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Case Report
Prostate cancer in workers exposed to night-shift work: two cases recognized by the Korean Epidemiologic Investigation Evaluation Committee
Sungkyun Park, Seongwon Ma, Hoekyeong Seo, Sang Gil Lee, Jihye Lee, Shinhee Ye
Ann Occup Environ Med 2023;35:e52.   Published online December 7, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2023.35.e52
AbstractAbstract AbstractAbstract in Korean PDFPubReaderePub
Background

In 2019, the International Agency for Research on Cancer re-evaluated the carcinogenicity of night-shift work and reported that there is limited evidence that night-shift work is carcinogenic for the development of prostate cancer. Therefore, in 2020 and 2021, the Korean Epidemiologic Investigation Evaluation Committee concluded that 2 cases of prostate cancer were occupational diseases related to the night-shift work. Here, we report the 2 cases of prostate cancer in night-shift workers which were first concluded as occupational diseases by the Korean Epidemiologic Investigation Evaluation Committee.

Case presentation

Patient A: A 61-year-old man worked as a city bus driver for approximately 17 years, from 2002 to 2019, and was exposed to night-shift work during this period. In March 2017, the patient was diagnosed with high-grade prostate cancer through core-needle biopsy after experiencing stinging pain lasting for 2 months. Patient B: A 56-year-old man worked as an electrician and an automated equipment operator in a cement manufacturing plant for 35 years from 1976 to 2013 and was exposed to night-shift work during this period. In 2013, the patient was diagnosed with high-grade prostate cancer through core needle biopsy at a university hospital because of dysuria that lasted for 6 months.

Conclusions

The 2 workers were diagnosed with high-grade prostate cancer after working night shifts for 17 and 35 years respectively. Additionally, previous studies have reported that high-grade prostate cancer has a stronger relationship with night-shift work than low or medium-grade prostate cancer. Therefore, the Korean Epidemiologic Investigation Evaluation Committee concluded that night-shift work in these 2 patients contributed to the development of their prostate cancer.

야간교대근무 근로자에서 발생한 전립선암 2례
배경
2019년 국제암연구소(IARC)은 야간교대근무의 발암성을 재평가하였고 야간교대근무와 전립선암이 양의 연관성을 가지고 있다고 보고하였다. 2020년과 2021년에 역학조사평가위원회는 두 명의 야간교대근무 근로자에서 발생한 전립선암이 야간교대근무와 관련된 직업병이라고 결론지었다. 따라서 국내에서 처음으로 직업병으로 인정된 야간교대근무 근로자에서 발생한 전립선암 2건의 사례를 소개하고자 한다.
증례
남성 근로자 A는 만 61세에 두 달간 지속된 찌르는 듯한 증상으로 비뇨기과를 방문하였고전립성특이항원 검사와 전립선 중심바늘생검을 받은 후 전립선암을 진단받았다. 근로자 A 는 2002년부터 2019년까지 시내버스를 운행하였고, 약 17년간 야간교대근무를 하면서 하루에 10시간 이상, 주당 6일간 업무를 수행하였다. 남성 근로자 B는 6개월간 지속된 배뇨곤란 증상으로 병원에서 중심바늘생검을 통해 전립선암을 진단받았다. 근로자 B는 1976년부터 2013년까지 시멘트 제조공장에서 전기기사와 자동화기기 오퍼레이터로 근무하였으며, 약 35년간 야간교대근무에 노출되었다. 근로자 A와 B는 전립선암 조직검사에서 Gleason’s score가 높은 공격적인 전립선암을 진단받았고, 업무 중 디젤엔진배출물질에도 노출되었다.
고찰
국제암연구소는 야간교대근무가 전립선암 발암성에 미치는 영향에 대해 제한적인 근거가 있다고 하였다. 이 외에도 2018년에 보고된 프랑스의 환자-대조군 연구는 긴 교대시간 길이(>10시간), 최소 6박 연속 야간근무, 장기간(20년 이상 또는 1,314일 이상)의 영구적인 야간근무가 공격적인 전립선암과 특히 유의한 연관성이 있다고 하였다. 몇 건의 메타분석 연구에서도 야간교대근무가 전립선암과 유의하다는 결과가 있었고, 특히 아시아 국가 남성에서 그 결과가 유의하다고 하였다. 또한, 디젤엔진배출물질과 전립선암이 유의한 연관성이 있다는 문헌이 일부 확인되었다. 따라서, 역학조사평가위원회는 두 근로자에서 발생한 전립선암에 대한 업무관련성의 과학적 근거가 상당하다고 판단하였다. 따라서, 야간교대근무가 전립선암 발병에 기여하는 위험성을 인지하고, 야간교대근무 근로자를 대상으로 작업시간 조절과 전립선암의 조기발견을 위한 적절한 건강검진 제공에 대한 고려가 필요하다.

Citations

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  • Relationship between non-standard work arrangements and work-related accident absence in Belgium
    Hanan Alali, Lutgart Braeckman, Tanja Van Hecke, Bart De Clercq, Heidi Janssens, Magd Abdel Wahab
    Journal of Occupational Health.2017; 59(2): 177.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Analyzing decline in quality of life by examining employment status changes of occupationally injured workers post medical care
Won-Tae Lee, Sung-Shil Lim, Min-Seok Kim, Seong-Uk Baek, Jin-Ha Yoon, Jong-Uk Won
Ann Occup Environ Med 2022;34:e17.   Published online July 18, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2022.34.e17
AbstractAbstract AbstractAbstract in Korean PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Background

This study aimed to investigate the decline in quality of life (QOL) by examining changes in the employment status of workers who had completed medical treatment after an industrial accident.

Methods

This study utilized the Panel Study of Worker’s Compensation Insurance cohort (published in October 2020) containing a sample survey of 3,294 occupationally injured workers who completed medical care in 2017. We divided this population into four groups according to changes in working status. A multivariate logistic regression model was utilized for evaluating QOL decline by adjusting for the basic characteristics and working environment at the time of accident. Subgroup analysis evaluated whether QOL decline differed according to disability grade and industry group.

