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Research Article
Workers’ experiences with compensated sick leave due to musculoskeletal disorder: a qualitative study
Min Choi, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, Jinwoo Lee, Hye-Eun Lee, Junsu Byun, Jong Uk Won
Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26:33-33.   Published online November 4, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-014-0033-0
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

The most common occupational disease that is compensated by Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance (IACI) in Korea is musculoskeletal disease (MSD). Although complaints about the workers’ compensation system have been raised by injured workers with MSD, studies that examine workers’ experiences with the Korean system are rare. This paper is a qualitative study designed to examine injured workers’ experiences with the workers’ compensation system in Korea. The aim of this study is to explore the drawbacks of the workers’ compensation system and to suggest ways to improve this system.

Methods

All workers from an automobile parts factory in Anseong, GyeongGi province who were compensated for MSD by IACI from January 2003 to August 2013 were invited to participate. Among these 153 workers, 142 workers completed the study. Semi-structured open-ended interviews and questionnaires were administered by occupational physicians. The responses of 131 workers were analyzed after excluding 11 workers, 7 of whom provided incomplete answers and 4 of whom were compensated by accidental injury. Based on their age, disease, department of employment, and compensation time, 16 of these 131 workers were invited to participate in an individual in-depth interview. In-depth interviews were conducted by one of 3 occupational physicians until the interview contents were saturated.

Results

Injured workers with MSD reported that the workers’ compensation system was intimidating. These workers suffered more emotional distress than physical illness due to the workers’ compensation system. Injured workers reported that they were treated inadequately and remained isolated for most of the recuperation period. The compensation period was terminated without ample guidance or a plan for an appropriate rehabilitation process.

Conclusions

Interventions to alleviate the negative experiences of injured workers, including quality control of the medical care institutions and provisions for mental and psychological care for injured workers, are needed to help injured workers return to work earlier and more healthy.


Citations

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  • Chairless Chairs for Orthopedic Surgery Purpose – A Literature Review
    Gatot Santoso, S. Sugiharto, Abdul Mughni, Muhammad Imam Ammarullah, Athanasius P. Bayuseno, J. Jamari
    Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences.2022; 10(F): 146.     CrossRef
  • Factors related to the physician and the employer influencing successful return to work in Korea: results from the first panel study of workers’ compensation insurance (PSWCI)
    Wanhyung Lee, Jin-Ha Yoon, Jaehoon Roh, Yeong-Kwang Kim, Hongdeok Seok, June-Hee Lee, Jong-Uk Won
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2015;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The effects of individual, occupational, and supportive factors on successful return to work using a structural equation model
    Jongin Lee, Min Choi, Sung Hye Park, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, Hye-Eun Lee
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2015;[Epub]     CrossRef
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  • 3 Crossref
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Original Article
Association between Job Stress, Psychosocial Well-being and Presenteeism, Absenteeism: Focusing on Railroad Workers
Inn Shil Ryu, Dae Soon Jeong, In Ah Kim, Jae Hoon Roh, Jong Uk Won
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2012;24(3):263-273.   Published online September 30, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2012.24.3.263
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to determine the current status of presenteeism and absenteeism among railroad workers as well as to investigate whether or not job stress level and psychosocial well-being status are associated with presenteeism and absenteeism.
METHODS
As the cross-sectional design, a self-reported questionnaire using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale(KOSS), Psychosocial Well-being Index(PWI), and Work Productivity and Impairment-General Health(WPAI-GH) was administered to railroad workers. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to analyze the association between job stress, psychosocial well-being status and presenteeism, absenteeism in 1,099 subjects.
RESULTS
Among the study subjects, 52.0% and 22.0% experiened presenteeism and absenteeism, respectively. Job stress level in railroad workers was higher than that in general workers. Multivariate logistic regression with presenteeism as the dependent variable showed an elevated odds ratio of 3.56(95% CI 1.48-8.54) in the highest job stress group, and an odds ratio of 3.20(95% CI 1.94-5.26) in the high-risk psychosocial stress group. There was no significant association between job stress level and absenteeism, whereas weak association between psychosocial stress and absenteeism was found.
CONCLUSIONS
Since railroad workers have a high level of job stress and elevated experience of presenteeism, a management strategy is required to control presenteeism and absenteeism in order to promote railroad workers' health and safety.

Citations

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  • Mental health shame and presenteeism: Results from a German online survey
    Christian Sander, Ezgi Dogan-Sander, Joachim E. Fischer, Georg Schomerus
    Psychiatry Research Communications.2023; 3(1): 100102.     CrossRef
  • Association between sickness presenteeism and depressive symptoms in Korean workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study
    Kyung-Shin Lee, Dong-Wook Lee, JooYong Park, Ho-Yeon Kim, Je-Yeon Yun, Yun-Chul Hong, Nami Lee
    Journal of Affective Disorders.2022; 319: 344.     CrossRef
  • Association between job-related stress and experience of presenteeism among Korean workers stratified on the presence of depression
    Jihyun Kim, Yeong-Kwang Kim, Sung-Ho Leem, Jong-Uk Won
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Exposure to Adverse Social Behavior in the Workplace and Sickness Presenteeism among Korean Workers: The Mediating Effects of Musculoskeletal Disorders
    Sookja Choi, Yunjeong Yi, Jiyun Kim
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2018; 15(10): 2198.     CrossRef
  • Job Stress and Presenteeism among Chinese Healthcare Workers: The Mediating Effects of Affective Commitment
    Tianan Yang, Yina Guo, Mingxu Ma, Yaxin Li, Huilin Tian, Jianwei Deng
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2017; 14(9): 978.     CrossRef
  • The impact of long working hours on psychosocial stress response among white-collar workers
    Kyungjin LEE, Chunhui SUH, Jong-Eun KIM, Jae Oh PARK
    INDUSTRIAL HEALTH.2017; 55(1): 46.     CrossRef
  • Converged Study of Influencing Factors on Occupational Stress in Workers
    Eun Kyung Lee, Jin-Hwa Park
    Journal of the Korea Convergence Society.2016; 7(3): 15.     CrossRef
  • The association between Korean workers’ presenteeism and psychosocial factors within workplaces
    Yun-Sik Cho, Jae Bum Park, Kyung-Jong Lee, Kyoung-Bok Min, Chul-In Baek
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2016;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Relationship between Job Stress and Organizational Effectiveness for Office Workers
    Yoo-Mi Chae, Jeong-bae Rhie, Sook Lee
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2016; 17(7): 389.     CrossRef
  • The Impacts of Job Stress and Job Embeddedness on Presenteeism among Container Terminal Workers
    Ji Hyun Lee, Eun Kyung Choi, Hyang Ok Oh, Hye Kyung Moon, Sang Min Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2016; 27(1): 31.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Co-Worker and Supervisor Support on Job Stress and Presenteeism in an Aging Workforce: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach
    Tianan Yang, Yu-Ming Shen, Mingjing Zhu, Yuanling Liu, Jianwei Deng, Qian Chen, Lai-Chu See
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2015; 13(1): 72.     CrossRef
  • The Relationships between Emotional Labour, Depressive Symptoms and Presenteeism among Counselors in Call Centers
    Jong-Tae Baek, Young-Chae Cho
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(6): 4086.     CrossRef
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  • 12 Crossref
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Original Article
Radiotechnologists and Radiation Exposure from PET and PET/CT Systems
Hoon Hee Park, Jeongbae Rhie, Pilkyun Jung, Jong Doo Lee, Jong Uk Won, Jaehoon Roh
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2012;24(1):86-95.   Published online March 31, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2012.24.1.86
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
In this study, radiotechnologists who work performing PET and PET/CT methodologies were analyzed in order to find the cause for the differences in radiation exposure as they applied to general characteristics, work characteristics, knowledge, and exposure recognition or conduct.
METHODS
From April 15th, 2010 to May 14th, 2010, we conducted a retrospective analysis on 80 radiotechnologists using data garnered from their individual general characteristics, work characteristics, knowledge, and exposure recognition or conduct. Their average annual radiation exposure dosages were measured using a thermoluminescence dosimeter. A multiple regression analysis was performed as a statistical tool.
RESULTS
Regarding the general PET and PET/CT characteristics, when the work experience was short, the exposure dose was higher. The factors of age, marriage, work experience in nuclear medicine, PET, PET/CT, and sex were found to have statistically significant effects. The knowledge, recognition, and conduct factors for the radiotechnologists were affected by unsecure radiation exposure at the moment of carrying, unsecure radiation exposure at the moment of injection, the application of protection at the moment of injection, and the use of auto distributor. It was found that, the use of an auto distributor, efforts in reducing the radiation exposure, unsecure exposure when with a patient, and the application of protective procedures at the moment of injection affected the overall factor of radiotechnologists radiation exposure dose.
CONCLUSIONS
We believe that if radiotechnologists would reduce their radiation exposure by using auto distributors, make efforts to reduce the chance of exposure, and be conscious of radiation, they would be able to reduce the radiation exposure dose even during unavoidable circumstances.

