiros, Tomás María Sánchez-Elías, Marta Lima-Serrano
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Research Article
Factors Related to Sleep Disorders among Male Firefighters
Dong-Kyun Lim, Ki-Ook Baek, In-Sung Chung, Mi-Young Lee
Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26:11-11.   Published online May 22, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-4374-26-11
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with sleep disorders in male firefighters working in a metropolitan city in South Korea.

Methods

Self-administered questionnaires including the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, Korean Occupational Stress Scale-Short Form, Psychosocial Well-Being Index-Short Form, Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index, and Beck-Depression Inventory-2 as well as surveys collecting socio-demographic characteristics and work-related factors were given to 730 male firefighters. After exclusion for missing data, 657 male firefighters were included, and logistic regression analysis adjusted for the work-related factors, psychosocial factors, and general risk factors were used to assess the relationship between sleep disorders and associated factors.

Results

The prevalence of sleep disorders was 48.7%. Shift work (adjusted OR 1.58, 95% CI = 1.02-2.45), musculoskeletal symptoms (adjusted OR 2.89, 95% CI = 2.02-4.14), and depression (adjusted OR 7.04 95% CI = 4.03-12.30) were associated with sleep disorders.

Conclusions

Musculoskeletal symptoms, shift work, and depression are associated with sleep disorders. Integrated health management is needed to promote good sleep quality among firefighters.


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Research Article
The Relationship between Waist Circumference and Work-related Injury in Reference to the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Sung-Kyung Kim, Ji-Min Son, Jae-Young So, Hyocher Kim, Kyungsuk Lee, Sung-Soo Oh, Sang Baek Ko
Ann Occup Environ Med 2013;25:29-29.   Published online November 1, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-4374-25-29
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objective

This study aims to investigate the relationship between waist circumference and work-related injury in reference to the fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Methods

By analyzing data from the fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted from 2007 to 2009, we estimated the rate of injury experience according to socioeconomic status, including occupational property, of 8,261 subjects. We performed logistic regression analysis with work-related injury experience rate as dependent variable and waist circumference as an independent variable, Odds ratios (OR) were calculated, which reflect the likelihood of work-related injury experience rate, and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) while controlling for relevant covariates with stratifying by sex, age, nature of injury, site of injury and occupational group.

Results

Among 797 persons who had injury experience over the past 1 year, 293 persons (36.8%) had work-related injury experience. After adjusting the confounding variables, the work-related injury was related to abnormal waist circumference (OR = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.02 ~ 1.78). In subgroups, ORs were higher in men (OR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.02 ~ 1.98), professional, manager, and administrator (OR = 2.41; 95% CI: 1.10 ~ 5.28). Higher rate of injuries were noted in back and waist (OR = 2.92; 95% CI: 1.49 ~ 5.73), and transport accident had increased risk (OR = 1.60; 95% CI: 1.13 ~ 2.28).

Conclusions

Work-related injury rate differed depending on the waist circumference. The abdominal obesity was associated with higher risk of work-related injury. This study would be useful in selecting appropriate priorities for work-related injury management in Korea.


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  • Work–life prevalence of self-reported occupational injuries in mothers of a birth cohort
    Joana Amaro, Ana Catarina Queiroga, João Amaro, Ingrid Sivesind Mehlum, Raquel Lucas
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Original Article
The Relationship of Serum Vitamin D Levels and the Framingham Risk Score among Male Workers in the Manufacturing Sector
Seung Hyun Park, Young Wook Kim, Chang Ho Chae, Jun Seok Son, Chan Woo Kim, Jae Youn Kim, Ja Hyun Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2012;24(2):115-123.   Published online June 30, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2012.24.2.115
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
A growing body of evidence states that vitamin D deficiencies may adversely affect cardiovascular disease, however data from Korean workers are lacking. The purpose of this study was to investigate the vitamin D level of the Korean worker and the relationship between vitamin D levels and the Framingham Risk Score.
METHODS
11,448 male workers who visited a university hospital for health screening between March 2010 and August 2011, were enrolled in the study. We measured their of serum vitamin D(25(OH)D) levels and calculated their Framingham Risk Score.
RESULTS
The mean serum vitamin D(25(OH)D) level of the surveyed workers was 13.03+/-6.47 ng/mL. 12.4% of the total workers had adequate vitamin D levels. It was found that the lower the vitamin D level, the higher the risk of cardiovascular disease. The Framingham Risk Score and vitamin D levels were found to be significantly related (OR=1.39, 95% CI 1.14~1.68) through a multivariate logistic regression analysis.
CONCLUSIONS
87.6% of workers possessed inappropriate vitamin D levels. Management for this high risk group in regards to cardiovascular disease should be included in the evaluation and vitamin D levels should be corrected.

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  • Association of among alcohol consumption and blood vitamin D and lead concentrations: Based on 2010-2012 Korea national health and nutrition examination survey
    Ho-Ki An, Jae-Yong Park, Hee-Jung Yoon
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(1): 498.     CrossRef
  • Vitamin D status and associated occupational factors in Korean wage workers: data from the 5th Korea national health and nutrition examination survey (KNHANES 2010–2012)
    Harin Jeong, Sujin Hong, Yunjeong Heo, Hosun Chun, Daeseong Kim, Jongtae Park, Mo-yeol Kang
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2014;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Correlation between vitamin D and cardiovascular disease predictors in overweight and obese Koreans
    Misung Kim, Woori Na, Cheongmin Sohn
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Original Article
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Work-related Low Back Pain Among Operators and Drivers of Transportation Vehicle
Kyong Sok Shin, Yun Kyung Chung, Hye Eun Lee
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2012;24(1):11-19.   Published online March 31, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2012.24.1.11
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study is conducted to investigate the prevalence of work-related back pain among Driving and Transport Related Occupations and to identify the risk of mechanical factors and psychosocial factors.
METHODS
Subjects were 779 operators and drivers of transportation vehicles selected from respondents from the 1st Korean Working condition survey. The occupation risk factors, including socioeconomic, ergonomic, psychosocial factors, were investigated. We used the multiple logistic regression analysis to determine the relationship between risk factors and low back pain.
RESULTS
The prevalence of self-reported work-related low back pain was 27.7%. Adjusting for confounding factors, we determined that whole body vibration(OR 1.64 95% CI: 1.09~2.48), tiring posture(OR 5.18, 95% CI: 3.01~8.93), extended work(OR 1.91, 95% CI: 1.20~3.04), night-time work(OR 2.79, 95% CI: 1.86~4.19), evening work(OR 2.82, 95% CI: 1.78~4.46), shift work(OR 2.35, 95% CI: 1.30~4.26), job dissatisfaction (OR 2.65, 95% CI: 1.76~3.99), and experiencing physical violence at work(OR 5.31, 95% CI: 1.25~22.67) had meaningful relationships with low back pain.
CONCLUSIONS
We found that the psychosocial risk factors were the most significant factors among drivers of transportation vehicles in Korea. Therefore, we suggest a health promotion program to relieve Job stress as a solution to prevent and control low back pain among drivers of transportation vehicles in Korea.

