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Original Article
Commuting time and musculoskeletal pain in the relationship with working time: a cross-sectional study
Hoje Ryu, Seong-Sik Cho, Jung Il Kim, Sun-Haeng Choi, Nathan Kim
Ann Occup Environ Med 2025;37:e4.   Published online February 19, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2025.37.e4
AbstractAbstract AbstractAbstract in Korean PDFSupplementary Material
Background
Commuting is essential for working life; however, prolonged travel times can negatively affect health, particularly musculoskeletal pain. This study aims to examine the relationship between commuting time and musculoskeletal pain (back, upper extremity, and lower extremity pain), in the context of working time.
Methods
This cross-sectional study used data from the Sixth Korean Working Conditions Survey conducted in Korea between October 2020 and April 2021. Variables such as commuting time, weekly working hours, and shift work were assessed using the survey questions. Musculoskeletal pain was determined based on self-reported pains in the previous year. The covariates included demographics, employment status, ergonomic risks, and job stress. The association between commuting time and musculoskeletal pain stratified by weekly working hours or shift work was analyzed by survey-weighted logistic regression analysis.
Results
This study found a significant association between longer commuting times and increased prevalence of musculoskeletal pain, particularly back, upper extremity, and lower extremity pain. When commuting time was ≤60, 61–120, >120 minutes, the odds ratio was 1.00, 1.33 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16–1.52), and 2.41 (95% CI: 1.77–3.29) for back pain; 1.00, 1.29 (95% CI: 1.13–1.46), and 2.27 (95% CI: 1.71–3.00) for upper extremity pain; and 1.00, 1.24 (95% CI: 1.05–1.45), and 1.53 (95% CI: 1.13–2.08) for lower extremity pain, respectively. Furthermore, except for upper extremity pain, this trend was amplified when participants were concurrently exposed to long working hours, and for lower extremity pain, this trend was aggravated among shift workers.
Conclusions
Long commuting time may be a risk factor for musculoskeletal pain, and its’ effects could be aggravated when combined with long working hours or shift work. This study observed the detrimental impact of prolonged commuting on musculoskeletal health, particularly among employees with extended working hours or shift work.
노동 시간 및 교대근무 여부에 따른 통근 시간과 근골격계 통증의 연관성
목적
통근 시간은 업무에 필수적인 요소이며 긴 통근 시간은 건강에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 수도 있다. 이 연구에서는 통근 시간과 근골격계 통증(허리, 상지 및 하지 통증)의 연관성을 노동 시간(장시간 노동 및 교대근무)을 고려하여 조사하였다.
방법
이 연구는 제6차 취업자근로환경조사의 자료를 이용하였다. 통근 시간, 주당 근무 시간, 교대근무 여부는 설문조사를 통해 조사하였다. 근골격계 통증은 지난 1년간 자가 보고된 건강 문제를 통해 평가하였다. 공변량에는 인구통계학적 요인, 고용 상태, 인간공학적 요인 및 직업 스트레스 요인이 포함되었다. 통근 시간과 근골격계 통증과의 연관성을 주당 근무시간 또는 교대근무 여부에 따라 계층화하여 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석을 이용하여 분석하였다.
결과
통근 시간이 60분 이하, 61~120분, 120분 이상일 때 요통에 대한 odds ratio는 1.00, 1.33(95% confidential interval [CI]: 1.16-1.52), 2.41(95% CI: 1.77-3.29); 상지 통증은 1.00, 1.29(95% CI: 1.13-1.46), 2.27(95% CI: 1.71-3.00); 하지 통증은 1.00, 1.24(95% CI: 1.05-1.45), 1.53(95% CI: 1.13-2.08)이었다. 또한 상지 통증을 제외하고는 장시간 노동을 병행하는 경우 오즈비가 증가하는 경향과 하지 통증의 경우 교대 근무자에서 증가되는 경향이 관찰되었다.
결론
긴 통근시간은 근골격계 통증의 위험 요인이 될 수 있으며, 장시간 노동이나 교대근무에 동시에 노출되면 해로운 영향이 증가될 수 있다. 본 연구의 결과는 긴 통근시간이 근골격계 건강에 해로운 영향을 미칠 수도 있다는 점을 보여주며, 특히 장시간 노동이나 교대근무를 하는 근로자 집단에서 그 영향이 커질 수 있음을 시사한다.
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Original Article
Association between discrimination in the workplace and insomnia symptoms
Suhwan Ju, Seong-Sik Cho, Jung Il Kim, Hoje Ryu, Hyunjun Kim
Ann Occup Environ Med 2023;35:e25.   Published online July 23, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2023.35.e25
AbstractAbstract AbstractAbstract in Korean PDF
Background

In Korea, little research has focused on the relationship between discrimination in the workplace and sleep health. Thus, this study aims to investigate the association between such discriminatory experiences and insomnia, a common sleep disorder, using Korean employees’ data.

Methods

This study used data from the 6th Korea Working Conditions Survey. Discrimination experiences due to age, ethnic background, nationality, race, sex, religion, disability, sexual orientation, educational level, hometown, and employment status were investigated. The Minimal Insomnia Symptom Scale estimated insomnia symptoms. The association between discrimination experience and insomnia symptoms were analyzed using survey-weighted logistic regression analysis.

Results

Based on experiences of discrimination over the past 12 months, insomnia symptoms were associated with discrimination experience due to religion (odds ratio [OR]: 3.70; 95% confidential interval [CI]: 1.58–8.69), sex (OR: 2.51; 95% CI: 1.87–3.37), age (OR: 2.30; 95% CI: 1.88–2.81), hometown (OR: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.44–2.97), employment status (OR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.37–2.10), and educational level (OR: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.31–2.14). Furthermore, the prevalence of insomnia symptoms increased with the number of discrimination experiences.

Conclusions

In this study, discrimination experiences due to religion, sex, age, hometown, employment status, and educational level were significantly associated with insomnia symptoms. Furthermore, as the number of discrimination experiences increased, so did the prevalence of insomnia. Preventing workplace discrimination may improve workers’ sleep health.