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  • Relating factors to wearing personal radiation protectors among healthcare professionals
    Yunjeong Heo, Hosun Chun, Seonghoon Kang, Wonjin Lee, Taewon Jang, Jongtae Park
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2016;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Comparative Study on the Radiation Awareness of University Students Gender in Chungbuk Area
    Jae-Seon Jang, Seong-Hee Hwang
    The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition.2015; 28(3): 486.     CrossRef
  • 69 View
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  • 2 Crossref
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Original Article
Factors for Approving Cerebrovascular Disorders and Cardiovascular Diseases as Work-related Diseases in Chronically Overworked Workers
Sang Chul Ryu, In Suk Kim, Jong Heon Lee, Jong Uk Won, Tae Won Jang, Young Jun Kwon
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(4):379-386.   Published online December 31, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.4.379
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to analyze the factors that affected the decision of claims for cerebrovascular disorders and cardiovascular diseases in chronically overworked workers, that submitted their claims after the reformation of approval standards in the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act on 1 July 2008.
METHODS
Of 2909 cases, who claimed between January 1. and December 31. 2009, 1046 cases were selected based on their worker's compensation record and investigated following 6 provincial committees for work-related diseases. The approval rate and odds ratio were analyzed with respect to the general characteristics, past medical history and work-related information using a logistical regression and Student t-test.
RESULTS
Of the 1046 selected cases, the approval rate was 18.5%(194 cases). In the multivariate logistical regression analysis, the factors for approving cerebrovascular disorders and cardiovascular diseases as work-related diseases were found to be the average working time over the last 1 week, occupational category, gender, age, death or survival, the presence of an associated disease, claimed province, and smoking.
CONCLUSION
Factors for approving claims of cerebrovascular disorders and cardiovascular diseases as work-related diseases were the average working time over last 1 week, gender, age, death or survival, claimed disease, presence of associated disease, claimed province, smoking.

Citations

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  • The effect of long working hours on cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease; A case‐crossover study
    Kyong‐sok Shin, Yun kyung Chung, Young‐Jun Kwon, Jun‐Seok Son, Se‐hoon Lee
    American Journal of Industrial Medicine.2017; 60(9): 753.     CrossRef
  • Long Working Hours and Work-related Cerebro-cardiovascular Disease in Korea
    Yun Kyung CHUNG, Young-jun KWON
    Industrial Health.2013; 51(5): 552.     CrossRef
  • 51 View
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  • 2 Crossref
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Original Article
Comparison of Cardiovascular Disease Characteristics According to the Employment Status among Emergency Department Patients
Jeong Bae Rhie, Inn Shil Ryu, In Chul Jeong, Yoo Seok Park, Yong Su Lim, Sun Hyu Kim, Jong Uk Won
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(2):164-172.   Published online June 30, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.2.164
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The object of this study was to indentify characteristics of cardiovascular disease in the employed population in comparson with the non-employed group.
METHODS
The study subjects were patients aged 20~65 from 3 university based hospital emergency centers and a structured questionnaire were used for comparing the characteristics of cardiovascular disease according to employment status. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the association between employment status and cardiovascular disease risk factors.
RESULTS
Among the patients, 573 people were employed (482 males, 91 females) and 251 were non-employed (117 males, 134 females). Compared to the non-employed group, the employed group was distinctive in that it contained patients of younger age, had a male dominant gender distribution, and a higher proportion of smoking and drinking patients. The employed group was less likely to be previously-diagnosed with diabetes, hypertension, chronic renal failure, cardiovascular disease, or cerebrovascular disease. The employed group was generally more stressed out but there was no significant differences in sleeping time. Infarction was more frequent in the employed group, but hemorrhage was more frequent in the non-employed group. According to the multivariate logistic regression analysis results, the odds ratio of drinking and stress was 1.89(95% CI: 1.25~2.86) and 2.68(95% CI: 1.80~3.99) respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Infarction was more frequent in the employed group. Drinking and stress were also more frequent in the employed group. The results of this study don't necessarily mean that stress and drinking are more important than other risk factors but, it means stress and drinking control are more important in the employed group compared to the non-employed group.

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  • The Factors related to Dyslipidemia and Hypertension among Male Office Workers
    Eun Kyung Lee, Ok Soo Kim
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2013; 25(4): 432.     CrossRef
  • 57 View
  • 1 Download
  • 1 Crossref
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Original Article
The Effect of a Stretching Exercise on Myofascial Pain Syndrome Patients in Small and Medium Sized Industries
Jung Wook Lim, Young Jun Kwon, Tae Won Jang, Jong Heon Lee, In Seok Kim, Sang Cheol Ryu, Jae Hoon Roh, Jong Uk Won, Bong Suk Cha, Chul Ho Lee
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2010;22(4):307-315.   Published online December 31, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2010.22.4.307
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to identify the effect of a stretching exercise on myofascial pain syndrome patients that work in small and medium-sized industry.
METHODS
Questionnaires surveys including general characteristics, work-related characteristics, and musculoskeletal symptoms on neck and shoulder area was administered to 393 subjects who worked in small and medium sized industries. Symptomatic workers were examined to identify whether they had myofascial pain syndrome (MPS). Of the 393 subjects, 108 MPS patients performed 6 weeks stretching exercise program. Intensity of pain was estimated with visual analogue scales (VAS). All patients were interviewed to estimate their compliance to stretching exercise program.
RESULTS
Of the 393 workers, 119 workers were diagnosed with MPS of the neck and shoulder. Post-exercise VAS was significantly reduced compared to pre-exercise VAS (p<0.05). High compliance patients to stretching exercise were more effective to exercise therapy (OR 2.89, 95% CI 1.19~7.04), and overtime workers were less effective to exercise therapy (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.17~0.95).
CONCLUSION
The Stretching exercise program was identified to be effective in MPS patients in small and medium-sized industries. It is recommended that workers with MPS in small and medium-sized industries practice a well-designed stretching exercise program, and avoid overtime work.

