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Original Article
A pilot study to assess a risk of a high-risk group of low back pain membership in workers who perform the manual material handling tasks
Sungho Lee, Seongchan Heo, Jong-Young Lee
Ann Occup Environ Med 2021;33:e34.   Published online November 17, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2021.33.e34
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

We conducted this experimental study to estimate a risk of a high-risk group of low back pain (LBP) membership in workers who perform the manual material handling (MMH) tasks in an actual workplace setting.

Methods

The subjects include healthy workers who were engaged in 12 MMH tasks at 6 manufacturing companies. We assessed the dynamic motion of trunk or lumbar spine using an industrial lumbar motion monitor (BioDynamics Laboratory of Ohio State University). The subjects were evaluated for the age, gender, years of working and anthropometric measurements (e.g., height, weight, shoulder height, elbow height, iliac height, leg length, trunk length, trunk circumference, iliac width, iliac depth, xiphoid width and xiphoid depth). Moreover, they were also evaluated for a risk of a high-risk group of LBP membership based on lift frequency, average twisting velocity, maximum moment, maximum sagittal flexion and maximum lateral velocity.

Results

The subjects who were engaged in a packaging at a detergent manufacturing company are at the greatest risk of LBP (63.76%). This was followed by packaging at a leather product manufacturing company (57.06%), packaging at a non-metallic casting material manufacturing company (57.03%), manual injection at a non-metallic casting material manufacturing company (52.00%), toggling at a leather product manufacturing company (46.09%), non-metallic casting material manufacturing company (42.88%), rolling at a non-metallic mineral product manufacturing company (42.12%), shooting at a non-metallic casting material manufacturing company (40.99%), vacuum processes at a leather product manufacturing company (35.00%), looping at a general industrial machinery manufacturing company (33.93%), setting at a leather product manufacturing company (30.22%) and packaging at a general metal product manufacturing company (22.02%).

Conclusions

Our approach indicates that there is a risk of a high-risk group of LBP membership in workers who perform the MMH tasks.


Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • ERGONOMİK RİSK DEĞERLENDİRME YÖNTEMLERİYLE TESPİT EDİLMİŞ FİZİKSEL İŞ YÜKÜ İLE ENERJİ TÜKETİMİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
    Emin Kahya, Ceyda Özgen, Nasiba Jorayeva
    Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik ve Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi.2024; 32(2): 1315.     CrossRef
  • Research misconduct using a ghostwriter in a paper-writing company
    Kyunghee Jung-Choi
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Research Article
Comparison of work environment and occupational injury in direct and indirect employment in Korea and Europe
Joonho Ahn, Seong-Sik Cho, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, Jun-Pyo Myong, Mo-Yeol Kang
Ann Occup Environ Med 2019;31:e24.   Published online September 25, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2019.31.e24
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Background

To investigate the risk of injury for indirect employment in Korea, we compared work environment, workplace exposure, and injury risk according to the type of employment contract between Korea and European Union (EU) countries.

Methods

We analyzed data of blue-collar workers from the fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey (2014) and the sixth European Working Conditions Survey (2015) and compared workplace risk factors and preventive factors for occupational injuries. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the relationship between occupational injury and the type of employment contract after adjusting for age and sex.

Results

For descriptive characteristics, a relatively older age, lower income, lower proportion of full-time work, greater proportion in small-sized companies, and fewer unionizations were noted in indirect employment in Korea than in direct employment. Workplace exposure was significantly higher in indirect employment in both Korea and Europe. Among safety-related factors, indirect employment in both Korea and Europe lacked the support of company education, coworkers, and supervisors. Indirectly employed blue-collar workers had a significantly higher risk of occupational injury than those directly employed in Korea (odds ratio [OR]: 1.876), whereas there was no significant difference between directly and indirectly employed workers in EU countries (OR: 1.038).

Conclusions

Indirectly employed blue-collar workers have an increased risk of occupational injury in Korea.


Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Estimated trends in hospitalizations due to occupational injuries in Korea based on the Korean National Hospital Discharge In-depth Injury Survey (2006-2019)
    Seonguk Baek, Won-Tae Lee, Min-Seok Kim, Myeong-Hun Lim, Jin-Ha Yoon
    Epidemiology and Health.2023; : e2023042.     CrossRef
  • Teleworking Is Significantly Associated with Anxiety Symptoms and Sleep Disturbances among Paid Workers in the COVID-19 Era
    Minji Kim, Inho Park, Hyojin An, Byungyoon Yun, Jin-Ha Yoon
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(2): 1488.     CrossRef
  • Economic costs and Predictors of occupation-related Injuries in Ethiopian sugar industries from the Employer’s perspective: top-down approach and friction method
    Mitiku Bonsa Debela, Muluken Azage, Negussie Deyessa, Achenef Motbainor Begosaw
    BMC Public Health.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association between physical risk factors and sleep disturbance among workers in Korea: The 5th Korean Working Conditions Survey
    Inho Park, Seunghan Kim, Yangwook Kim, Byungyoon Yun, Jin-Ha Yoon
    Sleep Medicine.2022; 100: 157.     CrossRef
  • Comparative analyses of occupational injuries among temporary agency worker and direct contract workers: Findings from the Korea Health Panel 2009–2018
    Joonho Ahn, Jongin Lee, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, Yu Min Lee, Tae-Won Jang, Dong-Wook Lee, Mo-Yeol Kang
    Journal of Occupational Health.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Inequalities in External-Cause Mortality in 2018 across Industries in Republic of Korea
    Jiyoung Lim, Kwon Ko, Kyung Eun Lee, Jae Bum Park, Seungho Lee, Inchul Jeong
    Safety and Health at Work.2022; 13(1): 117.     CrossRef
  • Shift Work and Dry Eye Disease in the Korean Working Population: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study
    Joonho Ahn, So-Jung Ryu, Jihun Song, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(10): 5492.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence of Occupational Injury among Workers in the Construction, Manufacturing, and Mining Industries in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
    Mitiku Bonsa Debela, Muluken Azage, Achenef Motbainor Begosaw
    Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology.2021; 10(2): 113.     CrossRef
  • The Occupational Characteristics and Health Status of Workers in Geographically Isolated and Confined Areas in the Republic of Korea
    Joonho Ahn, Jongin Lee, Sang Ha Lee, Min Young Park, Wanhyung Lee
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Research Article
Association between depression and cardiovascular disease risk in general population of Korea: results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2016
Jinho Song, Tae Hwan Koh, One Park, Daeil Kwon, Seonghoon Kang, Kyeongmin Kwak, Jong-Tae Park
Ann Occup Environ Med 2019;31:e10.   Published online June 20, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2019.31.e10
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Background

Depression is considered as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and associated with changes in individuals' health status that might influence CVD risk. However, most studies have scrutinized this relationship on a rather narrower and specific study population. By focusing on general population of Korea, we sought to inspect the association of depression with CVD risk and cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods

The data from the first year (2016) of the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was used. Participants were classified by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score as such: normal group (PHQ-9 score 0–4), mild depression (MD) group (PHQ-9 score 5–9) and moderate and severe depression (MSD) group (PHQ-9 score 10–27). General linear model was used to analyze differences and the trend of mean CVD risk according to depression level. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) were calculated by logistic regression to identify the association between depression and cardiovascular risk factors after adjusting for age.

Results

Mean CVD risk of MSD group was higher than that of normal group (p < 0.05). There was a tendency of CVD risk to increase as depression worsened (p < 0.01). Among men, MSD group was associated with current smoking (AOR, 2.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.78–4.97), taking antihypertensive medications (AOR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.26–4.66), increased fasting blood sugar (> 125 mg/dL; AOR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.25–4.50) and taking diabetes medications (AOR, 3.08; 95% CI, 1.65–5.72). MD group was associated with current smoking (AOR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.18–2.17). Among women, MSD group was associated with high body mass index (≥ 25 kg/m2; AOR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.11–2.32), large waist circumference (≥ 85 cm; AOR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.12–2.37), current smoking (AOR, 5.11; 95% CI, 3.07–8.52) and taking diabetes medications (AOR, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.68–4.08). MD group was associated with current smoking (AOR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.18–2.93).

Conclusions

We suggest that depression is associated with increased risk for CVD occurrence in general population of Korea.