직장에서의 차별 경험과 불면증 증상 간의 연관성
목적
한국에서 차별 경험과 수면 장애 간의 연관성에 대한 연구가 거의 없었다. 따라서, 이 연구의 목적은 직장에서의 차별 경험과 불면증 증상의 연관성을 조사하는 것이다.
방법
이 연구는 제6차 근로환경조사의 자료를 활용하였다. 나이, 출신민족, 국적, 인종, 성, 종교, 장애, 성적 지향성, 학벌, 출신 지역, 고용 형태 등 총 11개 종류의 차별에 대한 경험 유무를 조사하였다. 수면 장애는 minimal insomnia symptom scale (MISS)을 사용하여 불면증 증상의 유무를 조사하였다. 둘 사이의 연관성을 평가하기 위해 가중치를 이용한 로지스틱 회귀분석을 사용하였다.
결과
종교(odds ratio [OR], 3.70; 95% confidential interval [CI], 1.58–8.69), 성 (OR, 2.51 ; 95% CI, 1.87–3.37), 나이 (OR, 2.30 ; 95% CI, 1.88–2.81), 출신 지역 (OR, 2.07 ; 95% CI, 1.44–2.97), 고용 형태 (OR, 1.69 ; 95% CI, 1.37–2.10), 학벌 (OR, 1.67 ; 95% CI, 1.31–2.14)에 대한 차별 경험과 불면증 증상 간의 연관성이 확인되었다. 또한, 경험한 차별의 종류가 많을수록 불면증 증상의 유병률이 증가하는 경향이 확인되었다.
결론
이 연구에서 직장에서의 종교, 성별, 나이, 고향, 고용상태, 교육수준에 대한 차별 경험과 불면증 증상 간의 연관성이 확인되었다. 직장에서의 차별을 예방함으로써 근로자들의 수면 건강을 향상시킬 수 있을 것이다.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Gender discrimination in the workplace and the onset of problematic alcohol use among female wage workers: A longitudinal study in Korea
    Seong-Uk Baek, Jin-Ha Yoon, Jong-Uk Won
    Social Science & Medicine.2025; 379: 118183.     CrossRef
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  • 8 Download
  • 1 Crossref
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Original Article
Association between insomnia and absenteeism or presenteeism among Korean employees
JongHyun Hwang, Seong-Sik Cho, Jung Il Kim
Ann Occup Environ Med 2022;34:e41.   Published online December 6, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2022.34.e41
AbstractAbstract AbstractAbstract in Korean PDF
Background

In Korea, few studies clarify insomnia and its association and absenteeism or presenteeism. Therefore, this study aims to examine the association between insomnia and absenteeism/presenteeism using the sixth Korean Working Conditions Survey.

Methods

Insomnia was evaluated by the Minimal Insomnia Symptoms Scale (MISS). Absenteeism and presenteeism were assessed by asking if the employee had experienced absence or working despite being ill for the prior 12 months at the point of the survey. Multiple logistic analyses were conducted to explore insomnia and its association with absenteeism and presenteeism.

Results

The odds ratios of insomnia for absenteeism and presenteeism were 3.48 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.76–4.39) and 3.68 (95% CI: 3.18–4.26) in the fully adjusted model. As the MISS scores increased, absenteeism and presenteeism showed the increasing trend that odd ratios increased accordingly from the first to the fourth quartile.

Conclusions

This study observed that insomnia was related to both absenteeism and presenteeism among Korean employees.

한국 근로자에서의 불면증과 결근(absenteeism) 및 프리젠티즘(presenteeism) 간 연관성 연구.
목적
불면증은 결근 및 프리젠티즘을 유발하는 위험 인자로 알려져 있으나 한국의 노동자들에서의 불면증과 결근 및 프리젠티즘 간의 연관성을 연구한 경우는 드물다. 따라서, 이 연구는 한국 노동자들에서의 불면증과 결근 및 프리젠티즘간의 연관성을 조사하였다.
방법
본 연구는 제6차 한국 취업자 근로환경조사 자료를 활용하였다. 불면증은 최소 불면증 증상 척도(MISS)를 사용하여 평가하였으며, 결근 및 프리젠티즘은 조사시점에서 1년동안의 결근 경험 및 건강상 문제가 있음에도 출근한 경험에 대해 질문함으로써 평가하였다. 불면증과 결근 및 프리젠티즘 간의 연관성을 분석하기 위해 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석을 수행하였다.
결과
보정된 모형에서 불면증과 결근 및 프리젠티즘과의 오즈비는 각각 3.48(95% CI: 2.76 - 4.39), 3.68(95% CI: 3.18 - 4.26) 이었다. 최소 불면증 증상 척도 점수가 증가할 수록 결근 및 프리젠티즘이 증가하는 경향을 보였다.
결론
본 연구를 통해 불면증과 결근 및 프리젠티즘의 연관성을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 근로자들의 수면 건강을 위한 추가적인 연구와 효과적인 수면 건강 중재 프로그램의 개발 및 도입이 필요할 수 있다.

Citations

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  • How Shift Nurses' Presenteeism is Related to Insomnia and Care Left Undone: A Cross‐Sectional Study Using Generalised Structural Equation Modelling
    Yoonjung Ji, Ari Min, Minkyung Kang, Chang Park
    Journal of Advanced Nursing.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association between single-person household wage workers in South Korea and insomnia symptoms: the 6th Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS)
    Yoon Ho Lee, Yong-Jin Lee, Eun-Chul Jang, Young-Sun Min, Soon-Chan Kwon
    Ann Occup Environ Med.2024; 36: e25.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence of Sleep Disturbances in Latin American Populations and Its Association with Their Socioeconomic Status—A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis
    F. A. Etindele Sosso, Filipa Torres Silva, Rita Queiroz Rodrigues, Margarida M. Carvalho, Sofia Zoukal, Gabriel Cordova Zarate
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(24): 7508.     CrossRef
  • Multidimensional typologies of precarious employment and their relationships with mental well-being in Korean wageworkers: A latent class analysis based on the Korean Working Conditions Survey (2020–2021)
    Seong-Uk Baek, Jong-Uk Won, Jin-Ha Yoon
    Preventive Medicine.2023; 177: 107787.     CrossRef
  • Association between receiving work communications outside of work hours via telecommunication devices and work-related headaches and eyestrain: a cross-sectional analysis of the 6th Korean Working Conditions Survey
    Yoon-Soo Jang, Jae-Han Lee, Na-Rae Lee, Dong-Woo Kim, June-Hee Lee, Kyung-Jae Lee
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Presenteeism, Job Satisfaction, and Psychological Distress among Portuguese Workers in a Private Social Solidarity Institution during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study
    Ana Catarina Maurício, Carlos Laranjeira
    Administrative Sciences.2023; 13(10): 220.     CrossRef
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Case Report
A case report of toxic hepatitis caused by chloroform in automotive parts manufacturer coating process
Jong Hyun Hwang, Jung Il Kim
Ann Occup Environ Med 2022;34:e22.   Published online August 29, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2022.34.e22
AbstractAbstract AbstractAbstract in Korean PDF
Background

Several cases of chloroform-induced hepatotoxicity have been reported worldwide, but only 2 cases have been reported in Korea. We encountered a case of toxic hepatitis due to chloroform exposure in February 2022 and report the diagnosis process and clinical findings.

Case presentation

A 38-year-old employee in charge of the coating after washing (degreasing) at an automotive parts manufacturer complained of jaundice and was diagnosed with acute toxic hepatitis. After the initial diagnosis, he continued to work, his symptoms worsened, and he was hospitalized for 8 days. Liver ultrasonography (elastography) revealed acute hepatitis. The washing agent contained chloroform, which was not listed on the materials safety data sheet, and the concentrations of chloroform in the workplace were up to 4.7 times the time-weighted average.

Conclusions

This patient showed typical toxic hepatitis with chloroform; further follow-up studies are required. Both employers and workers should be aware of information on toxic substances and take precautions to avoid exposure.

