Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Original Articles

Burnout, stress, and their correlates among bank employees of South India: a cross-sectional study: Guruprasad Vinod, Srikant Ambatipudi; Ann Occup Environ Med 2024;36:e22. Published online August 28, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2024.36.e22

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Background
The banking sector is one of the job sectors that experience high stress, workload, complex interpersonal relationships, and job burnout as it involves interaction with the public and financial responsibilities, which leads to high burnout and stress. The present study was conducted to assess the prevalence of burnout and stress among bank employees and to find the associated factors.
Methods
This cross-sectional survey was conducted among 282 bank employees of Kollam district, Kerala, India. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire related to the socio-demographic and professional details. We used the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) to screen for burnout levels. Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS 21) to screen for the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress among study participants. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data, and logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with the levels of burnout and stress.
Results
Of 282 study participants, moderate to high levels of burnout were observed in 232 participants (82.2%), and 74 participants (26.2%) had mild to extremely severe levels of stress. Daily average working duration showed an association with higher levels of burnout (adjusted odds ratio [ORAdj]: 2.391; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12–5.10) and stress (ORAdj: 3.37; 95% CI: 1.58–7.16).
Conclusions
A high prevalence of burnout and stress was observed in the present study. The duration of working hours was associated with both burnout and stress. Therefore, regulating the working hours may help adequately manage stress and burnout, thereby improving the mental health of bank employees.

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Telecommuting during the COVID-19: the role of job demand and control on health outcomes: Seung-Woo Ryoo, Jin-Young Min, Seok-Yoon Son, Baek-Yong Choi, Juho Choi, Kyoung-Bok Min; Ann Occup Environ Med 2024;36:e14. Published online June 14, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2024.36.e14

Abstract Abstract in Korean PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Background
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic drastically modified the occupational system wherein telecommuting has risen as the major form of work. Few studies have incorporated Karasek’s job demand-control (JDC) model into explaining the health effects of telecommuting. This study aimed to investigate the health risk in South Korean telecommuters during the pandemic, and its distribution according to the job stress-related factors.
Methods
A nationwide population-based cross-sectional study of South Korean laborers was conducted, utilizing the 6th Korean Working Conditions Survey (2020–2021). Following the previously described concept of telecommuting, 14,478 white-collar employees were eligible study participants. Telecommuting, job demand, job control, and various health indicators were measured by the responses to the survey. Participants were stratified into 4 job profiles classified by the JDC model. We conducted multiple logistic regression analyses between telecommuting and health-related outcomes to estimate the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI).
Results
One hundred forty-six low-strain, 223 active, 69 passive, and 148 high-strain workers were screened as telecommuters. Compared to office workers, telecommuters had a higher proportion in high job control groups. Subgroup analysis demonstrated different relationships between telecommuting and health, where only active telecommuters showed a higher prevalence of depression (OR: 1.980, 95% CI: 1.126–3.481), and high-strain telecommuters were affected in most outcomes including insomnia (OR: 2.555, 95% CI: 1.473–4.433), musculoskeletal pain (OR: 2.786, 95% CI: 1.719–4.517), headache/eye strain (OR: 3.074, 95% CI: 1.992–4.745) and presenteeism (OR: 1.932, 95% CI: 1.193–3.131).
Conclusions
This study revealed significantly increased odds of multiple health outcomes among South Korean telecommuters during the COVID-19 pandemic era. High-strain job holders were prominently susceptible to the negative health impacts of telecommuting. Occupational health management towards telecommuters should approach mitigating high job demand and low job control.; 코로나19 시기 재택근무: 건강 결과에 대한 직무 요구와 직무 재량의 역할
목적
코로나19 팬데믹으로 인해 재택근무는 직무 체계에서 주요한 업무 형태로 떠올랐다. 재택근무가 노동자의 건강에 미치는 영향을 설명하는데 있어 직무 요구-재량 모델을 도입한 연구가 부족하다. 본 연구는 팬데믹 기간 동안 한국 재택근무자들의 건강 위험과 상기 직무 스트레스 관련 요인에 따른 분포를 조사하는 것을 목표로 했다.
방법
본 연구는 제6차 근로환경조사(2020~2021년)를 활용하여 한국 노동자에 대한 전국 인구 기반 횡단면 연구를 실시했다. 이전 연구에서 확립한 재택근무 개념에 따라 14,478명의 화이트 칼라 피고용인 노동자들을 적격집단으로 선정했다. 설문조사 응답 결과를 토대로 재택근무, 직무 요구, 직무 재량 및 다양한 건강 지표를 측정했다. 연구대상자들을 직무 요구-재량 모델에 따라 분류된 네 가지 직무 유형으로 구분하였고, 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석을 시행하여 재택근무 여부에 따른 건강 변수의 오즈비(OR)와 95% 신뢰구간(CI)을 측정하였다.
결과
저-긴장 노동자 146명, 능동적 노동자 223명, 수동적 노동자 69명, 고-긴장 노동자148명이 재택근무자로 분류되었다. 통근근무자와 비교했을 때, 재택근무자들은 직무 재량이 높은 군에서 그 비중이 높았다. 층화분석 결과 재택근무와 건강 사이의 연관성은 군별로 상이하였는데, 오직 능동적 재택근무자들만이 통근근무자들보다 높은 우울증 유병률을 보였고 (OR 1.980, 95% CI 1.126-3.481) 고-긴장 재택근무자들이 가장 많은 결과 변수에서 유의한 오즈비를 보였다; 불면증 (OR 2.555, 95% CI 1.473-4.433), 근골격계 통증 (OR 2.786, 95% CI 1.719-4.517), 두통/안구 피로 (OR 3.074, 95% CI 1.992-4.745), 상병 시 근무 (OR 1.932, 95% CI 1.193-3.131).
결론
본 연구에 따르면 코로나19 팬데믹 기간 동안 한국 재택근무자들에서 다수의 건강 문제가 발생할 오즈가 유의하게 증가하였다. 그중 고-긴장 업무에 종사하는 노동자들은 재택근무가 건강에 미치는 부정적인 영향에 가장 취약하였다. 따라서 재택근무자들에 대한 산업보건 관리는 높은 직무 요구와 낮은 직무 재량을 완화하는 방향으로 접근해야 할 것이다.

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The impact of long working hours on daily sodium intake: Kyungho Ju, Yangwoo Kim, Seung Hee Woo, Juhyeong Kim, Inah Kim, Jaechul Song, Soo-Jin Lee, Jeehee Min; Ann Occup Environ Med 2024;36:e9. Published online April 1, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2024.36.e9

Abstract Abstract in Korean PDF PubReader ePub

Background

Long working hours are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, yet the underlying mechanism(s) remain unclear. The study examines how occupational factors like working hours, shift work, and employment status correlate with dietary choices and sodium intake, impacting hypertension risk.

Methods

This study used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2013 and 2020. The dataset included 8,471 respondents, all of whom were wage workers aged 20 or older and reported working at least 36 hours per week. Individuals who have been previously diagnosed with or are currently diagnosed with hypertension, diabetes, or dyslipidemia were excluded. The average daily sodium intake was assessed via a 24-hour dietary recall method. Average weekly working hours were categorized into 3 groups: 36–40 hours, 41–52 hours, and over 52 hours. Multiple logistic regression models were used.

Results

Study findings revealed that 83.7% of participants exceeded the recommended daily sodium intake of 2 g set by the World Health Organization. After adjusting for confounding factors, a positive correlation was observed between average working hours and daily sodium intake. Among males, statistical significance was found in the group with average weekly working hours of 41–52 hours (prevalence ratio [PR]: 1.17; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05–1.30) and the group exceeding 52 hours (PR: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.09–1.38) when comparing the fourth quartile of daily sodium intake to the combined quartiles of Q1, Q2, and Q3. Among females, no significance was noted.

Conclusions

Long working hours were associated with increased sodium intake, primarily among male workers. This connection is likely attributed to having less time for home-cooked meals, resulting in higher fast food consumption and dining out. A workplace intervention promoting healthy eating and reducing stress is essential to lower sodium consumption and mitigate hypertension risk.