Citations

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  • A Potential Role for MAGI-1 in the Bi-Directional Relationship Between Major Depressive Disorder and Cardiovascular Disease
    Priyanka Banerjee, Khanh Chau, Sivareddy Kotla, Eleanor L. Davis, Estefani Berrios Turcios, Shengyu Li, Zhang Pengzhi, Guangyu Wang, Gopi Krishna Kolluru, Abhishek Jain, John P. Cooke, Junichi Abe, Nhat-Tu Le
    Current Atherosclerosis Reports.2024; 26(9): 463.     CrossRef
  • Awareness and related factors of depressive symptoms in breastfeeding people in South Korea: a survey-based cross-sectional study
    Jiyoung Song, Eunwon Lee
    BMJ Open.2023; 13(7): e068282.     CrossRef
  • Depression and cardiovascular risk in primary care patients
    Stephanie A. Hooker, Patrick J. O'Connor, JoAnn M. Sperl-Hillen, A. Lauren Crain, Kris Ohnsorg, Sheryl Kane, Rebecca Rossom
    Journal of Psychosomatic Research.2022; 158: 110920.     CrossRef
  • The relationship between lifestyle risk factors and depression in Korean older adults: a moderating effect of gender
    Shinuk Kim
    BMC Geriatrics.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Self-Esteem as a Mediator between Life Satisfaction and Depression among Cardiovascular Disease Patients
    Zeying Qin, Songli Mei, Tingting Gao, Leilei Liang, Chuanen Li, Yueyang Hu, Xinmeng Guo, Cuicui Meng, Jianping Lv, Tongshuang Yuan, Junsong Fei, Qian Tong, Yang Yang
    Clinical Nursing Research.2022; 31(1): 115.     CrossRef
  • Muscle Strength Moderates the Relationship between Nutritional Health Risk and Depression in Korean Older Adults
    Jeonghyeon Kim, Seamon Kang, Haeryun Hong, Hyunsik Kang, Ju-Hyoung Kim, Sang-Koo Woo
    Nutrients.2022; 14(3): 665.     CrossRef
  • Association of Depression With Cardiovascular Diseases
    Zain I Warriach, Sruti Patel, Fatima Khan, Gerardo F Ferrer
    Cureus.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Research on the Influence of New Media Construction on Health Examination
    姗姗 郭
    Nursing Science.2019; 08(06): 436.     CrossRef
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Research Article
Relationship between simultaneous exposure to ergonomic risk factors and work-related lower back pain: a cross-sectional study based on the fourth Korean working conditions survey
Jae-Yeop Kim, Ji-Su Shin, Myeong-Seob Lim, Hyeon-Gyeong Choi, Sung-Kyeong Kim, Hee-Tae Kang, Sang-Baek Koh, Sung-Soo Oh
Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:58.   Published online September 5, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0269-1
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

It is well known that ergonomic risk factors and back pain are related. However, few studies have examined the relationship between simultaneous exposure to these risk factors and back pain in a Korean population. We aimed to investigate the relationship between simultaneous exposure to ergonomic risk factors and work-related lower back pain (LBP) based on the fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS).

Method

The fourth KWCS (2014) was used for this study. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used to assess relationship between 5 ergonomic risk factors and work-related LBP. We also analyzed the relationship between simultaneous exposure to 2 risk factors and work-related LBP.

Results

All 5 ergonomic risk factors (fatigue-inducing and painful posture; lifting or moving people; dragging, pushing, or moving heavy objects; standing posture; and repetitive hand or arm movements) were significantly correlated with work-related LBP in the severe exposure group (adjusted odd ratios [aOR] 5.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.46–5.83; aOR 1.98, 95% CI 1.62–2.42; aOR 2.09, 95% CI 1.82–2.40; aOR 1.79, 95% CI 1.60–2.01; aOR 2.04, 95% CI 1.82–2.30, respectively). When exposed to 2 risk factors simultaneously, the relationship between exposure and work-related LBP was not greater than exposure to only 1 risk factor in our study (usually exposed to ‘fatigue-inducing or painful posture’ aOR 2.17, 95% CI 2.02–2.34; high exposure to both ‘fatigue-inducing or painful posture’ and ‘dragging, pushing, or moving heavy objects’ aOR 2.00, 95% CI 1.82–2.20).

Conclusions

There was a strong relationship between severe exposure to each ergonomic risk factor and work-related LBP. However, when exposed to 2 ergonomic risk factors simultaneously, the relationship between exposure and work-related LBP was not stronger than when exposed to only 1 risk factor in our study.


Citations

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  • Association between commuting time and work-related low back pain with respect to sports and leisure activities in Korean workers
    Jaehyuk JUNG, Jae Bum PARK, Kyung-Jong LEE, Youngwook SEO, Inchul JEONG
    Industrial Health.2024; 62(2): 133.     CrossRef
  • Low Back Pain in Resident Doctors with Standardized Training in China: A Cross-Sectional Study
    Han-Wen Zhang, Hong-Ping Tan, Qiu-Xia Feng
    Risk Management and Healthcare Policy.2023; Volume 16: 2459.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and Associated Factors of Low Back Pain Among Healthcare Professionals at University of Gondar Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: Cross-Sectional Study
    Nini Asfaw Negash, Azmeraw Tadele, Abebaw Jember Ferede
    Journal of Pain Research.2022; Volume 15: 1543.     CrossRef
  • Gender differences in associating musculoskeletal complaints, housework, electronic device usage and physical exercise for administrative workers
    Tânia M. Lima, Denis A. Coelho
    International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics.2022; 28(2): 1189.     CrossRef
  • Predictors of Satisfaction With Work Environment in the Context of a Mismatch in Working Hours: A Nationwide, Large-Scale, Cross-Sectional Study
    Robert Kim
    INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing.2022; 59: 004695802211282.     CrossRef
  • Working from home during the COVID‐19 pandemic, its effects on health, and recommendations: The pandemic and beyond
    Canan Birimoglu Okuyan, Mehmet A. Begen
    Perspectives in Psychiatric Care.2022; 58(1): 173.     CrossRef
  • Lumbopelvic sagittal standing posture associations with anthropometry, physical activity levels and trunk muscle endurance in healthy adults
    George A. Koumantakis, Antonios Malkotsis, Stefanos Pappas, Maria Manetta, Timotheos Anastopoulos, Apollon Kakouris, Eleutherios Kiourtsidakis
    Hong Kong Physiotherapy Journal.2021; 41(02): 127.     CrossRef
  • A pilot study to assess a risk of a high-risk group of low back pain membership in workers who perform the manual material handling tasks
    Sungho Lee, Seongchan Heo, Jong-Young Lee
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association between Occupational Noise and Vibration Exposure and Insomnia among Workers in Korea
    Fatima Nari, Yun Kyung Kim, Soo Hyun Kang, Eun-Cheol Park, Sung-In Jang
    Life.2020; 10(4): 46.     CrossRef
  • Association of Exposure to a Combination of Ergonomic Risk Factors with Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Korean Workers
    Jungsun Park, Yangho Kim
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(24): 9456.     CrossRef
  • 196 View
  • 1 Download
  • 10 Web of Science
  • 10 Crossref
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Research Article
Factors related to heart rate variability among firefighters
Jae-Hong Shin, Jung-Youb Lee, Seon-Hee Yang, Mi-Young Lee, In-Sung Chung
Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:25.   Published online June 13, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0111-6
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with heart rate variability in firefighters working in a metropolitan city in South Korea.

Methods

Self-administered questionnaires including Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) as well as surveys collecting socio-demographic characteristics and work-related factors were given to 962 firefighters. After exclusion for missing data, 645 firefighters were included, and analysis of covaiance adjusted for the general risk factors and job characteristics were used to assess the relationship between heart rate variability and associated factors.

Results

SDNN and RMSSD and were decreased in the area of occupational climate of the group with high job stress (p = 0.027, p = 0.036). HF(ln) was decreased in the area of organizational system and occupational climate of the group with high stress that statistically significant level (p = 0.034, p = 0.043).

Conclusions

Occupational climate and organizational system are associated with reduction of heart rate variability. Preventive medical care plans for cardiovascular disease of firefighters through the analysis and evaluation of job stress factors are needed.