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  • The association between long working hours and work-related musculoskeletal symptoms of Korean wage workers: data from the fourth Korean working conditions survey (a cross-sectional study)
    Jae-Gwang Lee, Guang Hwi Kim, Sung Won Jung, Sang Woo Kim, June-Hee Lee, Kyung-Jae Lee
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A study on Related Factor and Knowledge of Back Pain in Workers Employed at Cement factory
    Gi-Yeol Kim, Jung-Lim Oh, Kyoung-Ok Hwang
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(1): 536.     CrossRef
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    Taek-Sang Cho, Woo-Jin Jeon, Jin-Gu Lee, Jong-Min Seok, Jae-Hwan Cho
    Journal of Physical Therapy Science.2014; 26(6): 925.     CrossRef
  • Study of the relationship between fire fighter's musculoskeletal disorder related observable symptoms and their absence from disease and accident
    Seo-Yeon Choi, Il-Gyu Park, Dong-Ho Rie
    Journal of the Korea Safety Management and Science.2013; 15(4): 89.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Estimated Occupational Injury Rate and work Related Factors Based on Data From the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Dal Young Jung, Hwan Cheol Kim, Jong Han Leem, Shin Goo Park, Dong Hoon Lee, Seung Jun Lee, Gee Woong Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(2):149-163.   Published online June 30, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.2.149
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study used representative national survey data of Korean workers to estimate the occupational injury rate and to identify factors associated with occupational injuries.
METHODS
We analyzed data from the fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted from 2007 to 2009 using the Complex Samples Frequencies procedure of the SPSS to estimate the occupational injury rate. Complex Samples Logistic Regression was performed to calculate a nationally representative odds ratios that reflects the likelihood of specific individual attributes and job characteristics being associated with occupational injuries. We did this while controlling for relevant covariates.
RESULTS
It was estimated that 3.5% of Korean workers have suffered at least one occupational injury and 1.9% of full-time employed workers have suffered occupational injuries which required more than 4 days of absence during the year. After adjustment for confounding variables, the experience of occupational injuries was related to several job characteristics, including exposure to hazards such as: air pollutants (OR=1.40; 95%CI: 1.05~1.85), noise (OR=1.31; 95%CI: 1.01~1.70), biological hazards (OR=1.60; 95%CI: 1.13~2.28), a difficult physical environment (OR=1.79; 95%CI: 1.33~2.41), and difficult ergonomic work (e.g. work involving awkward posture or heavy lifting) (OR=1.49; 95%CI: 1.11~2.00).
CONCLUSIONS
Using national survey data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to estimate the occupational injury rate and to identify predictors of work-related injuries has several advantages. Futhermore, these results suggest that a hazardous work environment is associated with occupational injury.

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Original Article
The Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Symptoms and the Ergonomic Risk Factors among Oriental Melon-growing Farmers
Kyu Jung Bae, Kyoung Sook Lee, Yong Ku Kong, Gyung Jae Oh, Soo Jin Lee
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(1):1-8.   Published online March 31, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.1.1
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in oriental melon-growing farmers and to evaluate the ergonomic risk factors of melon cultivation.
METHODS
The study included 217 subjects growing oriental melons mainly in 3 villages. Subjects were interviewed by means of a structured questionnaire. Instruments used the general features and symptom table of NIOSH to evaluate tasks using ergonomic tools (REBA, OWAS).
RESULTS
A total of 202 final respondents answered. The prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms based on the NIOSH standard criteria was 162 (75.2%). The prevalence per body part for lower back, knee and shoulder were 102 (50.5%), 86 (42.6%) and 71 (35.1%), respectively. The prevalence of pain complaints of the musculoskeletal symptom was 91 (45.0%). The prevalence of complaints per body part of lower back, knee and shoulder were 54 (26.7%), 41 (20.3%) and 37 (18.3%), respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed men were at higher risk compared to women (OR=2.409, 95% CI=1.071~5.389), and ore than 30 years of work having a higher risk compared to less than 30 years of work (OR=2.445, 95% CI=1.150~5.197). High risk tasks were moving around boxes and nursery plants for planting, transplanting nursery plants, and picking melons.
CONCLUSIONS
Musculoskeletal symptoms were very highly prevalent in oriental melon-growing farmers, showing up in 75.2% of cases. They were exposed to ergonomic high risk factors such as squatting. These risk factors must be improved in some way.

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    Do Yeon Won, Ji Hye Choi, Chang Hyeon Baek, Na Yun Park, Min Gu Kang, Young Jin Seo
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    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Original Article
Risk Factors of Musculoskeletal Injuries among the Marine Corps Enlisted Trainees
Seong Woo Choi, Jong Seo Park, Sun Ok Jung
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2010;22(2):146-153.   Published online June 30, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2010.22.2.146
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVE: The Korean Marine Corps enlistees endure tremendous physical and mental stress during basic military training, resulting in an increased risk of musculoskeletal injuries. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and type of the musculoskeletal injury problems and the risk factors associated with injuries among the Marine Corps recruits and to suggest preventive measures.
METHODS
The study subjects were the Marine Corps recruits (n=8,231) who were enlisted from July, 2008 to March, 2009 for basic military training. We used a prospective cohort design and collected basic demographic information and subject musculoskeletal injury risk factors through a questionnaire on the first day basic training. The subjects were followed for the subsequent 6-week military training period.
RESULTS
The cumulative incidence of musculoskeletal injuries was 13.4% during the 6-week training period, and more than half of the injuries involved the lower limbs at or below the level of the knee. Based on multivariate logistic regression analysis, the following factors were related to an elevated risk for injuries: age, height, educational level, subjective health perception, injury history during the past year, and stress scale after entrance.
CONCLUSION
Based on our study results, the application of injury prevention measures such as stress management program and gradual fitness increasing program to the Marine Corps recruit training would contribute to the reduction of musculoskeletal injuries.