Citations

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  • Effect of Resistance Exercise Program for Middle-Aged Women with Myofascial Pain Syndrome on Shoulder Pain, Angle of Shoulder Range of Motion, and Body Composition Randomized Controlled Trial, RCT
    WonJong Kim, Myung-Haeng Hur
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2020; 50(2): 286.     CrossRef
  • Related Factors to Musculoskeletal Discomfort Symptoms on Some Middle·High school Teachers
    Jae-Yoon Lee, Byeong-Yeon Moon, Youn-Hong Jeong, Hyun-Kyung Woo
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2012; 13(1): 264.     CrossRef
  • The Effects of Stabilization Exercise and Stretching Exercise on Muscle Strength and Pain of Patients with Lower Back Pain
    Kwang-Il Kwag, Jae-Heon Lim
    Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology.2011; 9(2): 39.     CrossRef
  • 62 View
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  • 3 Crossref
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Original Article
Influencing Factors in Approving Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Diseases as Occupational Disease in Seoul
Tae Kyung Lee, Soo Geun Kim, Jong Uk Won, Tae Won Jang, Seong Sik Cho, Young Su Ju, Young Jun Kwon, Hyoung June Im
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2010;22(3):262-270.   Published online September 30, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2010.22.3.262
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to analyze the factors that affected the decision making process in approving workers' compensation claims for cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases cases that occurred just before refoming approval standards of Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act on 1 July 2008 and to provide fundamental information in preparing better standards.
METHODS
We examined 283 claims cases involving cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases that occurred between 1 January, 2006 and 31 December, 2007 and collected data based on the worker's compensation records from 3 Seoul Regional Centers of the Workers' Compensation & Welfare Service. We analyzed the approval rates and odds ratios according to the general characteristics, injury information, past medical histories, and work related information using chi-square or univariate logistic regression. In addition, we identified the factors affecting the approval using multivariate logistic regression.
RESULTS
Overall, 101 of the 283 cases were approved and approval rate was 35.7%. Approval rates differed significantly according to type of disease, survival, accident site, accident time, the presence of associated disease and overwork (p-value <0.05). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis with adjusted for age and sex, approval rate of death cases with associated disease was lower than cases without associated disease (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.12~0.42). Approval rate of cases occurred in worksite was higher than others (OR 4.81, 95% CI 2.22~10.40). Cases of accepted overwork had a higher approval rate significantly than cases of not accepted (OR 28.53, 95% CI 9.74~83.52).
CONCLUSION
Factors in approving cases of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease as cases involving occupational disease included conditions of overwork, high rate of accidents in the workplace and the presence of associated disease. It is necessary to investigate further behaviors of work and chronic work-related stress.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • The effect of long working hours on cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease; A case‐crossover study
    Kyong‐sok Shin, Yun kyung Chung, Young‐Jun Kwon, Jun‐Seok Son, Se‐hoon Lee
    American Journal of Industrial Medicine.2017; 60(9): 753.     CrossRef
  • 60 View
  • 0 Download
  • 1 Crossref
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Original Article
Area-Based Occupational Disease Surveillance in Incheon, Korea: Results of an 11-year Data Survey
Jeong Hoon Kim, Shin Goo Park, Jong Han Leem, Jong Uk Won, Sang Hwan Han, Soo Young Chung, Sang Hoon Kim, Hwan Cheol Kim, Yun Chul Hong, Cheol Woo Kim, Chang Hwan Kim, Dong Hyun Kim, Dong Hoon Lee, Seung Jun Lee, Young Joong Kang, Woo Seok Kwak, Jeongbae Rhie
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2010;22(3):183-199.   Published online September 30, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2010.22.3.183
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
Between Jan 1998 and Dec 2008, area-based occupational disease surveillance in Incheon was used to collect data on occupational diseases. The long-term data was used to estimate the scale of disease, to analyze disease characteristics, and to achieve surveillance in order to determine development tasks.
METHODS
For a period of 11 years, occupation-related disease surveillance was performed on an annual basis for employees of Incheon industries. All cases of occupational disease were reported by means of the Incheon Occupational Disease Information Network (IODIN) web site, downloaded, and analyzed, subsequently.
RESULTS
Between Jan 1998 and Dec 2008, 1577 cases of occupational disease were reported. Of these, there were 1043(66.1%) cases of occupational musculoskeletal disorders, 172(10.9%) cases of occupational asthma, 162(10.3%) cases of occupational dermatoses, 135(8.6%) cases of occupationally-related cancers, 30(1.9%) cases of pneumoconiosis, 27(1.7%) cases of toxic hepatitis, and 8(0.5%) cases of occupational neuronal disease.
CONCLUSION
In the Incheon area, small and medium industries comprise 99% of business. The composition of the industry by category, in Incheon, is similar to the country on the whole. In actually, the data on occupational diseases in Korea are almost workers' compensation data. Thus, the survey of occupational disease based in Incheon, Korea, can serve as an estimate of the trends and size of the occupational disease throughout the entire country.

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    Yun-Sik CHO, Jae-Bum PARK, Soojeong KIM, Kyungjong LEE
    Industrial Health.2019; 57(6): 721.     CrossRef
  • Work-Related Asthma in Korea - Findings from the Korea Work-Related Asthma Surveillance (KOWAS) program, 2004-2009
    Soon-Chan Kwon, Jaechul Song, Yong-kyu Kim, Geoffrey M. Calvert
    Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research.2015; 7(1): 51.     CrossRef
  • 54 View
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  • 2 Crossref
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Original Article
The Relationship between Occupational Stress and Burnout among Occupational Therapists
Jin Ju Kim, Jae Hoon Roh, Jong Uk Won, Sin Young Lee, Sei Jin Chang
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2010;22(3):173-182.   Published online September 30, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2010.22.3.173
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVE: A growing body of research has documented that occupational stress is associated with workers' adverse health outcomes such as mental distress, depression and burnout. This study was performed to identify the relationship between occupational stress and burnout among occupational therapists in Korea.
METHODS
A total of 226 occupational therapists registered in the Korean Association of Occupational Therapist participated in the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess demographics, subjective health status, work-related factors, occupational stress and burnout. Burnout was measured by Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Occupational stressors were assessed using 26-items of the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS-26(R)). This scale consists of items targeting at physical environment, job demand, insufficient job control, interpersonal conflict, job insecurity, lack of reward, organizational system and occupational climate. Simple and multiple regression analyses were performed to investigate the relationship between 8 occupational stressors and burnout, separately. SAS 9.1 version was used for the analyses, and a P<0.05 was considered significant.
RESULTS
The results show that all occupational stressors were associated with burnout after adjustment for control variables. Occupational stressors accounted for from 14.39% (p<0.001, organizational system) to 33.21% (p<0.001, occupational climate) of the variance in burnout.
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that occupational stress might play a significant role in increasing the risk of burnout among occupational therapists.