Citations

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  • The Influence of Emergency Call Volume on Occupational Workload and Sleep Quality in Urban Firefighters
    Jacob D. Jelmini, Phillip A. Gribble, Mark G. Abel, Lauren N. Whitehurst, Nicholas R. Heebner
    Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine.2024; 66(7): 580.     CrossRef
  • On-Duty Resting Heart Rate Variability at the Fire Station Is Related to Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Physical Activity Levels in Firefighters
    Philémon Marcel-Millet, Philippe Gendron
    Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine.2024; 66(3): e111.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of the relationship between occupational-specific task performance and measures of physical fitness, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health in firefighters
    Jaron Ras, Elpidoforos S. Soteriades, Denise L. Smith, Andre P. Kengne, Lloyd Leach
    BMC Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The effect of extended shift work on autonomic function in occupational settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Jacob D Jelmini, Jeremy Ross, Lauren N Whitehurst, Nicholas R Heebner
    Journal of Occupational Health.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Heart Rate Variability Assessment of Land Navigation and Load Carriage Activities in Specialist Police Selection
    Colin D. Tomes, Elisa F. D. Canetti, Ben Schram, Robin Orr
    Healthcare.2023; 11(19): 2677.     CrossRef
  • Effects of cardiovascular health, musculoskeletal health and physical fitness on occupational performance of firefighters: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Jaron Ras, Andre Pascal Kengne, Denise Smith, Elpidoforos Soterakis Soteriades, Lloyd Leach
    BMJ Open.2022; 12(7): e061435.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors, Musculoskeletal Health, and Physical Fitness on Occupational Performance in Firefighters—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Jaron Ras, Andre P. Kengne, Denise L. Smith, Elpidoforos S. Soteriades, Rucia V. November, Lloyd Leach
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(19): 11946.     CrossRef
  • Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors, Musculoskeletal Health, Physical Fitness, and Occupational Performance in Firefighters: A Narrative Review
    Jaron Ras, Denise L. Smith, Andre P. Kengne, Elpidoforos E. Soteriades, Lloyd Leach, Ike S. Okosun
    Journal of Environmental and Public Health.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Acute Physiological Response of Live-Fire Simulation Activities Affecting Cardiovascular Health in Live-Fire Instructors
    Gwan-Jin Park, So Yeon Kong, Dong-Min Shin, Dae In Lee, Beom-Seok Ku, Je-Hwan Oh, Sang-Chul Kim
    Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine.2022; 64(1): 46.     CrossRef
  • Psychophysiological responses of firefighters to day and night rescue interventions
    Philémon Marcel-Millet, Alain Groslambert, Philippe Gimenez, Sidney Grosprêtre, Gilles Ravier
    Applied Ergonomics.2021; 95: 103457.     CrossRef
  • Health outcomes of psychosocial stress within firefighters: A systematic review of the research landscape
    Somkene Igboanugo, Philip L Bigelow, John G Mielke
    Journal of Occupational Health.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Field Monitoring the Effects of Overnight Shift Work on Specialist Tactical Police Training with Heart Rate Variability Analysis
    Colin Tomes, Ben Schram, Robin Orr
    Sustainability.2021; 13(14): 7895.     CrossRef
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    Milad Hamidi Nasab, Simone Romano, Dario Gastaldi, Stefano Beretta, Maurizio Vedani
    Additive Manufacturing.2020; 34: 100918.     CrossRef
  • Obesity prevalence in Brazilian firefighters and the association of central obesity with personal, occupational and cardiovascular risk factors: a cross-sectional study
    Fernanda Camargo Damacena, Thatiany Jardim Batista, Lorena Rocha Ayres, Eliana Zandonade, Karla Nívea Sampaio
    BMJ Open.2020; 10(3): e032933.     CrossRef
  • Effects on Firefighters’ Nocturnal Cardiac Autonomic Activity and Sleep Quality of On-Call Nights With and Without Simulated Firefighting Interventions
    Philémon Marcel-Millet, Alain Groslambert, Gilles Ravier
    Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine.2020; 62(11): e644.     CrossRef
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    Colin Tomes, Ben Schram, Robin Orr
    Frontiers in Public Health.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 179 View
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  • 19 Web of Science
  • 16 Crossref
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Research Article
Relationship between Psychosocial Risk Factors and Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders among Public Hospital Nurses in Malaysia
Nur Azma Amin, Rusli Nordin, Quek Kia Fatt, Rahim M Noah, Jennifer Oxley
Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26:23-23.   Published online August 9, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-014-0023-2
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objective

This study examined the relationships between psychosocial work factors and risk of WRMSDs among public hospital nurses in the Klang Valley, Malaysia.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study among 660 public hospital nurses. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on the occurrence of WRMSDs according to body regions, socio-demographic profiles, occupational information and psychosocial risk factors. 468 questionnaires were returned (response rate of 71%), and 376 questionnaires qualified for subsequent analysis. Univariate analyses were applied to test for mean and categorical differences across the WRMSDs; multiple logistic regression was applied to predict WRMSDs based on the Job Strain Model’s psychosocial risk factors.

Results

Over two thirds of the sample of nurses experienced discomfort or pain in at least one site of the musculoskeletal system within the last year. The neck was the most prevalent site (48.94%), followed by the feet (47.20%), the upper back (40.69%) and the lower back (35.28%). More than 50% of the nurses complained of having discomfort in region one (neck, shoulders and upperback) and region four (hips, knees, ankles, and feet). The results also revealed that psychological job demands, job strain and iso-strain ratio demonstrated statistically significant mean differences (p < 0.05) between nurses with and without WRMSDs. According to univariate logistic regression, all psychosocial risk factors illustrated significant association with the occurrence of WRMSDs in various regions of the body (OR: 1.52–2.14). Multiple logistic regression showed all psychosocial risk factors were significantly associated with WRMSDs across body regions (OR: 1.03–1.19) except for region 1 (neck, shoulders and upper back) and region 4 (hips, knees, ankles, and feet). All demographic variables except for years of employment were statistically and significantly associated with WRMSDs (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The findings indicated the high prevalence of WRMSDs in many body regions, and the risks of developing WRMSDs according to the various body regions were associated with important psychosocial risk factors based on the job strain model. These findings have implications for the management of WRMSDs among public hospital nurses in the Klang Valley, Malaysia.


Citations

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    R. Gutiérrez-Alvarez, K. Guerra, M. Gutiérrez
    Heliyon.2024; 10(13): e33724.     CrossRef
  • Magnitude of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and its associated factors among Ethiopian nurses: a facility based cross-sectional study
    Amsalu Nemera, Mergitu Eliyas, Teferra Likassa, Milion Teshome, Bulti Tadesse, Yonas Gurmu Dugasa, Meseret Robi Tura
    BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Development and validation of a tool for the comprehensive risk assessment of musculoskeletal disorders (CRAMUD) among employees of a steel industry
    Saeid Yazdanirad, Gholamhossein Pourtaghi, Mehdi Raei, Mohammad Ghasemi
    Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science.2023; 24(3): 335.     CrossRef
  • Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Disorders in Nursing Personnel and Prevention Strategies
    Panagiotis Mitseas, Symeon Naoum, Theocharis Konstantinidis
    Romanian Journal of Military Medicine.2023; 126(1): 63.     CrossRef
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    Auditya Purwandini Sutarto, Titis Wijayanto, Irma Nur Afiah
    Work.2022; 71(1): 65.     CrossRef
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    Jianzhong Hu, Liyuan Jiang, Yong Cao, Jin Qu, Hongbin Lu
    Spine.2022; 47(9): 656.     CrossRef
  • Influence of coexposure to long working hours and ergonomic risk factors on musculoskeletal symptoms: an interaction analysis
    Jeong woo Park, Mo-Yeol Kang, Jung Il Kim, JongHyun Hwang, Seong-Soo Choi, Seong-Sik Cho
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    Rujnan Tuna, Feride Eskin Bacaksiz, Birsen Kahraman
    Pain Management Nursing.2022; 23(1): 62.     CrossRef
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    SubhashKumar SAINI, Vandna PANDEY, Ashok KUMAR, Abhay ELHENCE
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    María Dolores García-Pérez, Adriana Rivera-Sequeiros, Tomás María Sánchez-Elías, Marta Lima-Serrano
    Enfermería Clínica.2021; 31(6): 390.     CrossRef
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    Asma Zare, Alireza Choobineh, Soheil Hassanipour, Mahdi Malakoutikhah
    International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health.2021; 94(5): 1113.     CrossRef
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    María Dolores García-Pérez, Adriana Rivera-Sequeiros, Tomás María Sánchez-Elías, Marta Lima-Serrano
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Research Article
Factors Related to Sleep Disorders among Male Firefighters
Dong-Kyun Lim, Ki-Ook Baek, In-Sung Chung, Mi-Young Lee
Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26:11-11.   Published online May 22, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-4374-26-11
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with sleep disorders in male firefighters working in a metropolitan city in South Korea.

Methods

Self-administered questionnaires including the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, Korean Occupational Stress Scale-Short Form, Psychosocial Well-Being Index-Short Form, Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index, and Beck-Depression Inventory-2 as well as surveys collecting socio-demographic characteristics and work-related factors were given to 730 male firefighters. After exclusion for missing data, 657 male firefighters were included, and logistic regression analysis adjusted for the work-related factors, psychosocial factors, and general risk factors were used to assess the relationship between sleep disorders and associated factors.

Results

The prevalence of sleep disorders was 48.7%. Shift work (adjusted OR 1.58, 95% CI = 1.02-2.45), musculoskeletal symptoms (adjusted OR 2.89, 95% CI = 2.02-4.14), and depression (adjusted OR 7.04 95% CI = 4.03-12.30) were associated with sleep disorders.

Conclusions

Musculoskeletal symptoms, shift work, and depression are associated with sleep disorders. Integrated health management is needed to promote good sleep quality among firefighters.


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Research Article
Association between Workplace Risk Factor Exposure and Sleep Disturbance: Analysis of the 2nd Korean Working Conditions Survey
Yong-Seok Heo, Sei-Jin Chang, Shin-Goo Park, Jong-Han Leem, Sung-Hwan Jeon, Bum-Joon Lee, Kyung-Yong Rhee, Hwan-Cheol Kim
Ann Occup Environ Med 2013;25:41-41.   Published online December 27, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-4374-25-41
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

Sleep is essential for human beings to live and work properly. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between occupational exposures to workplace risk factors and sleep disturbance in Korean workers.

Methods

The data were drawn from the second Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS); a total of 7,112 paid workers were analyzed. The independent variables were occupational exposures such as physical, chemical, biological, and psychosocial risk factor in the workplace, and psychosocial risk factor was divided into five categories (job demand, job control, social support, job insecurity, lack of reward). We estimated the relationship between various occupational exposures and sleep disturbance using multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results

The results showed that people who exposed to physical, chemical, biological, and psychosocial (high job demand, inadequate social support, lack of reward) risk factors were more likely to increase the risk of sleep disturbance. Furthermore, after adjusting for general and occupational characteristics, we found significant positive associations between exposures to physical (odds ratios [OR] 1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-2.07) and psychosocial (high job demand (OR 2.93, 95% CI 2.16-3.98), inadequate social support (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.14-2.15), lack of reward (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.08-1.96)) risk factors and sleep disturbance.