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    Jeong Min Yi, Gwang Suk Kim
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    Hak Young Rhee, Jae Hwan Cho, Jong Min Seok, Taek Sang Cho, Woo Jin Jeon, Jin Gu Lee, Sung Kyu Kim
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    Taek-Sang Cho, Woo-Jin Jeon, Jin-Gu Lee, Jong-Min Seok, Jae-Hwan Cho
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    Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology.2011; 5(6): 315.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Dose-Response Relationships between Work-Related Musculoskeletal Neck Symptom and Physical Risk Factors (2 year follow-up study)
Jingon Sul, Dongmug Kang, Suill Lee, Youngki Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2007;19(2):145-155.   Published online June 30, 2007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2007.19.2.145
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
To estimate the association of work-related musculoskeletal neck symptom and occupational risk factors, and to identify the dose-response relationships between work-related musculoskeletal neck symptom and physical condition.
METHODS
Workers from four metal industry companies were enrolled in the study. General characteristics, psyhcosocial and physical risk factors and work-related musculoskeletal neck symptom were investigated by questionnaire in the baseline study. At the follow-up study 2 years later, the neck symptom was surveyed. Workers who did not complain neck symptom at baseline and complain at follow-up, and workers who did complain neck symptom at baseline and follow-up were defined as case. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of physical risk factors were estimated for these subjects. Additionally, subjects who did not change their work at follow-up were analysed.
RESULTS
Among the cohort of 251, 199 (79.3%) were used in the analysis, of which 71 (35.7%) were classified as cases. The adjusted ORs and the ORs of the subjects who did not change their work were increased with exposure to the following kinds of work: 'repetitive', 'lift', 'push/pull', 'neck/shoulder (overhead/bend)', 'hand/wrist (bend/pinch)', 'trunk (twist/bend)', 'pressure point', and 'incentive work'. Finally, with increasing exposure to 'repetitive', 'lift', 'push/pull', 'awkward postures', 'pressure point', and 'incentive work', the risks of work-related musculoskeletal neck symptom were increased.
CONCLUSIONS
Work-related musculoskeletal neck symptom was increased with increasing exposure time of certain physical risk factors, and a dose-response relationship was observed.

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    Eunkwang Ryu, Byeongjin Ye, Youngil Yi, Jungwon Kim
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2014;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Sung-Koon Lee, Peom Park
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Original Article
Occupational Stress on Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases and Metabolic Syndrome
Jung Jin Cho, Ji Yong Kim, Jung Soo Byun
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2006;18(3):209-220.   Published online September 30, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2006.18.3.209
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between occupational stress and cardiovascular risk factors including metabolic syndrome in a working population.
METHODS
A cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted among Koreans working in several industries. They were questioned about: demographic factors, marital status, education, personal history, alcohol intake, smoking, and physical activity , while their occupational stress was assessed using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS). The subjects were measured for height, weight, blood pressure, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and LDLcholesterol. Regression analyses to determine the relationships between occupational stressors using KOSS and cardiovascular risk factors were performed using multivariate models with adjustment for potential confounders.
RESULTS
A total of 2,097 workers (1,770 men and 327 women) were included. Multiple logistic regression analysis (socio-demographics and potential confounders) demonstrated a positive association between high interpersonal conflicts and hypertension, a negative association between high job insecurity and diabetes and no association between any KOSS subscale and metabolic syndrome and obesity. Multiple linear regression, adjusted for socio-demographics and potential confounders demonstrated a negative association between low HDL-cholesterol and poor physical environments, high job demand and poor job insecurity and no association between lipid profiles and other KOSS sub-scales.
CONCLUSIONS
A few KOSS sub-scales such as interpersonal conflicts showed a positive association with hypertension in Korean workers. Neverthelsss, some measures of occupational stress showed a negative association with diabetes and HDL-cholesterol in cross-sectional population-based survey. We therefore decided to conclude this association by longitudinal study.

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Original Article
Farmers'Syndrome and its Risk Factors of Vinylhouse and Non-vinylhouse Farmers in Gyeongbuk Province Rural Area
Jung Jeung Lee, Jin Hoon Yang, In Sob Hwang
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2006;18(2):146-155.   Published online June 30, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2006.18.2.146
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to estimate the risk factors affecting the farmers'syndrome of vinylhouse and non-vinylhouse farmers in the Gyeongbuk Province rural area.
METHODS
As a cross-sectional study, a questionnaire survey was conducted from 2003 to 2005. Data was collected from 243 vinylhouse farmers and 236 non-vinylhouse farmers. The data from 394 subjects were used for the final analysis. We surveyed their lifestyle, 8 components of farmers'syndrome and characteristics of farm work.
RESULTS
For the vinylhouse and non-vinylhouse workers, 32.0% and 34.0% were positive for farmers syndrome, while 48.3% and 43.5% were suspicious, respectively. The differences between the two groups were not significant. For both groups, the most frequent symptom of farmers'syndrome was lumbago, followed by paresthesia of hand or foot, and shoulder stiffness. Among the vinylhouse workers, the rates of wearing protective equipment and washing the skin after spraying pesticide were significantly lower than among the non-vinylhouse workers. From multiple logistic regression analysis, the risk factors significantly associated with farmers'syndrome were sex {odds ratio (OR)=3.12, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.42-6.89} and hours of farming per day (OR=2.63, 95%CI=1.22-5.65) among vinylhouse workers. However, sex (OR=4.24, 95%CI=1.87-9.65) was the only the risk factor significantly associated with farmers'syndrome among the non-vinylhouse workers.
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, educational programs and attention to the female farmers were needed in particular. In addition, it was recommended that the farmers wear protective equipment continuously from opening the coverlets of the pesticide container to the completion of pesticide spraying, and wash the skin immediately after contact with pesticides.