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    Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health.2023; 38(1): 75.     CrossRef
  • A Survey on Sexual Harassment and Countermeasures of Physical Therapists in the Workplace
    Hye-Jeong Jeon, Joon-Hee Lee
    The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy.2022; 34(2): 73.     CrossRef
  • Meta-Analysis of Factors Associated with Occupational Therapist Burnout
    Eun-Young Park, Claudia Hilton
    Occupational Therapy International.2021; 2021: 1.     CrossRef
  • The Influencing Factors of Gender Differences on Mental Burdens in Young Physiotherapists and Occupational Therapist
    Su-Jin Lee, Sang In Jung, Myung-Gwan Kim, Eunhee Park, Ae-Ryoung Kim, Chul Hyun Kim, Jong-Moon Hwang, Tae-Du Jung
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(6): 2858.     CrossRef
  • Assessing the correlation between the quality of working life and perceived stress in a rehabilitation hospital
    Bilge Kalanlar, Duygu Akçay, İlkay Karabay
    Working with Older People.2021; 25(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Self-Efficacy and Job Stress on Organizational Commitment among Clinical Dental Hygienists
    Kyeong-Jin Lee, Young-im Kim
    Journal of Dental Hygiene Science.2019; 19(1): 60.     CrossRef
  • The Impacts of Job Stress and Ego-resilience on Recovery Experience from Job Stress in the Container Terminal Workers
    Sang Min Lee, Hye Kyung Moon, Hyang Ok Oh, Eun Kyung Choi, Kyung Mi Woo, Ji Hyun Lee
    Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2016; 25(1): 9.     CrossRef
  • The Correlation Between Self-Esteem of Occupational Therapists and Their Empathy With Others
    Sung-Ho Park, Moon-Young Chang
    Journal of Korean Society of Occupational Therapy.2014; 22(1): 15.     CrossRef
  • The Relationship between Job-stress and Psychological-exhaustion of Counselors at Multicultural Family Support Center
    Kuk-Jin Seon
    Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information.2013; 18(7): 157.     CrossRef
  • A Study on Relationship between Recovery Experience and the Burnout among Hospital Nurses
    Chung Mee Ko
    Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2012; 21(2): 87.     CrossRef
  • Analysis of the Related Factors on Job Satisfaction in Nursing Officers Using the Structural Equation Model
    An-Sook Park, Young-Chae Cho
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2011; 12(10): 4502.     CrossRef
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Case Report
A Case of Silicosis and Pneumothorax in a Workplace Producing Dental Porcerlain
Youngjoong Kang, Won Jun Choi, Sang Yun Lee, Jong Wan Yun, Hyung Sik Kim, Jong Uk Won, Sang Hwan Han
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2010;22(1):58-63.   Published online March 31, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2010.22.1.58
AbstractAbstract PDF
BACKGROUND
Silicosis is more likely to occur in people working in the mining industry. However, workers suffering from silicosis have recently been reported frequently in other areas. We present a case of silicosis occuring in a 43-year-old man who had worked for 20 years in a workplace producing dental porcelain.
CASE
The man was admitted to the emergency room with acute chest pain caused by pneumothorax. Chest X-ray indicated numerous small opacities spread over the whole lung field and a large opacity in the right middle lung field. According to ILO classification, the shape of the small opacities was t/s, the profusion rate was 2/3 and the large opacity was classified into the B category. Following this diagnosis of silicosis, the patient's medical history and work exposure history were examined. According to his medical history, he had undergone closed thoracostomy in 2006 because he had suffered pneumothorax twice (in 2005 and 2006) and his smoking history was 7 pack years. In particular, he had been exposed to silica dust for 20 years in his workplace.
CONCLUSION
Despite the absence of any specific risk factor that caused pneumothorax, the patient suffered this condition three times. All clinical results and the progress of his physical symptoms, including radiologic findings from chest X-ray and computed tomography, clearly supported the diagnosis of silicosis. Except for exposure to silica dust in the workplace, no other risk factors causing silicosis were found. Therefore, he was finally diagnosed as having silicosis caused by exposure to silica dust in the workplace and followed by pneumothorax.

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Original Article
Job Stress as a Risk Factor for Occupational Injuries Among Employees of Small and Medium-sized Companies
Dal Young Jung, Jong Uk Won, Shin Goo Park, Sei Jin Chang, Hwan Cheol Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2010;22(1):37-47.   Published online March 31, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2010.22.1.37
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to investigate the association between job stress and occupational injury among Korean employees.
METHODS
The data was obtained from a work-stress survey that was administered to employees of small and medium-sized companies in Incheon, Korea. A four-month prospective follow-up study was conducted (the baseline study was conducted from September 2006 to October 2006, and the follow-up study was done from March 2007 to April 2007). A total of 1,241 participants (774 males and 467 females) were included in the analysis. A structured self-reported questionnaire was used to assess each respondent's sociodemographics, work related factors, job stress, and occupational injury. Job stress was measured using 24 items (7 sub-scales) of the Short Form of the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS-SF). Occupational injuries were assessed by self-report during the follow-up period. We estimated the relation of job stress to occupational injury using logistic regression analyses.
RESULTS
A total of 199 employees (16.0%) had suffered at least one occupational injury during the previous 4-months. After adjustment for confounding variables, the logistic regression analyses indicated that the groups with high stress as related to 'Job demand' (OR=2.23, 95% CI=1.61-3.08), 'Organizational system' (OR=1.63, 95% CI=1.19-2.23), 'Lack of reward' (OR=1.42, 95% CI=1.03-1.95) and 'Occupational climate' (OR=1.55, 95% CI=1.13-2.13) were more likely to experience occupational injury than the other groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results tend to suggest that job stress is associated with occupational injury. The importance of job stress should be acknowledged and stress management programs need to be started to minimize the occupational injury caused by job stress.

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  • The Relationship between Job Stress and Organizational Effectiveness for Office Workers
    Yoo-Mi Chae, Jeong-bae Rhie, Sook Lee
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2016; 17(7): 389.     CrossRef
  • Factors Associated with Work-Related Injuries of Nurses in Small and Medium Sized Hospitals
    Jee In Hwang, Eun Jeong Hwang
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2010; 16(3): 306.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Factors Related to Occupational Injuries and Health Problems for Some Female Workers in Non-standard Employment
Woo Jin Park, Hyoung June Im, Jong Uk Won, Sang Baek Koh, Young Su Ju, Jae Hoon Roh, Sang Yong Oh, Young Jun Kwon, Chang Kook Hwang, Jung Wook Lim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2009;21(4):301-313.   Published online December 31, 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2009.21.4.301
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to examine certain factors associated with occupational injuries and health problems for some female workers in non-standard employment.
METHODS
We enrolled 754 female workers that were selected from 1,040 people who had agreed to be surveyed as part of a group or company in either the Seoul and the Kyonggi area. We performed univariate logistic regression on survey data and again performed multivariate logistic regression on those variables that were statistically significant.
RESULTS
In this study, the overall incidence of occupational injury for all workers was 12.5%. The incidence rates by position were as follows: 12.9%(insurance saleswoman), 7.4%(telemarketer), 9.2%(visiting teacher), 22%(golf caddy). The most frequent complaint was lower back pain(12.8%) in insurance saleswomen, voice symptoms(37%) in telemarketers, knee and ankle symptoms(33.8%) in golf caddies, and voice symptoms(14.4%) in visiting teachers. The factors related to occupational injuries included job type, and age. The factors related to health problems were job type, psychosocial stress, accident risk, and social support. The percentage of the cases that occurred without fringe benefits including social welfare was 30.4%, and the percentage of "paid out of the person's own pocket" of ways to arrange costs of accidents was 32.5%.
CONCLUSIONS
In this study, some female workers in non-standard employment had relatively high level of occupational injuries, accompanied by various health problems. In these occupational classes, the conditions for social insurance and social welfare were poor. It is necessary to expand the application of social insurances including industrial accident compensation insurance. Regardless of job category, psychosocial stress and social support were statistically significant for many symptoms. We believe that measurement of these factors is necessary. In the future, additional studies are required with the use of objective methods for additional job categories.

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    Jiyun Kim, Sookja Choi
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    E. M. Wanke, A. C. Melander, D. A. Groneberg
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Original Article
A Workplace Cardiovascular Health Promotion Program and its Short-term Health Effects
Wooseok Kwak, Jong Uk Won, Jeongbae Rhie, Myoung Suk Lee, Eun Ju Kang, Jaehoon Roh
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2009;21(1):46-52.   Published online March 31, 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2009.21.1.46
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and a major source of workers' compensation claims in Korea. Since 2000 the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA), working through local occupational health institutions, has supported cardiovascular disease prevention programs at a number of companies in Korea. The purpose of this study was to assess the short-term effects of this effort.
METHODS
A total of 11,077 workers at risk were enrolled in the workplace cardiovascular disease prevention program and 5,902 workers (53.3%) completed the 1-year course during 2007. The program consisted of a medical checkup and health counseling for the workers by occupational health nurses. The guidelines for this prevention program were adopted from KOSHA Code H-11-2004. To determine the program's effectiveness, the workers' risks for cardiovascular disease were assessed before and one year after completion of the program.
RESULTS
The intervention led to significant reductions in the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures of 4.9 mmHg and 3.1 mmHg, respectively. Mean total cholesterol and BMI were also reduced significantly by 8.4 g/dl and 0.1 kg/m2. The rate of smoking was decreased by 6.0% and the percentage of workers engaging in regular exercise was increased by 23.1%. Of the 3,530 workers with the low risk and above, the overall cardiovascular risk was improved in 1,734 (49.1%) of them.
CONCLUSIONS
The cardiovascular disease prevention program supported by the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency reduces cardiovascular diseases risks among workers and may improve the health status of workers in Korea.