Conclusion

These results suggest that occupational exposures to physical and psychosocial workplace risk factors are significantly related to sleep disturbance.


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Research Article
The Relationship between Waist Circumference and Work-related Injury in Reference to the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Sung-Kyung Kim, Ji-Min Son, Jae-Young So, Hyocher Kim, Kyungsuk Lee, Sung-Soo Oh, Sang Baek Ko
Ann Occup Environ Med 2013;25:29-29.   Published online November 1, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-4374-25-29
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objective

This study aims to investigate the relationship between waist circumference and work-related injury in reference to the fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Methods

By analyzing data from the fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted from 2007 to 2009, we estimated the rate of injury experience according to socioeconomic status, including occupational property, of 8,261 subjects. We performed logistic regression analysis with work-related injury experience rate as dependent variable and waist circumference as an independent variable, Odds ratios (OR) were calculated, which reflect the likelihood of work-related injury experience rate, and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) while controlling for relevant covariates with stratifying by sex, age, nature of injury, site of injury and occupational group.

Results

Among 797 persons who had injury experience over the past 1 year, 293 persons (36.8%) had work-related injury experience. After adjusting the confounding variables, the work-related injury was related to abnormal waist circumference (OR = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.02 ~ 1.78). In subgroups, ORs were higher in men (OR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.02 ~ 1.98), professional, manager, and administrator (OR = 2.41; 95% CI: 1.10 ~ 5.28). Higher rate of injuries were noted in back and waist (OR = 2.92; 95% CI: 1.49 ~ 5.73), and transport accident had increased risk (OR = 1.60; 95% CI: 1.13 ~ 2.28).

Conclusions

Work-related injury rate differed depending on the waist circumference. The abdominal obesity was associated with higher risk of work-related injury. This study would be useful in selecting appropriate priorities for work-related injury management in Korea.


Citations

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  • Work–life prevalence of self-reported occupational injuries in mothers of a birth cohort
    Joana Amaro, Ana Catarina Queiroga, João Amaro, Ingrid Sivesind Mehlum, Raquel Lucas
    International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics.2022; 28(2): 798.     CrossRef
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Original Article
The Relationship of Serum Vitamin D Levels and the Framingham Risk Score among Male Workers in the Manufacturing Sector
Seung Hyun Park, Young Wook Kim, Chang Ho Chae, Jun Seok Son, Chan Woo Kim, Jae Youn Kim, Ja Hyun Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2012;24(2):115-123.   Published online June 30, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2012.24.2.115
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
A growing body of evidence states that vitamin D deficiencies may adversely affect cardiovascular disease, however data from Korean workers are lacking. The purpose of this study was to investigate the vitamin D level of the Korean worker and the relationship between vitamin D levels and the Framingham Risk Score.
METHODS
11,448 male workers who visited a university hospital for health screening between March 2010 and August 2011, were enrolled in the study. We measured their of serum vitamin D(25(OH)D) levels and calculated their Framingham Risk Score.
RESULTS
The mean serum vitamin D(25(OH)D) level of the surveyed workers was 13.03+/-6.47 ng/mL. 12.4% of the total workers had adequate vitamin D levels. It was found that the lower the vitamin D level, the higher the risk of cardiovascular disease. The Framingham Risk Score and vitamin D levels were found to be significantly related (OR=1.39, 95% CI 1.14~1.68) through a multivariate logistic regression analysis.
CONCLUSIONS
87.6% of workers possessed inappropriate vitamin D levels. Management for this high risk group in regards to cardiovascular disease should be included in the evaluation and vitamin D levels should be corrected.

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  • Association of among alcohol consumption and blood vitamin D and lead concentrations: Based on 2010-2012 Korea national health and nutrition examination survey
    Ho-Ki An, Jae-Yong Park, Hee-Jung Yoon
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(1): 498.     CrossRef
  • Vitamin D status and associated occupational factors in Korean wage workers: data from the 5th Korea national health and nutrition examination survey (KNHANES 2010–2012)
    Harin Jeong, Sujin Hong, Yunjeong Heo, Hosun Chun, Daeseong Kim, Jongtae Park, Mo-yeol Kang
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2014;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Misung Kim, Woori Na, Cheongmin Sohn
    Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition.2013; : 167.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Work-related Low Back Pain Among Operators and Drivers of Transportation Vehicle
Kyong Sok Shin, Yun Kyung Chung, Hye Eun Lee
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2012;24(1):11-19.   Published online March 31, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2012.24.1.11
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study is conducted to investigate the prevalence of work-related back pain among Driving and Transport Related Occupations and to identify the risk of mechanical factors and psychosocial factors.
METHODS
Subjects were 779 operators and drivers of transportation vehicles selected from respondents from the 1st Korean Working condition survey. The occupation risk factors, including socioeconomic, ergonomic, psychosocial factors, were investigated. We used the multiple logistic regression analysis to determine the relationship between risk factors and low back pain.
RESULTS
The prevalence of self-reported work-related low back pain was 27.7%. Adjusting for confounding factors, we determined that whole body vibration(OR 1.64 95% CI: 1.09~2.48), tiring posture(OR 5.18, 95% CI: 3.01~8.93), extended work(OR 1.91, 95% CI: 1.20~3.04), night-time work(OR 2.79, 95% CI: 1.86~4.19), evening work(OR 2.82, 95% CI: 1.78~4.46), shift work(OR 2.35, 95% CI: 1.30~4.26), job dissatisfaction (OR 2.65, 95% CI: 1.76~3.99), and experiencing physical violence at work(OR 5.31, 95% CI: 1.25~22.67) had meaningful relationships with low back pain.
CONCLUSIONS
We found that the psychosocial risk factors were the most significant factors among drivers of transportation vehicles in Korea. Therefore, we suggest a health promotion program to relieve Job stress as a solution to prevent and control low back pain among drivers of transportation vehicles in Korea.

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  • The association between long working hours and work-related musculoskeletal symptoms of Korean wage workers: data from the fourth Korean working conditions survey (a cross-sectional study)
    Jae-Gwang Lee, Guang Hwi Kim, Sung Won Jung, Sang Woo Kim, June-Hee Lee, Kyung-Jae Lee
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Gi-Yeol Kim, Jung-Lim Oh, Kyoung-Ok Hwang
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(1): 536.     CrossRef
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    Taek-Sang Cho, Woo-Jin Jeon, Jin-Gu Lee, Jong-Min Seok, Jae-Hwan Cho
    Journal of Physical Therapy Science.2014; 26(6): 925.     CrossRef
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    Seo-Yeon Choi, Il-Gyu Park, Dong-Ho Rie
    Journal of the Korea Safety Management and Science.2013; 15(4): 89.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Estimated Occupational Injury Rate and work Related Factors Based on Data From the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Dal Young Jung, Hwan Cheol Kim, Jong Han Leem, Shin Goo Park, Dong Hoon Lee, Seung Jun Lee, Gee Woong Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(2):149-163.   Published online June 30, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.2.149
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study used representative national survey data of Korean workers to estimate the occupational injury rate and to identify factors associated with occupational injuries.
METHODS
We analyzed data from the fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted from 2007 to 2009 using the Complex Samples Frequencies procedure of the SPSS to estimate the occupational injury rate. Complex Samples Logistic Regression was performed to calculate a nationally representative odds ratios that reflects the likelihood of specific individual attributes and job characteristics being associated with occupational injuries. We did this while controlling for relevant covariates.
RESULTS
It was estimated that 3.5% of Korean workers have suffered at least one occupational injury and 1.9% of full-time employed workers have suffered occupational injuries which required more than 4 days of absence during the year. After adjustment for confounding variables, the experience of occupational injuries was related to several job characteristics, including exposure to hazards such as: air pollutants (OR=1.40; 95%CI: 1.05~1.85), noise (OR=1.31; 95%CI: 1.01~1.70), biological hazards (OR=1.60; 95%CI: 1.13~2.28), a difficult physical environment (OR=1.79; 95%CI: 1.33~2.41), and difficult ergonomic work (e.g. work involving awkward posture or heavy lifting) (OR=1.49; 95%CI: 1.11~2.00).
CONCLUSIONS
Using national survey data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to estimate the occupational injury rate and to identify predictors of work-related injuries has several advantages. Futhermore, these results suggest that a hazardous work environment is associated with occupational injury.