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  • Occupational Exposure to Pesticides and Nerve Conduction Studies Among Korean Farmers
    Su Kyeong Park, Kyoung Ae Kong, Eun Shil Cha, Young Joo Lee, Gyu Taek Lee, Won Jin Lee
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    Ae-Ran Joo
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    Jong-Suk Chun, Jung-Woo Jee, Kyoung-Sook Hwang
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    Kwan LEE, Hyun-Sul LIM
    INDUSTRIAL HEALTH.2008; 46(5): 424.     CrossRef
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Original Article
The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Osteopenia and Osteoporosis in 40-59 year-old male workers
Yun Kyun Chang, Hyun Ju Seo, Young Woo Jin, Mi Seon Joeng, Suk Hee Sung, Doo Yong Park, Chong Soon Kim, Soo Geun Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2006;18(2):130-137.   Published online June 30, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2006.18.2.130
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of osteopenia and osteoporosis in 40-59 year-old male workers working at nuclear power plants.
METHODS
Bone density, body composition, and anthropometry data were analyzed for 2,073 subjects were carried out from March 2004 to July, 2004. Educational level, smoking status, drinking status and frequency of physical activity were investigated by self-reported questionnaires through internet to identify lifestyles related to bone mass density. Bone mass density was measured by EXE-3000 of Osteosys Co. and body fat percentage, and waist-to-hip ratio by Inbody 3.0 of Biospace Co.
RESULTS
The prevalence of ostepeniaosteopenia and osteoporosis was 22.8% and 3.0%, respectively. According to multinominal multinomial logistic regression analysis, age, smoking status (current smoker and former smoker), low body mass index (< 25 kg/m2), and frequency of physical activity were significantly associated with osteopenia and osteoporosis.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis wasseemed high for the, when it was inferred from subjects' age compared to the results of previous studies. The This study results suggeststhat it is necessary for 40-59 year-old male workers to stop smoking, and exercise regularly in order to prevent osteopenia and osteoporosis.

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    Kyung-Shin Paek
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    Korean Journal of Urology.2009; 50(4): 327.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Risk factors for musculoskeletal symptoms in aviation maintenance technicians
Duck Hee Chae, Jeong Hyun Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;17(3):173-185.   Published online September 30, 2005
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2005.17.3.173
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
To identify risk factors for musculoskeletal symptoms in aviation maintenance technicians in order to provide basic information for intervention programs to prevent and manage musculoskeletal symptoms for these technicians.
METHODS
Between October 18 and 25, 2004, 286 aviation maintenance technicians answered a self-administered questionnaire, which included general characteristics, Karasek's Job Content Questionnaire for psychosocial characteristics, and work-related characteristics. The musculoskeletal symptoms were evaluated using the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) surveillance criteria. Statistical analysis included means and standard deviation, x2-test, t-test, and logistic regression.
RESULTS
A quarter (25.8%) of the workers reported musculoskeletal symptoms in more than one body region. The prevalence of symptoms was 12.9% in the lower back, 10.2% in the shoulders, 9.4% in the legs/foots, 9% in the neck, 5.9% in the hands/wrists/fingers, and 2.7% in the arms/elbows. General characteristics were not found to influence musculoskeletal symptoms, except that workers practicing regular exercise reported fewer lower back symptoms (p=.038). Low social support (p=.001), and low supervisory support (p=.000) were significant factors for increased musculoskeletal symptoms whereas decisions latitude, psychological job demands, and co-worker support were not found to have significant associations, with the exception of low decision latitude which was significantly associated with increased legs/foots symptoms (p=.034). More than two thirds (69.6%) of the workers whose perceived physical load was very high complained of symptoms. This rate was eight times higher than for workers whose perceived load was very low (p=.000). The workers highly exposed to both physical and psychosocial risk factors were more likely to report musculoskeletal symptoms than workers highly exposed to only one of these factors (p=.000). The odds ratios for very high-perceived physical load (OR 13.9) and low supervisory support (OR 2.9) were clearly increased.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study suggest that consideration for perceived physical load and psychosocial characteristics as important determinants is necessary to prevent musculoskeletal symptoms in aviation maintenance technicians. To develop effective intervention programs to prevent musculoskeletal symptoms, a comprehensive and systematic approach should be the basic premise. Such an intervention program should consist of ergonomic, managerial and behavioral interventions to reduce physical load and psychosocial factors.

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Original Article
Selection of a High Risk Group and the Effectiveness of an Exercise Program on Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Small and Medium Sized Enterprises
Bo Kyoung Kim, Chung Yill Park, Hyeon Woo Yim, Jung Wan Koo, Kang Sook Lee
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;17(1):10-25.   Published online March 31, 2005
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2005.17.1.10
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to provide data for the establishment of a practical and the effective exercise program for managing the musculoskeletal symptoms of workers who are employed in small and medium sized enterprises.
METHODS
The risk factors related to musculoskeletal disease management were chosen according to the relevant literatures, and were based on advise from experts on the Delphi method. Questionnaires on selected risk factors (with a 5-point Likert scale) were given to 785 subjects who worked in small and medium sized enterprises. The subjects were then classified in the risk group when they had the symptoms and recorded at least 3 points. From those subjects in the risk group, those who had both work-related factors and general characteristics factors (with an average of at least 3 points) were further classified as the high risk group. We performed a 12-week musculoskeletal exercise program for the low and high risk groups to analyze their changes in symptoms and complaints in order to estimate the effectiveness of the exercise program.
RESULTS
Out of 785 subjects, 454(57.8%) were in the risk group of musculoskeletal diseases and 121(15.4%) were in the high risk group. According to multiple logistic regression analysis of the factors for the musculoskeletal symptoms in the low risk group, the significant risk factors were sex and personal disease related with musculoskeletal disease, while the risk factors in the high risk group were age, sex, and personal disease related with musculoskeletal disease. After the 12-week exercise program was performed by the low risk group, the number of musculoskeletal symptom complaints in the control group did not significantly changed, whereas for the intervention group, the number of musculoskeletal symptom complaints significantly declined for all parts of the body. After the 12-week exercise program performed by the high risk group, the number of musculoskeletal symptom complaints in the control group was significantly enhanced for the arm and elbow parts. In the intervention group, the complaint rate for musculoskeletal symptoms significantly declined only for the low back.
CONCLUSION
The musculoskeletal symptoms were significantly improved by the exercise program in the low risk group, but not in the high risk group. It is suggested that control measures on administrative and/or work related factors, in addition to the exercise program should be considered simultaneously for the control of musculoskeletal symptoms in groups at high risk of musculoskeletal disease.