자동차 부품 제조사의 코팅 공정에서 클로로포름에 의해 발생한 독성 간염 1례
배경
클로로포름에 의해 유발된 간 독성은 세계적으로 적은 건수의 보고가 있었으며 국내에서는 단 2건만 보고되었다. 저자는 2022년 2월, 클로로포름으로 인한 독성간염 발생 1예를 경험하였고, 이에 대한 진단과정 및 임상소견을 보고하고자 한다.
사례 보고: 자동차 부품업체에서 세척(탈지) 후 코팅을 담당하는 38세 직원이 황달을 주소로 내원하여 급성독성간염 진단을 받았다. 초기 진단 후에도 계속 업무에 종사하뎠고 증상이 악화되어 8일간 입원 치료하였다. 간 초음파 검사(탄성조영술)에서 급성 간염이 관찰되었다. 세척제에는 MSDS에 등재되지 않은 클로로포름이 포함되어 있으며 작업장 내 클로로포름 농도는 TWA의 4.7배까지 검출되었다.
토의 및 결론: 이 사레는 클로로포름에 의한 전형적인 독성간염을 보여 주었으며 추후 지속적인 추적관찰이 필요하다. 저자는 고용주와 근로자 모두 독성 물질에 대한 정보를 정확히 인식하고 노출을 피하기 위한 예방 조치를 취해야 한다고 강조한다.

Citations

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  • Occupational disease monitoring by the Korea Occupational Disease Surveillance Center: a narrative review
    Dong-Wook Lee, Inah Kim, Jungho Hwang, Sunhaeng Choi, Tae-Won Jang, Insung Chung, Hwan-Cheol Kim, Jaebum Park, Jungwon Kim, Kyoung Sook Jeong, Youngki Kim, Eun-Soo Lee, Yangwoo Kim, Inchul Jeong, Hyunjeong Oh, Hyeoncheol Oh, Jea Chul Ha, Jeehee Min, Chul
    The Ewha Medical Journal.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Morbidity of aircraft workers with temporary disability
    Olga A. Molchanova, Olga G. Bogdanova, Vladimir A. Pankov, Mikhail Yu. Itygilov
    Hygiene and sanitation.2023; 102(8): 836.     CrossRef
  • 2,104 View
  • 10 Download
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  • 2 Crossref
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Research Article
Association between employment status and sickness presenteeism among Korean employees: a cross-sectional study
Jeong Woo Park, Seong Sik Cho, JongWoo Lee, Jonghyun Hwang, Jung Il Kim, Byoung Gwon Kim, Young Seoub Hong
Ann Occup Environ Med 2020;32:e17.   Published online June 12, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e17
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

Sickness presenteeism (SP) indicates “going to work while being ill.” The importance of SP has only recently been investigated, and the association between SP and employment status has been inconsistent across studies. Therefore, we conducted this study to explore the association between SP and employment status by using presenteeism propensity (PP), which can reflect the individual decision-making process.

Methods

The study population included employees participating in the 5th Korean Working Condition Survey. We analyzed data of only employees with at least one health event, which was calculated as the sum of SP and sickness absenteeism days. Employment status was grouped into 3 categories: stable employment, unstable employment (contract period ≥ 1 year), and unstable employment (contract period < 1 year). Survey-weighted logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between employment status and PP (dichotomized as “≤ 0.5” and “> 0.5”).

Results

Unstable employees (contract period ≥ 1 year) had higher odds of PP than stable employees (odds ratio [OR]: 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–1.47), whereas unstable employees (contract period < 1 year) had lower odds of PP than stable employees (OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.71–0.96).

Conclusions

Employment status was associated with SP. Given the negative health impact of SP, social efforts, such as paid sick leave, are required to reduce SP and enhance the health status of unstable workers.


Citations

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  • Vaccination rate and symptoms of long COVID among dental teams in Germany
    Maria Mksoud, Till Ittermann, Birte Holtfreter, Andreas Söhnel, Carmen Söhnel, Alexander Welk, Sebastian Paris, Florentina Sophie Melzow, Annette Wiegand, Philipp Kanzow, Andrea Rau, Stefan Kindler, Thomas Kocher
    Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Belgin Oral, Yavuzalp Solak, Hasan Durmuş
    Work.2024; 79(1): 449.     CrossRef
  • Longitudinal Association of Working From Home on Work Functioning Impairment in Desk Workers During COVID-19 Pandemic
    Atsushi Takayama, Takashi Yoshioka, Tomohiro Ishimaru, Satomi Yoshida, Koji Kawakami, Takahiro Tabuchi
    Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine.2023; 65(7): 553.     CrossRef
  • A Cross-Sectional Study of Psychosocial Factors and Sickness Presenteeism in Japanese Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic
    Masashi Masuda, Tomohiro Ishimaru, Ayako Hino, Hajime Ando, Seiichiro Tateishi, Tomohisa Nagata, Mayumi Tsuji, Shinya Matsuda, Yoshihisa Fujino
    Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine.2022; 64(1): e1.     CrossRef
  • Associations between job and workplace factors, health and physical factors, personal factors, and presenteeism among general employees in Japan: A longitudinal study
    Eiko Goto, Hirono Ishikawa, Tsuyoshi Okuhara, Hiroko Okada, Aiko Tsunezumi, Yumi Kagawa, Yoshihisa Fujino, Takahiro Kiuchi
    Journal of Occupational Health.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Effect of Emotional Labor on Presenteeism of Chinese Nurses in Tertiary-Level Hospitals: The Mediating Role of Job Burnout
    Jia Song, Fang Liu, Xiaowei Li, Zhan Qu, Rongqiang Zhang, Jie Yao
    Frontiers in Public Health.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 641 View
  • 4 Download
  • 9 Web of Science
  • 6 Crossref
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Research Article
A study of relationship between blood mercury concentration and hypertension in residents living in old mine fields and related factors
Jeong Woo Kim, Byoung Gwon Kim, Jeong Woo Park, Jong Woo Yi, Jung Il Kim, Young Seoub Hong
Ann Occup Environ Med 2019;31:e6.   Published online May 30, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2019.31.e6
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

In Korea, around the abandoned metal mines, heavy metals are being accumulating in the cultivated areas. Among exposed heavy metals, mercury is known to harm for cardiovascular system known to affect blood pressure. So, we studied the relationship between blood mercury level and hypertension in residents around abandoned metal mines.

Methods

From 2008 to 2011, we surveyed 7,055 residents in provinces affected by abandoned metal mines and collected data from 6 Hospitals. We conducted a personal questionnaire interview survey with residents on the basis of household questionnaires, sex, age, household income, smoking, and drinking items. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between blood mercury level and hypertension.

Results

We compared residents with low and high groups based on blood mercury level 5.8 μg/L, and higher group was significantly higher risk of hypertension than lower group (odds ratio [OR]: 1.277; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.135–1.436), also in adjusted model, higher group was significantly higher risk of hypertension than lower group (OR: 1.276; 95% CI: 1.117–1.457).