Results

The QOL decline in the “maintained employment,” “employed to unemployed,” “remained unemployed,” and “unemployed to employed” groups were 15.3%, 28.1%, 20.2%, and 11.9%, respectively. The “maintained employment” group provided a reference. As a result of adjusting for the socioeconomic status and working environment, the odds ratios (ORs) of QOL decline for the “employed to unemployed” group and the “remained unemployed” group were 2.13 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.51–3.01) and 1.47 (95% CI, 1.13–1.90), respectively. The “unemployed to employed” group had a non-significant OR of 0.76 (95% CI, 0.54–1.07).

Conclusions

This study revealed that continuous unemployment or unstable employment negatively affected industrially injured workers’ QOL. Policy researchers and relevant ministries should further develop and improve “return to work” programs that could maintain decent employment avenues within the workers’ compensation system.

한국 산업재해 근로자의 요양 종료 후 고용상태의 변화와 삶의 질 저하와의 관계 분석
목적
산업재해 근로자의 요양 이후 직업 복귀와 삶의 질에 대한 사안은 이전부터 큰 사회적 관심사였다. 하지만 요양 종결 이후의 경제활동상태의 종적인 변화와 삶의 질과 연관시킨 연구는 거의 없다. 본 연구는 산업재해 후 요양을 마친 근로자의 고용상태 변화를 조사하여 삶의 질(QOL) 저하를 조사하는 것을 목적으로 하였다.
방법
본 연구는 2017년에 요양을 마친 3,294명의 산업재해 근로자를 대상으로 한 산재보험패널조사의 자료를 활용하였다. 우리는 이 산재노동자 인구를 근로 상태의 변화에 따라 ”고용 상태 유지”, ”고용에서 미취업 상태”, ”미취업 상태 유지” 및 ”미취업에서 고용 상태”의 4개 그룹으로 나누었다. 다변량 로지스틱 회귀모형은 기본 특성과 산업재해 당시의 작업환경을 보정하여 삶의 질 저하를 평가하는데 활용하였다. 하위집단 분석은 장애등급과 산업군에 따라 삶의 질 저하가 다른 지를 평가하였다.
결과
“고용 상태 유지”, ”고용에서 미취업 상태”, ”미취업 상태 유지” 및 ”미취업에서 고용 상태” 그룹의 삶의 질 감소 비율은 각각 15.3%, 28.1%, 20.2%, 그리고 11.9%이었다. 고용 상태를 유지한 그룹을 기준으로 하였을 때 사회경제적 상태와 근로환경을 보정한 결과 “고용에서 미취업 상태” 집단과 “미취업 상태 유지” 집단의 삶의 질 하락의 오즈비는 2.13 (95% 신뢰구간: 1.51–3.01)과 1.47로 분석되었다. (95% 신뢰구간: 1.13–1.90). "미취업에서 고용 상태" 그룹은 유의하지 않은 오즈비 0.76(95% 신뢰구간: 0.54–1.07)을 가졌다.
결론
본 연구에서는 지속적인 실업과 불안정한 고용이 산업재해 근로자의 삶의 질에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 높은 장해등급, 건설업종의 경우 위험성이 더 높다. 정책 연구자와 관련 부처는 산업재해 보상 시스템 내에서 적절한 고용 수단을 유지할 수 있는 프로그램의 개발 노력이 필요함을 시사한다.

Citations

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  • Work Performance Among Workers without Disabilities after Industrial Accidents: A Longitudinal Study
    Chong Min Hong
    The Open Public Health Journal.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Self-Esteem Trajectories After Occupational Injuries and Diseases and Their Relation to Changes in Subjective Health: Result From the Panel Study of Workers’ Compensation Insurance (PSWCI)
    Seong-Uk Baek, Won-Tae Lee, Min-Seok Kim, Myeong-Hun Lim, Jin-Ha Yoon, Jong-Uk Won
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Macro Aspect of Quality of Life Can Be Affected by Occupational Accidents, a Macro Vision for Managers
    Farahnaz Khajehnasiri, Vida Zaroushani
    Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology.2023; 12(3): 130.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and Consequences of Verbal Aggression among Bank Workers: A Survey into an Italian Banking Institution
    Daniela Acquadro Maran, Antonella Varetto, Cristina Civilotti, Nicola Magnavita
    Administrative Sciences.2022; 12(3): 78.     CrossRef
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Research Article
The characteristics of asbestos-related disease claims made to the Korea Workers’ Compensation and Welfare Service (KCOMWEL) from 2011 to 2015
Yon Soo An, Hyung Doo Kim, Hyeoung Cheol Kim, Kyoung Sook Jeong, Yeon Soon Ahn
Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:45.   Published online July 11, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0256-6
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

This study aimed to enhance understanding of the epidemiologic characteristics of asbestos-related diseases, and to provide information that could inform policy-making aimed at prevention and compensation for occupational asbestos exposure, through analyzing asbestos-related occupational disease claims to Korea Workers’ Compensation and Welfare Service from 2011 to 2015.

Methods

We analyzed 113 workers who filed medical care claims or survivor benefits for asbestos exposure and occupational-related disease from 2011 to 2015. Among these claims, we selected approved workers’ compensation claims relating to malignant mesothelioma and lung cancer, and analyzed the general characteristics, exposure characteristics, pathological characteristics, and occupation and industry distribution.

Results

Malignant mesothelioma and lung cancer occurred predominantly in males at 89.7 and 94%, respectively. The mean age at the time of diagnosis for malignant mesothelioma and lung cancer was 59.5 and 59.7 years, respectively, while the latency period for malignant mesothelioma and lung cancer was 34.1 and 33.1 years, respectively. The companies involving exposed workers were most commonly situated within the Busan-Ulsan-Gyeongnam region. Histology results for lung cancer indicated adenocarcinoma as the most common form, accounting for approximately one half of all claims, followed by squamous cell carcinoma, and small cell lung cancer. The most common occupation type was construction in respect of malignant mesothelioma, and shipbuilding in respect of lung cancer.