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    Jae-Gwang Lee, Guang Hwi Kim, Sung Won Jung, Sang Woo Kim, June-Hee Lee, Kyung-Jae Lee
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Original Article
Risk Factors of Work-related Musculoskeletal Symptoms Among Motor Engine Assembly Plant Workers
Young Ki Kim, Dong Mug Kang, Sang Baek Koh, Byung Chul Son, Jung Won Kim, Dae Whan Kim, Gun Hyung Kim, Seong Ho Han
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004;16(4):488-498.   Published online December 31, 2004
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2004.16.4.488
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
To determine the synthetic risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders, and to examine effect on musculoskeletal symptoms of physical work intensity and change of work intensity.
METHODS
Self-administered questionnaraire survey was conducted on 588 motor engine assembly workers, in Chanwon, Kyungnam provance, Korea, from April 1 to May 31, 2003. The contents of the questionnaire investigation included general characteristic items, workrelated characteristic items, presence of musculoskeletal symptoms, ergonomic risk factors items, job stress items, current physical work intensity and changes of work intensity items. The results underwent statistical analysis with frequency test, t-test, and logistic regression. The statistical significance level was 0.05, and SAS(v8.1) was used.
RESULTS
Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between risk factors and musculoskeletal symptoms. From the results, significant variables were high Quick Exposure Check (QEC) score, high job demand control, physical work intensity, change of work intensity.
CONCLUSION
Among the known risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders, the outbreak of musculoskeletal symptoms was confirmed to be correlated with age, tenure, ergonomic risk factors, and job stress. Physical work intensity and the changes of work intensity were also related to musculoskeletal symptoms.

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    Young Hoon Moon, Young Joon Yang, Sang Yoon Do, Jae Yoon Kim, Chul Gab Lee, Hong Jae Chae, Soo Hyeon Kim, Han Soo Song
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Korea Provoked by Workers’ Collective Compensation Claims against Work Intensification
    Dongmug Kang, Youngki Kim, Young-Il Lee, Sangbaek Koh, Inah Kim, Hoonkoo Lee
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2014;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Its Related Factors among Male Workers in a Nonferrous Manufacturing Industry
    Yeon-Ok Jeong, Young-Chae Cho
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  • Work-Related Musculoskeletal Symptoms Among Dairy Farmers in Gyeonggi Province, Korea
    Ji-Hyuk Park, Hyun-Sul Lim, Kwan Lee
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    Kyoo Sang Kim, Min Gi Kim
    Safety and Health at Work.2010; 1(2): 158.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Risk Factors of Work-related Musculoskeletal Symptoms Among Ship-yard Workers
Jong Eun Kim, Dong Mug Kang, Yong Chul Shin, Mi A Son, Jung Won Kim, Jin Hong Ahn, Young Ki Kim, Deog Hwan Moon
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2003;15(4):401-410.   Published online December 31, 2003
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2003.15.4.401
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTS: This study was conducted to prepare the primitive data of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among ship-yard workers in order to set up management and prevention strategies by investigating the risk factors for WMSD symptoms.
METHODS
We carried out a self-administered questionnaire survey of 7,237 blue-collar workers during October 2001, in a ship-yard of Kyungsangnam Province. We collected 2,223 questionnaires and analysed 1,985. The questionnaires included demographic data, quick exposure check (QEC) for ergonomic risk factors, and Karasek's job content questionnaires (JCQ) for job stress. WMSDs were evaluated by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) surveillance criteria.
RESULTS
Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between risk factors and musculoskeletal symptoms. From the results, significant variables were age, maximum weight of manual handling material, frequency of the back movement during manual handling tasks, deviation or bending of the wrists/hands position, excessively bent or twisted head/neck, job dissatisfaction, and high job demand.
CONCLUSIONS
In order to reduce musculoskeletal disorders of ship-yard workers, it is recommended to reduce the frequency of back movement during manual handling tasks, wrists/hand deviation or bending, and neck bending or twisting. In addition, devoted effort is needed to increase job satisfaction and to reduce job demand.

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    Sang Ye Shin, Eun Suk Lee
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  • Musculoskeletal Disorder Symptoms and Its Related Factors among Male Workers in Manufacturing Industries
    Seung-Hyun Lee, Young-Chae Cho
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(10): 6627.     CrossRef
  • The Study of Muscle Fatigue and Risks of Musculoskeletal System Disorders from Text Inputting on a Smartphone
    Kyung Ko, Hee-Soo Kim, Ji-Hea Woo
    Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea.2013; 32(3): 273.     CrossRef
  • Medical Managements of Musculoskeletal Diseases in Shipbuilding Industry
    Jong-Eun Kim, Young-Ki Kim, Dong-Mug Kang
    Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea.2012; 31(1): 157.     CrossRef
  • Musculoskeletal Disorder Symptoms and Related Factors among Male Workers in Small-scale Manufacturing Industries
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    Yong-Ku Kong, Jun-Goo Han
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Original Article
Risk Factors Related to Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Shipyard Workers
Byung Chan Park, Hae Kwan Cheong, Soo keun Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2003;15(4):373-387.   Published online December 31, 2003
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2003.15.4.373
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study is to determine the risk factors related to musculoskeletal disorders in shipyard workers.
METHODS
A questionnaire survey was performed on 2,140 shipyard workers in a shipyard in Ulsan city. The questionnaire consisted of questions on the general characteristics, the health behavior, work type and duration, physical burden, job control, type of instruments used, posture, and musculoskeletal symptoms. Definition of musculoskeletal disorders was based on either NIOSH criteria and Kim's criteria.
RESULTS
Positive rate of musculoskeletal disorders in any one part of the body was 77.2% by NIOSH criteria and 60.7% by Kim's criteria. Positive rate of the symptoms increased in workers with longer work hours, with a severe physical burden, and without any control over their job. Work with a more frequent unstable posture and for longer hours was also associated with increased musculoskeletal symptoms. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that unstable posture and physical burden is closely related to the positive rate of musculoskeletal symptoms after controlling for age, smoking, drinking, exercise, duration of work, and job control; showing a good dose-response relationship.
CONCLUSION
Inadequate posture and physical burden were the most significant factors affecting musculoskeletal disorders in shipyard workers in this study. Therefore, it will be necessary to make efforts to reduce the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders related to a specific job, instrument, physical burden, and posture. Workers should be educated on the types and prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders, how to improve the ergonomic occupational environment and to set up preventive measures against the risk factors during work.