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    Young-Jun Kwon, Soo-Jin Lee
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2014; 29(Suppl): S24.     CrossRef
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    Sung-Kyung Kim, Hyocher Kim, Kyungsuk Lee, Hee-Tae Kang, Sung-Soo Oh, Sang Baek Ko
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Original Article
The Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Symptoms and the Ergonomic Risk Factors among Oriental Melon-growing Farmers
Kyu Jung Bae, Kyoung Sook Lee, Yong Ku Kong, Gyung Jae Oh, Soo Jin Lee
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(1):1-8.   Published online March 31, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.1.1
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in oriental melon-growing farmers and to evaluate the ergonomic risk factors of melon cultivation.
METHODS
The study included 217 subjects growing oriental melons mainly in 3 villages. Subjects were interviewed by means of a structured questionnaire. Instruments used the general features and symptom table of NIOSH to evaluate tasks using ergonomic tools (REBA, OWAS).
RESULTS
A total of 202 final respondents answered. The prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms based on the NIOSH standard criteria was 162 (75.2%). The prevalence per body part for lower back, knee and shoulder were 102 (50.5%), 86 (42.6%) and 71 (35.1%), respectively. The prevalence of pain complaints of the musculoskeletal symptom was 91 (45.0%). The prevalence of complaints per body part of lower back, knee and shoulder were 54 (26.7%), 41 (20.3%) and 37 (18.3%), respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed men were at higher risk compared to women (OR=2.409, 95% CI=1.071~5.389), and ore than 30 years of work having a higher risk compared to less than 30 years of work (OR=2.445, 95% CI=1.150~5.197). High risk tasks were moving around boxes and nursery plants for planting, transplanting nursery plants, and picking melons.
CONCLUSIONS
Musculoskeletal symptoms were very highly prevalent in oriental melon-growing farmers, showing up in 75.2% of cases. They were exposed to ergonomic high risk factors such as squatting. These risk factors must be improved in some way.

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  • Effects of Growth and Quantity according to Form of High Bed in Cultivation of Korean Melon
    Do Yeon Won, Ji Hye Choi, Chang Hyeon Baek, Na Yun Park, Min Gu Kang, Young Jin Seo
    Journal of Bio-Environment Control.2023; 32(4): 513.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms, presumptive diagnosis, medical care use, and sick leave among female school meal service workers
    Young Hoon Moon, Young Joon Yang, Sang Yoon Do, Jae Yoon Kim, Chul Gab Lee, Hong Jae Chae, Soo Hyeon Kim, Han Soo Song
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Ran-i Eom, Yejin Lee
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  • Workers’ experiences with compensated sick leave due to musculoskeletal disorder: a qualitative study
    Min Choi, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, Jinwoo Lee, Hye-Eun Lee, Junsu Byun, Jong Uk Won
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    Yu Shin Ha, Tae Wook Kim
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    Soo-Jin Lee, Hwan-Jin Park
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Original Article
Risk Factors of Musculoskeletal Injuries among the Marine Corps Enlisted Trainees
Seong Woo Choi, Jong Seo Park, Sun Ok Jung
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2010;22(2):146-153.   Published online June 30, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2010.22.2.146
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVE: The Korean Marine Corps enlistees endure tremendous physical and mental stress during basic military training, resulting in an increased risk of musculoskeletal injuries. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and type of the musculoskeletal injury problems and the risk factors associated with injuries among the Marine Corps recruits and to suggest preventive measures.
METHODS
The study subjects were the Marine Corps recruits (n=8,231) who were enlisted from July, 2008 to March, 2009 for basic military training. We used a prospective cohort design and collected basic demographic information and subject musculoskeletal injury risk factors through a questionnaire on the first day basic training. The subjects were followed for the subsequent 6-week military training period.
RESULTS
The cumulative incidence of musculoskeletal injuries was 13.4% during the 6-week training period, and more than half of the injuries involved the lower limbs at or below the level of the knee. Based on multivariate logistic regression analysis, the following factors were related to an elevated risk for injuries: age, height, educational level, subjective health perception, injury history during the past year, and stress scale after entrance.
CONCLUSION
Based on our study results, the application of injury prevention measures such as stress management program and gradual fitness increasing program to the Marine Corps recruit training would contribute to the reduction of musculoskeletal injuries.

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    JinHak Do
    Archives of Orthopedic and Sports Physical Therapy.2020; 16(2): 73.     CrossRef
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    Jeong Min Yi, Gwang Suk Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2016; 46(4): 523.     CrossRef
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    Hak Young Rhee, Jae Hwan Cho, Jong Min Seok, Taek Sang Cho, Woo Jin Jeon, Jin Gu Lee, Sung Kyu Kim
    Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health.2015; 70(4): 177.     CrossRef
  • Factors Affecting the Musculoskeletal Symptoms of Korean Police Officers
    Taek-Sang Cho, Woo-Jin Jeon, Jin-Gu Lee, Jong-Min Seok, Jae-Hwan Cho
    Journal of Physical Therapy Science.2014; 26(6): 925.     CrossRef
  • Survey of the Musculoskeletal Disorders of Riot Police and Conscripted Policeman in Radiologic Examination
    Jae-Hwan Cho, Maeng-Jin Kang, Jong-Min Seok, Sung-Joon Jeun, Youn-Shik Lim, Jae-Kyo Jeong, Hyeon-Ju Kim, Myeong-Shik Ju, Kyung-Rae Dong, Cheol-Soo Park, Jin Lee, Hae-Kag Lee
    Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology.2011; 5(6): 315.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Effects of Cardiovascular Risk Factors on Hearing Loss
Jong Do Jeong, Hyunjoo Kim, Jae Yun Jung, Sangchul Roh, Ho Jang Kwon, Eun Jung Kim, Moo Yong Rhee
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2009;21(3):225-234.   Published online September 30, 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2009.21.3.225
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of cardiovascular risk factors on hearing loss by vascular damage, such as in atherosclerosis.
METHOD
This study was conducted as a part of a study for the health effects of air-craft noise from 13 July 2005 to 13 January 2006. In this study 810 residents were selected from 13 villages in Pyeongteck City. Participants in this study were stratified by gender. Individuals, who had conductive hearing loss, were excluded form this investigation. Cardiovascular risk factors were divided into medical risk factors (mean arterial pressure (MAP), blood glucose, triglyceride) and behavioral risk factors (smoking, alcohol). The degree of atherosclerosis was determined by aPWV. Pure tone air conduction hearing thresholds were obtained at frequencies of 1000 and 4000 Hz. As for statistic data analysis, multiple linear regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between factors on hearing loss and aortic pulse wave velocity. Structural Equation Modeling was used to analyze the relationship between factors.
RESULTS
According to multiple linear regression models among males, age, aircraft noise, aPWV were associated with hearing loss. In females, age and aircraft noise were associated with hearing loss. Thus cardiovascular risk factors were not directly involved in hearing loss. However, cardiovascular risk factors such as alcohol, MAP in males and MAP, blood glucose in females were statistically significant (p<0.05) on aPWV according to multiple linear regression modeling. According to analysis of structural equation modeling, an indirect relationship was observed between cardiovascular risk factors and hearing loss by atherosclerosis, which was measured by aPWV. In males, medical risk factors were significantly associated with atherosclerosis (beta+/-SE: 0.07+/-0.03, p=0.03). Atherosclerosis was also associated with hearing loss (beta+/-SE: 2.01+/-0.89, p=0.03). In females, medial risk factors was significantly associated with atherosclerosis (beta+/-SE: 0.08+/-0.02, p=0.00), but atherosclerosis was not significantly associated with hearing loss.
CONCLUSION
Although noise exposure is a known major threat to hearing loss, understanding of cardiovascular risk factors associated with hearing loss also take a significant role in preventing hearing loss. Therefore, scrutinization of the etiologic factors for hearing disability may introduce a detailed strategy to abate the prevalence of hearing loss.

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Original Article
A Comparison of KOSHA's Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment and the Predicted 10-year Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Developed by Jee for a Male Workers at a Wallpaper and Floor Covering Manufacturer
Kyungjin Yi, Hyeontaeck Heo, Dongwon Kim, Inah Kim, Sooyoung Kim, Junrae Rho, Jehyeok Mun
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2009;21(2):174-183.   Published online June 30, 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2009.21.2.174
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between KOSHA's cardiovascular disease risk assessment and the predicted 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease developed by Jee. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Data were obtained from a structured questionnaire survey and medical examination of 509 male workers aged 30-59 years employed at a wallpaper and floor covering workplace in May 2008. We calculated KOSHA's cardiovascular disease risk assessment and Jee's predicted 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease. A high risk of cardiovascular disease was defined as the upper 10th percentile of Jee's predicted 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Wilcoxon rank sum test, Kruskal Wallis test and a logistic regression model.
RESULTS
Jee's predicted 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease significantly increased as KOSHA's cardiovascular disease risk increased. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the group with 3 or more cardiovascular disease risk factors according to KOSHA's model was more likely to experience cardiovascular disease within 10 years(OR=34.4, 95% C.I.=4.4-267.2).
CONCLUSIONS
KOSHA's cardiovascular disease risk assessment was fairly well associated with Jee's predicted 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease and was believed to be a practical and convenient method of preventing cardiovascular disease at the workplace.