Conclusions

Considering the long latency period of asbestos and that the peak period of asbestos use in Korea was throughout the mid-1990s, damage due to asbestos-related diseases is expected to show a continued long-term increase. Few studies providing an epidemiologic analysis of asbestos-related diseases are available; therefore, this study may provide baseline data to assist in predicting and preparing for future harm due to asbestos exposure.

Trial registration

DUIH 2018–02–004-001. Registered 28 Februrary 2018.


Citations

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    Paul J Nicholson
    Occupational Medicine.2024; 74(4): 260.     CrossRef
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    Yawen Cheng, Yi-Ling Huang, Lukas Jyuhn-Hsiarn Lee
    NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy.2022; 32(2): 106.     CrossRef
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    Eun-A Kim
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(20): 10682.     CrossRef
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    Min-Sung Kang, Sung-Soo Lee, Soon-Chan Kwon, Da-An Huh, Yong-Jin Lee
    Applied Sciences.2021; 11(20): 9713.     CrossRef
  • The Epidemiologic Characteristics of Malignant Mesothelioma Cases in Korea: Findings of the Asbestos Injury Relief System from 2011–2015
    Soon-Chan Kwon, Sung-Soo Lee, Min-Sung Kang, Da-An Huh, Yong-Jin Lee
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(19): 10007.     CrossRef
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    BMC Research Notes.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Research Article
Probability of causation for occupational cancer after exposure to ionizing radiation
Eun-A Kim, Eujin Lee, Seong-Kyu Kang, Meeseon Jeong
Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:3.   Published online January 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0220-5
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

Probability of causation (PC) is a reasonable way to estimate causal relationships in radiation-related cancer. This study reviewed the international trend, usage, and critiques of the PC method. Because it has been used in Korea, it is important to check the present status and estimation of PC in radiation-related cancers in Korea.

Methods

Research articles and official reports regarding PC of radiation-related cancer and published from the 1980s onwards were reviewed, including studies used for the revision of the Korean PC program. PC has been calculated for compensation-related cases in Korea since 2005.

Results

The United States National Institutes of Health first estimated the PC in 1985. Among the 106 occupational diseases listed in the International Labor Organization Recommendation 194 (International Labor Office (ILO), ILO List of Occupational Diseases, 2010), PC is available only for occupational cancer after ionizing radiation exposure. The United States and United Kingdom use PC as specific criteria for decisions on the compensability of workers’ radiation-related health effects. In Korea, PC was developed firstly as Korean Radiation Risk and Assigned Share (KORRAS) in 1999. In 2015, the Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute and Radiation Health Research Institute jointly developed a more revised PC program, Occupational Safety and Health-PC (OSH-PC). Between 2005 and 2015, PC was applied in 16 claims of workers’ compensation for radiation-related cancers. In most of the cases, compensation was given when the PC was more than 50%. However, in one case, lower than 50% PC was accepted considering the possibility of underestimation of the cumulative exposure dose.

Conclusions

PC is one of the most advanced tools for estimating the causation of occupational cancer. PC has been adjusted for baseline cancer incidence in Korean workers, and for uncertainties using a statistical method. Because the fundamental reason for under- or over-estimation is probably inaccurate dose reconstruction, a proper guideline is necessary.


Citations

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  • Assessment of risks for breast cancer in a flight attendant exposed to night shift work and cosmic ionizing radiation: a case report
    Dong Joon Park, Sungkyun Park, Seong Won Ma, Hoekyeong Seo, Sang Gil Lee, Kyung-Eun Lee
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Shinji YOSHINAGA
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    Ji-Sung Ahn, Jai-Dong Moon, Wonyang Kang, Hyeong-Min Lim, Seunghyeon Cho, Dae-Young Lim, Won-Ju Park
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Research Article
Does formaldehyde have a causal association with nasopharyngeal cancer and leukaemia?
Soon-Chan Kwon, Inah Kim, Jaechul Song, Jungsun Park
Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:5.   Published online January 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0218-z
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

The South Korean criteria for occupational diseases were amended in July 2013. These criteria included formaldehyde as a newly defined occupational carcinogen, based on cases of “leukemia or nasopharyngeal cancer caused by formaldehyde exposure”. This inclusion was based on the Internal Agency for Research on Cancer classification, which classified formaldehyde as definite human carcinogen for nasopharyngeal cancer in 2004 and leukemia in 2012.

Methods

We reviewed reports regarding the causal relationship between occupational exposure to formaldehyde in Korea and the development of these cancers, in order to determine whether these cases were work-related.

Results

Previous reports regarding excess mortality from nasopharyngeal cancer caused by formaldehyde exposure seemed to be influenced by excess mortality from a single plant. The recent meta-risk for nasopharyngeal cancer was significantly increased in case-control studies, but was null for cohort studies (excluding unexplained clusters of nasopharyngeal cancers). A recent analysis of the largest industrial cohort revealed elevated risks of both leukemia and Hodgkin lymphoma at the peak formaldehyde exposure, and both cancers exhibited significant dose-response relationships. A nested case-control study of embalmers revealed that mortality from myeloid leukemia increased significantly with increasing numbers of embalms and with increasing formaldehyde exposure. The recent meta-risks for all leukemia and myeloid leukemia increased significantly. In South Korea, a few cases were considered occupational cancers as a result of mixed exposures to various chemicals (e.g., benzene), although no cases were compensated for formaldehyde exposure. The peak formaldehyde exposure levels in Korea were 2.70–14.8 ppm in a small number of specialized studies, which considered anatomy students, endoscopy employees who handled biopsy specimens, and manufacturing workers who were exposed to high temperatures.

Conclusion

Additional evidence is needed to confirm the relationship between formaldehyde exposure and nasopharyngeal cancer. All lymphohematopoietic malignancies, including leukemia, should be considered in cases with occupational formaldehyde exposure.