Conclusions

This study showed a significant correlation between mercury and hypertension in residents around abandoned metal mines. Therefore, we should continuously monitor people who are higher than the standard value and the hypertensive patients.


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  • Re-thinking the link between exposure to mercury and blood pressure
    Xue Feng Hu, Allison Loan, Hing Man Chan
    Archives of Toxicology.2025; 99(2): 481.     CrossRef
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    Nayra Carla de Melo, Priscilla Cristovam Sampaio e Souza, Rejane Correa Marques, José Vicente Elias Bernardi, Wanderley Rodrigues Bastos, Mônica Pereira Lima Cunha
    Environmental Research.2024; 257: 119391.     CrossRef
  • Associations of fine particulate matter and its metal constituents with blood pressure: A panel study during the seventh World Military Games
    Zhaoyuan Li, Shouxin Peng, Meijin Chen, Jinhui Sun, Feifei Liu, Huaiji Wang, Hao Xiang
    Environmental Research.2023; 217: 114739.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of the Relationship between the Exposure Level to Mixed Hazardous Heavy Metals and Health Effects Using Factor Analysis
    Eunseop Kim, Sun-In Moon, Dong-Hyuk Yim, Byung-Sun Choi, Jung-Duck Park, Sang-Yong Eom, Yong-Dae Kim, Heon Kim
    Journal of Environmental Health Sciences.2022; 48(4): 236.     CrossRef
  • Blood cadmium, lead, manganese, mercury, and selenium levels in American Indian populations: The Strong Heart Study
    Zheng Li, Michael Lewin, Patricia Ruiz, Anne E. Nigra, Noelle B. Henderson, Jeffery M. Jarrett, Cynthia Ward, Jianhui Zhu, Jason G. Umans, Marcia O'Leary, Ying Zhang, Angela Ragin-Wilson, Ana Navas-Acien
    Environmental Research.2022; 215: 114101.     CrossRef
  • Co-exposure to Heavy Metals and Hypertension Among Adults in South Korea
    Kisok Kim, Hyejin Park
    Exposure and Health.2022; 14(1): 139.     CrossRef
  • Effects of low-level mercury exposure on brain-derived neurotrophic factor in preschool children
    Can-Can Zhou, Hui Fu, Guo-Yan Zhang, Jia-Wei Ma, Min Ni, Dong-Jie Li, Fu-Ming Shen, Fang Huang
    Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety.2021; 208: 111642.     CrossRef
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    Francesca Gorini, Elisa Bustaffa, Kyriazoula Chatzianagnostou, Fabrizio Bianchi, Cristina Vassalle
    Science of The Total Environment.2020; 743: 140818.     CrossRef
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Research Article
A cross-sectional study on the pulmonary function of residents in two urban areas with different PM10 concentrations: data from the fourth Korea national health and nutrition examination survey (KNHANES) 2007–2009
Si Woo Park, Byoung Gwon Kim, Jung Woo Kim, Jung Woo Park, Jung Il Kim
Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:47.   Published online July 16, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0258-4
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

The present study aims to compare the pulmonary function of residents of Seoul special city (Seoul) and Jeju special self-governing province including Jeju city and Seogwipo city (Jeju), characterized by vastly different annual average airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less ≤10 μm (PM10) concentrations, with the annual average PM10 concentration in Seoul being significantly higher than that in Jeju.

Methods

This cross-sectional study analyzed the pulmonary function test results and sociodemographic data of Korean adults ≥19 years of age derived from the 4th KNHANES, 2007–2009. A total of 830 individuals residing in Seoul or Jeju were included in this study. T-tests were used to analyze predicted values of forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1p), predicted values of forced vital capacity (FVCp) and FEV1/FVC ratio (FEV1/FVC), as dependent variables, to examine the differences in the subjects’ pulmonary function according to the city of residence. Stratified analysis was then performed to adjust for variables potentially affecting pulmonary function. The analysis was performed on subjects as a group and also following stratification according to sex and other variables.

Results

Seoul residents had a significantly lower FVCp than that of the Jeju residents (difference: 3.48%, p = 0.002). FEV1p, FVCp and FEV1/FVC of male Seoul residents were significantly lower than those of male Jeju residents (difference: 6.99, 5.11% and 0.03, respectively; p < 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.001). In male subjects, statistically significant results were obtained even after adjusting the influence of other variables through stratified analysis.

Conclusion

The present analysis was based on cross-sectional data collected at one point in time. Therefore, unlike longitudinal studies, it does not establish a clear causal association between the variables. Nevertheless, this study found that pulmonary function among subjects residing in Seoul was significantly decreased compared to that of subjects residing in Jeju.


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    Su-Yeon Hwang, Jung-Eun Park
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    Su-Yeon Hwang, Jung-Eun Park
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(4): 2964.     CrossRef
  • A study on the relationship between food insecurity and periodontitis in Korean adults: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VII) from 2016-2018
    Soo-Jin Kang, Jung-Eun Park, Jong-Hwa Jang
    Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2023; 47(3): 106.     CrossRef
  • Association between Healthy Lifestyle (Diet Quality, Physical Activity, Normal Body Weight) and Periodontal Diseases in Korean Adults
    Su-Yeon Hwang, Jong-Hwa Jang, Jung-Eun Park
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  • Effects of exposure to ambient air pollution on pulmonary function impairment in Korea: the 2007-2017 Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey
    Soo Beom Choi, Sungha Yun, Sun-Ja Kim, Yong Bum Park, Kyungwon Oh
    Epidemiology and Health.2021; 43: e2021082.     CrossRef
  • Respiratory Health in a Community Living in Close Proximity to Gold Mine Waste Dumps, Johannesburg, South Africa
    Samantha Iyaloo, Tahira Kootbodien, Nisha Naicker, Spo Kgalamono, Kerry S. Wilson, David Rees
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(7): 2240.     CrossRef
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Research Article
Association between supervisors’ behavior and wage workers’ job stress in Korea: analysis of the fourth Korean working conditions survey
Shin Uk Kang, Byeong Jin Ye, ByoungGwon Kim, Jung Il Kim, Jung Woo Kim
Ann Occup Environ Med 2017;29:43.   Published online October 11, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-017-0199-3
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background

In modern society, many workers are stressed. Supervisors’ support or behavior can affect the emotional or psychological part of the worker. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of supervisor’s behavior on worker’s stress.

Methods

The study included 19,272 subjects following the assignment of weighted values to workers other than soldiers using data from the Fourth Korean Working Condition Survey. Supervisors’ behavior was measured using 5 items: “supervisor feedback regarding work,” “respectful attitude,” “good conflict-resolution ability,” “good work-related planning and organizational ability,” and the encouragement of participation in important decision making. Job stress was measured using 1 item: “I experience stress at work.” Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the effects of supervisors’ behavioral, general, occupational, and psychosocial characteristics on job stress in workers. Organizational characteristics associated with supervisors’ behavior were also analyzed.