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  • Comparing Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency and National Health Insurance Service’s cardio-cerebrovascular diseases risk-assessment tools using data from one hospital’s health checkups
    Yunrae Cho, Dong Geon Kim, Byung-Chan Park, Seonhee Yang, Sang Kyu Kim
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Overall and cardiovascular mortality according to 10-year cardiovascular risk of the general health checkup: the Kangbuk Samsung Cohort Study
    Youshik Jeong, Yesung Lee, Eunchan Mun, Eunhye Seo, Daehoon Kim, Jaehong Lee, Jinsook Jeong, Woncheol Lee
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Original Article
Dose-Response Relationships between Work-Related Musculoskeletal Neck Symptom and Physical Risk Factors (2 year follow-up study)
Jingon Sul, Dongmug Kang, Suill Lee, Youngki Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2007;19(2):145-155.   Published online June 30, 2007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2007.19.2.145
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
To estimate the association of work-related musculoskeletal neck symptom and occupational risk factors, and to identify the dose-response relationships between work-related musculoskeletal neck symptom and physical condition.
METHODS
Workers from four metal industry companies were enrolled in the study. General characteristics, psyhcosocial and physical risk factors and work-related musculoskeletal neck symptom were investigated by questionnaire in the baseline study. At the follow-up study 2 years later, the neck symptom was surveyed. Workers who did not complain neck symptom at baseline and complain at follow-up, and workers who did complain neck symptom at baseline and follow-up were defined as case. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of physical risk factors were estimated for these subjects. Additionally, subjects who did not change their work at follow-up were analysed.
RESULTS
Among the cohort of 251, 199 (79.3%) were used in the analysis, of which 71 (35.7%) were classified as cases. The adjusted ORs and the ORs of the subjects who did not change their work were increased with exposure to the following kinds of work: 'repetitive', 'lift', 'push/pull', 'neck/shoulder (overhead/bend)', 'hand/wrist (bend/pinch)', 'trunk (twist/bend)', 'pressure point', and 'incentive work'. Finally, with increasing exposure to 'repetitive', 'lift', 'push/pull', 'awkward postures', 'pressure point', and 'incentive work', the risks of work-related musculoskeletal neck symptom were increased.
CONCLUSIONS
Work-related musculoskeletal neck symptom was increased with increasing exposure time of certain physical risk factors, and a dose-response relationship was observed.

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    Eunkwang Ryu, Byeongjin Ye, Youngil Yi, Jungwon Kim
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2014;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of Postural Load during Liquid Weight Measurement Process Using Ratio of Exposure Time
    Sung-Koon Lee, Peom Park
    Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea.2012; 31(3): 445.     CrossRef
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Original Article
The Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome and its Relation with gamma-GTP in Steel-mill Workers
Je Hyeok Mun, Sang Jun Lee, Jung Duck Park
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2007;19(1):17-25.   Published online March 31, 2007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2007.19.1.17
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to estimate the prevalence and possible risk factors of the metabolic syndrome in steel-mill workers, and to evaluate the relation between gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GTP) and the metabolic syndrome.
METHODS
The study subjects comprised 1,604 male steel-mill workers. The indices of metabolic syndrome, such as BMI, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, blood pressure, fasting glucose, and gamma-GTP were analyzed in each subject. We collected information about demographic characteristics, behavioral patterns, such as alcohol drinking, smoking, and exercise, and family medical history through a self-administered questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done by using the chi-square test, Mantel-Haenszel trend test and logistic regression model.
RESULTS
The crude and age-adjusted prevalences of the metabolic syndrome were 21.3% and 15.5%, respectively, in the steel-mill workers. Age (OR: 1.063, 95% CI: 1.033-1.094), alcohol drinking (OR: 1.657, 95% CI: 1.175-2.337) and smoking (OR: 1.359, 95% CI: 1.017-1.816) were risk factors for the metabolic syndrome. Meanwhile, shift work showed a significant relation with hypertension (OR: 1.329, 95% CI: 1.038-1.700), but not with other metabolic syndrome components. However, tenure, exercise and family medical history were not significant factors for the metabolic syndrome in this study. The risk ratio of the metabolic syndrome (OR: 3.345, 95 % CI: 2.534-4.416) and its components, such as obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension and hyperglycemia, were higher in the high gamma-GTP group (> or =63 IU/ liter) than in the controls (<63 IU/liter).
CONCLUSIONS
These results confirm the need for health education to control the metabolic syndrome by improving behavioral patterns, such as alcohol drinking and smoking, in factory workers. In addition, it is suggested that gamma-GTP might be a useful candidate in screening for the metabolic syndrome.

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    Dae-Sik Ko, Bu-Yeon Park, Gyeong-Hyu Seok
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    Sung Suk Chung, Kyoung Hwa Joung
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2012; 24(5): 441.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Occupational Stress on Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases and Metabolic Syndrome
Jung Jin Cho, Ji Yong Kim, Jung Soo Byun
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2006;18(3):209-220.   Published online September 30, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2006.18.3.209
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between occupational stress and cardiovascular risk factors including metabolic syndrome in a working population.
METHODS
A cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted among Koreans working in several industries. They were questioned about: demographic factors, marital status, education, personal history, alcohol intake, smoking, and physical activity , while their occupational stress was assessed using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS). The subjects were measured for height, weight, blood pressure, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and LDLcholesterol. Regression analyses to determine the relationships between occupational stressors using KOSS and cardiovascular risk factors were performed using multivariate models with adjustment for potential confounders.
RESULTS
A total of 2,097 workers (1,770 men and 327 women) were included. Multiple logistic regression analysis (socio-demographics and potential confounders) demonstrated a positive association between high interpersonal conflicts and hypertension, a negative association between high job insecurity and diabetes and no association between any KOSS subscale and metabolic syndrome and obesity. Multiple linear regression, adjusted for socio-demographics and potential confounders demonstrated a negative association between low HDL-cholesterol and poor physical environments, high job demand and poor job insecurity and no association between lipid profiles and other KOSS sub-scales.
CONCLUSIONS
A few KOSS sub-scales such as interpersonal conflicts showed a positive association with hypertension in Korean workers. Neverthelsss, some measures of occupational stress showed a negative association with diabetes and HDL-cholesterol in cross-sectional population-based survey. We therefore decided to conclude this association by longitudinal study.

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Original Article
Farmers'Syndrome and its Risk Factors of Vinylhouse and Non-vinylhouse Farmers in Gyeongbuk Province Rural Area
Jung Jeung Lee, Jin Hoon Yang, In Sob Hwang
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2006;18(2):146-155.   Published online June 30, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2006.18.2.146
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to estimate the risk factors affecting the farmers'syndrome of vinylhouse and non-vinylhouse farmers in the Gyeongbuk Province rural area.
METHODS
As a cross-sectional study, a questionnaire survey was conducted from 2003 to 2005. Data was collected from 243 vinylhouse farmers and 236 non-vinylhouse farmers. The data from 394 subjects were used for the final analysis. We surveyed their lifestyle, 8 components of farmers'syndrome and characteristics of farm work.
RESULTS
For the vinylhouse and non-vinylhouse workers, 32.0% and 34.0% were positive for farmers syndrome, while 48.3% and 43.5% were suspicious, respectively. The differences between the two groups were not significant. For both groups, the most frequent symptom of farmers'syndrome was lumbago, followed by paresthesia of hand or foot, and shoulder stiffness. Among the vinylhouse workers, the rates of wearing protective equipment and washing the skin after spraying pesticide were significantly lower than among the non-vinylhouse workers. From multiple logistic regression analysis, the risk factors significantly associated with farmers'syndrome were sex {odds ratio (OR)=3.12, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.42-6.89} and hours of farming per day (OR=2.63, 95%CI=1.22-5.65) among vinylhouse workers. However, sex (OR=4.24, 95%CI=1.87-9.65) was the only the risk factor significantly associated with farmers'syndrome among the non-vinylhouse workers.
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, educational programs and attention to the female farmers were needed in particular. In addition, it was recommended that the farmers wear protective equipment continuously from opening the coverlets of the pesticide container to the completion of pesticide spraying, and wash the skin immediately after contact with pesticides.

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Original Article
The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Osteopenia and Osteoporosis in 40-59 year-old male workers
Yun Kyun Chang, Hyun Ju Seo, Young Woo Jin, Mi Seon Joeng, Suk Hee Sung, Doo Yong Park, Chong Soon Kim, Soo Geun Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2006;18(2):130-137.   Published online June 30, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2006.18.2.130
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of osteopenia and osteoporosis in 40-59 year-old male workers working at nuclear power plants.
METHODS
Bone density, body composition, and anthropometry data were analyzed for 2,073 subjects were carried out from March 2004 to July, 2004. Educational level, smoking status, drinking status and frequency of physical activity were investigated by self-reported questionnaires through internet to identify lifestyles related to bone mass density. Bone mass density was measured by EXE-3000 of Osteosys Co. and body fat percentage, and waist-to-hip ratio by Inbody 3.0 of Biospace Co.
RESULTS
The prevalence of ostepeniaosteopenia and osteoporosis was 22.8% and 3.0%, respectively. According to multinominal multinomial logistic regression analysis, age, smoking status (current smoker and former smoker), low body mass index (< 25 kg/m2), and frequency of physical activity were significantly associated with osteopenia and osteoporosis.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis wasseemed high for the, when it was inferred from subjects' age compared to the results of previous studies. The This study results suggeststhat it is necessary for 40-59 year-old male workers to stop smoking, and exercise regularly in order to prevent osteopenia and osteoporosis.