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Short Communication
Environmental health centers for asbestos and their health impact surveys and activities
Dong-Mug Kang, Jong-Eun Kim, Yong-Jin Lee, Hyun-Hee Lee, Chang-yeol Lee, Seong-Jae Moon, Min-Sung Kang
Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:68.   Published online December 1, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0154-8
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

In 2009, Korea banned the import, transport, and use of asbestos, and the Asbestos Injury Relief Act (AIRA) was promulgated in 2011. Two environmental health centers for asbestos (EHCA), including Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital (PNUYH) and SoonChunHyang University Cheonan Hospital (SCHUCH), were adapted to find environmental asbestos-related diseases (ARDs) and to support the purposes of AIRA. EHCA conducted a health impact survey (HIS) on persons who resided or reside near asbestos factories or mines. A total of 13,433 persons have taken screening examinations in PNUYH EHCA, and 623 persons (4.6%) have had secondary examinations. Of the 21,014 persons who had screening examinations in SCHUCH EHCA, 2490 persons (11.8%) had secondary examinations. Some of those who tested positive for ARDs through HISs filed applications for the asbestos victims’ medical pocketbook (AVMP). Approximately 116 and 612 persons received AVMPs as a result of PNUYH and SCHUCH examinees, respectively. EHCAs have conducted HISs, public relations, and education for asbestos victims, ordinary citizens, and physicians. As HISs are based on voluntary participation, they does not monitor high-risk groups. Active surveillance focusing on high-risk groups has been blocked by the personal information protection act. Although important work has been performed in finding environmental asbestos victims and increasing public awareness on asbestos, it is necessary to improve the current system and registration.


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  • Air pollution and survival in patients with malignant mesothelioma and asbestos-related lung cancer: a follow-up study of 1591 patients in South Korea
    Da-An Huh, Yun-Hee Choi, Lita Kim, Kangyeon Park, Jiyoun Lee, Se Hyun Hwang, Kyong Whan Moon, Min-Sung Kang, Yong-Jin Lee
    Environmental Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Occupational and Environmental Asbestos Exposure and Survival of Patients with Asbestos-Related Cancer: A Follow-Up Study on Patients with Malignant Mesothelioma and Asbestos-Related Lung Cancer in Korea
    Min-Sung Kang, Woo-Ri Chae, Yong-Jin Lee, Kyong Whan Moon
    Toxics.2023; 12(1): 20.     CrossRef
  • Disease Latency according to Asbestos Exposure Characteristics among Malignant Mesothelioma and Asbestos-Related Lung Cancer Cases in South Korea
    Da-An Huh, Woo-Ri Chae, Yun-Hee Choi, Min-Sung Kang, Yong-Jin Lee, Kyong-Whan Moon
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(23): 15934.     CrossRef
  • Occupational and environmental asbestos exposure and the risk of lung cancer in Korea: A case-control study in South Chungcheong Province of Korea
    Da-An Huh, Min-Sung Kang, Jiyun Lee, Ji Yoon Choi, Kyong Whan Moon, Yong-Jin Lee, Flavio Manoel Rodrigues Da Silva Júnior
    PLOS ONE.2021; 16(4): e0249790.     CrossRef
  • Development of Nationwide Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk Evaluation Methods with Comprehensive Past Asbestos Exposure Reconstruction
    Dongmug Kang, Seung Ho Lee, Yoon Ji Kim, Tae Kyoung Kim, Ju Young Kim, Youngki Kim
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(6): 2819.     CrossRef
  • Epidemiological Findings on Health Effects of Environmental Exposure to Airborne Asbestos
    Hideki Hasunuma, Masayuki Shima
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  • Relationships of Lower Lung Fibrosis, Pleural Disease, and Lung Mass with Occupational, Household, Neighborhood, and Slate Roof-Dense Area Residential Asbestos Exposure
    Dongmug Kang, Yu-Young Kim, Minseung Shin, Min-Su Lee, Hee-Joo Bae, Se-Yeong Kim, Young-Ki Kim
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2018; 15(8): 1638.     CrossRef
  • Monitoring and Simulating Environmental Asbestos Dispersion from a Textile Factory
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  • Occupational Burden of Asbestos-Related Diseases in Korea, 1998–2013: Asbestosis, Mesothelioma, Lung Cancer, Laryngeal Cancer, and Ovarian Cancer
    Dong-Mug Kang, Jong-Eun Kim, Young-Ki Kim, Hyun-Hee Lee, Se-Yeong Kim
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2018; 15(2): 198.     CrossRef
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Research Article
Factors related to the physician and the employer influencing successful return to work in Korea: results from the first panel study of workers’ compensation insurance (PSWCI)
Wanhyung Lee, Jin-Ha Yoon, Jaehoon Roh, Yeong-Kwang Kim, Hongdeok Seok, June-Hee Lee, Jong-Uk Won
Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:27.   Published online December 11, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0076-x
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

This study aims to investigate associated factors including the physician and the employer of successful return to work (RTW) in occupationally injured workers.

Methods

This study is based on the first panel study of workers’ compensation insurance (PSWCI), published in June 2014. The PSWCI is a sample survey of occupationally injured workers who completed medical care in 2012 (89,921 people). A total of 2000 subjects were sampled based on sex, age, nine metropolitan-based regions, disability ratings, duration of rehabilitation, and whether vocational rehabilitation service was used. We divided the study population into two groups: return to work (RTW) group (job retention, reemployment, unpaid family worker, and self-employment), and non-RTW group (joblessness and economical inactivity). The odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) related to differences in basic characteristics, part of physician and employer-related factors between those who succeeded to RTW and those who did not were measured using multivariable logistic regression model.

Results

The success of RTW is 70.6 % (n = 1412) among participants. The ORs (95 % CI) of the participants belonging to RTW who received periodic recovery assessment from the medical care institution and the physician are 1.51 (1.07–2.13). The ORs (95 % CI) are 1.68 (1.05–2.69) for the RTW group who received work ability assessment and referral for vocational return. When the employer maintains the relationship with the occupationally injured worker, the worker has 1.39 times higher odds (95 % CI: 1.41–2.26) of the RTW group compared to the non-RTW group.

Conclusions

The physician and the employer have a significant impact on the RTW.