Results

The results showed that supervisors’ provision of feedback regarding work increased workers’ job stress (OR = 1.329, 95% CI = 1.203 ~ 1.468). When a supervisor respect workers (OR = 0.812, 95% CI = 0.722 ~ 0.913) or good at planning and organizing works (OR = 0.816, 95% CI: 0.732 ~ 0.910), workers’ job stress decreased. In particular, the two types of supervisor behaviors, other than feedback regarding work, were high in private-sector organizations employing less than 300 employees.

Conclusion

Supervisors’ behavior influenced job stress levels in workers. Therefore, it is necessary to increase education regarding the effects of supervisors’ behavior on job stress, which should initially be provided in private-sector organizations with up to 300 employees.


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  • Job security in the apparel industry in Sri Lanka
    Wasantha Rajapakshe, T.G.S.D. Chandrasiri
    Work Organisation, Labour & Globalisation.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association between night work and dyslipidemia in South Korean men and women: a cross-sectional study
    Jae Hong Joo, Doo Woong Lee, Dong-Woo Choi, Eun-Cheol Park
    Lipids in Health and Disease.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Original Article
Lung Function in Workers at Small Foundries
Se Yeong Kim, Jung Il Kim, Ji Hyeon Jung, Suk Hwan Choi, Kap Yeol Jung
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(3):317-323.   Published online September 30, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.3.317
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study investigated lung function in workers exposed to dusts, fumes and noxious gases at small foundries.
METHODS
Lung function was measured in 148 male workers from 12 small foundries and 202 unexposed male workers. Pulmonary function tests performed included: forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), percent of FEV1/FVC (FEV1/FVC%), maximum mid-expiratory flow (MMEF), peak expiratory flow (PEF), and forced expiratory flow at 25, 50, and 75% of expired FVC (FEF25, 50, 75).
RESULTS
Mean values of all ventilatory indices except FEF25 of foundry workers were significantly lower than those of controls. Specifically, following stratification by smoking habits, all ventilatory indices except FEF25 of foundry workers were significantly lower than those of controls who smoked; however, there were no significant differences observed in any ventilatory indices between nonsmoking exposed workers and controls. The results of multiple linear regression analysis indicated work duration as a significant predictor of a decrease in FVC%.
CONCLUSIONS
This research indicates that combined occupational exposure to dust, fumes, and gases in small foundries is associated with a reduction in lung function. Smoking may also contribute to respiratory abnormalities. These results suggested that foundry workers should be required to undergo periodic lung function tests and-in addition to not smoking, efficient use of personal protection equipment while at work is recommended.

Citations

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  • Cause-Specific Mortality Due to Malignant and Non-Malignant Disease in Korean Foundry Workers
    Jin-Ha Yoon, Yeon-Soon Ahn, Suminori Akiba
    PLoS ONE.2014; 9(2): e88264.     CrossRef
  • Pulmonary function decline in firefighters and non-firefighters in South Korea
    Ju-Hwan Choi, Jae-Hong Shin, Mi-Young Lee, In-Sung Chung
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2014;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Original Article
The Brain Pathology on Recovery of Brain MRI after Manganese Administration in Rats
Ji Hyeon Jung, Jung Il Kim, Se Young Kim, Min Ho Jung, Soon Sub Choi, Soo Jin Kim, Young Jin Park, Kap Yeol Jung
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2010;22(4):371-377.   Published online December 31, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2010.22.4.371
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was carried out to investigate the effect on manganese on the brain of Sprague-Dawley rats, with particular focus on changes to anatomical pathology when brain MRI was recovered after manganese administration.
METHODS
There were 15 rats divided into 3 groups of 5 based on dose of manganese: control group, low dose group (10 mg/kg), and high dose group (40 mg/kg). Each dosing group received an injection of normal saline and manganese via the tail vein once a week for 4 weeks. And then, the rats were observed for 12 weeks after stopping manganese administration. Next, each rat underwent a brain MRI and then each was sacrificed. After the rats were killed, the concentrations of blood manganese were measured, and pathologic examinations of the brain were performed.
RESULTS
The signal intensity of basal ganglia on T1-weighted imaging of brain MRI did not differ between dosing groups. However, the ratio of neuron/glial cell in the basal ganglia was decreased in the low- and high-dose groups compared to the control group.
CONCLUSIONS
This study showed that the damage of neuron in basal ganglia might be permanent after signal intensity of basal ganglia on T1-weighted imaging of brain MRI was recovered.

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Original Article
The Change of Brain MRI and Pathology According to the Administered Dose of Manganese in Rats
Jae Myeong Lee, Jung Il Kim, Yoon Kou Kim, Min Ho Jung, Soon Sub Choi, Dae Chul Kim, Kap Yeol Jung
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2009;21(2):184-191.   Published online June 30, 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2009.21.2.184
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of manganese on the brains of rats, and chronic exposure to manganese is known to induce Parkinsonism in human.
METHODS
The rats were divided into three groups: the first group was a control group that was administrated normal saline, and the second group was subdivided into the low dose group (10 mg/kg) and the high dose group (40 mg/kg) according to the administered dose of manganese. The rats of each group received an injection of normal saline and manganese via a tail vein once a week for 4 weeks. The rats were sacraficed at 4 weeks after the first adminstration of manganese. Brain MR imaging was performed before the rats were killed. After the rats were killed, the concentration of blood manganese was measured, and pathologic examination of the brain was performed in all the groups.
RESULTS
The concentration of blood manganese was increased proportionally to the administered dose. The signal intensity of the basal ganglia on the T1-weighted imaging of brain MRI was increased in accordance with the administered dose. The ratio of neuron/glial cells in the basal ganglia was decreased in the experiment group as compared to that of the control group.
CONCLUSIONS
This study showed that the signal intensity and the damage of neurons in basal ganglia were increased according to the administered dose of manganese in rats.

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Original Article
The Prevalence of Asbestos Exposure-induced Pleural Thickening on Chest Radiograph in Repairing Shipyard Workers
Byeong Jin Ye, Jung Il Kim, Hyun Jae Lee, Ki Nam Kim, Ki Nam Lee, Kap Yeol Jung, Joon Youn Kim, Sung Ho Yun
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2008;20(1):9-14.   Published online March 31, 2008
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2008.20.1.9
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study evaluated the prevalence of asbestos exposure-induced pleural thickening on chest radiograph in repairing shipyard workers.
METHODS
A total of 2,114 incumbent and retired workers in a shipyard underwent chest radiograph, questionnaire study, interview, and physical exam from 2005 to 2007. Finally, 1,702 workers were selected and classified into two groups according to asbestos exposure: exposure and non-exposure groups. The characteristics in the exposure group were investigated.
RESULTS
The prevalence of pleural thickening on chest radiograph was 5.2 % and 3.1 % in the exposure and non-exposure groups, respectively (p<0.05). In those aged 50 years or above, the prevalence was 17.6 % and 8.7 % in the exposure and non-exposure groups, respectively (p<0.05). The prevalence was 16.5 % and 30.2 % and the odds ratio was 2.34 (95% CI; 1.15-4.77) and 2.95 (95%CI; 1.08-8.07) in the workers with an exposure duration of 20-29 years and more than 30 years, respectively. The prevalence was higher when considering tuberculosis history.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence was increased with increasing exposure duration was more than 20 years. The authors therefore suggest that this group should be followed up periodically by special program and that a longitudinal study with repairing shipyard workers as the cohort should be undertaken.