장시간 근무가 일일 소듐 섭취량에 미치는 영향
목적
장시간 근무는 심혈관 질환의 증가와 관련이 있다고 알려져 있지만, 그 메커니즘은 명확히 알려져 있지 않다. 본 연구는 주당 평균 근로시간, 교대근무 및 고용 형태 등의 직업적 요인과 식습관 변화 간의 관계를 확인하고, 특히 고혈압의 알려진 위험 요인인 과다한 소듐 섭취와의 관련성을 조사하였다.
방법
본 연구는 2013년부터 2020년까지 실시된 대한민국 국민건강영양조사의 데이터를 사용하였다. 연구대상자는 20세 이상의 임금 근로자, 주당 최소 36시간 이상 근무하는 자로 선정하였다. 이 외에도 다양한 인구학적, 직업 변수가 설문 조사를 통해 수집되었으며, 평균 일일 소듐 섭취량은 24시간 회상법을 통해 조사되었다. 주당 평균 근무 시간은 36-40시간, 41-52시간 및 52시간 이상의 세 집단으로 분류되었다. 다중 로지스틱 회귀 모델이 분석에 사용되었다.
결과
연구대상자 중 83.7%가 세계보건기구(WHO)에서 권장한 일일 나트륨 섭취량인 2g을 초과한 것이 확인되었다. 교란변수 보정 후에도 주당 평균 근로시간과 일일 소듐 섭취 간의 통계적 유의성이 확인되었다. 남성에 대하여, 주당 평균 근무 시간이 41-52시간인 그룹 (PR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.05-1.30)과 52시간을 초과한 그룹 (PR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.09-1.38)이 일일 소듐 섭취량 4분위에서 1, 2, 3분위를 포함한 그룹과와 비교하여 통계적으로 유의미한 관련이 있었다. 여성에 대하여는 통계적으로 유의미하지 않았다.
결론
장시간 근무는 주로 남성 근로자에서 소듐 섭취 증가와 관련이 있었다. 이는 가정에서 조리하는 시간이 줄어들어 패스트 푸드 및 외식 소비가 증가하는 것에 기인한 것으로 생각된다. 과량의 소듐 섭취는 고혈압의 알려진 위험 요인이므로, 직장에서의 적극적인 개입을 통해, 더 건강한 식습관과 개선된 근무 환경을 통해 소듐 섭취를 줄이는 것이 필요하다.

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Temporary Employment Is Associated with Poor Dietary Quality in Middle-Aged Workers in Korea: A Nationwide Study Based on the Korean Healthy Eating Index, 2013–2021
Seong-Uk Baek, Myeong-Hun Lim, Yu-Min Lee, Jong-Uk Won, Jin-Ha Yoon
Nutrients.2024; 16(10): 1482. CrossRef

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Data Profile

Data resource profile: the Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS): Yoonho Cho; Ann Occup Environ Med 2023;35:e49. Published online November 23, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2023.35.e49

Abstract Abstract in Korean PDF PubReader ePub

The Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS) is a state-approved statistical survey that has been conducted by the Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute (OSHRI) every 3 years since 2006 to monitor changes in the working conditions of Koreans. This cross-sectional national survey involves a sample of 50,000 employed people aged 15 or older. KWCS measures various working conditions through > 130 survey questions, including questions regarding working hours, labor intensity, work–life balance, degree of exposure to risk factors, and subjective health status. Professional survey interviewers visit households and conduct face to face interviews. KWCS provides data and statistics for occupational safety and health polices and research in Korea. Furthermore, OSHRI holds academic conferences every year, awards high-quality academic papers, and supports researchers using data. Microdata is publicly available through the OSHRI website (https://oshri.kosha.or.kr).

자료원 프로파일: 근로환경조사
KWCS는 국가승인통계로 대한민국에 거주하는 만15세 이상 취업자 5만명을 표본으로 매 3년마다 실시하는 단면적 조사로, 2006년부터 산업안전보건연구원에서 실시하고 있다. KWCS는 전문조사원에 의해 가구를 방문하여 1:1 면접 조사로 이루어지며, 근무시간, 노동강도, 일과 삶의 균형, 유해위험요인에 대한 노출 정도, 주관적 건강상태 등 다양한 근로환경에 대해 130여개 이상의 문항에 대해 조사한다. 조사 결과는 정책 수립과 연구자를 위한 기초 자료로 제공하고 있으며, 마이크로데이터는 산업안전보건연구원 홈페이지(OSHRI.OR.KR)를 통해 공개하고 있다.

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Association between multiple jobs and physical and psychological symptoms among the Korean working population
Seok-Yoon Son, Jin-Young Min, Seung-Woo Ryoo, Baek-Yong Choi, Kyoung-Bok Min
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Commuting time, working time, and their link to insomnia symptoms among Korean employees: A cross-sectional study
Hoje Ryu, Suhwan Ju, Hye-Eun Lee, Seong-Sik Cho
Sleep Health.2024; 10(4): 434. CrossRef
Interaction between old age and precarious employment on poor mental well‐being in workers: Evidence from a nationally representative sample in Korea
Seong‐Uk Baek, Yu‐Min Lee, Jong‐Uk Won, Jin‐Ha Yoon
International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Occupation classification model based on DistilKoBERT: using the 5th and 6th Korean Working Condition Surveys
Tae-Yeon Kim, Seong-Uk Baek, Myeong-Hun Lim, Byungyoon Yun, Domyung Paek, Kyung Ehi Zoh, Kanwoo Youn, Yun Keun Lee, Yangho Kim, Jungwon Kim, Eunsuk Choi, Mo-Yeol Kang, YoonHo Cho, Kyung-Eun Lee, Juho Sim, Juyeon Oh, Heejoo Park, Jian Lee, Jong-Uk Won, Yu-
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Long working hours, work-life imbalance, and poor mental health: a cross-sectional mediation analysis based on the sixth Korean Working Conditions Survey, 2020–2021
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Association between sickness presenteeism and depressive symptoms: a cross-sectional study using the 6th Korean working conditions survey
Myeong-Hun Lim, Min-Seok Kim, Seong-Uk Baek, Tae-Yeon Kim, Jong-Uk Won, Jin-Ha Yoon
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health.2024; 97(5): 537. CrossRef
The association of job training duration and risk of depression among wage workers: an analysis of the mediating factors
Dong Geon Kim, Dong Kyu Kim, Kiook Baek
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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Special Issue

The impacts of working time flexibilization on occupational safety and health: an expert survey: Daseul Moon, Hyunjoo Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2023;35:e20. Published online July 20, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2023.35.e20

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The policy proposal by the current Korean government that proposes flexible overtime rules is causing social controversy. This study has explored the 612 experts’ opinions on the occupational safety and health impacts of the policy using an online self-report survey. They expected short-term overwork (87.25%), overwork inequality (86.44%), irregular working hours (84.31%), chronic overwork (84.15%), long working hours (83.66%), and unpredictability of working hours (81.86%) as a result of the policy change. They also responded that the policy change would increase industrial accident deaths (87.25%), mental illnesses (87.09%), deaths due to overwork or cardiovascular diseases (83.84%), and accidents (83.33%). They disagreed that the government’s flexibilization policy, while agreeing that the necessity of policies on regulating night work (94.77%), guaranteeing wages to eliminate overtime (90.36%), establishing working time regulations for the bogus self-employed (82.84%), and applying the 52-hour workweek system to all workplaces (76.47%). These expert opinions are consistent with previous research on the health effects of working hours.

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Association between long working hours and engagement in preventive healthcare services in Korean workers: Findings from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
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Preventive Medicine.2024; 180: 107849. CrossRef
Effect of long working hours on psychological distress among young workers in different types of occupation
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Association between long working hours and diet quality and patterns: A latent profile analysis of a nationally representative sample of Korean workers
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Preventive Medicine.2024; 180: 107890. CrossRef
Association of precarious employment with depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation among female workers: Findings from a nationwide longitudinal study in Korea
Seong-Uk Baek, Yu-Min Lee, Jin-Ha Yoon
Journal of Affective Disorders.2024; 351: 931. CrossRef
Association between long working hours and metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease: a nationwide population-based study in Korea
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Public Health.2024; 232: 188. CrossRef
Association between long working hours and the development of suicidal ideation among female workers: An 8-year population-based study using the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women & Family (2012–2020)
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Psychiatry Research.2024; 333: 115731. CrossRef
Association of low-quality employment with the development of suicidal thought and suicide planning in workers: A longitudinal study in Korea
Seong-Uk Baek, Jin-Ha Yoon, Yu-Min Lee, Jong-Uk Won
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Special Series I: Working hours as a social determinant of workers’ health
Kyunghee Jung-Choi, Tae-Won Jang, Mo-Yeol Kang, Jungwon Kim, Eun-A Kim
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

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Original Article

Hotel housekeepers and occupational health: experiences and perceived risks: Xènia Chela-Alvarez, Oana Bulilete, Encarna Garcia-Illan, MClara Vidal-Thomàs, Joan Llobera; Ann Occup Environ Med 2022;34:e29. Published online October 25, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2022.34.e29

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Background

Hotel housekeepers are one of the most important occupational group within tourism hotel sector; various health problems related to their job have been described, above all musculoskeletal disorders. The objective of this study is to understand the experiences and perceptions of hotel housekeepers and key informants from the Balearic Islands (Spain) regarding occupational health conditions and the strategies employed to mitigate them.

Methods

A qualitative study was carried out. Six focus groups with hotel housekeepers and 10 semi-structured interviews with key informants were conducted. Next, we carried out a content analysis.

Results

Hotel housekeepers reported musculoskeletal disorders, anxiety and stress as main occupational health problems; health professionals underscored the physical problems. Hotel housekeepers perceived that their work (physically demanding and with repetitive movements) caused their health conditions. To solve health issues, they used medication (anti-inflammatory agents, painkillers, sedatives and anxiolytics), which allowed them to continue working; health public services, generally rated as satisfactory; individual protective equipment; ergonomics (with difficulties due to high work pace and hotel facilities) and physical activity. Two contrasting attitudes were identified regarding sick leave: HHs who refused to accept a doctor-prescribed sick leave (due to fear of being fired, sense of responsibility, ...), and those who accepted it (because they could not continue working, they prioritised health before work).