Citations

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  • Relationship between workers’ return to work, job retention and income in industrial accidents in Korea: a longitudinal study
    Suk Won Bae, Inchul Jeong, Jin-Ha Yoon, Seung Wook Lee, Tae Hyun Kim, Jong-Uk Won
    BMJ Open.2021; 11(4): e039948.     CrossRef
  • Effect of professional certification on employees’ return-to-work rate after occupational injuries in Korea: focusing on vulnerable groups
    Suk Won Bae
    Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Influence of Social Support and Social Integration Factors on Return to Work Outcomes for Individuals with Work-Related Injuries: A Systematic Review
    Codi White, Rebecca A. Green, Samantha Ferguson, Sarah L. Anderson, Caroline Howe, Jing Sun, Nicholas Buys
    Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation.2019; 29(3): 636.     CrossRef
  • Changes in Income after an Industrial Accident According to Industry and Return-to-Work Status
    Suk Won Bae, Sarah Soyeon Oh, Wha Me Park, Jaehoon Roh, Jong-Uk Won
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2019; 16(14): 2603.     CrossRef
  • Income Changes Due to Disability Ratings and Participation in Economic Activities Caused by Industrial Accidents: A Population-Based Study of Data from the Fourth Panel Study of Workers’ Compensation Insurance (PSWCI)
    Suk Won Bae, Sehyun Yun, Ye Seol Lee, Jin-Ha Yoon, Jaehoon Roh, Jong-Uk Won
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2018; 15(11): 2478.     CrossRef
  • Prediction of Return-to-original-work after an Industrial Accident Using Machine Learning and Comparison of Techniques
    Jongin Lee, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Research Article
The effects of individual, occupational, and supportive factors on successful return to work using a structural equation model
Jongin Lee, Min Choi, Sung Hye Park, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, Hye-Eun Lee
Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:21.   Published online August 28, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0070-3
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

We aimed to ascertain the relationship between several factors and successful return to work using a structural equation model.

Methods

We used original data from the Panel Study of Worker’s Compensation Insurance, and defined four latent variables as occupational, individual, supportive, and successful return to work. Each latent variable was defined by its observed variables, including age, workplace size, and quality of the medical services. A theoretical model in which all latent variables had a relationship was suggested. After examining the model, we modified some pathways that were not significant or did not fit, and selected a final structural equation model that had the highest goodness of fit.

Results

All three latent variables (occupational, individual, and supportive) showed statistically significant relationships with successful return to work. The occupational and supportive factors had relationships with each other, but there was no relationship between individual and the other factors. Nearly all observed variables had significance with their latent variables. The correlation coefficients from the latent variables to successful return to work were statistically significant and the indices for goodness of fit were satisfactory. In particular, four observed variables—handicap level, duration of convalescence, working duration, and support from the company—showed construct validities with high correlation coefficients.

Conclusions

All factors that we examined are related to successful return to work. We should focus on the supportive factor the most because its variables are modifiable to promote a return to work by those injured in their workplace.


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  • Children’s health affected by parent’s behavioral characteristics: a review
    Sung Eun Kim, Jongin Lee
    Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics.2024; 67(5): 232.     CrossRef
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    Suk Won Bae
    Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Hongdou Lei, Imran Khan, Shiping Li
    Environmental Science and Pollution Research.2020; 27(11): 12308.     CrossRef
  • Sex Differences in Factors Associated with General Life Satisfaction among Occupationally Injured Workers in Korea: A Panel Analysis of the 2013–2017 Panel Study of Worker’s Compensation Insurance
    Jin-Won Noh, Kyoung-Beom Kim, Jooyoung Cheon, Yejin Lee, Young Dae Kwon
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2019; 16(22): 4397.     CrossRef
  • Changes in Income after an Industrial Accident According to Industry and Return-to-Work Status
    Suk Won Bae, Sarah Soyeon Oh, Wha Me Park, Jaehoon Roh, Jong-Uk Won
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2019; 16(14): 2603.     CrossRef
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Case Report
A case of chronic myeloid leukemia in a diagnostic radiographer
Chulyong Park, Sungyeul Choi, Dohyung Kim, Jaechan Park, Saerom Lee
Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26:54.   Published online November 28, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-014-0054-8
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
<bold>Background</bold>

Occupational radiation exposure causes certain types of cancer, specifically hematopoietic diseases like leukemia. In Korea, radiation exposure is monitored and recorded by law, and guidelines for compensation of radiation-related diseases were implemented in 2001. However, thus far, no occupation-related disease was approved for compensation under these guidelines. Here, we report the first case of radiation-related disease approved by the compensation committee of the Korea Workers’ Compensation and Welfare Service, based on the probability of causation.

<bold>Case presentation</bold>

A 45-year-old man complained of chronic fatigue and myalgia for several days. He was diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia. The patient was a diagnostic radiographer at a diagnostic radiation department and was exposed to ionizing radiation for 21 years before chronic myeloid leukemia was diagnosed. His job involved taking simple radiographs, computed tomography scans, and measuring bone marrow density.

<bold>Conclusion</bold>

To our knowledge, this is the first approved case report using quantitative assessment of radiation. More approved cases are expected based on objective radiation exposure data and the probability of causation. We need to find a resolution to the ongoing demands for appropriate compensation and improvements to the environment at radiation workplaces.


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  • Does occupational ionizing radiation exposure in healthcare workers affect their hematological parameters?
    Nejdiye Güngördü, Seher Kurtul, Ayşenur Özdil, Mehmet Sarper Erdoğan
    Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health.2023; 78(2): 80.     CrossRef
  • Effects of exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation on changing platelets: a prospective cohort study
    Ning Liu, Yang Peng, Xinguang Zhong, Zheng Ma, Suiping He, Ying Li, Wencui Zhang, Zijun Gong, Zhenjiang Yao
    Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Research Article
Workers’ experiences with compensated sick leave due to musculoskeletal disorder: a qualitative study
Min Choi, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, Jinwoo Lee, Hye-Eun Lee, Junsu Byun, Jong Uk Won
Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26:33-33.   Published online November 4, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-014-0033-0
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

The most common occupational disease that is compensated by Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance (IACI) in Korea is musculoskeletal disease (MSD). Although complaints about the workers’ compensation system have been raised by injured workers with MSD, studies that examine workers’ experiences with the Korean system are rare. This paper is a qualitative study designed to examine injured workers’ experiences with the workers’ compensation system in Korea. The aim of this study is to explore the drawbacks of the workers’ compensation system and to suggest ways to improve this system.