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  • Ergonomic Research Trends in the Shipbuilding Industry: Present and the Future
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    Yeon-Ok Jeong, Young-Chae Cho
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    Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology.2011; 5(6): 315.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Carpal Tunnel Configuration Measured by Ultrasonography as a Risk Factor of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in Motor Part Manufacturing Workers
Duck Soo Kim, Hae Kwan Cheong, Hyun Sul Lim, Yong Wook Kwon, Jong Min Lee, Dae Hyun Cho, Dae Seob Choi
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2002;14(3):213-226.   Published online September 30, 2002
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2002.14.3.213
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to evaluate individual susceptibility to carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) by ultrasonographic measurement of the carpal tunnel configuration in workers doing repetitive work.
METHODS
The study subjects consisted of 24 male and 11 female workers in a soundproof material manufacturing company in Gyeongju. We conducted a self-reported questionnaire survey, a physical examination and an electrodiagnostic study (EDS) in April 2000. After the examination, jobs were rearranged for workers with CTS. A follow up physical examination, EDS, and measurement of the carpal tunnel by ultrasonography was done six months later.
RESULTS
Of those studied, prevalence of CTS was 63.6/100 persons among women and 29.2/100 persons among men. Mean depth and width of wrist was shorter in those with CTS compareal to the controls (p<0.05). The risk of CTS was higher in workers whose carpal tunnel ratio (displacement/width) was 0.17 or higher (OR 7.13, 95 % confidence interval 1.18-43.1), and in workers whose carpal tunnel area was less than 300 mm2 (OR 8.00, 95 % confidence interval 1.18-68.5). Carpal tunnel depth and depth/width ratio had a positive correlation with motor latency of the median nerve and median-ulnar sensory latency difference (p<0.05), whereas the carpal tunnel width, displacement/depth ratio, and area (width X displacement) had a negative correlation with median nerve latencies after adjusting for gender. Workers who showed an improvement in the clinical stage of CTS after job rearrangement had a significantly lower carpal tunnel displacement/width ratio and displacement/depth ratio. They also had smaller upper carpal tunnel area ( width X displacement) and larger upper carpal tunnel area [(depth-displacement) X width] than the controls (p< 0.05 ).
CONCLUSIONS
Ultrasonographic measurement of the carpal tunnel is a good predictor of susceptibility and prognosis of CTS in workers doing repetivive work.

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  • The Health Effect of Hand Arm Transmitted Vibration
    Jung-Wan Koo
    Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea.2013; 32(4): 303.     CrossRef
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    Journal of Physical Therapy Science.2012; 24(12): 1259.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Effects of Sociodemographic Factors on the Stage of Behavior Change Among Employees of Small to Medium Sized Enterprises
Myung Hoi Koo, Hyeon Woo Yim, Chung Yill Park, Kang Sook Lee, Jung Wan Koo
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2002;14(1):85-96.   Published online March 31, 2002
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2002.14.1.85
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This research attempts to investigate the relationship between health risk factors and workers'behavioral changes based on individual worker's characteristics to allow the development of more effective health promotion programs in businesses places.
METHODS
A questionnaire survey was conducted with 282 workers employed in small to medium sized enterprises in the Kyong-in area of Korea. The questionnaire was composed of general characteristics, a health risk assessment and an evaluation of the stage of behavior change for health promotion strategy in the workplace.
RESULTS
The health risk assessment revealed that 65.7 % of male workers smoke, 70.5% of male workers do not exercise on a regular basis, 86.1 % of female workers do not exercise at all, and 78.6 % of male workers and 50 % of female workers drink alcohol. In addition, the survey identified that 29.5% of male workers are addicted to excessive drinking, as are 11.1% of female workers. Based on the four stages of behavioral changes that lead to health, the pre-contemplation stage, contemplation stage, action stage, and maintenance stage, 40.5 %, 23.7 %, 12.1 % and 23.7 % of workers are in these stages, respectively, with regards to quitting smoking. As for regular exercises, 18.4 %, 37.6 %, 17.7 %, and 26.3 % of workers belong to each stage, respectively. As for moderation in drinking, 20.9 %, 15.4 %, 10.0 %, and 53.7 % are in each stage, respectively. The rate of health managers in the active stage of quitting smoking is significantly higher than that of general workers. Among the workers who do not exercise on a regular basis, workers over 50 years-old and blue color workers are more common in the precontemplation stage than any other worker groups.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study suggest that the stages of behavioral change vary with worker characteristics. An awareness of the effects of the high risk factors is essential for promoting workers'attendance in health promotion programs.

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    Gyu-Seok Hwang, Jae-Wook Choi, Seoung-Hyung Choi, Seoung-Gil Lee, Kyung-Hee Kim, Yong-Min Cho, Chungsik Yoon
    Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health.2012; 24(1): 117.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Factors Affecting Dyspnea in Retired Coal Miners in Korea
Yong Hee Cheon, Sei Jin Chang, Bong Suk Cha
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2001;13(3):286-295.   Published online September 30, 2001
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2001.13.3.286
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was done to examine the risk factors for the dyspnea of retired coal miners in Korea.
METHODS
Eight hundred and sixteen male workers who took the health examination for retired coal miners in the T hospital were recruited, in this study and their health examination records were employed to assess the risk factors for dyspnea. Both univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the relationship between known risk factors and the presence of dyspnea.
RESULTS
Variables in the univariate analysis, which showed a significant relationship with dyspnea were age(>or=60 years) (OR : 2.20, 95% CI : 1.63-3.00), work duration(>or=2 0 years) (OR : 1.67, 95% CI : 1.24-2.25), profusion of small opacity(>or=1/0) (OR : 1.81. 95% CI : 1.30-2.51), large opacity(>or=A) (OR : 2.19, 95% CI : 1.30-3.70), and the ratio of the distance between the start of the first division of the right and left main pulmonary arteries divided by the transverse diameter of the thorax (cor pulmonale index)(>or=0 . 3 6 ) (OR : 2.37, 95% CI : 1.77-3.17). The multivariate analysis using logistic regression analysis showed age(>or=60 years)(OR : 1.69, 95% CI : 1.28-2.21), smoking amount(>or=1 filters/day) (OR : 1.61, 95% CI : 1.06-2.45), no experience of having quit smoking (OR : 1.40 95% CI : 1.06-1.84), and the cor pulmonale index(>or=0.36)(OR : 1.75, 95% CI : 1.34-2.29) were associated with an increased risk for dyspnea.
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggests that the cor pulmonale index is the most significant risk factor in predicting dyspnea in retired coal miners. In addition, this study also revealed that workers aged 60 years or more or smokers were more likely to experience dyspnea as compared to those aged 60 years or less and nonsmokers.