Conclusions

Our results might contribute to plan improvement strategies and programs to address health problems among hotel housekeepers. These programs should include interventions, such as coping strategies for the work-related risk factors (i.e., stress) and strategies to reduce medicine consumption. Additionally, hotel facilities should adopt policies focused on making workplaces more ergonomic (i.e., furniture) and to diminish the work pace.

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Investigation of Working Conditions and Health Status in Platform Workers in the Republic of Korea
Hyoungseob Yoo, Munyoung Yang, Ji-Hun Song, Jin-Ha Yoon, Wanhyung Lee, Jinhee Jang, Minjoo Yoon, Mo-Yeol Kang
Safety and Health at Work.2024; 15(1): 17. CrossRef

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Research Articles

Relationship between working hours and probability to take alopecia medicine among Korean male workers: a 4-year follow-up study: Kyung-Hun Son, Byung-Seong Suh, Han-Seur Jeong, Min-Woo Nam, Hyunil Kim, Hyeong-Cheol Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2019;31:e12. Published online July 11, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2019.31.e12

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Background

Many studies have reported the negative effects of long working hours on various health problems. However, whether hair loss is associated with working hours has been rarely investigated so far. The main purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between long working hours and the development of alopecia among Korean male workers.

Methods

A total of 13,391 male workers not to take alopecia medicine in 2013 were followed up to see if they have alopecia medicine after 4 years, and that was used to confirm the alopecia development. Weekly working hours were categorized into three groups: reference working hours (RWH; < 40 hours/week), long working hours (LWH, 40–52 hours/week), and much longer working hours (MLWH; > 52 hours/week). Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate the relationship between long working hours and the development of alopecia after adjusting age, marital status, education, monthly household income, smoking, and work schedule within strata of the covariates.

Results

Long working hours was significantly related to the development of alopecia. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for the development of alopecia were 1.57 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21–2.05) for LWH group and 1.74 (95% CI: 1.23–2.47) for MLWH group relative to RWH group.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that unintentional development of alopecia is another potential health consequence of long working hours among Korean male workers. Preventive interventions to promote appropriate and reasonable working hours are required in our society.

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Natalie Kash, Matt Leavitt, Adam Leavitt, Spencer D. Hawkins, Rahil B. Roopani
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Practice status of specialized agencies for occupational health management of small- to medium-size enterprises and the factors improving their performance: a cross-sectional survey study: Saerom Lee, Jun-Pyo Myong, Eun-A Kim, Huisu Eom, Bowha Choi, Young Joong Kang; Ann Occup Environ Med 2017;29:4. Published online February 27, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-017-0161-4

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Background

We examined the current status of specialized agencies for occupational health management (SAs) and their workforce. Furthermore, we aimed to clarify the current practice status of SA healthcare professionals and factors that influence their performance.

Methods

To examine the current SA workforce, we analyzed data from the 2014 Survey of Current Status of SA and their Workforce from the Ministry of Employment and Labor (MOEL). Furthermore, we mailed out an original questionnaire to SA professionals to determine their current health management status and factors that affect their performance. Data from the respondents (N = 384) were analyzed.

Results

In 2014, the workforce performing health management in SAs comprised 232 physicians, 507 nurses, and 312 occupational hygienists, with no significant regional differences in the distribution of physicians and nurses. According to the findings of the questionnaire, the average daily number of worker consultations by physicians and nurses was 22.8, while the average time taken for health management ranged from 74.3 to 104.3 min, depending on the size of the firm. Most of the respondents (41.5%) answered that they were following-up on more than 80% of individuals with illnesses. Among health management tasks, performance scores of “consultations for general diseases” and “consultations for lifestyle habits” were relatively high, whereas health promotion activities at workplaces were relatively low. There was a significant correlation between the utilization of general and special health examination results and task performance.

Conclusion

Among health management tasks, follow-up management of individuals with illnesses and consultations for disease/lifestyle habits were relatively well performed, whereas health promotion activities at workplaces were not performed well. Among factors that positively influenced SA performance at workplaces, only the utilization of health examination results had significant effects. Therefore, to accomplish health management goals and perform effective health management at workplaces, there is a need to establish a comprehensive system of occupational health service outsourcing integrating health examinations and health management services. Furthermore, the current task system, which focuses on follow-up management, should be expanded to incorporate preventive and health promotion functions—the fundamental functions of occupational health services (OHS).

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Underestimation of smoking hazards and smoking cessation intervention efficiency among healthcare professionals: A cross-sectional study among Korean occupational health nurses
Jihye Lee, Saerom Lee, Woncheol Lee, Seung Hyeun Lee, Won Gun Kwack, Young Joong Kang
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Acute myeloid leukemia in a farmer with long term exposure to pesticides in Korea
Ye-eun Jeon, Jea Chul Ha, Seonggyu Kim, Mi Hwa Heo, Young Rok Do, Insung Chung
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Occupational health nurses’ personal attitudes toward smoking: A cross-sectional study
Jihye Lee, Saerom Lee, Minkyu Lee, Young Joong Kang
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Daytime and nighttime heat wave characteristics based on multiple indices over the China–Pakistan economic corridor
Safi Ullah, Qinglong You, Waheed Ullah, Daniel Fiifi Tawia Hagan, Amjad Ali, Gohar Ali, Yuqing Zhang, Mushtaq Ahmad Jan, Asher Samuel Bhatti, Wenxin Xie
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The roles of doctors, nurses, and industrial hygienists in the healthcare management services in Korea: a comparison of the opinions of specialized health management institutions and entrusted enterprises
Bo-Young Jang, Dong-Mug Kang, Young-Ki Kim, Se-Young Kim, Kyung-Sun Ko
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Erratum to: Practice status of specialized agencies for occupational health management of small- to medium-size enterprises and the factors improving their performance: a cross-sectional survey study
Saerom Lee, Jun-Pyo Myong, Eun-A Kim, Huisu Eom, Bowha Choi, Young Joong Kang
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2017;[Epub] CrossRef

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Morbidity patterns among the welders of eastern Nepal: a cross-sectional study: Shyam Sundar Budhathoki, Suman Bahadur Singh, Surya Raj Niraula, Paras K. Pokharel; Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:62. Published online November 15, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0151-y

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Background

Welding process has many hazards that the welders are exposed to resulting in numbers of health effects and diseases. Safety measures and practices among welders are important ways of preventing or reducing the health hazards associated with this occupation. We conducted this study to find out the morbidity patterns among the welders working in eastern Nepal.

Methods

A cross sectional study was conducted among 300 welders using semi structured questionnaire. Morbidity categories were classified based on symptoms experienced in past 6 months.

Results

All the welders learned welding by apprenticeship, without any formal health and safety training. Injury was the most common problem at work followed by skin problems and eye symptoms. Age of the welders, duration of employment & welding hours per day were associated with the morbidities among the welders.

Conclusions

There is a need for occupational health services for welders in Nepal. While further research may be required to make policy recommendations, the current study provides a baseline morbidity burden among these welders to look for interventions to promote health and safety at work for this neglected group of workers in Nepal.

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Pradeep Kumar Patel, Sanjay Kumar Sah, Pankaj Ray Adhikari, Rajiv Ranjan Karn
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Kassahun Rikita Bifessa, Fikadu Seyoum, Mihret Getnet, Kefyalew Naniye, Wabi Temesgen
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Blend Barzan Ameen, Sanaa Hassan Abdulsahibb
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Kassahun Rikita Bifessa, Fikadu Seyoum, Mihret Getnet, Kefyalew Naniye, Wabi Temesgen
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Vishnu Prasad Sapkota, Umesh Prasad Bhusal, Govinda Prasad Adhikari, Kuo-Cherh Huang
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Occupational Ocular Injuries and Utilization of Eye Protective Devices among Sawmill Workers in the Ojo Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria
Ngozika E. Ezinne, Kingsley K. Ekemiri, Maryann A. Nwanali Daniel
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Prajjwal Pyakurel, Jaya Prasad Tripathy, Myo Minn Oo, Bijay Acharya, Ujjwal Pyakurel, Suman Bahadur Singh, Laxmi Subedi, Kamlesh Prasad Yadav, Mukesh Poudel, Dipesh Raj Pandey, Shyam Sundar Budhathoki, Guna Raj Lohani, Nilambar Jha
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Prevalence and determinants of work related injuries among small and medium scale industry workers in Bahir Dar Town, north west Ethiopia: Getnet Abebe Molla, Waju Beyene Salgedo, Yohannes Kebede Lemu; Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:12. Published online April 8, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0062-3

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Objectives

To assess the prevalence and determinants of work-related injuries among small and medium scale industrial workers in Bahir Dar town, northwest Ethiopia.