Methods

All workers from an automobile parts factory in Anseong, GyeongGi province who were compensated for MSD by IACI from January 2003 to August 2013 were invited to participate. Among these 153 workers, 142 workers completed the study. Semi-structured open-ended interviews and questionnaires were administered by occupational physicians. The responses of 131 workers were analyzed after excluding 11 workers, 7 of whom provided incomplete answers and 4 of whom were compensated by accidental injury. Based on their age, disease, department of employment, and compensation time, 16 of these 131 workers were invited to participate in an individual in-depth interview. In-depth interviews were conducted by one of 3 occupational physicians until the interview contents were saturated.

Results

Injured workers with MSD reported that the workers’ compensation system was intimidating. These workers suffered more emotional distress than physical illness due to the workers’ compensation system. Injured workers reported that they were treated inadequately and remained isolated for most of the recuperation period. The compensation period was terminated without ample guidance or a plan for an appropriate rehabilitation process.

Conclusions

Interventions to alleviate the negative experiences of injured workers, including quality control of the medical care institutions and provisions for mental and psychological care for injured workers, are needed to help injured workers return to work earlier and more healthy.


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  • Chairless Chairs for Orthopedic Surgery Purpose – A Literature Review
    Gatot Santoso, S. Sugiharto, Abdul Mughni, Muhammad Imam Ammarullah, Athanasius P. Bayuseno, J. Jamari
    Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences.2022; 10(F): 146.     CrossRef
  • Factors related to the physician and the employer influencing successful return to work in Korea: results from the first panel study of workers’ compensation insurance (PSWCI)
    Wanhyung Lee, Jin-Ha Yoon, Jaehoon Roh, Yeong-Kwang Kim, Hongdeok Seok, June-Hee Lee, Jong-Uk Won
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2015;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The effects of individual, occupational, and supportive factors on successful return to work using a structural equation model
    Jongin Lee, Min Choi, Sung Hye Park, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, Hye-Eun Lee
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2015;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Review
Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Korea Provoked by Workers’ Collective Compensation Claims against Work Intensification
Dongmug Kang, Youngki Kim, Young-Il Lee, Sangbaek Koh, Inah Kim, Hoonkoo Lee
Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26:19-19.   Published online July 29, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-4374-26-19
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

This article presents the process of workers’ problems with work related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), the introduction of risk assessments (RA) for their prevention, and the consequences of this process in Korea. In 1997, economic crisis caused a rapid increase of massive layoffs, worker dispatch system introduction, job insecurity, and use of irregular workers resulting in work intensification. Work intensification increased WMSDs, which created massive workers’ compensation collective claims. Workers argued for the reduction of work intensity. The RAs introduced as a consequence of the workers’ struggle is unique in the world. Whereas these RAs were expected to play a pivotal role in WMSDs prevention, they dis not due to workers’ lack of engagement after the compensation struggle. In fact, changes in the compensation judgment system and criteria have resulted in lower compensation approval rates leading to lower workers’ compensation claims. The Korean experience provides insight into WMSDs causes in a globalized world. In such a the globalized world, work intensification as the result of work flexibility could be an international trend.


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    Xiongda He, Bin Xiao, Junle Wu, Chunshuo Chen, Wankang Li, Maosheng Yan
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    Rajitha Kawshalya Mailan Arachchige Don, Seung-Cheol Hong
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    Hye-Eun Lee, Min Choi, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, Ichiro Kawachi
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(23): 9092.     CrossRef
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    Rima R. Habib, Amena El-Harakeh, Safa Hojeij, Zhongmin Jin
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Review
Historical review of the List of Occupational Diseases recommended by the International Labour organization (ILO)
Eun-A Kim, Seong-Kyu Kang
Ann Occup Environ Med 2013;25:14-14.   Published online August 5, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-4374-25-14
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

The list of occupational diseases established in the international and national legal system has played important roles in both prevention of and compensation for workers’ diseases. This report reviewed the historical development in the ILO list of occupational diseases and suggested implications of the trends. Since the first establishment of the ILO list of occupational diseases in 1925, the list has played a key role in harmonizing the development of policies on occupational diseases at the international level. The three occupational diseases (anthrax, lead poisoning, and mercury poisoning) in the first ILO list of occupational diseases, set up in 1925 as workmen’s compensation convention represented an increase of occupational diseases from the Industrial Revolution. Until the 1960s, 10 occupational diseases had been representative compensable occupational diseases listed in Convention No. 121, which implies that occupational diseases in this era were equated to industrial poisoning. Since 1980, with advancements in diagnostic techniques and medical science, noise-induced hearing loss, and several bronchopulmonary diseases have been incorporated into the ILO occupational list. Since 2002, changes in the structure of industries, emerging new chemicals, and advanced national worker’s compensation schemes have provoked the ILO to revise the occupational disease list. A new format of ILO list appended in Recommendation 194 (R194) was composed of two dimensions (causes and diseases) and subcategories. Among 50 member states that had provided their national lists of occupational diseases, until 2012 thirty countries were found to have the list occupational diseases having similar structure to ILO list in R194.