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  • Environmental health centers for asbestos and their health impact surveys and activities
    Dong-Mug Kang, Jong-Eun Kim, Yong-Jin Lee, Hyun-Hee Lee, Chang-yeol Lee, Seong-Jae Moon, Min-Sung Kang
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2016;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Health Effects of Environmental Asbestos Exposure
    Dong-Mug Kang
    Korean Journal of Environmental Health Sciences.2009; 35(2): 71.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Imaging Findings among Retired Workers Who Were Long-term Exposed to Asbestos : Lung and Pleural Diseases Prevalence on Chest Radiograph and HRCT
Ki Nam Kim, Jung Il Kim, Ki Nam Lee, Kap Yeol Jung, Joon Youn Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2006;18(2):87-93.   Published online June 30, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2006.18.2.87
AbstractAbstract PDF
PURPOSE
To determine imaging findings among retired workers who were long-term exposed to asbestos. Lung and pleural diseases prevalence were studied on chest radiograph and HRCT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen workers who were long-term exposedto asbestos occupationally in shipyards were examined by chest radiographs (PA and lateral view) and HRCT (high-resolution computed tomography).
RESULTS
In 12 of 18 subjects (66.7%), asbestos-related pleural abnormalities were evident in diaphragmatic, lateral chest wall and costophrenic angle of the pleura on chest radiographs. The thickness of pleural plaques at the lateral chest wall varied. Diffuse pleural thickening was evident in 2 workers. Parenchymal abnormalities were not found on chest radiographs. On HRCT, pleural thickening wasobserved in 16 of 18 subjects (88.9%), in the areas of juxtavertebral, diaphragmatic, anterior, lateral, mediastinal and fissural pleura. Curvilinear subpleural lines representing early parenchymal asbestosis were found in the lower posterior lung in three of 18 subjects (16.7%).
CONCLUSIONS
In long term asbestos-exposed workers, the asbestos-related pleural disease was 66.7% on chest radiographs and 88.9% on HRCT. The authors suggest that this group should be followed up periodically

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  • Compensation and Diagnosis of Asbestos Related Disease
    Soo-Geun Kim
    Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2009; 30(5): 335.     CrossRef
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Original Article
A Case of Cubital Tunnel Syndrome Due To Repetitive Work
Jung Il Kim, Young Il Lee
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2006;18(2):156-162.   Published online June 30, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2006.18.2.156
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVE: To report one case of cubital tunnel syndrome due to repetitive work METHOD: The authors examined a worker who complained of severe muscle atrophy between the right thumb and index finger, claw deformity and numbness of the 5th finger. We evaluated him with physical examination, neurophysiologic studies (nerve conduction study, NCV; electromygraphy, EMG), plain Xray and magnetic resonance image(MRI) at the right elbow. We also investigated his occupational history, and analyzed his work motions, using rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) of the work cycle at his previous work site.
RESULT
The patient had been a ship welder for 17 years, followed by 6 years of dismantling boxes and loading/unloading materials. The latter job required inappropriate elbow posture such as repetitive flexion and extension. The NCV study revealed slow conduction velocity of the right ulnar motor and sensory nerve, decreased action potential of the right hand intrinsic muscles and flexor carpi ulnaris. The simple X-ray film showed normal finding, but MRI showed a finding compatible with cubital tunnel syndrome combined with enlargement of the right ulnar nerve at right elbow, 0.6cm intraarticular loose body and medial aspect of the medial epicondyle of the right distal humerus.
CONCLUSION
We confirmed the diagnosis of cubital tunnel syndrome that was related to his packing job which had demanded repetitive flexion and extension of elbow joint. At the time of writing, surgery was being considered as appropriate treatment.

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Original Article
Epidemiologic Characteristics of Occupational Lung Cancer in the Busan area
Jung Il Kim, Jin Ha Kim, Dongmug Kang, Jung Won Kim, Jong Eun Kim, Jin Hong Ahn, Chang Hoon Lee, Hyun Jae Lee, Jin Uk Kang, Jin Kun Son, Jin Kon Sul, Young Ki Kim, Kap Yeol Jung, Joon Youn Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2006;18(1):53-58.   Published online March 31, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2006.18.1.53
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this study were to estimate the proportion of occupational lung cancer in the Busan area.
METHODS
Occupational physicians of four university hospitals operating an occupational disease surveillance system in the Busan area actively interviewed all of the newly diagnosed, lung cancer cases about their characteristics and occupational histories through a survey questionnaire and chart review. To evaluate and agree on the work-relativity, the cases were presented in periodic meetings.
RESULTS
A total of 301 lung cancer cases were interviewed, of which 50 (16.6%, all male, 27 probable and 23 possible) were related to occupational exposure. The exposure materials were asbestos, Cr, PAH etc. Pathologic findings included squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and small cell carcinoma.
CONCLUSIONS
The proportion of occupational lung cancer cases above the probable level was 9% and above the possible level was 17%. To develop the public health policy and to prevent further cancer death, the meaningful data from occupational cancer surveillance systems should be collected continuously for ongoing monitoring.

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  • Overview of occupational cancer in painters in Korea
    Jun-Pyo Myong, Younmo Cho, Min Choi, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Decision Tree of Occupational Lung Cancer Using Classification and Regression Analysis
    Tae-Woo Kim, Dong-Hee Koh, Chung-Yill Park
    Safety and Health at Work.2010; 1(2): 140.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Developing an Occupational Stress Scale for Korean Employees
Sei Jin Chang, Sang Baek Koh, Dongmug Kang, Seong Ah Kim, Myung Geun Kang, Chul Gab Lee, Jin Joo Chung, Jung Jin Cho, Mia Son, Chang Ho Chae, Jung Won Kim, Jung Il Kim, Hyeong Su Kim, Sang Chul Roh, Jae Beom Park, Jong Min Woo, Soo Young Kim, Jeong Youn Kim, Mina Ha, Jungsun Park, Kyung Yong Rhee, Hyoung Ryoul Kim, Jeong Ok Kong, In Ah Kim, Jeong Soo Kim, Jun Ho Park, Sook Jung Huyun, Dong Kook Son
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;17(4):297-317.   Published online December 31, 2005
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2005.17.4.297
AbstractAbstract PDF
BACKGROUND
AND PURPOSES: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and METHODS: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002- 2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Fortythree items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories.
RESULTS
We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