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Original Article
Related factors of high frequency hearing loss in the noise-exposed male workers
Sang Je Jung, Kuck Hyeun Woo, Wan Deup Park, Jae Young Yu, Tae Sung Choi, Sang Woo Kim, Jin Seok Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2000;12(2):187-197.   Published online June 30, 2000
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2000.12.2.187
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of the study was to assess the risk factors assumed to be related to the high frequency hearing loss in the noise-exposed male workers.
METHODS
712 occupationally noise-exposed male workers were included in this cross sectional study. The subjects filled out a questionnaire on the history of noise exposure, hearing protection, otologic diseases, tobacco smoking, and were tested on height, weight, hematocrit, serum total cholesterol level, fasting plasma glucose level and arterial blood pressure level. Pure tone audiometry and otoscopy were conducted and the subjects were allocated into two groups according to whether they had 4000 Hi hearing loss or not.
RESULTS
The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that military noise exposure, poor wearing status of the hearing protection devices, increased age, long noise exposure duration, mean arterial pressure less than 80mmHg, high fasting plasma sugar are the factors significantly related to high frequency hearing loss (P<0.05). On the contrary, there was no significant relationship between noise intensity, body mass index, serum total cholesterol level, smoking and high frequency hearing loss. Low hematocrit was shown to be a significant factor with a p-value less than 0.1.
CONCLUSIONS
High frequency hearing loss in the noise-exposed male workers is related to military noise exposure, use of hearing protection devices, age, noise exposure length, fasting glucose level and mean arterial pressure, in this order. Appropriate use of the hearing protection devices has a great impact on the prevention of the noise-induced hearing loss.

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  • The effect of diabetes on 4-year changes of hearing thresholds in male workers exposed to noise in a single company: a longitudinal study
    Dae Yun Kim, A Ram Kim, Joo Hyun Sung, Choong Ryeol Lee, Jiho Lee
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Original Article
Incidence of Abnormal Liver Function and Risk Factors in Male Employees
Young Ae Ha, Kyeong Dong Chung, Byung Yeol Chun
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2000;12(1):59-69.   Published online March 31, 2000
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2000.12.1.59
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to estimate the incidence of abnormal liver function and risk factors in male employees of an industry in Ulsan City.
METHODS
Five hundreds and seventy nine male employees were selected as the study cohort and 533(92.1%) of them were followed after one year. The blood sample was collected to test for AST, ALT, gamma-GTP, total-cholesterol, fasting blood sugar and a self-administered questionnaire on life style was done. General characteristics(age, marital status, educational level), job department, exposure status for organic solvents, life style(alcohol, smoking, exercise, diet), past history of liver disease, family history of liver disease, drug intake, HBsAg, blood glucose, total-cholesterol were considered as risk factors. The result of liver function test after 1 year follow-up was treated as dependent variable. The operational definition of abnormal liver function was as follows; those who had abnormal liver functions in the two repeated tests with one month interval.
RESULTS
The annual incidence of abnormal liver function was 9.6 per 100 and age-standardized incidence was 9.5. BMI, alcohol, past history of liver disease, and meat intake were significantly related to the incidence(p<0.05). In multiple logistic regression analysis, BMI(RR=2.70, 95% CI=1.41-5.16) and alcohol(RR=1.98, 95% CI=1.08-3.60) were proved as the significant variables. By stratified analysis considering changing pattern of alcohol and BMI, the relative risk of the BMI normal-normal and alcohol intake high-high group was 2.24(95% CI=1.09-4.62) and that of the BMI obese-obese and alcohol intake high-high group was 5.66(95% CI=2.69-11.88) compared with that of BMI normal-normal and alcohol intake low-low group.
CONCLUSIONS
The age-standardized annual incidence of abnormal liver function was 9.5 per 100 in male employees. Thus, an active effort for reducing alcohol intake and controlling BMI should be done to reduce the incidence.

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Original Article
Incidence and Risk Factors for Occupational Low Back Pain Among Shipyard Workers
Sang Baek Koh, Hyong Sik Kim, Hong Ryul Choi, Ji Hee Kim, In Hyok Song, Jun Han Park, Jong Ku Park, Sei Jin Chang, Bong Seok Cha
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2000;12(1):1-11.   Published online March 31, 2000
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2000.12.1.1
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to estimate the incidence rate, and to identify the risk factors for the occupational low back pain among shipyard workers.
METHODS
The study subjects consisted of 9,784 workers who were employed in a ship-building industry(excluded workers who had a history of low pack pain before 1995 or did not take periodic health examination in 1995). The cases were 220 people who experienced back pain from January 1, 1996 to December 31, 1998. To assess risk factors for occupational low back pain, Cox propotional hazard model was used.
RESULTS
During the recent three years from 1996 to 1998, the incidence rate per 1,000 persons was 7. 8 in 1996, 8. 8 in 1997, and 3. 1 in 1998. The main causes of work-related low back pain were sprain, strain and disc herniation. Lifting was the most common cause of back pain(35. 3%), and carrying(10.2%) and pulling(8.0%) were followed. In Cox proportional harzard model, independent risk factors for back pain were body mass index(R.R.; 1.54, 959o C.I.: 1.06-2.25), shift work(R.R.; 1.65, 95% C.I.: 1.19-2.28), and lifting heavy material(R.R. ; 3.95, 95% C.I: 2.29-6.82).
CONCLUSIONS
This study suggests that the risk factors of back pain in shipyard workers were body mass index, shift work and lifting.