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    Çiğdem YORULMAZ
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Original Article
The Characteristics of Tinnitus and Hearing Threshold: In Workers with Noise Induced Hearing Loss from a Hospital Setting
Nam Jeong Kim, Hyoung Ouk Park, Chang Sun Sim, Choong Ryeol Lee, Young Joo Kwon, Ji Ho Lee
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2012;24(4):431-440.   Published online December 31, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2012.24.4.431
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was carried out to define the relationship between the characteristics of tinnitus and hearing threshold (puretone and speech) in workers with noise induced hearing loss (NIHL).
METHODS
A total of 189 cases(378 ears) from workers with compensation claims for NIHL during 2004-2009 were investigated. Various factors, including age, work carriers, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, noise exposure level of worksite hearing threshold, speech discrimination score, pitch match, and loudness of tinnitus were analyzed.
RESULTS
The average hearing threshold of all subject was 44.2 dBHL, puretone audiometry thresholds in subjects with tinnitus were lower than the non-tinnitus group (except at 8000 Hz). Using speech audiometry, the tinnitus group showed a lower speech recognition threshold and speech discrimination score. The tinnitus group also had an average tinnitus frequency of 4195.2 Hz, loudness of 73.6 dB, and tinnitus sensation average of 6.0 dBSL. These frequencies of tinnitus were in the lowest puretone audiometry frequencies. Tinnitus loudness had a strong relationship with puretone and speech audiometry thresholds.
CONCLUSIONS
In cases beyond moderate hearing loss, the tinnitus group had a better puretone (except 8000 Hz) and speech hearing status, and most comfortable loudness (MCL) level. In addition, puretone and speech audiometry thresholds increase with tinnitus loudness.

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  • The Relationship Between Tinnitus Frequency and Speech Discrimination in Patients With Hearing Loss
    Joo Hyung Oh, Taehun Lim, Joon Bum Joo, Ju Eun Cho, Pona Park, Jong Yang Kim
    Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.2023; 66(3): 156.     CrossRef
  • Efficiency Improvement of the Hearing Test Procedure Using Linear Regression
    Heonzoo Lee, Sejin Kim, Rayoung Park, Sungsu Lee, Hyong-Ho Cho, Yonggwan Won
    Journal of Digital Contents Society.2022; 23(12): 2489.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Influencing Factors in Approving Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Disease as Work-Related Disease of Workers' in Manufacturing Sectors
In Seok Kim, Sang Chul Ryu, Yong Hyun Kim, Young Jun Kwon
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2012;24(2):158-166.   Published online June 30, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2012.24.2.158
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to analyze the factors that have been meaningful in recognizing cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases in manufacturing sector workers as work-related diseases, since amendment of Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act on July 1st, 2008, and provide information to establish an objective standard.
METHODS
We examined 359 claims of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases which were presented as occupational diseases from January 1st, to December 31th, 2010, collecting Industrial Accident Compensation data from the six Provincial Committees for work-related disease decision. We analyzed the approval rate and odds ratio of the general characteristics, past medical history and work-related information, by using univariate logistic regression. In addition, we confirmed the factors that have effects on when approving work-related diseases by using multivariate logistic regression.
RESULTS
Overall, 92 claims out of the 359 claims were recognized as worked-related diseases with an approval rate of 25.6%. Because of accidental situations such as altercation, cold environments, fire etc., only 12 cases were approved. In addition, due to short-term overwork such as outdoor work in cold environments, only 18 cases were approved. Sixty-two cases were approved for chronic overwork. On chronic overwork, the approval rate was not significantly different in univariate logistic regression in gender, age, claimed disease, survival or death, smoker or non-smoker, or associated disease. However, factory size and, average working time for last one week and average working time for last four weeks were significantly. In the multivariate logistic regression analyzed, adjusted for age and sex, we found that the factors in approving cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease as work-related disease were average working time for the last four weeks and factory size.
CONCLUSION
We concluded that there has been a great deal of subjective judgements when approving cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases to be occupational diseases. Therefore, objective criteria should be established, especially with regard to the approval of work-related cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases and working hours.

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  • The Effect of Long Working Hours and Overtime on Occupational Health: A Meta-Analysis of Evidence from 1998 to 2018
    Kapo Wong, Alan H. S. Chan, S. C. Ngan
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2019; 16(12): 2102.     CrossRef
  • The effect of long working hours on cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease; A case‐crossover study
    Kyong‐sok Shin, Yun kyung Chung, Young‐Jun Kwon, Jun‐Seok Son, Se‐hoon Lee
    American Journal of Industrial Medicine.2017; 60(9): 753.     CrossRef
  • Long Working Hours and Work-related Cerebro-cardiovascular Disease in Korea
    Yun Kyung CHUNG, Young-jun KWON
    Industrial Health.2013; 51(5): 552.     CrossRef
  • Factor Analysis on Cerebrovascular Disease of Korean Police Officers
    WooJin Jeon, Jaehwan Cho
    Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology.2013; 7(4): 293.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Factors for Approving Cerebrovascular Disorders and Cardiovascular Diseases as Work-related Diseases in Chronically Overworked Workers
Sang Chul Ryu, In Suk Kim, Jong Heon Lee, Jong Uk Won, Tae Won Jang, Young Jun Kwon
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(4):379-386.   Published online December 31, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.4.379
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to analyze the factors that affected the decision of claims for cerebrovascular disorders and cardiovascular diseases in chronically overworked workers, that submitted their claims after the reformation of approval standards in the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act on 1 July 2008.
METHODS
Of 2909 cases, who claimed between January 1. and December 31. 2009, 1046 cases were selected based on their worker's compensation record and investigated following 6 provincial committees for work-related diseases. The approval rate and odds ratio were analyzed with respect to the general characteristics, past medical history and work-related information using a logistical regression and Student t-test.
RESULTS
Of the 1046 selected cases, the approval rate was 18.5%(194 cases). In the multivariate logistical regression analysis, the factors for approving cerebrovascular disorders and cardiovascular diseases as work-related diseases were found to be the average working time over the last 1 week, occupational category, gender, age, death or survival, the presence of an associated disease, claimed province, and smoking.
CONCLUSION
Factors for approving claims of cerebrovascular disorders and cardiovascular diseases as work-related diseases were the average working time over last 1 week, gender, age, death or survival, claimed disease, presence of associated disease, claimed province, smoking.