Method

Cross sectional comparative study design was used. Purposive sampling method was used to choose the specific Kebele 14 of the study area, for its relatively high number of industries. The study units were stratified into small and medium scale industries. All workers who were available at the time of interview were included in the study. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data. Data was analyzed using SPSS for windows 16.0.

Result

A total of 328 and 655 workers from small and medium-scale industries respectively participated in the study. Seven hundred sixty nine (78.2%) were males. Three hundred thirty six workers (34.2%) reported that they had experienced work-related injuries. Sex, monthly salary, age, work experience and use of personal protective equipment were found to be different in the small and medium industries (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

There was a high prevalence of work related injuries. Sociodemographic, socioeconomic, personal work behavior and the working environment have contributed for the injuries. Work-related injuries are assumed to be preventable with the provision of occupational health programs in workplaces. Thus it is recommended that the owners of industries need to focus on training and installing safer work environment and Further studies with large-scale coverage and prospective study designs are warranted.

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Occupational health and safety practices and associated factors among workers in Ethiopia’s Metehara and Wonji sugar industries: a convergent parallel mixed design
Mitiku Bonsa Debela, Negussie Deyessa, Achenef Motbainor Begosew, Muluken Azage
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Prevalence and risk factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among cashiers in small-scale businesses: a cross-sectional study in Ethiopia
Amensisa Hailu Tesfaye, Belay Desye, Garedew Tadege Engdaw
BMJ Open.2023; 13(7): e070746. CrossRef
Factors contributing to occupational injuries among workers in the construction, manufacturing, and mining industries in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Mitiku Bonsa Debela, Muluken Azage, Achenef Motbainor Begosaw, Negussie Deyessa Kabeta
Journal of Public Health Policy.2022; 43(4): 487. CrossRef
Occupational injury and associated factors among cement factories workers in central Ethiopia
Demissu Seyoum Fresenbet, Ararso Tafese Olana, Abera Shibiru Tulu, Kababa Temesgen Danusa
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Occupational Injuries and Associated Factors Among Small-Scale Woodwork Industry Workers in Hawassa, Southern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Belete Girma, Amanuel Ejeso, Zemachu Ashuro, Mekonnen Birhanie Aregu
Environmental Health Insights.2022; 16: 117863022210808. CrossRef
Economic costs and Predictors of occupation-related Injuries in Ethiopian sugar industries from the Employer’s perspective: top-down approach and friction method
Mitiku Bonsa Debela, Muluken Azage, Negussie Deyessa, Achenef Motbainor Begosaw
BMC Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence of Occupational Injury among Workers in the Construction, Manufacturing, and Mining Industries in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Mitiku Bonsa Debela, Muluken Azage, Achenef Motbainor Begosaw
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Mitiku Bonsa, Getachew Redae Taffere, Mulubirhan Assefa Alemayehu
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Occupational Injury and Its Correlated Factors among Small-Scale Industry Workers in Towns of Bale Zone, Southeast Ethiopia
Nagasa Dida, Jiregna Darega, Feyisa Lemesa, Jeylan Kassim, Bedasa Woldemichael
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Chimere May Ohajinwa, Peter M van Bodegom, Martina G Vijver, Adesola O Olumide, Oladele Osibanjo, Willie J G M Peijnenburg
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The association between concealing emotions at work and medical utilization in Korea: Hongdeok Seok, Jin-Ha Yoon, Wanhyung Lee, June-Hee Lee, Pil Kyun Jung, Inah Kim, Jong-Uk Won, Jaehoon Roh; Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26:31-31. Published online October 1, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-014-0031-2

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

We aimed to investigate the association between concealing emotions at work and medical utilization.

Methods

Data from the 2007–2009 4th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV) was used, 7,094 participants (3,837 males, 3,257 females) aged between 20 and 54 who were economically active and completed all necessary questionnaire items were included. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for differences in hospitalization, outpatient visits, and pharmaceutical drug use between those who concealed their emotions and those who did not were investigated using logistic regression models with and without gender stratification.

Results

Among those who concealed their emotions (n = 2,763), 47.4% were females, and 50.1% had chronic disease. In addition, 9.7% of the concealing emotions group had been hospitalized within the last year, 24.8% had been outpatients in the last two weeks, and 28.3% had used pharmaceutical drugs in the last two weeks.

All ORs represent the odds of belonging to the concealing emotions group over the non-concealing emotions group. After adjustment for individual, occupational, socioeconomic and disease factors, the adjusted ORs (95% CI) in hospitalization are 1.29 (1.08 ~ 1.53) in the total population, 1.25 (0.98 ~ 1.60) in males and 1.30 (1.02 ~ 1.66) in females, in outpatient visits are 1.15 (1.02 ~ 1.29) in the total population, 1.05 (0.88 ~ 1.24) in males and 1.25 (1.06 ~ 1.47) in females and in pharmaceutical drug use are 1.12 (1.01 ~ 1.25) in the total population, 1.08 (0.92 ~ 1.27) in males and 1.14 (0.98 ~ 1.33) in females.

Conclusions

Those who concealed their emotions at work were more likely to use medical services. Moreover, the health effects of concealing emotions at work might be more detrimental in women than in men.

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Review

An Evidence-Based Multidisciplinary Practice Guideline to Reduce the Workload due to Lifting for Preventing Work-Related Low Back Pain: P Paul FM Kuijer, Jos HAM Verbeek, Bart Visser, Leo AM Elders, Nico Van Roden, Marion ER Van den Wittenboer, Marian Lebbink, Alex Burdorf, Carel TJ Hulshof; Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26:16-16. Published online June 24, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-4374-26-16

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We developed an evidence-based practice guideline to support occupational safety and health (OSH) professionals in assessing the risk due to lifting and in selecting effective preventive measures for low back pain (LBP) in the Netherlands. The guideline was developed at the request of the Dutch government by a project team of experts and OSH professionals in lifting and work-related LBP. The recommendations for risk assessment were based on the quality of instruments to assess the risk on LBP due to lifting. Recommendations for interventions were based on a systematic review of the effects of worker- and work directed interventions to reduce back load due to lifting. The quality of the evidence was rated as strong (A), moderate (B), limited (C) or based on consensus (D). Finally, eight experts and twenty-four OSH professionals commented on and evaluated the content and the feasibility of the preliminary guideline. For risk assessment we recommend loads heavier than 25 kg always to be considered a risk for LBP while loads less than 3 kg do not pose a risk. For loads between 3–25 kg, risk assessment shall be performed using the Manual handling Assessment Charts (MAC)-Tool or National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) lifting equation. Effective work oriented interventions are patient lifting devices (Level A) and lifting devices for goods (Level C), optimizing working height (Level A) and reducing load mass (Level C). Ineffective work oriented preventive measures are regulations to ban lifting without proper alternatives (Level D). We do not recommend worker-oriented interventions but consider personal lift assist devices as promising (Level C). Ineffective worker-oriented preventive measures are training in lifting technique (Level A), use of back-belts (Level A) and pre-employment medical examinations (Level A). This multidisciplinary evidence-based practice guideline gives clear criteria whether an employee is at risk for LBP while lifting and provides an easy-reference for (in)effective risk reduction measures based on scientific evidence, experience, and consensus among OSH experts and practitioners.

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Surface electromyography for risk assessment in work activities designed using the “revised NIOSH lifting equation”
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Research Articles

The Effect of Work Characteristics on Dermatologic Symptoms in Hairdressers: Pil Kyun Jung, June-Hee Lee, Ji Hye Baek, Jungho Hwang, Jong-Uk Won, Inah Kim, Jaehoon Roh; Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26:13-13. Published online June 9, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-4374-26-13

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Objectives

Hairdressers in Korea perform various tasks and are exposed to health risk factors such as chemical substances or prolonged duration of wet work. The objective of this study is to provide descriptive statistics on the demographics and work characteristics of hairdressers in Korea and to identify work-related risk factors for dermatologic symptoms in hairdressers.

Methods

1,054 hairdressers were selected and analyzed for this study. Independent variables were exposure to chemical substances, the training status of the hairdressers, and the main tasks required of them, and the dependent variable was the incidence of dermatologic symptoms. The relationships between work characteristics and dermatologic symptoms were evaluated by estimating odds ratios using multiple logistic regression analysis.

Results

Among the 1,054 study subjects, 212 hairdressers (20.1%) complained of dermatologic symptoms, and the symptoms were more prevalent in younger, unmarried or highly educated hairdressers. The main tasks that comprise the majority of the wet work were strictly determined by training status, since 96.5% of staff hairdressers identified washing as their main task, while only 1.5% and 2.0% of master and designer hairdressers, respectively, identified this as their main task. Multiple logistic regressions was performed to estimate odds ratios. While exposure to hairdressing chemicals showed no significant effect on the odds ratio for the incidence of dermatologic symptoms, higher odds ratios of dermatologic symptoms were shown in staff hairdressers (2.70, 95% CI: 1.32 - 5.51) and in hairdressers who perform washing as their main task (2.03, 95% CI: 1.22 - 3.37), after adjusting for general and work characteristics.