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    Kieun Moon, Ill Keun Park, Yeon Sang Jo, Yun Kyun Chang, Yun Mi Paek, Tae In Choi
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    The Korean Journal of Nutrition.2010; 43(1): 57.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Relationship between Job Stress and Turnover of Registered Nurses in a University Hospital
Eun Hee Lee, Sei Jin Chang, Hyun Ok Kim, Jaehoon Roh, Eun Jung Park, Jong Uk Won
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2007;19(2):93-104.   Published online June 30, 2007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2007.19.2.93
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to investigate the relationship between job stress and the type of turnover of registered nurses in a university hospital.
METHODS
A total of 553 registered nurses who left the hospital between 1994 and 2005 were surveyed, and aninterview record and self-administered questionnaire completed at the time of the turnover were used to assess the relationship. Job stress was categorized into four sub-scales (factor I: insufficient work authority and lack of autonomy, factor II: work overload and time urgency, factor III: interpersonal conflict and communication problems, and factor IV: role strain and ambiguity) using factor analysis. The type of turnover was classified into two categories: voluntary and involuntary. SPSS (version 11.0) was used for the statistical analyses.
RESULTS
The direct cause of the turnover was getting a new job, and the nurses in the voluntary turnover group were younger and less experienced than those in the involuntary turnover group. The discriminant analysis findings indicated that the determinant factors affecting the type of turnover were marital status, factor I (insufficient work authority and lack of autonomy), factor II (work overload and time urgency), educational background, and the intention to get a new job. Meanwhile, the voluntary turnover was associated with marital status (single), insufficient work authority and lack of autonomy, high educational background, the intention to get a new job, and low work overload and time urgency.
CONCLUSIONS
Job stress played a crucial role in the turnover of the registered nurses, and some job stressors such as insufficient work authority and lack of autonomy, work overload and time urgency were more related to the type of turnover. These results confirm the necessity for a management program or job redesign to eliminate or reduce job stressors which lead to turnover such as insufficient work authority, lack of autonomy, work overload and time urgency. Furthermore, greater opportunities need to be provided for developing their careers. Finally, further research is required to elucidate the specific job stressors affecting the turnover of registered nurses.

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Original Article
Urinary Excretion of Thiodiglycolic Acid According to Sampling Time in Workers Exposed to Vinyl Chloride Monomer
Hyun Soo Kim, Chi Nyon Kim, Jong Uk Won, Bong Suk Cha, Kyung Jong Lee, Jaehoon Roh
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2006;18(2):138-145.   Published online June 30, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2006.18.2.138
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The study was performed to investigate the changes of urinary thiodiglycolic acid (TDGA) concentration in workers exposed to vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) according to the time of sampling urine.
METHODS
The personal exposure to airborne VCM was assessed and urinary TDGA concentration was sampled in 31 workers employed in a VCM and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) manufacturing factory. Urinary TDGA was sampled three times: before the start of the shift after 3 days off (TDGA1), after the end of the first-day shift (TDGA2) and before starting the following day shift after completing the oneday shift (TDGA3). Urinary TDGA in 30 workers who had not been exposed to airborne VCM was sampled after the end of the shift. A gas chromatography/pulsed flame photometric detector (GC/PFPD) was utilized to analyze TDGA concentration in urine after the urine was methylated with trimethylsilyldiazomethane(2.0M in diethyl ether).
RESULTS
The creatinine level was 0.179+/-0.271 mg/g in the control workers and 0.218+/-0.443 mg/g in the workers before the start of the shift after 3 days off (TDGA1), showing no significant difference (p=0.7035). Urine samples were compared according to sampling time in order to investigate the change of urinary TDGA concentration in the case of continuous exposure to airborne VCM. In VCM-exposed workers, urinary creatinine concentration was 0.434+/-0.623 mg/g in TDGA2 and 0.767+/-1.056 mg/g in TDGA3, which indicated a gradual but significant increase (p=0.024). In terms of the statistical correlation between airborne VCM and urinary TDGA to evaluate exposure dose per day, of the three urinary TDGA concentrations, TDGA3 showed the highest degree of regression (R(2)=0.4215) with 8h-TWA airborne VCM concentration.
CONCLUSION
Based on this result, the excretion half-life of urinary TDGA was assumed to be less than 3 days, because the concentration of urinary TDGA at 3 days after exposure to airborne VCM was decreased to the level of urinary TDGA concentration in the control workers. The concentration of urinary TDGA increased in the case of continuous shift, due to the accumulation of residual metabolites of TDGA. It was considered that TDGA3 can be applied as a useful biological index to evaluate the exposure dose of airborne VCM during one day because TDGA3 showed the highest correlation with the exposure dose of airborne VCM in the previous shift day.

Citations

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  • Assessment of urinary thiodiglycolic acid exposure in school-aged children in the vicinity of a petrochemical complex in central Taiwan
    Po-Chin Huang, Li-Hsuan Liu, Ruei-Hao Shie, Chih-Hsin Tsai, Wei-Yen Liang, Chih-Wen Wang, Cheng-Hsien Tsai, Hung-Che Chiang, Chang-Chuan Chan
    Environmental Research.2016; 150: 566.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Analysis of the effect of job stress on occupational low back pain among shipyard workers using survival analysis
Dong Hee Koh, Hyung Ryoul Kim, Sei Jin Chang, Sang Baek Koh, Sung Kyu Kang, Jong Uk Won, Jae Hoon Roh
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;17(2):95-103.   Published online June 30, 2005
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2005.17.2.95
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
Occupational low back pain is a major cause of morbidity and the increases of medical and industrial costs. Efforts to control occupational low back pain have been largely unsuccessful, and further understanding of the risks including the psychological factors is needed. This retrospective study was designed to identify the effect of job stress on occupational low back pain among shipyard workers.
METHODS
The study group consisted of 976 male workers who were working at a Korean shipyard. A structured self-reported questionnaire was used to assess the participants' physical work factors, job stress and general characteristics. Job stress was measured using Karasek's JCQ(Job Content Questionnaire). Occupational low back pain was identified according to the NIOSH symptom survey criteria. Physical work factors were assessed using the Quick Exposure Check. Since the work duration can affect the relationship of physical work factors and job stress to occupational low back pain, we analyzed this association by dividing workers into two groups by work duration: 1) all workers, and 2) less than 5 years. Cox's proportional hazard model was used to elucidate the relationship of job stress with occupational low back pain in these two groups. Data were analysed with SAS 8.1.
RESULTS
In the all workers group, job demand, bending or twisting of the back, and carrying heavy materials were associated with an increased the risk of occupational low back pain. In the workers with less than 5 years work experience, people with high job demand were more likely to experience occupational low back pain than those with low job demand.
CONCLUSIONS
These RESULTS suggest that job stress as well as physical work factors can raise the risk of occupational low back pain. Especially, in the workers with less than 5 years work duration, job stress played a more crucial effect on the occurrence of occupational low back pain than physical work factors did.