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Original Article
Effectiveness of Tailored Health Promotion Program for Reducing Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Subway Workers
Seon Young Lee, Kang Sook Lee, Jung Wan Koo, Hyun Woo Yim, Hyoung Ryoul Kim, Chung Yill Park, Sook Kyung Choi
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2006;18(1):15-24.   Published online March 31, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2006.18.1.15
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study explores the effects of a tailored health promotion program, in order to reduce cardiovascular risk, in areas which include hypertension, dyslipidemia, abnormal blood glucose and body mass index.
METHODS
In this paper, health risk appraisal relating to lifestyle was surveyed and physical fitness, blood pressure and blood lipid profile and glucose were checked. Then, a 12 week tailored health promotion program with 40 subway workers of Seoul was conducted. The Tailored health promotion program included a smoking cessation program, drinking restriction, diet, exercise prescription and a stress management program.
RESULTS
The number of subjects engaging in regular exercise increased from 42.5% to 100%, and the number of smokers reduced from 72.5% to 60%, and 12.5% of contemplate stage was shift to action stage. The mean level of drinking per day, significantly decreased from 34.9 g to 24.2. The body mass index, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and Fasting blood glucose significantly decreased after the intervention program. In addition the tailored health promotion program resulted in a significant reduction in two factors for the cardiovascular high risk group, hypertension above 140 mmHg in systolic blood pressure and dyslipidemia above 200 mg/dl in triglyceride.
CONCLUSION
In this paper, it is demonstrated that the tailored health promotion program,, including the smoking cessation program, drinking restriction, diet, exercise prescription and stress management program, resulted in effective reduction in cardiovascular risk factor. Therefore associated workplace tailored health promotion programs relating to specific individual risk factor, should be developed and implemented.

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Original Article
Risk factors for musculoskeletal symptoms in aviation maintenance technicians
Duck Hee Chae, Jeong Hyun Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;17(3):173-185.   Published online September 30, 2005
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2005.17.3.173
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
To identify risk factors for musculoskeletal symptoms in aviation maintenance technicians in order to provide basic information for intervention programs to prevent and manage musculoskeletal symptoms for these technicians.
METHODS
Between October 18 and 25, 2004, 286 aviation maintenance technicians answered a self-administered questionnaire, which included general characteristics, Karasek's Job Content Questionnaire for psychosocial characteristics, and work-related characteristics. The musculoskeletal symptoms were evaluated using the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) surveillance criteria. Statistical analysis included means and standard deviation, x2-test, t-test, and logistic regression.
RESULTS
A quarter (25.8%) of the workers reported musculoskeletal symptoms in more than one body region. The prevalence of symptoms was 12.9% in the lower back, 10.2% in the shoulders, 9.4% in the legs/foots, 9% in the neck, 5.9% in the hands/wrists/fingers, and 2.7% in the arms/elbows. General characteristics were not found to influence musculoskeletal symptoms, except that workers practicing regular exercise reported fewer lower back symptoms (p=.038). Low social support (p=.001), and low supervisory support (p=.000) were significant factors for increased musculoskeletal symptoms whereas decisions latitude, psychological job demands, and co-worker support were not found to have significant associations, with the exception of low decision latitude which was significantly associated with increased legs/foots symptoms (p=.034). More than two thirds (69.6%) of the workers whose perceived physical load was very high complained of symptoms. This rate was eight times higher than for workers whose perceived load was very low (p=.000). The workers highly exposed to both physical and psychosocial risk factors were more likely to report musculoskeletal symptoms than workers highly exposed to only one of these factors (p=.000). The odds ratios for very high-perceived physical load (OR 13.9) and low supervisory support (OR 2.9) were clearly increased.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study suggest that consideration for perceived physical load and psychosocial characteristics as important determinants is necessary to prevent musculoskeletal symptoms in aviation maintenance technicians. To develop effective intervention programs to prevent musculoskeletal symptoms, a comprehensive and systematic approach should be the basic premise. Such an intervention program should consist of ergonomic, managerial and behavioral interventions to reduce physical load and psychosocial factors.

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Original Article
Selection of a High Risk Group and the Effectiveness of an Exercise Program on Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Small and Medium Sized Enterprises
Bo Kyoung Kim, Chung Yill Park, Hyeon Woo Yim, Jung Wan Koo, Kang Sook Lee
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;17(1):10-25.   Published online March 31, 2005
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2005.17.1.10
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to provide data for the establishment of a practical and the effective exercise program for managing the musculoskeletal symptoms of workers who are employed in small and medium sized enterprises.
METHODS
The risk factors related to musculoskeletal disease management were chosen according to the relevant literatures, and were based on advise from experts on the Delphi method. Questionnaires on selected risk factors (with a 5-point Likert scale) were given to 785 subjects who worked in small and medium sized enterprises. The subjects were then classified in the risk group when they had the symptoms and recorded at least 3 points. From those subjects in the risk group, those who had both work-related factors and general characteristics factors (with an average of at least 3 points) were further classified as the high risk group. We performed a 12-week musculoskeletal exercise program for the low and high risk groups to analyze their changes in symptoms and complaints in order to estimate the effectiveness of the exercise program.
RESULTS
Out of 785 subjects, 454(57.8%) were in the risk group of musculoskeletal diseases and 121(15.4%) were in the high risk group. According to multiple logistic regression analysis of the factors for the musculoskeletal symptoms in the low risk group, the significant risk factors were sex and personal disease related with musculoskeletal disease, while the risk factors in the high risk group were age, sex, and personal disease related with musculoskeletal disease. After the 12-week exercise program was performed by the low risk group, the number of musculoskeletal symptom complaints in the control group did not significantly changed, whereas for the intervention group, the number of musculoskeletal symptom complaints significantly declined for all parts of the body. After the 12-week exercise program performed by the high risk group, the number of musculoskeletal symptom complaints in the control group was significantly enhanced for the arm and elbow parts. In the intervention group, the complaint rate for musculoskeletal symptoms significantly declined only for the low back.
CONCLUSION
The musculoskeletal symptoms were significantly improved by the exercise program in the low risk group, but not in the high risk group. It is suggested that control measures on administrative and/or work related factors, in addition to the exercise program should be considered simultaneously for the control of musculoskeletal symptoms in groups at high risk of musculoskeletal disease.

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Original Article
Risk Factors of Work-related Musculoskeletal Symptoms Among Motor Engine Assembly Plant Workers
Young Ki Kim, Dong Mug Kang, Sang Baek Koh, Byung Chul Son, Jung Won Kim, Dae Whan Kim, Gun Hyung Kim, Seong Ho Han
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004;16(4):488-498.   Published online December 31, 2004
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2004.16.4.488
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
To determine the synthetic risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders, and to examine effect on musculoskeletal symptoms of physical work intensity and change of work intensity.
METHODS
Self-administered questionnaraire survey was conducted on 588 motor engine assembly workers, in Chanwon, Kyungnam provance, Korea, from April 1 to May 31, 2003. The contents of the questionnaire investigation included general characteristic items, workrelated characteristic items, presence of musculoskeletal symptoms, ergonomic risk factors items, job stress items, current physical work intensity and changes of work intensity items. The results underwent statistical analysis with frequency test, t-test, and logistic regression. The statistical significance level was 0.05, and SAS(v8.1) was used.
RESULTS
Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between risk factors and musculoskeletal symptoms. From the results, significant variables were high Quick Exposure Check (QEC) score, high job demand control, physical work intensity, change of work intensity.
CONCLUSION
Among the known risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders, the outbreak of musculoskeletal symptoms was confirmed to be correlated with age, tenure, ergonomic risk factors, and job stress. Physical work intensity and the changes of work intensity were also related to musculoskeletal symptoms.

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    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Dongmug Kang, Youngki Kim, Young-Il Lee, Sangbaek Koh, Inah Kim, Hoonkoo Lee
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Original Article
Risk Factors of Work-related Musculoskeletal Symptoms Among Ship-yard Workers
Jong Eun Kim, Dong Mug Kang, Yong Chul Shin, Mi A Son, Jung Won Kim, Jin Hong Ahn, Young Ki Kim, Deog Hwan Moon
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2003;15(4):401-410.   Published online December 31, 2003
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2003.15.4.401
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTS: This study was conducted to prepare the primitive data of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among ship-yard workers in order to set up management and prevention strategies by investigating the risk factors for WMSD symptoms.
METHODS
We carried out a self-administered questionnaire survey of 7,237 blue-collar workers during October 2001, in a ship-yard of Kyungsangnam Province. We collected 2,223 questionnaires and analysed 1,985. The questionnaires included demographic data, quick exposure check (QEC) for ergonomic risk factors, and Karasek's job content questionnaires (JCQ) for job stress. WMSDs were evaluated by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) surveillance criteria.
RESULTS
Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between risk factors and musculoskeletal symptoms. From the results, significant variables were age, maximum weight of manual handling material, frequency of the back movement during manual handling tasks, deviation or bending of the wrists/hands position, excessively bent or twisted head/neck, job dissatisfaction, and high job demand.
CONCLUSIONS
In order to reduce musculoskeletal disorders of ship-yard workers, it is recommended to reduce the frequency of back movement during manual handling tasks, wrists/hand deviation or bending, and neck bending or twisting. In addition, devoted effort is needed to increase job satisfaction and to reduce job demand.