Conclusions

This study showed that the training status and main tasks of hairdressers are closely related to each other and that the training status and main tasks of hairdressers are related to the incidence of dermatologic symptoms. This suggests that in the future, regulations on working conditions and health management guidelines for hairdressers should be established.

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Zrinka Franić, Suzana Ljubojević Hadžavdić, Željka Babić, Jelena Macan
Contact Dermatitis.2023; 89(3): 153. CrossRef
Causes of irritant contact dermatitis after occupational skin exposure: a systematic review
Gitte Jacobsen, Kurt Rasmussen, Anne Bregnhøj, Marléne Isaksson, Thomas L. Diepgen, Ole Carstensen
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health.2022; 95(1): 35. CrossRef
The Prevalence of Hand Eczema and Its Determinants Among Female Hairdressers: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Mohammad Hajaghazadeh, Abbas Jafari, Shole Jafari, Shirin Hekmatirad, Alireza Didarloo
The Open Public Health Journal.2018; 11(1): 170. CrossRef
Reproductive disorders among cosmetologists and hairdressers: a meta-analysis
Dohyung Kim, Mo-Yeol Kang, Sungyeul Choi, Jaechan Park, Hye-Ji Lee, Eun-A. Kim
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health.2016; 89(5): 739. CrossRef
Skin health and safety at work in Croatian hairdressing apprentices
Tea Samardžić, Veda Marija Varnai, Marija Bakotić, Željka Babić, Richard Brans, Selma Cvijetić Avdagić, Darinka Štampar Šmaguc, Iva Kovačević, Jelena Macan
Contact Dermatitis.2016; 75(1): 25. CrossRef
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Sanne S. Steengaard, Anne Bregnhøj, Jeanne D. Johansen
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The Effects of Interventional Health Education on the Conditions of Hairdressing Salons and Hairdressers Behaviors
Mohammad Nassaji, Shahin Kamal, Raheb Ghorbani, Mahnaz Moalem, Batool Karimi, Hossein Habibian, Abbas Daraei, Gholamreza Irajian, Masoud Bidokhti, Rahmane Fotohi, Saeed Haghighi, Soheila Ghazavi, Mashallah Kolahdoz, Sakine Sayadjoo, Ali Kermani, Jamile Me
Middle East Journal of Rehabilitation and Health.2015;[Epub] CrossRef

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Effects of health and safety problem recognition on small business facility investment: Jisu Park, Harin Jeong, Sujin Hong, Jong-Tae Park, Dae-Sung Kim, Jongseo Kim, Hae-Joon Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2013;25:26-26. Published online October 23, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-4374-25-26

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Objectives

This study involved a survey of the facility investment experiences, which was designed to recognize the importance of health and safety problems, and industrial accident prevention. Ultimately, we hope that small scale industries will create effective industrial accident prevention programs and facility investments.

Methods

An individual survey of businesses’ present physical conditions, recognition of the importance of the health and safety problems, and facility investment experiences for preventing industrial accidents was conducted. The survey involved 1,145 business operators or management workers in small business places with fewer than 50 workers in six industrial complexes.

Results

Regarding the importance of occupational health and safety problems (OHS), 54.1% said it was “very important”. Received technical and financial support, and industrial accidents that occurred during the past three years were recognized as highly important for OHS. In an investigation regarding facility investment experiences for industrial accident prevention, the largest factors were business size, greater numbers of industrial accidents, greater technical and financial support received, and greater recognition of the importance of the OHS. The related variables that decided facility investment for industry accident prevention in a logistic regression analysis were the experiences of business facilities where industrial accidents occurred during the past three years, received technical and financial support, and recognition of the OHS. Those considered very important were shown to be highly significant.

Conclusions

Recognition of health and safety issues was higher when small businesses had experienced industrial accidents or received financial support. The investment in industrial accidents was greater when health and safety issues were recognized as important. Therefore, the goal of small business health and safety projects is to prioritize health and safety issues in terms of business management and recognition of importance. Therefore, currently various support projects are being conducted. However, there are issues regarding the limitations of the target businesses and inadequacies in maintenance and follow-up. Overall, it is necessary to provide various incentives for onsite participation that can lead to increased recognition of health and safety issues and practical investments, while perfecting maintenance and follow up measures by thoroughly revising existing operating systems.

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Occupational discomfort and injuries among automotive technicians in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study
Khaled A. Hafez
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E. Stamatogianni, I.D. Anyfantis, C. Dimopoulos, G. Boustras
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OHS management and employers’ perception: differences by firm size in a large Italian company survey
Michela Bonafede, Marisa Corfiati, Diana Gagliardi, Fabio Boccuni, Matteo Ronchetti, Antonio Valenti, Alessandro Marinaccio, Sergio Iavicoli
Safety Science.2016; 89: 11. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Cognition and Practice on Medical Information Protection of Iudustrial Health Care Manager of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises: Soo Jin Jeong, Min Kim, Chae Kwan Lee, Chang Hee Lee, Byung Chul Son, Dae Hwan Kim, Jeong Ho Kim, Jong Tae Lee, Goo Rak Chang, Ki Hun Hong, Chun Hui Suh; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(1):53-63. Published online March 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.1.53

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OBJECTIVES
This research aimed to know the actual condition and problems of medical information protection at a workplace with the target of industrial health care managers of small and medium-sized enterprises.
METHODS
A self-administered questionnaire was given to industrial health-care managers of 216 enterprises from March 15 to May 17, 2010. The questionnaire was produced by referring to the Act on Personal Information Protection of Public Institutions, etc. This research evaluated agreement of cognition and practice according to 10 items of medical information protection using kappa and cross-analysis of significant factors between cognition and practice of medical information protection and general characteristics.
RESULTS
Cognition about medical information protection appeared to be 85.4-97.1% and its practice appeared to be 44.1-95.3%, so practice was lower than cognition. In addition, the agreement of cognition and practice appeared significantly low (kappa 0.082-0.387). The practice of medical information protection tended to be lower when the managers were older and held a higher job title. Health examination results were being delivered only to workers except for an employer (94.2%), but there were many industrial health-care managers who felt discomfort about their work in group occupational health-care systems (58.1%).
CONCLUSIONS
The practice of protecting medical information by industrial health-care managers was clearly lower than the cognition. Therefore, introduction of educational programs about personal information protection and provision of an independent place for group occupational health care service is urgent. In addition, in order to use the health examination results conveniently in group occupational health services, an institutional complement is necessary.

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Jiwon Kang, GyeongAe Seomun
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JMIR mHealth and uHealth.2020; 8(6): e16723. CrossRef
Perception and Performance about Patients' Medical Information Protection in Allied Health College Students
Seon Young Choi, Do Yeon Lim, Il Sun Ko, In Oh Moon
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Influencing factors on health education performance of nurse in health promoting hospitals
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A Study on Protecting Patients' Privacy of Obstetric and Gynecologic Nurses
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Characteristics of Occupational Lung Cancer from 1999 to 2005: Jung Wook Lim, So Young Park, Byung Soon Choi; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2010;22(3):230-239. Published online September 30, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2010.22.3.230

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of occupational lung cancer.
METHODS
We analyzed the characteristics of 53 occupational lung cancer cases among 128 lung cancer cases applied for industrial accident compensation insurance benefits and referred for the decision of work-relatedness between 1999 and 2005. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Chi-square test on 128 lung cancer cases.
RESULTS
The age of diagnosis, smoking history, and cell type of lung cancer cases were not significantly different between 53 cases of occupational lung cancer and 75 cases of non-occupational lung cancer (p>.05). Here is a list of occupational lung cancer case numbers associated with certain carcinogens were: 33(62.3%) cases with asbestos, 23(43.4%) cases with polycyclic aromatic hydro carbon (PAH), 17 cases(32.1%) with chromium VI (Oxidation state), 14 cases(26.4%) with crystalline silica, 12 cases (22.6%) with nickel compounds, 2 cases(3.8%) with radon daughters, and 1 case(1.9%) with arsenic. Eighteen cases(34.0%) of occupational lung cancer had exposures to a single carcinogen, and 35 cases (66.0%) had exposures to more than 2 carcinogens. Job types associated with occupational lung cancer cases were: 16 cases(30.2%) with maintenance, 13 cases(24.5%) with welding; 6 cases(11.3%) with grinding; 4 cases(7.5%) with foundry; 3 cases(5.7%) with driving, casting, and painting' and 14 cases (26.4%) with 'other'.
CONCLUSIONS
This study identified the characteristics of occupational lung cancer through the analysis of the age of diagnosis, smoking history, cell type, job, and carcinogen. There is no difference between occupational lung cancer and non-occupational lung cancer except exposure to the carcinogens. these results indicate that past exposure to occupational carcinogens remains an important determinant of occupational lung cancer occurrence.