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  • Which Personal and Organizational Factors Influence the Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction of Shipyard Blue-Collar Workers?
    Adela Reig-Botella, Miguel Clemente, Sarah Detaille, Annet H. de Lange, Jaime López-Golpe
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(8): 4849.     CrossRef
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    Keunja Jung, Soonrim Suh
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Original Article
Analysis of the role of social support on job stress and psychosocial stress in automobile factory workers using Structural Equation Model
Dong Hee Koh, Sun Sil Han, Hyoung Ryoul Kim, Sei Jin Chang, Sun Haeng Choi, Jong Uk Won, Jae Hoon Roh
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;17(2):79-84.   Published online June 30, 2005
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2005.17.2.79
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
Social support was previously regarded as acting only a stress modifier, but many recent studies have found a direct effect on stress. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of social support on job stress and psychosocial stress to determine whether it acts via direct effect or indirect effect.
METHODS
This study was performed in May 2003. The study population consisted of 425 male workers in an automobile factory in Korea. Data were collected with structured self-administered questionnaires. We used JCQ(Job Contents Questionnaires) to measure job stress and social support, and PWI-SF(Psychosocial Well-being Index-Short Form) to measure stress outcome. We analysed the relationships using Structural Equation Modeling software AMOS4.
RESULTS
It was found that social support acts both as a direct stressor and an indirect stressor via job stress. However the direct effect was double the indirect effect.
CONCLUSIONS
The direct effect of social support on stress was the more major. Therefore social support is an independent stressor rather than a stress modifier in automobile factory workers.

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    Minji Kim, Yangha Kim
    Frontiers in Nutrition.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Don-Gak Lee, Jin-Gun Kim, Bum-Jin Park, Won Sop Shin
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Original Article
Characteristics of Occupational Asthma Reported by Surveillance System in Incheon
Hyoung Ryoul Kim, Yun Chul Hong, Jong Han Leem, Jong Uk Won, Hyung Joon Chun, Jee Na Lee, Joo Yeon Shin
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2003;15(4):344-350.   Published online December 31, 2003
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2003.15.4.344
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was carried out to estimate the magnitude of occupational asthma and to determine its characteristics.
METHODS
We collected and analyzed 121 cases of occupational asthma reported by a surveillance system in Incheon for 5 years. The cases were classified according to industry and causing gent. We attached the data to worker's compensation records to establish the degree of agreement between the two sources.
RESULTS
The industry of musical instrument manufacture was the most common (31 cases, 25.6%), followed by furniture manufacture, dye making, and machinery manufacture. TDI was the most common causing agents (52 cases, 43%), followed by reactive dye, wood dust, and organic dust. There was poor agreement with the worker's compensation records (2 cases, 8%).
CONCLUSIONS
TDI and reactive dyes were the major materials causing occupational asthma. Most cases reported by the surveillance system were not applied to the worker's compensation system. Therefore, the surveillance system should be used to estimate the magnitude of occupational asthma and to determine its characteristics.

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  • Clinical Importance of Work-Exacerbated Asthma: Findings From a Prospective Asthma Cohort in a Highly Industrialized City in Korea
    Woori Jo, Kwang Won Seo, Hwa Sik Jung, Chui Yong Park, Byung Ju Kang, Hyeon Hui Kang, Seung Won Ra, Yangjin Jegal, Jong Joon Ahn, Soon Eun Park, Moon Sik Jung, Ju Ik Park, Eun Ji Park, Chang Sun Sim, Tae-Bum Kim, Taehoon Lee
    Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research.2021; 13(2): 256.     CrossRef
  • Work-Related Asthma in Korea - Findings from the Korea Work-Related Asthma Surveillance (KOWAS) program, 2004-2009
    Soon-Chan Kwon, Jaechul Song, Yong-kyu Kim, Geoffrey M. Calvert
    Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research.2015; 7(1): 51.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Pain Related Factors in Upper Extremities Among Hospital Workers Using Video Display Terminals
Hyoung Ryoul Kim, Jong Uk Won, Jae Suk Song, Chi Nyon Kim, Hyun Soo Kim, Jaehoon Roh
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2003;15(2):140-149.   Published online June 30, 2003
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2003.15.2.140
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was designed to quantify symptoms in the upper extremities and to identify the pain related factors among hospital workers using video display terminals.
METHODS
The subject-group consisted of 138 employees working at a hospital using video display terminals. A structured questionnaire was used to estimate the participants' general characteristics, and job contents. Job stress was measured using Karaseks JCQ(Job Content Questionnaire). Pain in the upper extremities was identified according to the NIOSH symptoms survey criteria. Quantification was measured using Kim Chul's method. Pearson's Correlation analysis was used to identify validity in quantification. VAS(visual analog scale) was used to compare with this method. Multiple regression analyses elucidated the relationship between quantified pain and various work factors, such as job stress. Data were analysed with SAS 6.12 program.
RESULTS
First, in quantification using Kim Chul's method, the correlation between modified PRS(pain rating score) and VAS was extremely high by 0.60(P<0.01), indicating the high validity of PRS. Second, the groups of high job demand, high job control, and females were related to an increased pain level.
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that the self pain assessment method, PRS, is valuable and useful in analyzing occupational musculoskeletal symptoms. High demand, job control and gender may influence the levels of pain. Prospective studies about musculoskeletal disorder are required.

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    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Kyoo Sang Kim, Min Gi Kim
    Safety and Health at Work.2010; 1(2): 158.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Analysis of Sufficient Conditions in Approving Cere b rovascular and Cardiovascular Disease as Occupational Disease
Jong Uk Won, Kook Whan Ha, Jae Suk Song, Jaehoon Roh, Hyung Ryul Kim, Dae Hee Lee, Kang Hee Lee
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2003;15(1):52-60.   Published online March 31, 2003
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2003.15.1.52
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to analyze the factors that affect the decision to approve workers compensation claims for cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases and to analyze the worker characteristics.
METHODS
Three hundred, sixty-nine cases were collected based on the workers compensation records of three Seoul and Incheon Regional centers of the Labor Welfare Corporation between 1998 and 1999. They contained the general characteristics, injury information and past medical histories. The x2-test and logistic regression were performed to investigate the factors affecting the approvals. Seventy-two survivors were surveyed by telephone for job stress. Job stress was surveyed in three parts: job demands, decision latitude and personal free time.
RESULTS
Of the cases, 167 obtained approval from the Corporation; the others did not. Regardless of approval, 62% of all subjects had more than one of the cerebral and cardiovascular risk factors. Especially, 53.9% of subjects had hypertension. According to the logistic regression, the fatal cases had a higher approval rate (OR=26.4, CI=9.13-76.22). The cases with working condition change (OR=6.5, CI=3.45-12.07), accidents on worksite (OR=4.9, CI=2.39-10.07), female (OR=4.0, CI=1.21-13.3), accidents at night duty (OR=2.9, CI=.156-5.39), cases occurring on duty (OR=.25, CI=1.34-4.72) and cases without past disease history (OR=1.8, CI=1.02-3.36) also had higher approval rates. Telephone survey found that the approval rate increased with decreasing freedom of personal time schedule. However, the logistic regression revealed that job stress didnt affect the approvals.
CONCLUSION
To prevent cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases, the most important aspect is to control hypertension which is the most common risk factor among the victims. Moreover, job stress and over working should be considered in the just approval of the workers compensation claims.

Citations

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  • Compensation for Work-Related Cerebrocardiovascular Diseases
    Jong-Uk Won, Inah Kim
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2014; 29(Suppl): S12.     CrossRef
  • Long Working Hours and Work-related Cerebro-cardiovascular Disease in Korea
    Yun Kyung CHUNG, Young-jun KWON
    Industrial Health.2013; 51(5): 552.     CrossRef
  • An Investigation on the Metabolic Syndromes and Health-Related Risk Factors among Male Workers
    Sun-Young Choi, Na-Eun Kang, Sung-Hee Kim
    The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition.2013; 26(4): 975.     CrossRef
  • A Comparison of the Recognition of Overwork-related Cardiovascular Disease in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan
    Jungsun PARK, Yangho KIM, Yawen CHENG, Seichi HORIE
    INDUSTRIAL HEALTH.2012; 50(1): 17.     CrossRef
  • Work-related Cerebro-Cardiovascular Diseases in Korea
    Dae-Seong Kim, Seong-Kyu Kang
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S105.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Cost-Benefit Analysis of a Factory Dispensary
In Keun Yoo, Jong Uk Won, Jae Seok Song, Jae Hoon Roh
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2001;13(2):190-199.   Published online June 30, 2001
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2001.13.2.190
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
We performed cost-benefit analysis to investigate the benefit of companies dispensary.
METHODS
We measured the cost and benefit of running a factory dispensary. This study focused on a factory with well arranged professional health-care staff. The study was carried out during 1995-1997. All the past values of cost and benefit were converted into present value. We used net benefit and cost/benefit ratio as determinants.
RESULTS
The net benefit of the object factory dispensary was -73,000,000 Won, and cost/benefit ratio was about 0.65. This result showed no profitability.
CONCLUSION
There would be limitation of generalization because this study included only one factory dispensary. As we did not consider many indirect benefits. the benefit portion might be underestimated. We should also think about the possibility of profitability. If one dispensary takes charge of two or more factories. then it can produce sufficient profit. With all of those efforts we dream the days of healthy workers will come.