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Original Article
Factors Affecting Fatigue and Stress in Male Manufacturing Workers
Jin Wook Kang, Young Seoub Hong, Hyun Jae Lee, Byung Jin Yeah, Jung Il Kim, Jung Man Kim, Kap Yeol Jung, Joon Youn Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;17(2):129-137.   Published online June 30, 2005
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2005.17.2.129
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The aims of this study were to investigate the factors affecting the fatigue and stress in male manufacturing workers.
METHODS
A questionnaire investigating general characteristics, lifestyle factors, job characteristics, fatigue and stress was distributed to 896 subjects. From 851 respondents, 11 responses with insufficient data were excluded. The data were analyzed to investigate the factors affecting personal fatigue and stress.
RESULTS
Among the general characteristics, both fatigue and stress in the older group were significantly lower than in the younger group (p<0.05). Fatigue in the group with higher education was significantly higher than in the group with only high school education (p<0.05). The group who lived alone had significantly more stress (p<0.05). Among lifestyle factors, people who exercised regularly had significantly lower fatigue and stress than those who did not (p<0.05). Fatigue was negatively correlated with decision latitude, supervisor support, and coworker support. Stress was positively correlated with job demand and negatively correlated with decision latitude, supervisor support, and coworker support. Fatigue and stress were positively correlated with each other. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that among job characteristic factors, coworker support affected fatigue while job demand and supervisor support affected stress.
CONCLUSIONS
Fatigue and stress were positively correlated, but the job characteristics that affected each were different. This suggests that for effective management of fatigue and stress, the details of job characteristics need to be considered individually for the intervention and prevention of fatigue and stress.

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    Ho-Jin Park, Sung-Kyeong Park, Young-Chae Cho
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Case Report
A Case of Lung Cancer Caused by Long-Term Asbestos Exposure
Dong Young Yoon, Jin Wook Kang, Hyun Jae Lee, Jung Il Kim, Ji Eun Son, Kap Yeol Jung, Joon Youn Kim, Mee Sook Roh
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004;16(4):499-507.   Published online December 31, 2004
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2004.16.4.499
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
To report a case of lung cancer caused by long-term asbestos exposure in a shipyard.
METHODS
We evaluated chest X-ray, pulmonary function test, and chest CT and analyzed asbestos concentration in the lung tissue and bulk sample from the workplace. We also performed a workplace survey.
RESULTS
The patient had worked at the shipyard for 31 years. The biopsy samples were processed to determine the asbestos content in the lung tissue and bulk sample using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX). The TEM-EDX analysis revealed many asbestos fibers, the majority of which were amosite. In addition, the concentration asbestos fibers in the workplace exceeded the occupational exposure limits of asbestos.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings strongly suggest that this patient's lung cancer was related to the long-term asbestos exposure.

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    Byeong Ju Choi, Saerom Lee, Iu Jin Lee, Soon Woo Park, Sanggil Lee
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    Yoon Kyung Kim, Jeung Sook Kim, Yookyung Kim
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    Hye-Eun Lee, Hyoung Ryoul Kim
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S94.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Occupational disease surveillance system in Busan, Ulsan, Kyung-Nam area
Jung Il Kim, Byung Gwan Kim, Jung Won Kim, Chang Ho Chae, Cheol Ho Yi, Dongmug Kang, Ji Hong Kim, Jin Ha Kim, Young Wook Kim, Young Ha Lee, Ji Ho Lee, Younghee Choi, Jung Ho Kim, Hyung Ryul Yun, Cheol In Yoo, Baek Geun Jeong, Tae Won Jang, Yun Gyu Kim, Dong Young Yun, Jin Uk Kang, Jong Eun Kim, Jin Hong Ahn, Dong Joon Lee, Joon Ho Jang, Kwang Young Lee, Hyu Ran Song, Yong Hwan Lee, Byung Man Cho, Hong Ryul Choi, Sang Baek Koh, Euna Kim, Yu Jin Lee, Young Seoub Hong, Kap Yeol Jung, Jung Man Kim, Joon Youn Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004;16(1):1-12.   Published online March 31, 2004
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2004.16.1.1
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVE: Occupational medicine specialists in the Busan, Ulsan and Kyung-Nam areas established an area-based occupational disease surveillance system and used this system to collected case information for the purpose of preventing occupational diseases METHODS: 11 hospitals participated in this system. The authors selected five main diseases, which were hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS), work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WRMSD), occupational asthma, occupational skin disease and occupational lung cancer and established their case definitions. All cases were reported on the web, and real time analysis was conducted.
RESULTS
Between Apri1 2001 and April 2003, 192 cases of HAVS, 118 cases of WRMSD, 33 cases of occupational asthma, 17 cases of occupational skin disease and 17 cases of occupational lung cancer (for a total of 377 cases of these five main diseases) were reported. Most of the HAVS cases came from shipbuilding, and 172 of them (92.7 %) were associated with grinding. Of the four main types of WRMSD, carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) was the most prevalent with 46 cases and shipbuilding was also the main industry involved (83.9 %). The ergonomic risk factors involved mainly associated with the hand. In 19 (57.6 %) and 4 (12.1 %) cases of occupational asthma, the agents included isocyanate and welding fume, respectively. 64.7 % of the cases of occupational skin diseases were contact dermatitis, and organic solvents and welding fume were the main agents involved. The causative agents of occupational lung cancer included Cr, welding fume, PAH, Ni, etc. 10 (58.8 %) of the cases were diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma and 5 (29.4 %) as adenoma.
CONCLUSION
This result showed that an area-based occupational disease surveillance system might provide an effective method of evaluating the prevalence of such diseases, however the Busan, Ulsan and Kyung-Nam provinces are too large to be treated as individual areas. Therefore, the authors suggest that each province should establish its own surveillance system.

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  • Work-relatedness of lung cancer by smoking and histologic type in Korea
    Young-Il Lee, Sang-Gil Lee, Dong-Mug Kang, Jong-Eun Kim, Young-Ki Kim, Jong-Han Leem, Hwan-Cheol Kim
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2014;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Yeon-Soon Ahn, Min-Gi Kim
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Original Article
Effects of Health on Shift-Work: General and Psychological health, Sleep, Stress, Quality of life
Yoon Gyu Kim, Dong Young Yoon, Jung Il Kim, Chang Ho Chae, Young Seoub Hong, Chang Guk Yang, Jung Man Kim, Kap Yeol Jung, Joon Youn Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2002;14(3):247-256.   Published online September 30, 2002
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2002.14.3.247
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to investigate the effects of shift-work, in terms of general health concepts, insomnia, stress, quality of life and psychological health, at several manufacturing plants.
METHODS
Questionnaires were distributed to 850 shift-workers (study group), and to 550 non-shift workers (as a control group). The questionnaires included questions on ; general health concepts, insomnia, stress, quality of life and psychological health. 455 shift-workers and 372 non-shift workers completed the questionnaires, and the factors influencing the health status and quality of life in workers estimated by multiple iogistic regression analysis.
RESULTS
From the general health questionnaires, the mental health and health perception were significantly different between the shift and non-shift workers, with the better being former than the latter (p<0.05). Shift-workers complained of more insomnia when adjusted for age, working period, education and job satisfaction. Greater job satisfaction, was coupled with less complaints of insomnia (p<0.05). There were 200(43.96 %) shift workers classified as insomniac, whereas with the non-shift workers this figure was 84 (25.15 %), showing a significant difference between the two groups (p<0.05). Shift-workers were more stressed than the non-shift workers in their daily lives, which also showed significant difference (p<0.05). Less job satisfaction, was coupled with more complaints of stress (p<0.05). The quality of life of the shift-workers was lower than that of the nonshift workers (p<0.05). With the shift-workers complaining of more anxiety than the nonshift workers (p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that shift-workers suffer from physical and psychological distresses, sleep problems and stress than non-shift workers. Furthermore, it is presumed that these factors might negatively affect the quality of life of shift-workers. Accordingly, interventional methods for shift-worker's health and quality of life as a result of adverse effects of shift-work are needed.