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A Basic Study for Removal of Heavy Metal Elements from Wastewater using Spent Lithium-Aluminum-Silicate(LAS) Glass Ceramics
Min-Seok Go, Jei-Pil Wang
Resources Recycling.2022; 31(4): 49. CrossRef
Overview of occupational cancer in painters in Korea
Jun-Pyo Myong, Younmo Cho, Min Choi, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Radiologic Diagnosis of Asbestos-Related Lung Cancer
Yoon Kyung Kim, Jeung Sook Kim, Yookyung Kim
Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology.2015; 73(6): 347. CrossRef
Compensation for Occupational Cancer
Inah Kim, Eun-A Kim, Jae Young Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2014; 29(Suppl): S40. CrossRef
Occupational Cancers with Chemical Exposure and their Prevention in Korea: A Literature Review
Kyung-Taek Rim
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention.2013; 14(6): 3379. CrossRef

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Development of Quality Assessment Domain and its Priority in Korea's Occupational Health Services: A Special Health Examination: Yoomi Chae, Sangchul Roh, Sukchul Jung; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2010;22(3):210-220. Published online September 30, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2010.22.3.210

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to develop a quality assessment domain and to determine its priority in Korea's Occupational Health Services.
METHODS
We designed the study in a 3 phase approach. The first phase of the process encompasses making a list of measures for quality assessments by a thorough review of the literature. The second phase emcompassed the development of inclusion and priority criteria. The third phase of survey development was conducted during August 2008 and a questionnaire was administered to occupational health physicians covering 58 subjects.
RESULTS
Finally we investigated 40 quality assessment measures, including 2 for structural domain, 17 for process domain, 21 for result domain in occupational health service. The 40 quality assessment measures divided into 2 parts. The early quality assessment part was 14 measures that including 8 measures for process domains and 5 measures for result domains.
CONCLUSION
We investigate a quality assessment domain and determined the priorities of the occupational health service in Korea.

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Study to EstablishOjeok-san(Five Accumulation Powder:Wu Ji San) Administration Criteria and a Questionnaire to Evaluate the Holistic Effects ofOjeok-sanon Patients with Low Back Pain
Eun-Jung Kim, Dongwoo Nam, Byung-Jin Ahn, Seung-Deok Lee, Jae-Dong Lee, Kap-Sung Kim
The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine.2013; 19(11): 891. CrossRef

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Factors Affecting the Health Promotion Activities of Workers: Eun Kyoung Kim, Byoung Gwon Kim, Jong Tae Park, Hyoung Ryoul Kim, Jung Wan Koo; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2007;19(1):56-64. Published online March 31, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2007.19.1.56

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper was to develop efficient and practical health promotion strategies in the workplace by investigating both the present status of health promotion and the barriers to its practice.
METHODS
A questionnaire was administered to 20% of industrial workers in the workplaces which receives the health care agency enterprise or are supported by a grant from the national treasury, K University Hospital in Gyeong-Gi province, and C University Hospital in Seoul.
RESULTS
According to the questionnaire survey, 51.3% workers were practicing health promotion activities and smoking cessation was the most common method among them. Regarding the factors that prompt workers to commence health promotion activities, TV or the mass media had a 33.4% effect, followed by a 22.1% effect for an abnormal finding at regular health screening. The most necessary health promotion activity in the workplace was exercise (41.9%), followed by stress management. When asked about their expectations of the health promotion program, 84.8% of the respondents answered that they expected it to be significantly or somewhat effective. Factors affecting the health promotion activities of workers were worker's health status and job control.
CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrated that workers evaluate health promotion activities positively and that some workers are unable to participate in these activities despite their willingness to do so due to the barrier of circumstances. To encourage worker's participation, the government and employers should remove barriers.

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Duck Hee Chae, Su Hee Kim, Chung Yul Lee
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Su Ho Park, Chang Hee Kim, Eun Kyung Kim
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Su Ho Park, Gwang Suk Kim, Jong Uk Won, Chang Gi Park
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Health Behaviors by Job Stress Level in Large-Sized Company with Male and Female Workers
Hyunju Park, Hye-Sun Jung
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Symptom prevalence and Primary intervention of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and their related factors among manufacturing workers: Hyunjoo Kim, Woo Cheol Jeong; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;17(2):116-128. Published online June 30, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2005.17.2.116

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
To investigate the symptom prevalence and the primary intervention of work-related musculoskeletal diseases(WMSDs) and their related factors among manufacturing workers.
METHOD
A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted on 2,457 workers, at 22 enterprises in Chungnam province, Korea, from September 1 to December 1, 2003. The contents of the questionnaire included general and work-related characteristics, musculoskeletal symptoms and workers' past one-year experience of primary interventions.
RESULTS
1. The overall symptom prevalence of the musculoskeletal diseases was 23.9%. The WMSD symptom prevalences at the neck/shoulder, arm/elbow, hand/wrist and back/leg were 14.8%. 2.7%. 7.3% and 12.0%, respectively. 2. In multivariate analysis, all WMSD symptom prevalences were high in the high workload, high force & high repetitiveness, and 'high job strain' groups. The WMSD symptom prevalence at neck/shoulder was also high in females and the group experiencing low social support from the supervisor. 3. The rates of the primary interventions were as follows : 13.7% for health education, 5.8% for health counselling, 18.8% for preventive exercise, 24.7% for ergonomic intervention, and 9.8% for administrative intervention. 4. In multivariate analysis, the size of the enterprises and the type of occupational health management system(OHMS) were significantly associated with all primary interventions except health counselling(p<0.05). The other individual-level predictive factors were as follows. Those for the health education were male and union presence. Those for the health counselling were older age(> or =40 years), irregular employment, and the active group of Karasek's job strain model. Those for the preventive exercise were male, older age, longer tenure and regular employment. Those for the ergonomic intervention were longer tenure, job of physical force and/or repetitiveness, high job stain and the group experiencing high social support from the supervisor. The predictive factor for the administrative intervention was male (p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
To establish an effective strategy for the primary prevention of WMSDs, approaches are needed which consider the individual nature of small and medium sized enterprises. IAlso necessary is to promote the participation of labor and management because the activation of the primary intervention was associated with the type of OHMS and union presence. Moreover the reduction of workload and increased intervention into the high risk group could be effective in the prevention of WMSDs.

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Status of the Occupational Health and Safety Programs of Several Hospitals in Korea: Kwan Lee, Hyun Sul Lim, Soo keun Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2003;15(4):351-363. Published online December 31, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2003.15.4.351

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
As health care workers suffer from various hazards in hospital, an occupational safety and health program is very important to them. This study was conducted to investigate the status of the occupational safety and health programs of several hospitals in Korea.
METHODS
We conducted a questionnaire survey on 941 hospitals in Korea. All questionnaires were posted to the department of general affairs at each hospital and responses were received from 108 hospitals (11.5%). Eight responses were excluded because of insufficient data and the remaining 100 questionnaires were analyzed. The collected data were evaluated using the SPSS 10.0 statistical package and the demands for occupational safety and health programs between two groups were analyzed by RIDIT analysis.
RESULTS
The study subjects were 53 general hospitals and 47 hospitals. An occupational safety and health committee, infection control committee, safety manager, health manager, activities for vaccination, reports for needle stick injury and records related to occupational injury were more likely to be present in general hospitals than hospitals (p<0.05). Demands for occupational safety and health were higher in general hospitals than hospitals. Especially, demands for measurement of working environment, improvement of ventilatory system, management of chemical materials and supply of protective equipment were significantly higher in general hospitals than hospitals (p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
We concluded from the findings of our study that occupational safety and health programs are not yet sufficient in Korean hospitals. So, we expect that special management, policies and laws for health care workers will be promulgated.

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Health Disorders Caused by Physical Factors among Health Care Workers - Focusing on Ionizing Radiation -
Hyun-Sul Lim
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2010; 53(6): 483. CrossRef

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Effectiveness and Factors Associated with the Control of Hypertension in Apartment Management Workers : Provided with Occupational Health Services: Soon Hwan Kang, Hyunjoo Kim, Youngkyu Kim, Jung Wan Koo; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2002;14(4):426-435. Published online December 31, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2002.14.4.426

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of the visiting occupational health services(OHS)and the factors associated with the proper control of blood pressure in hypertensive apartment management workers.
METHODS
The study group included 60 workers,who were visited and followed up regularly by a nurse for a period of more than 6 months.We checked the risk factors of hypertension, blood pressure and provided hypertension control methods every 2 months.
RESULTS
Mean systolic blood pressure decreased from 151.9 mmHg at the first visit to 141.1 mmHg at the last visit, and mean diastolic blood pressure also decreased from 93.6 mmHg to 87.1 mmHg (p<0.01).The number of workers who had regular exercise more than once a week increased from 7 (11.7%)at the first visit to 34 (56.7%)at the last visit, and the number of workers taking hypertensive medicines increased from 4 (6.7%) to 26 (43.3%)(p<0.01). The percentage of workers who either changed their life style or began taking hypertensive medication over the course of the action undertaken by the occupational health services showed a significant differences, 36.8%in the shorter intervention group, 43.5%in intermediate intervention group, and 72.2%in longer intervention group (p<0.05). Among those who were on shift work for less than 10 years was 32 (78.0%), while the corresponding number was only 9 (22.0%) for those who were on shift work for more than 10 years (p<0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
This study showed that the visiting OHS was effective in bringing about a reduction in blood pressure, as well as an improvement in life style habits and in the use of medication. It suggests that occupational factors should be taken into account for the proper control of blood pressure in hypertensive apartment management workers.