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  • Economic Evaluation of a Workplace Occupational Health Nursing Service: Based on Comparison with Atmospheric Environment Managing Engineer
    Hye-Sun Jung, Bokim Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2013; 43(4): 507.     CrossRef
  • Introducing Economic Evaluation as a Policy Tool in Korea: Will Decision Makers get Quality Information?
    Kun-Sei Lee, Werner B F Brouwer, Sang-Il Lee, Hye-Won Koo
    PharmacoEconomics.2005; 23(7): 709.     CrossRef
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Review
Local occupational disease surveillance system in Korea: Current status and issues
Jong Han Leem, Seong Sil Chang, Seong Ah Kim, Jai Dong Moon, Chang Ho Chae, Yun Chul Hong, Soo Young Kim, Jin Seok Kim, Young Wook Kim, Sang Hwan Han, Hae Sook Lee, Jong Uk Won, Dong Bin Song, Eun Hee Ha, Seong Kyu Kang
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2001;13(2):101-115.   Published online June 30, 2001
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2001.13.2.101
AbstractAbstract PDF
No abstract available.

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  • Management System of Occupational Diseases in Korea: Statistics, Report and Monitoring System
    Kyung Yong Rhee, Seong Weon Choe
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S119.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Worker's demands and Group Health Service Agency's Intention for Worksite Medical Care
Jong Uk Won, Jae Seok Song, Seon A Jeong, Wha Mi Park, Jae Hoon Roh
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2001;13(1):87-95.   Published online March 31, 2001
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2001.13.1.87
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to survey worker's demands for worksite medical care and agency's intention for offering worksite medical care in Group Health Service Agency.
METHODS
One study subjects were employers, workers and office personnels in 167 factories. They were asked for medical care utilization behavior and worksite medical care demand. 121 employers(72.5%), 145 office personnels(86.8%) and 816 workers(60.5%) answered the questionnaire. The other subjects were doctors, nurses and administrators in 66 Group Health Service Agencies nationwide. They were asked for intention of offering worksite medical care in Group Health Service Agency through the mail survey. 31 doctors(47.0%), 38 nurses(57.6%) and 34 administrators answered the questionnaire.
RESULTS
87 percentage of doctors and 94 percentage of nurses had experiences of being requested to prescribe and laboratory examination. All nurses, 94 percentage of administrators and 76 percentage of doctors thought that it was necessary to give medical treatment at worksite. Also in worksite 85 percentage of employers, 86 percentage of office personnels and 81 percentage of workers answered that they accepted the worksite medical care when it would be given.
CONCLUSIONS
Worksite medical care should be permitted because almost of all workers and employers requested worksite medical care, and doctors and nurses in Group Health Service Agency were willing to give worksite medical care and there was necessity to prevent occupational cerebrovascular disease.

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  • The roles of doctors, nurses, and industrial hygienists in the healthcare management services in Korea: a comparison of the opinions of specialized health management institutions and entrusted enterprises
    Bo-Young Jang, Dong-Mug Kang, Young-Ki Kim, Se-Young Kim, Kyung-Sun Ko
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Original Article
The Effectiveness of Questionnaire Utilized for Screening Noise Induced Hearing Loss
Jae Seok Song, Byoung Soo Choi, Jong Uk Won, Jae Hoon Roh
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2000;12(4):473-482.   Published online December 31, 2000
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2000.12.4.473
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to investigate the effectiveness of the questionnaire.
METHODS
Workers'health examination records, work environment record, and questionnaires of selected industries as samples were analysed using logistic regression analysis and discrimination analysis Results'Cases of bearing impairment (Dl+C) as dependent variables, and age, work duration and level of environmental noise as independent variables were selected for multiple unconditional logistic regression analysis. Odds ratio was 4.04 in hearing difficulty, 2.78 in tlnnitus and 1.08 in age. In the second analysis Noise induced hearing loss is selected as dependent variable. The OR in hearing difficulty was 3.67(95 % C.1. : 1.61 8.61), and was 1.09(95 % C.1. : 1.05-1.14) in age. Conditionnal multlple logistic regression analysis was performed. In hearing impairment as dependent variable, the OR of age was 1.02(95 % C.1. : 1.00-1.04) and other variables were not significant. However, NIHL as dependent, the OR of hearing difficulty was 4.57(95 % C.1. : 1.43-14.67). According to multiple logistic regression adopting each items of questionnaire as dependent variable, the only item of hearing difficulty showed significant difference with hearing ability. The discrimination analysis was performed with the class variable of hearing impairment, and discrimination variables of age, work duration, and environment noise level. The sensitivity of 59 %, and specificity of 88 %, and average error count of 23 % were obtained. When the numbers of items answered in questionnaire were assumed as the parameter of judgement for noise induced hearing loss (NIHL), the highest sensitivity and specificity were 33.5% and 49.0% in cases of more than two items answered.
CONCLUSIONS
The development of items that is simple and discriminative mainly consisted of chronic and specific diseases related items is needed. Computerization for newly developed items might be needed to establish effective surveillance system for NIHL in the future.

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Original Article
Effects of transient threshold shift and ambient noise on sensitivity and specificity of first screening of special health examination for noise
Jong Uk Won, Moon Kyoo Bang, Joong Ho Song, Sedn Ah Jeong, Jae Suk Song, Jaehoon Roh
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2000;12(2):269-276.   Published online June 30, 2000
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2000.12.2.269
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECT: This study was performed to increase the sensitivity and specificity for screening the examinee of second hearing test.
METHODS
Study subjects were 219 workers who exposed more than average 80dB. They were taken the hearing test two times, before noise exposure and at 1 hour to 4 hours after worksite noise exposure. To investigate the ambient noise workers who were taken the hearing test in the test room which ambient noise was less than 45dB were classified Group I and the others were classified Group E. To calculate the sensitivity and specificity we made it gold standard whether worker had noise induced hearing loss.
RESULTS
Difference of hearing loss between before and after noise exposure for left and right ear was 11. 4 dB and 11. 7 dB respectively at 500 Hz, 8. 7 dB and 9. 6 dB at 1, 000 Hz, 6. 3 dB and 6. 9 dB at 2, 000 Hz and 6. 9 dB and 7. 4 dB at 4, 000 Hz in Group I. That for left ear and right ear was 5.8 dB and 4.9 dB at 500 Hz respectively, 5.4 dB and 6.4 dB at 1,000 Hz, 6.3 dB and 5.3 dB at 2,000 Hz, and 5.5 dB and 5.8 dB at 4,000 Hz in Group E. The sensitivity was 100 in both Groups and the specificity was increased to 58. 3 and 71. 8 in Group I and Group 3 respectively until 10 dB was deducted from hearing level at 1, 000 Hz and 4, 000 Hz.
CONCLUSION
When the screening hearing test was performed at worksite, we might deduct 10 dB from measured hearing level to increase the specificity without reduction of sensitivity.