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Original Article
Aluminum Clearance by Hemodialysis in Chronic Renal Failure
Joon Youn Kim, Ki Hyun Kim, Won Suk An, Tae Won Jang, In Sik Kim, Young Seoub Hong, Jung Il Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2002;14(1):78-84.   Published online March 31, 2002
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2002.14.1.78
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was carried out to investigate aluminum levels in blood and the factors affecting aluminum concentration; we also presented findings on aluminum clearance during hemodialysis in chronic renal failure patients.
METHODS
We selected 56 patients with case of chronic renal failure and 144 healthy examinees as a control group. We analysed aluminum concentrations in their blood, water and dialysis fluid.
RESULTS
The blood aluminum concentration in the 56 patients was 2.38+/-0.27 microgram/ dL , about 4 times higher than that of the control group (p < 0.01). Blood aluminum concentrations were not affected by factors such as creatinine, BUN, hemodialysis duration, iron, and drinking water. After hemodialysis, blood aluminum level were decreased by about 15% and the aluminum concentration in the dialysis fluid was increased.
CONCLUSIONS
Blood aluminum levels were significantly high in the chronic renal failure patients; and hemodialysis helped the patients to excrete aluminum. Authors suggest that a purified dialysis fluid containing a lower aluminum concentration would facilitate aluminum excretion in hemodialysis patients.

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  • Effects of Lycii fructus Water Extracts of Serum Enzymes Activities on Renin and Aldosterone Hormone in Aluminum Fed Rats
    Sung Hee Han
    Journal of The Korean Society of Food Culture.2015; 30(4): 468.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Two Cases of Neuropathy by Methyl Bromide Intoxication during Fumigation
Tae Hyuk Park, Jung Il Kim, Ji Eun Son, Jong Kuk Kim, Hyung Soo Kim, Kap Yeol Jung, Joon Youn Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2000;12(4):547-553.   Published online December 31, 2000
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2000.12.4.547
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
To report two cases of neuropathy due to methyl bromide intoxication.
METHODS
Workers, engaged in the fumigating process, complained fatigue, general weakness, ataxia, and hypersomnia. We evaluated them with blood tests, neurophysiologic studies and MRI and investigated their occupational history.
RESULTS
Increased signal intensities were found in the medulla oblongata and paraver mian of cerebellum in MRI and after 11 days, high signal intensities were reduced in the following MRI. In the other case, polyneuropathy and rlght lower brainstem lesion were observed In the NCV and BAEP studies.
CONCLUSIONS
We confirmed that worker's symptoms were related to methyl bromide exposure in the fumigation. It is necessary that we should evaluate present condition of fumigating process and prepare appropriate methods to protect workers engaged in the fumigation.

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  • A Case of Optic Neuropathy Associated with Methyl Bromide Intoxication
    Hyun Uk Shin, Jong Kuk Kim, Byeol A Yoon, Won Yeol Ryu
    Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society.2016; 57(12): 1987.     CrossRef
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    Soon-Chan Kwon, Soo-Yong Roh, Ji-Hoon Lee, Eun-A Kim
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2014; 29(Suppl): S78.     CrossRef
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    Yangho Kim, Kyoung Sook Jeong, Yong-Hun Yun, Myoung-Soon Oh
    Journal of Clinical Neurology.2010; 6(2): 64.     CrossRef
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    Seong-Kyu Kang, Eun A Kim
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S4.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Urinary hippuric acid excretion by intake of food and drink
Jung Il Kim, Tae Hyuk Park, Kap Yeol Jung, Hai Rim Shin, Joon Youn Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1999;11(4):516-526.   Published online December 31, 1999
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1999.11.4.516
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
Urinary hippuric acid levels have been usually determined to ' evaluate workers exposed to toluene. Food and drink intake could affect urinary hippuric acid excretion and this study was carried out to investigate what kinds of food and drink would affect urinary hippuric acid excretion.
METHODS
The subjects were 136 medical school students. Authors measured urinary hippuric acid levels three times from 10 a. m. to noon; before, one hour after and two hours after food or drink-intake, and they were asked not to eat from the previous night (9 p. m) of testing. We selected six diets (bread and coffee, brown sauce noodle, Korean style meal, noodle, pork'galbi and rice and soybean stew and rice), six fruits (apple, grape, orange, pear, persimmon and plum) and five beverages (Alps-D(R), Demisoda(R), Orange juice(R), Pear juice(R) and Pocari sweat(R)). Analysis of urinary hippuric acid was performed by high performance liquid chromatography.
RESULTS
Intake of popular Korean diets, fruits and some drinks didn' t affect urinary hippuric acid excretion. But intake of sodium benzoate-contained Alps-D(R) increased urinary hippuric acid excretion.
CONCLUSIONS
For the health examination on workers exposed to toluene, the history of diet and fruit intake can be negligible, but that of beverage intake should be included.

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Original Article
Study on Clinical Significance of High Signal Intensity by Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Mild Steel/Arc Welders (Clinical Significance of High Signal Intensity by Brain MRI in Welders)
Young Seoub Hong, Jung Il Kim, Kap Yeol Jung, Joon Youn Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1999;11(3):415-429.   Published online September 30, 1999
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1999.11.3.415
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was carried out to evaluate manganese exposure marker and the clinical significance of high signal intensity observed on brain magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) in mild steel/arc welders.
METHODS
Brain MRI, blood and urinary manganese concentration measurements, physical and neurologic examinations, questionnaire and biochemistry were performed on 53 mild steel/arc welders(exposed group) and 112 non-manganese handling productive workers(control group). We calculated the pallidal index, the ratio of signal intensity of globus pallidus to subcortical frontal white-matter on sagittal 71-weighted MRI. And we studied the relationships between the pallidal index and other measurements.
RESULTS
In 35(66.3%) exposed workers, high signal intensity were observed on the globus pallidus. Blood and urinary manganese levels were higher in exported group than control group. Pallidal index were significantly correlated with working duration, blood manganese level, urinary manganese level and positive rates of clinical symptoms and signs.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study suggests that high signal intensity finding on brain MRI may be considered as useful tool for the evaluation of workers who have manganese exposure.

Citations

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  • Occupational Neurological Disorders in Korea
    Eun-A Kim, Seong-Kyu Kang
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S26.     CrossRef
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