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Occupational accidents and human errors in apartment custodians’ work
Jun Sik Kim, Byung Yong Jeong
Work.2018; 60(4): 587. CrossRef
Occupational injuries and risk assessment of apartment guards work
Myoung Hwan Park, Byung Yong Jeong
Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries.2018; 28(4): 220. CrossRef
Risk Factor Evaluation of Musculoskeletal Symptoms for Guards
Kyung-Sun Lee, In-Seok Lee, Hyun-Joo Kim, KyungHee Jung-Choi, Jin-Wook Bahk, Myung-Chul Jung
Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea.2011; 30(3): 419. CrossRef

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The Experience of Occupational Health Care Providers in the Government-funded Subsidized Occupational Health Program for Small Scale Industries: Use of Focus Group Interview: Young Ran Han, Soo Geun Kim, Eun Hee Ha; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2002;14(4):392-407. Published online December 31, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2002.14.4.392

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVE:This study was conducted to provide the fundamental information to prepare better strategies based on the experiences of occupational health care providers who are involved in the Government-funded subsidized occupational health programs for small scale industries.
METHODS
The focus group methodology was used in this study.The data was collected using focus group interviews and analyzed in the framework of the Grounded theory method as mapped by Strauss and Corbin(1990). The subjects enrolled in this study included 20 occupational health care providers in the Government-funded subsidized occupational health program for the SSI;6 doctors and 14 nurses.
RESULTS
We identified 69 concepts,28 sub-categories and 5 categories(Table 2).The categories were the Program's Goals, Various Services,Difficulties in Implement Services, Program Evaluation,and Suggestions for Alternative Plans.
CONCLUSIONS
This program showed that autonomous health management ability has not changed although the possibility for small scale industries to start the health management arose by acknowledging the importance of the health management in the work-place. A successful program should provided a practical service that is planned by the characteristics and the requirements of the workers,a better service than the standard, more visiting times,and a trusting relationship among workers. The occupational health agency's quality and the health manager's specialty needs to be improved and the health manager's authority should be consolidated. An actively cooperative triangular relation among the Labor Department/KOSHA, service organizations, and the workplace is required.In addition,alternative plans were suggested.These included various programs for planning an autonomous service suitable for the quality of the workplaces,a model set-up suitable for the quality of the workplaces,and a role model set-up for the health manager.

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An Exploration of Contextual Aspects that Influence Cardiovascular Disease Risks Perceived by Workers in a Small–Medium-Sized Workplace
Jin Ah Kim, Won Ju Hwang, Juhye Jin
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(14): 5155. CrossRef
Validation of Performance Indicators for Evaluation of Workplace Health Promotion
Seung Hee Ho, Young Moon Chae
American Journal of Health Promotion.2015; 29(6): 402. CrossRef
Effects of health and safety problem recognition on small business facility investment
Jisu Park, Harin Jeong, Sujin Hong, Jong-Tae Park, Dae-Sung Kim, Jongseo Kim, Hae-Joon Kim
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2013;[Epub] CrossRef

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Case Report

Lung Cancer Occurring in a Worker Exposed to Coke Oven Emissions: Hyun Sul Lim, Jung Keun Choi, Eun Hye Kwon, Heon Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2002;14(1):97-106. Published online March 31, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2002.14.1.97

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
We report a case of lung cancer (small cell carcinoma) occurring in a worker exposed to coke oven emissions.
METHODS
We examined the chest CT and pathologic findings of the patient. We reviewed previous environmental measurements for coke oven emissions at the workers place of employment. Also we measured the airborne concentrations for coke oven emissions and total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the work area. Finally, we analyzed the 1-hydroxypyrene and 2-naphthol concentrations in the subjects urine and compared this with student controls.
RESULTS
This case was a 56-year-old male who had worked in a coke oven plant within a steel manufacturing factory for 21 years (1977-1998). The airborne concentrations of coke oven emissions at the worksite were above the permissible exposure level (0.2 mg/m3) in 45 cases (33.1%) among 136 workers. The concentrations of 1-hydroxypyrene and 2-naphthol in the subjects urine were statistically significantly elevated as compared with those of controls (P<0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
We confirmed that the lung cancer occurring in this patient was as an occupational disease due to exposure to coke oven emissions. To prevent occupational cancer in coke oven plant workers, we must remodel the engineering procedure, begin comprehensive medical surveillance, educate workers on risks and the benefits of smoking cessation, and increase awareness of safety regulations in the workplace.

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Occupational Cancers with Chemical Exposure and their Prevention in Korea: A Literature Review
Kyung-Taek Rim
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention.2013; 14(6): 3379. CrossRef
Occupational Respiratory Cancer in Korea
Hye-Eun Lee, Hyoung Ryoul Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S94. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Contact dermatitis surveillance system in Taejon city: Prevalence of contact dermatitis among the workers exposed to solvents and nonmentallic chemicals through an immediate health examination system in Taejon city: Seong Sil Chang, Sooyoung Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2000;12(2):227-234. Published online June 30, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2000.12.2.227

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
We tried to establish a Regional Occupational Surveillance System (ROSS) for estimating the prevalence and monitoring the trend of occupational dermatitis among 718 manufacturing workers exposed to organic solvents and nonmetallic chemicals in small and medium sized businesses of 1,2 industrial complex area of taejon City.
METHODS
Through the report from the nurses of Group Occupational Health Management System, we made a case referral and immediate health examination system with occupational medical clinics. We also performed a survey for detecting occupational dermatitis by a self-administered questionnaire. Case must meet 3 criteria; 1) He/She must have one or more significant cutaneous signs and symptoms. 2) The symptom should be changed by the work condition or caused by risk chemicals. 3) Dermatitis should be diagnosed by a doctor. Results Among the 131 workers(17. 7 %) with significant symptoms screened by the questionnaire, 4 workers(0. 6 %) met the case definition criteria. And among the 45 workers (6. 3 9o) referred to the immediate diagnosed system, 14 workers (l. 9 %) were Strongly suspected to have occupational dermatitis.
CONCLUSIONS
These prevalence rates were quite underestimated because of deficient recognition of the disease severity among the workers, reversibility of the target diseases, and life-threathening mood due to nationwide economic crisis and the socioeconomic withdrawal of each business. Ultimately, harmonized activities of government, industry, labor unions, volunteer organization and academy relating to occupational health in a community should be encouraged to do creative, consistent efforts for evolution and development of this first trial of ROSS.

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Work-relatedness of lung cancer by smoking and histologic type in Korea
Young-Il Lee, Sang-Gil Lee, Dong-Mug Kang, Jong-Eun Kim, Young-Ki Kim, Jong-Han Leem, Hwan-Cheol Kim
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2014;[Epub] CrossRef
Occupational Skin Diseases in Korea
Yeon-Soon Ahn, Min-Gi Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S46. CrossRef

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The Development of Health Risk Appraisal at the Worksite: Eun Hee Ha, Heui Sug Jo, Hye Sook Park, Yun Chul Hong, Hyun Sul Lim, Gyu Chul Chung, Yong Ae Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998;10(4):548-561. Published online December 31, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1998.10.4.548

Abstract PDF: Health Risk Appraisal(HRA) is usually defined as a process by which we expect of individual's chances of death or acquiring specific diseases within a defined period of time. The concept of worksite as an area of health maintenance and promotion is newly developing. Our movement for health promotion of employees has been increasingly known in the worksite. The aim of this study is to develop health risk appraisal tools about health promotion at the worksite for employees. We performed this study by two steps: one step was to develop a HRA questionnaire of worksites in Korea, another was to evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire. For developing HRA questionnaire, we reviewed scientific examples at first, and then weighted the score by delphi. To evaluate the reliability of developed questionnaire, we carried out survey by test-retest method. A total of 131 employees completed HRA questionnaire on two times. The results are as follows. The total score of health risk in unhealthy workers was higher than that of healthy workers. The range of test-retest reliability of responses to the questionnaire was 0.57-0.94. Therefore it seems that this questionnaire was very suitable to assess the health behavior of workers. In conclusion, the developed HRA questionnaire can be used as a tool for evaluating health behavior and for providing health counseling materials.