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  • Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Korean Police Personnel
    Hak Young Rhee, Jae Hwan Cho, Jong Min Seok, Taek Sang Cho, Woo Jin Jeon, Jin Gu Lee, Sung Kyu Kim
    Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health.2015; 70(4): 177.     CrossRef
  • Musculoskeletal Disorder Symptoms and Its Related Factors among Male Workers in Manufacturing Industries
    Seung-Hyun Lee, Young-Chae Cho
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(10): 6627.     CrossRef
  • Ergonomic Research Trends in the Shipbuilding Industry: Present and the Future
    Yu-Chang Kim
    Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea.2012; 31(1): 131.     CrossRef
  • Musculoskeletal Disorder Symptoms and Related Factors among Male Workers in Small-scale Manufacturing Industries
    Seung-Hyun Lee, Ju-Yeon Lee, Young-Chae Cho
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2012; 13(9): 4025.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Factors Associated with Psychoneurobehavjral Outcomes in Workers Exposed to Manganese
Kyoo Sang Kim, Yangho Kim, Youngwoo Jin, Euna Kim, Jeong Sun Yang, Kwi Ryun Kwon, Jae Woo Kim, Jaehoon Roh, Young Hahn Moon
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1999;11(2):213-228.   Published online June 30, 1999
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1999.11.2.213
AbstractAbstract PDF
The risk posed to human health by environmental manganese (Mn) exposure is unknown. The purpose of this study is to establish if subclinical effects related to Mn exposure and examine the factors influencing psychoneurobehaviral outcomes of Mn exposed workers. This study involved 121 male workers of welding, alloy furnace, and manufacturing of welding stick. Study investigations include: a questionnaire covering demographic characteristics, job and exposure history and medical symptoms and conditions, monitoring workplace air for personal exposure to respirable and inhalable manganese, analysis of blood and urine samples. psychoneurobehaviral test(neurobehaviral core test battery (NCTB), signal change on magnetic resonance imaging (MRJ) scans, minimental state and neurological examination). The main results of this study were as follows: 1. Preliminary results showed that, with increasing manganese exposure, neurobehaviral performance was poorer and signal change on MRI scans increased. 2. The results of examination revealed significant relations on psychoneurobehaviral out-comes (neurobehaviral performance, signal change on MRI scans, and neurological features). 3. In multiple regression, age and educational status as demographic variables and exposure level were significantly related to 4neurobehaviral test. Also exposure level and serum Mn concentrations were positively relatel to signal change on MRI scans and neurological features affected by Mn on the brain (signal change). 4. Psychoneurobehaviral outcomes from Mn exposure were related to neurobehaviral performance, signal change on MRJ scans, neurological features and profile of mood states (POMS), and influnced positively with age, alcohol and smoking history, and duration of Mn exposure, negatively with educational status. Serum Mn concentrations in combination with brain MRI scans, and perhaps a battery of neurobehaviral tests, appear to be the best way to monitor excessive exposure to Mn. These results are consistent with our knowledge on Mn action on the brain and are similar to the type of neurobehaviral dysfunction. They suggest that there may be age, educational status, and life style (alcohol and drinking history) differences with chronic environmental exposure. These findings suggest further evaluation, particularly on relationships between Mn exposure, aging, and susceptibility factors.

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  • A Study on the Total, Particle Size-Selective Mass Concentration of Airborne Manganese, and Blood Manganese Concentration of Welders in a Shipbuilding Yard
    Jong Su Park, Pan Gyi Kim, Jee Yeon Jeong
    Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.2015; 25(4): 472.     CrossRef
  • Associations between Airborne Manganese and Blood Manganese in the Korean General Population according to KNHANES 2008-2009
    Kyung Sick Jung, Jong Dae Lee, Yong Bae Kim
    Journal of Environmental Science International.2013; 22(12): 1589.     CrossRef
  • Neurobehavioral Deficits and Parkinsonism in Occupations with Manganese Exposure: A Review of Methodological Issues in the Epidemiological Literature
    Robert M. Park
    Safety and Health at Work.2013; 4(3): 123.     CrossRef
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    Silvia Zoni, Giulia Bonetti, Roberto Lucchini
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Original Article
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Occupational Low Back Pain among the Production Workers in a Steel and a Welding Material Manufacturing Factories
Hyun Sul Lim, Soo Keun Kim, Duck Soo Kim, Doohie Kim, Jongmin Lee, Yang Ho Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1999;11(1):52-65.   Published online March 31, 1999
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1999.11.1.52
AbstractAbstract PDF
A cross-sectional study was conducted for detecting the risk factors and to propose an effective control program for occupational low back pain. The subjects were 1,665 male production workers employed at a steel factory and a welding material manufacturing factory. The data were collected by a self-reported questionnaire and a medical examination with a rehabilitation specialist for ten days in September, 1997. The contents of the questionnaire were as follows: general characteristics, physical characteristics, employment status, type of work, working environment and the experience of low back pain. The number of cases with symptoms of occupational low back pain were 321, so the point prevalence was 19.3 persons/100 persons. The number of cases with a history of occupational low back pain for one year were 554, so the one year period prevalence was 33.3 persons/100 persons. The point and one year period prevalences of occupational low back pain showed no significant differences in age, marital status, educational level and body mass index. The point and one year period prevalences of occupational low back pain showed no significant differences in alcohol drinking, smoking, stretching exercise and regular exercise. The point and one year period prevalences of occupational low back pain were significantly higher in the unsatisfied group than the satisfied group(p < 0.01), However, no significant differences were found among tenures and shift work. The point and one year period prevalences of occupational low back pain were significantly higher in the lifting of heavy materials group than the nonlifting group(p < 0.01). However, no significant differences were found among posture of the waist and the working posture. Through the multivariate logistic regression, significantly associated factors with occupational low back pain were found to be dissatisfaction with job(point prevalence: OR=1.78, 95% CI: 1.21-2.61; one year prevalence: OR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.26-2.47), lifting of heavy materials(point prevalence: OR=1.94. 95% CI: 1.44-2.61: one year prevalence: OR=2.17, 95% CI: 1.70-2.77) and tenure(point prevalence: OR=1.03. 95% CI: 1.01-1.06: one year prevalence: OR=1.02, 95% CI: 1.00-1.05).

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
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    Jae-Ho KIM
    JOURNAL OF FISHRIES AND MARINE SCIENCES EDUCATION.2018; 30(4): 1265.     CrossRef
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