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    Kyung Ko, Hee-Soo Kim, Ji-Hea Woo
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Original Article
Risk Factors Related to Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Shipyard Workers
Byung Chan Park, Hae Kwan Cheong, Soo keun Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2003;15(4):373-387.   Published online December 31, 2003
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2003.15.4.373
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study is to determine the risk factors related to musculoskeletal disorders in shipyard workers.
METHODS
A questionnaire survey was performed on 2,140 shipyard workers in a shipyard in Ulsan city. The questionnaire consisted of questions on the general characteristics, the health behavior, work type and duration, physical burden, job control, type of instruments used, posture, and musculoskeletal symptoms. Definition of musculoskeletal disorders was based on either NIOSH criteria and Kim's criteria.
RESULTS
Positive rate of musculoskeletal disorders in any one part of the body was 77.2% by NIOSH criteria and 60.7% by Kim's criteria. Positive rate of the symptoms increased in workers with longer work hours, with a severe physical burden, and without any control over their job. Work with a more frequent unstable posture and for longer hours was also associated with increased musculoskeletal symptoms. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that unstable posture and physical burden is closely related to the positive rate of musculoskeletal symptoms after controlling for age, smoking, drinking, exercise, duration of work, and job control; showing a good dose-response relationship.
CONCLUSION
Inadequate posture and physical burden were the most significant factors affecting musculoskeletal disorders in shipyard workers in this study. Therefore, it will be necessary to make efforts to reduce the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders related to a specific job, instrument, physical burden, and posture. Workers should be educated on the types and prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders, how to improve the ergonomic occupational environment and to set up preventive measures against the risk factors during work.

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    Seung-Hyun Lee, Young-Chae Cho
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(10): 6627.     CrossRef
  • Risk factors of work-related upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders in male cameramen
    Jung ho Kim, Byung seong Suh, Soo Geun Kim, Won sool Kim, You il Shon, Hee seung Son
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2015;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Korean Police Personnel
    Hak Young Rhee, Jae Hwan Cho, Jong Min Seok, Taek Sang Cho, Woo Jin Jeon, Jin Gu Lee, Sung Kyu Kim
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    Taek-Sang Cho, Woo-Jin Jeon, Jin-Gu Lee, Jong-Min Seok, Jae-Hwan Cho
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  • Ergonomic Research Trends in the Shipbuilding Industry: Present and the Future
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  • Characteristics of Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Korea and Their Work-relatedness Evaluation
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    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S77.     CrossRef
  • Risk Factors of Work-related Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Disorders in Male Shipyard Workers: Structural Equation Model Analysis
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Original Article
Shiftwork Duration and Metabolic Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease
Mi na Ha, Sang Chul Roh, Jung sun Park
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2003;15(2):132-139.   Published online June 30, 2003
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2003.15.2.132
AbstractAbstract PDF
AIMS: To explore the relationship between shiftwork duration and metabolic risk factors on cardiovascular disease in shiftworkers.
METHODS
The study subjects comprised of 226 nurses, from a hospital, and 130 male workers, from a diaper and feminine hygienic material manufacturing firm. The mean ages of the male workers and nurses were 29 and 28.5 years, respectively. The fasting blood sugar, serum cholesterol, blood pressure, height and weight, waist and hip circumferences (only in nurses), and number of step for a shift as indices of physical activity were measured. Using the Korean version of Karasek's job contents questionnaire, the job stress was assessed. Information about the number of years worked, duration of shiftwork, and past medical and behavioral histories, including smoking, were obtained by self-administrated questionnaires. Linear regression analyses were performed, to show the relationships between shiftwork duration and metabolic risk factors, using simple and multivariate models, adjusted for age, smoking, job strain and physical activity. The following criteria were defined: hypertension as a SBP>or160 or a DBP>or=90 mmHg at least once, hypercholesterolemia, as a serum total cholesterol >or=240 mg/dl, obesity as BMI (Body Mass Index) >or=25kg/m2 and central obesity as a WHR (Waist to Hip Ratio) >or=0.85; and the logistic regression analyses, according to years of shiftwork, were performed using simple and adjusted models.
RESULTS
The cholesterol and fasting blood sugar showed increasing trends, but without statistical significances, according to the increase in shiftwork duration of the male workers, although, the increases in the blood pressure and BMI were statistically significant. In the nurses, only the WHR showed a significant increase in relation to the shiftwork duration. In the logistic regression analyses, hypercholesterolemia and obesity showed significant increasing risks according to the number of years of shiftwork (OR=3.32 95%CI 1.27-8.72 and OR=3.21 95%CI 1.24-8.32 respectively) in the male workers, but hypertension showed no significance. In the nurses, only an increased central obesity was significant as a risk factor (OR=1.30 95%CI 1.05-1.62).
CONCLUSIONS
These results provide evidence of the associations between shiftwork and metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease, although healthy shiftworker effects might exist in our cross sectional study design.

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Original Article
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Tinea Pedis in Workers of Shipbuilding Industry
Ho Seok Suh, Cheol In Yoo, Choong Ryeol Lee, Ji Ho Lee, Yangho Kim, Won Sin Lee, Jee Ho Choi, Kyung Jeh Sung, Jai Kyoung Koh, Kee Chan Moon
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2002;14(4):408-417.   Published online December 31, 2002
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2002.14.4.408
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
Recently,tinea pedis has been reported to be a type of occupational dermatoses because of its high prevalence in specific working conditions.Although there is no doubt that the environment surrounding work places, the usual habits of workers etc are intimately related to this skin conditions, there is some controversy as to whether or not this condition is a real occupational illness and what is the exact cause of the high prevalence of this illness is. In this study, the prevalence of tinea pedis in workers from the shipbuilding industry was investigated andthe risk factors of this disease were evaluated. This study also aimed to verify whether or not tinea pedis is one of the occupational diseases.
METHODS
The results of interviews, questionnaires and clinical findings from 1,419 workers who visited the occupational health center for an annual routine check for their health state were analyzed.
RESULTS
Among the 1,419 workers, 778 workers (54.8%)had tinea pedis. By simple logistic regression analysis,the prevalence of tinea pedis was found to be affected by some variables, including the job category, the types of work,the kinds of footwear, whether or not they were using communal baths in the work places, and a family history of tinea pedis.In contrast, by multiple logistic regression analysis,only utilization of the communal baths in the work places and a family history of tinea pedis turned out to be statistically significant risk factors.
CONCLUSIONS
In this study, the major factors contributing to the high prevalence of tinea pedis are the use of communal baths in the workplace and a positive family history. However, the wearing of safety shoes was not statistically significant. Therefore, tinea pedis could not be confirmed to be an occupational disease. On the basis of these results, a solution to the environmental hygiene of communal baths and the personal hygiene of individuals needs to be improved in order to prevent tinea pedis.

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Original Article
Carpal Tunnel Configuration Measured by Ultrasonography as a Risk Factor of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in Motor Part Manufacturing Workers
Duck Soo Kim, Hae Kwan Cheong, Hyun Sul Lim, Yong Wook Kwon, Jong Min Lee, Dae Hyun Cho, Dae Seob Choi
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2002;14(3):213-226.   Published online September 30, 2002
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2002.14.3.213
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to evaluate individual susceptibility to carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) by ultrasonographic measurement of the carpal tunnel configuration in workers doing repetitive work.
METHODS
The study subjects consisted of 24 male and 11 female workers in a soundproof material manufacturing company in Gyeongju. We conducted a self-reported questionnaire survey, a physical examination and an electrodiagnostic study (EDS) in April 2000. After the examination, jobs were rearranged for workers with CTS. A follow up physical examination, EDS, and measurement of the carpal tunnel by ultrasonography was done six months later.
RESULTS
Of those studied, prevalence of CTS was 63.6/100 persons among women and 29.2/100 persons among men. Mean depth and width of wrist was shorter in those with CTS compareal to the controls (p<0.05). The risk of CTS was higher in workers whose carpal tunnel ratio (displacement/width) was 0.17 or higher (OR 7.13, 95 % confidence interval 1.18-43.1), and in workers whose carpal tunnel area was less than 300 mm2 (OR 8.00, 95 % confidence interval 1.18-68.5). Carpal tunnel depth and depth/width ratio had a positive correlation with motor latency of the median nerve and median-ulnar sensory latency difference (p<0.05), whereas the carpal tunnel width, displacement/depth ratio, and area (width X displacement) had a negative correlation with median nerve latencies after adjusting for gender. Workers who showed an improvement in the clinical stage of CTS after job rearrangement had a significantly lower carpal tunnel displacement/width ratio and displacement/depth ratio. They also had smaller upper carpal tunnel area ( width X displacement) and larger upper carpal tunnel area [(depth-displacement) X width] than the controls (p< 0.05 ).
CONCLUSIONS
Ultrasonographic measurement of the carpal tunnel is a good predictor of susceptibility and prognosis of CTS in workers doing repetivive work.

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  • The Health Effect of Hand Arm Transmitted Vibration
    Jung-Wan Koo
    Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea.2013; 32(4): 303.     CrossRef
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    Yeon-Seop Lee, Hoe-Song Yang, Chan-Joo Jeong, Young-Dae Yoo, Gwang-Yun Jeong, Jin-Seon Moon, Min-Kung Kang, Seong-Woo Hong
    Journal of Physical Therapy Science.2012; 24(12): 1259.     CrossRef
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