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The Changes of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice about Health Promotion in Workers Taking Group Occupational Health Service for 5 years: Chung Yill Park, Kang Sook Lee, Jung Wan Koo, Hyeon Woo Yim, Jeong Ah Kim, Byung Yong Ahn; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998;10(2):203-213. Published online May 31, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1998.10.2.203

Abstract PDF

Before and after conducting the health promotion program by group occupational health service during 5 years, we surveyed knowledge, attitude and practice about general health(30 items) and occupational health (30 items) among 25 small and medium scale industry workers (before : 355 workers, after : 279 workers) for evaluation of effectiveness. The scores of knowledge for smoking, drinking, cholesterol, mental stress, management of hypertension, and risks in younger or women workers were significantly increased after conducting group occupational health service. The scorers of attitude for controlling of fatty food consumption and cleaning workplace and bathing for health and that of practice for taking the periodic health examination and choking blood pressure were significantly increased but most of items in attitude and practice didn't be changed after services. According to sex, the scorers of men were significantly increased in knowledge of general health, but there were not significant differences in age, job status and work duration group. In conclusion, through the group occupational health service during 5 years, only the scores of knowledge in general health were increased. It suggested that the effective program which can change workers' attitude and practice for health promotion, should be developed and conducted in small and medium scale industry workers.

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The change of knowledge, attitude and practice on musculoskeletal diseases after exercise program in an electronic parts manufacturing company
Jung-Wan Koo, Ki-Yang Kim
International Congress Series.2006; 1294: 143. CrossRef

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Quality Assessment of Group Occupational Health Service for Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Korea: Sunmean Kim, Soo Hun Cho, Chang Yup Kim, Eun Hee Ha, Yun Chul Hong, Ho Jang Kwon, Mi Na Ha, Sang Hwan Han, Young Su Ju; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998;10(1):71-82. Published online February 28, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1998.10.1.71

Abstract PDF

Group occupational health service programme started in 1990 is one of the measures to cope with limited human and financial resources in occupational health. The programme has expanded rapidly to include 52 institutions, private as well as public, all over the country. In spite of its potential impact on health of employees and practice of occupational health in small and medium sized industries, comprehensive evaluation in terms of quality has not been tried. This study has aims to develop the criteria to assess the quality of newly developed group occupational health service programme, and to investigate the quality of institutions, and finally to develop policies for the quality improvement. 1) Criteria development : By defining occupational health services, in particular for small and medium sized industries, as one of the primary health care, followings are included as core elements of qualitative occupational health programme ; accessibility, continuity, comprehensiveness, technical quality, intersectoral collaboration, emphasis on preventive services, community participation, and adequacy. Again each element is divided into five major components of national health system infrastructure developed by the World Health Organization ; development of health resources, organized arrangement of resources, delivery of health care, economic support, and management. In turn, each component is categorized into three aspects of quality assessment, structure, process and outcome. Expert panel selected several criteria for each category to evaluate the programme. Criteria were modified according to each group of interviewees, to produce two sets of questionnaire, one for chief operating officer and another for nurses in the institutions, and the chief operating officer and workers in the workplace. 2) Subject : Of all 52 institutions, 25 voluntarily participated in the survey. At individual institution, chief operating officer and practicing nurses were interviewed in depth. After intensive education for interviewees, every interview was performed with standardized guideline and questionnaire. The quality of the 'Group occupational health service programme' was found to be lower than expected. Especially In continuity, comprehensiveness, technical quality, community participation and adequacy, lower quality in structural aspect was commonly identified throughout all the institutions. Quality in terms of accessibility and continuity highly varied among institutions. To improve quality of the programme, more comprehensive and systematic programme such as accreditation has to be introduced. In addition, human resources, governmental fund and information systems for individual workers are to be developed. As a long range plan, integration of occupational health services into the national health systems and pooling of financial resources and planned allocation should be considered.

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The roles of doctors, nurses, and industrial hygienists in the healthcare management services in Korea: a comparison of the opinions of specialized health management institutions and entrusted enterprises
Bo-Young Jang, Dong-Mug Kang, Young-Ki Kim, Se-Young Kim, Kyung-Sun Ko
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Relationship between occupational injuries and the provision of safety and health information: data from the 4th Korean working conditions survey
Ju-il Seo, Gab-Sik Shin, Min Gi Kim, Young-Sun Min
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Practice status of specialized agencies for occupational health management of small- to medium-size enterprises and the factors improving their performance: a cross-sectional survey study
Saerom Lee, Jun-Pyo Myong, Eun-A Kim, Huisu Eom, Bowha Choi, Young Joong Kang
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Validation of Performance Indicators for Evaluation of Workplace Health Promotion
Seung Hee Ho, Young Moon Chae
American Journal of Health Promotion.2015; 29(6): 402. CrossRef

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A Survey for Worker's Satisfaction and Need of Occupational Health Service (OHS) in a Shipbuilding Industry: Eun Hee Ha; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998;10(1):61-70. Published online February 28, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1998.10.1.61

Abstract PDF: In order to make an effective occupational health service program in a shipbuilding industry, I surveyed the workers' recognition of current occupational health service provided in health department of the workplace, their satisfaction with it and their need of future service. During 4 months in 1995(from April 1st to July 31th) , structured questionnaires were administered to 680 participants in health education program in a shipbuilding industry in Inchon. Most of them were men. They were young workers of 20-29 years old and their work tenures were short(5 years or less). They knew that main activity of current OHS was treatment of disease in workplace, but their satisfaction with current OHS was not good. Their satisfaction with management of general diseases was high in the case of acute disease, namely, URI, diarrhea, abdominal pain, however their need of future service in general diseases was high in the case of chronic disease, namely, hepatitis, back pain and so on. Their concern of work related disease, their recognition of and satisfaction with preplacement medical examination was high, and they need more medical care of occupational disease. In working environmental management service, recognition of and satisfaction with the activities related to the personal protectives, safety management were high, and they need highly communication of environmental evaluation and improvement of working environment. The opinions of workers strongly showed the need of improvement in specific health examination and evaluation of work environment. Conclusively the workers were not satisfied with current in plant occupational health service. They wanted better services, especially in the medical care of occupational disease and the management of work environment.

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The Factors associated with Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Occupational Health Among Small and Medium Scale Industry Workers: Chung Yill Park, Kang Sook Lee, Won Chul Lee, Se Hoon Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1994;6(1):42-55. Published online February 28, 1994; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1994.6.1.42

Abstract PDF

This study was carried out to determine the knowledge(K), attitude(A) and practice(P) on major occupational health problems among small and medium scale industry workers in Kimpo area. We used self-administered questionnairs regarding the emergency treatment on accident, the management of hazardous materials, the work place hygiene, the health risk of young workers and female works, the use of protective device, prevention of occupational disease, the periodic physical examination and the occupational health administration. The results obtained were as follow; 1. There were significant differences among age groups on the KAP. The teenage group had the lowest scores. As the age increased, total mean scores of KAP were increased concurrently, and this trend was statistically significant. 2. There was significant differences between male and female subjects on total mean scores of knowledge. But on that of the attitude and practice, there was no significant difference between male and female subjects. 3. As the size of enterprise increased, the mean scores of knowledge, attitude and practice were increased, but this trend was not statistically significant. 4. As the work duration increased, the mean scores of the attitude and the practice were increased. But the mean scores of the knowledge did not show this trend. 5. The white collar workers had significant higher scores than blue collar workers on knowledge, but there were not significant differeneces on attitude and practice. 6. The significantly associated variables on knowledge were work status and sex. On attitude and practice, age and work duration were significantly associated variables, but the degree of association was low. 7. When stepwise multiple regression analysis was done, work status, sex, age were significantly attributed to knowledge, age and sex wwere attributed to attitude, and age was attributed to knowledge, but the coefficient of determination were very low. In conclusion in small and medium scale industry workers, there were weak or no effects of age, sex of enterprise, work duration and work status on knowledge, attitude and practice regarding occupational health. So, it is suggested that all the members of the workers should be included in health education program for the workers.

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Kyung Jin Hong
Healthcare.2024; 12(7): 737. CrossRef
Participation inequality in the National General Health Examination based on enterprise size
Young Joong Kang, Jong Heun Park, Huisu Eom, Bohwa Choi, Seyoung Lee, Ji-Won Lee, Jun-Pyo Myong
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
A Predictive Model of Workers' Quality of Life
Bok-Im Lee, Hye-Sun Jung
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2011; 20(1): 35. CrossRef

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A Study on the knowledge and Attitude of Workers Concerning Occupational Health: Soo Nam Cho, Young Hahn Moon; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1990;2(2):186-198. Published online August 31, 1990; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1990.2.2.186

Abstract PDF: To acquire more useful data for the improvement of industrial health servicies, the knowledge-attitude study was carried out by questionnaire on 264 workers in Incheon area from November, 1989 to March, 1990. The results of this study were as follows; 1. Almost half of workers responded that their health status in poor. 2. The Knowledge of respondents on occupational health showed considerable difference depending upon duration of work in their company. Genverally, the respondents with long duration of work tend to be higher in knowldedge score than those with short duration of work. 3. Most of the workers (82.6%) thought that creating better working environment and improvement of working condition would be most efficient way for protecting the workers' health. 4. Degree of labor union activity, duration of work, participation for labor union were revealed as major determinants of attitude for industrial health. 5. Most of workers (91.1%) responded that they would like to participate in health education program if available, and monthly education would be adequate for them. The contents of program which the workers preferred were early detection and treatment of occupational disease.

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