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Original Article
Factors Associated with Patients' Willingness of Return-to-Work in Industrial Accident Hospitals
Duck Ki Go, Song Hee Yoo, Jaesuk Song, Jong Uk Won, Jaehoon Roh
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998;10(3):379-387.   Published online August 31, 1998
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1998.10.3.379
AbstractAbstract PDF
The purpose of this study is to identify the various factors associated with the patients' return-to-work. For conducting the study, 511 samples are selected from nine industrial accident hospitals. Questionnaire are patient's general characteristics. injury characteristics and job characteristics. These results can be summarized as follows. When industrial accident patients get older, have family members to be supported, are hospitalized for less than six months, have accidents caused by their mistakes, have worked in the construction and manufacturing industry, have worked a company with more than 300 workers, and have worked for six months~ two years or over two years, they tend to express stronger willingness of return-to-work. In face with the current drastic increase of economic loss from industrial accidents, it is required to be dealt with these factors in planning and managing the health care of industrial accident patients.

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  • Impacts of Return-to-Work Type and Period on Job Retention in Workers with Occupational Injuries and Diseases
    Inchul Jeong, Jae Bum Park, Hyoung Ryoul Kim, Jin-Ha Yoon, Jong-Uk Won, Jaehoon Roh
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Original Article
Evaluation of Dermal Measurement for Workers in Benzidine Dihydrochloride and Benzidine Based Dye Manufacturing Factory
Hye Kyeong Yeom, Jae Suk Song, Chi Nyon Kim, Jong Uk Won, Jaehoon Roh
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998;10(1):83-94.   Published online February 28, 1998
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1998.10.1.83
AbstractAbstract PDF
This study is performed to evaluate usefulness of dermal measurement of benzidine and benzidine based dye as one of the occupational exposure assessment method for these compounds. We selected one benzidine manufacturing factory and one dye manufacturing factory in Incheon area. Eleven workers were for benzidine manufacturing factory and twenty four for dye. We analyzed relationships among air level, amount on skin and concentration of urinary metabolites for these compounds. Airborne levels of benzidine and dye were measured by NIOSH 5509, 5013 methods. Amount of these compounds on skin was measured with skin wipe method. Concentration of benzidine metabolites in urine was measured by High Performance Liquid Chromatography after alkaline hydrolysis. The amount of benzidine on hand skin was 25.05( - 233.2) ng/ur, and the amount of the neck was 2.01 ( - 11.9) ng/cm2 in the benzidine dihydrochloride manufacturing factory. The amount of benzidine on hand and neck skin has positive correlation with concentration of urinary monoacetyl benzidine (r=0.644, p < 0.05) . The amount of benzidine based dye on hand skin was 55.75( - 457.7) ng/cm2, and the amount of the neck skin was 18( - 284.7) ng/cm in benzidine based dye manufacturing factory The amount of dye on hand and neck skin has positive correlation with concentration of urinary benzidine for dye workers (r=0.467, p < 0.05). When assessing the exposure of workers who deal with benzidine, the amount of benzidine on skin should be measured for an accurate exposure assessment.

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  • A work-relatedness assessment in epidemiological case investigation of occupational cancers: II. Practice: an upper urinary tract cancer in a dyer
    Kihun Kim, Hyeoncheol Oh, Jungwon Kim
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Original Article
In Vitro Study of Skin Penetration of Benzidine Using Excised Rat Skin
Ji Hyun Lee, Hye Kyeong Yeom, Chy Nyon Kim, Jae Seok Song, Jong Uk Won, Jaehoon Roh
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1997;9(3):430-438.   Published online October 31, 1997
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1997.9.3.430
AbstractAbstract PDF
No abstract available.

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Original Article
A Post-examination Health Care Status of Workers with Noise Induced Hearing Loss in Manufacturing Factories
Jang Sun Choi, Jae Suk Song, Jong Uk Won, Jong Du Kang, Bong Suk Cha, Jae Hoon Roh
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1996;8(2):272-281.   Published online September 30, 1996
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1996.8.2.272
AbstractAbstract PDF
The number of workers with noise induced hearing loss which comprise 56.9% in the total number of workers with work-related diseases in Korea of 1994, are becoming in position of the most serious problem. Periodic health examination system which was introduced for health care of workers on hazardous workplace has played important role in health care and the prevention of work-related diseases. The goal of periodic health examination may be obtained when we not only discover occupational disease, but also control them effectively. To study the post-examination health status of workers with noise induced hearing loss diagnosed from 1991 to 1994 in the periodic health examination, all 154 workers in 102 manufacturing factories in Banwol and Siwha industrial complex were reviewed. ' 1. Among 154 workers, 87 workers (56.5%) were changed to different department, 67 workers (43. 5%) remained in the same department. 2. Among 102 workplaces, only 23 workplaces (22.9%) 'had changed their working environment while 79 workplaces (77.1%) did not. 3. In this study, post-examination health care of the workers diagnosed as noise induced-hearing loss had significant correlated with the presence of health care manager, Industrial Health and Safety Committee in workplace and size of industry. The improvement of working environment is also closely related with the presence of health care manager in workplace. 4. Among 154 respondents, 3 Wkers(l. 9%) had received! compensationwhile 151; workers(98.1%) did not. 5. The reasons for not requesting the compensation were that 117 workers (77.5^) were ignorant of the administrative procedure for compensation, 30 workers (19.9%) were not sure of receiving compensation, 4 workers (2.6%) were busy. Considering the result of this study, we must establish the guide of management or contents of post management for noise induced hearing loss. To prevent the noise induced hearing loss, and protect the workers with noise induced hearing loss, education about post management is much required for employer and employee.

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Original Article
The Metabolism of Benzidine-based Dye Direct Black 38 in the Isolated Perfused Rat Liver
Jong Uk Won, Jaehoon Roh, Chunsung Kim, Younjung Park, Chi Nyun Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1996;8(1):59-65.   Published online February 29, 1996
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1996.8.1.59
AbstractAbstract PDF
Direct Black 38, a kind of benzidine-based azo dye, is widely used as a dye for fabric, leather, cotton, cellulosic material, paper, wool, silk, and so on. Benzidine-based azo dyes are proven as a mutagen and linked to bladder cancer. In 1978, Natonal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recommended that three widely used benzidine-based dyes (Direct Black 38, Direct Blue 6, and Direct Brown 95) should be treated as carcinogens. In this experiment, metabolism of the benzidine-based dye. Direct Black 38 was examined by using an isolated liver perfusion system. To measure the metbolites of Direct Black 38,/ 8.0 micrometer, 30.5 micrometer and 63,3 micrometer of Direct Black 38 was added into the recirculating perfusate of the isolated perfused rat liver. Samples were collected at 0, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90. 120 minute. They were treated with sep-pak and methanol, and the metabohtes were detected and quantified with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Residual non-reactive dye in the perfusate and liver was reduced to benzidine and then analyzed by HPLC. Detected metabolites of ?Direct^-Black 38 were benzidine, N-acetylbenzidine, and N,N'-diacetylbenzidine. The average conentration of benzidine was 0.1 micrometer and this concentration was maintained throughout the experimental period. The average concentration of N-acetylbenzidine was 0.22 micrometer and took the same pattern of benzidine. When 30.5 micrometer of Direct BIact 38 was added to the perfusate, only. N,N'-diacetylbenzidin.e increased slightly with time. From the above results we suggest that only small amount of Dirst Black 38 might be metabolized to benzidine regardless of the s, amount of the Direct Black 38. There are some possible explanations. The liver was damaged during the perparation. And the function of the perfused liver decreased rapidly because adsorbing of dye. The benzidine, acetylbenzidine and diacetylbenzidine metabolized to other metabolites were not detected in this experiment.

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  • Occupational Cancers with Chemical Exposure and their Prevention in Korea: A Literature Review
    Kyung-Taek Rim
    Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention.2013; 14(6): 3379.     CrossRef
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