Citations

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  • The effect of long working hours on cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease; A case‐crossover study
    Kyong‐sok Shin, Yun kyung Chung, Young‐Jun Kwon, Jun‐Seok Son, Se‐hoon Lee
    American Journal of Industrial Medicine.2017; 60(9): 753.     CrossRef
  • Long Working Hours and Work-related Cerebro-cardiovascular Disease in Korea
    Yun Kyung CHUNG, Young-jun KWON
    Industrial Health.2013; 51(5): 552.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Worker's Compensation Claims and Approval Status for Occupational Cancers in Korea from 2000 to 2009
Won Cheol Lee, Dong Il Kim, Young Jun Kwon, Hyoung Ryoul Kim, In Ah Kim, Jae Hong Ryoo, Soo Geun Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(2):112-121.   Published online June 30, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.2.112
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the occupational cancer claims compensated by the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance that is operated by the Korea Workers' Compensation and Welfare Service (COMWEL).
METHODS
Using the COMWEL electronic database, we collected 1,933 claims for occupational cancer based on the worker's compensation records in the COMWEL from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2009. We analyzed the characteristics of the claims.
RESULTS
The average number of claims per year for occupational cancer was 193 and the approval rate was 13.1% from 2000 to 2009. Men accounted for 93.7% of the approved cases and had a higher approval rate. Approval rates increased with age. Among claims for occupational cancer, the most common was digestive cancer. On the other hand, the highest approval rate was for mesothelioma claims, followed by respiratory cancer, lymphoid or hematopoietic cancer. By industry, claims were most common in manufacturing, but the approval rate was highest in mining and quarrying. By occupation, claims most commonly came from legislators, senior officials & managers, but the approval rate was highest for craft & related trades workers. The average of tenure period was 15.5 years for approved cases, but 10.3 years for non-approved cases, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
We analyzed the characteristics of the occupational cancer claims which were compensated for the last 10 years accrording to the approved results. For the purpose of long-term understanding and management of worker's compensation status for occupational cancer, we should gather accurate information of the carcinogenic factors involved in order to achieve the systematic improvement that is needed.

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  • Estimating Benzene Exposure Level over Time and by Industry Type through a Review of Literature on Korea
    Donguk Park, Sangjun Choi, Kwonchul Ha, Hyejung Jung, Chungsik Yoon, Dong-Hee Koh, Seunghun Ryu, Soogeun Kim, Dongmug Kang, Kyemook Yoo
    Safety and Health at Work.2015; 6(3): 174.     CrossRef
  • Compensation for Occupational Cancer
    Inah Kim, Eun-A Kim, Jae Young Kim
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2014; 29(Suppl): S40.     CrossRef
  • Occupational Cancers with Chemical Exposure and their Prevention in Korea: A Literature Review
    Kyung-Taek Rim
    Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention.2013; 14(6): 3379.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Influencing Factors in Approving Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Diseases as Occupational Disease in Seoul
Tae Kyung Lee, Soo Geun Kim, Jong Uk Won, Tae Won Jang, Seong Sik Cho, Young Su Ju, Young Jun Kwon, Hyoung June Im
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2010;22(3):262-270.   Published online September 30, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2010.22.3.262
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to analyze the factors that affected the decision making process in approving workers' compensation claims for cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases cases that occurred just before refoming approval standards of Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act on 1 July 2008 and to provide fundamental information in preparing better standards.
METHODS
We examined 283 claims cases involving cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases that occurred between 1 January, 2006 and 31 December, 2007 and collected data based on the worker's compensation records from 3 Seoul Regional Centers of the Workers' Compensation & Welfare Service. We analyzed the approval rates and odds ratios according to the general characteristics, injury information, past medical histories, and work related information using chi-square or univariate logistic regression. In addition, we identified the factors affecting the approval using multivariate logistic regression.
RESULTS
Overall, 101 of the 283 cases were approved and approval rate was 35.7%. Approval rates differed significantly according to type of disease, survival, accident site, accident time, the presence of associated disease and overwork (p-value <0.05). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis with adjusted for age and sex, approval rate of death cases with associated disease was lower than cases without associated disease (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.12~0.42). Approval rate of cases occurred in worksite was higher than others (OR 4.81, 95% CI 2.22~10.40). Cases of accepted overwork had a higher approval rate significantly than cases of not accepted (OR 28.53, 95% CI 9.74~83.52).
CONCLUSION
Factors in approving cases of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease as cases involving occupational disease included conditions of overwork, high rate of accidents in the workplace and the presence of associated disease. It is necessary to investigate further behaviors of work and chronic work-related stress.

Citations

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  • The effect of long working hours on cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease; A case‐crossover study
    Kyong‐sok Shin, Yun kyung Chung, Young‐Jun Kwon, Jun‐Seok Son, Se‐hoon Lee
    American Journal of Industrial Medicine.2017; 60(9): 753.     CrossRef
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  • 1 Crossref
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Original Article
Occupational Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Cases Evaluated by Workers' Compensation in Korea
Hwa Pyung Lee, Dong Hee Koh, Eui Cheol Lee
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2009;21(1):53-62.   Published online March 31, 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2009.21.1.53
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
To analyse the characteristics of occupational COPD (Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) cases that were evaluated by the Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute (OSHRI) of the Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency (KOSHA).
METHODS
Using the OSHRI database from KOSHA, we collected 13 cases of occupational COPD that had been evaluated from 1998 to 2007.
RESULTS
Four cases had been evaluated as occupational COPD: 1) a nonsmoking road sweeper exposed to automobile exhaust gases and trash dust; 2) an oxygen welding worker exposed to cadmium fumes; 3) a cotton mill air conditioner cleaning worker exposed to cotton dust; and 4) a foundry grinding worker exposed to dust, gases, vapors and fumes. Nine cases had been evaluated as non-occupational COPD: 1) 4 cases in which smoking was determined to be the main cause rather than occupational exposure; 2) 1 case that was evaluated as another respiratory disease (severe tuberculosis sequelae); 3) 1 case that had been misdiagnosed as COPD; 4) 2 cases in which the exposure levels in the workplace environments were too low; and 5) 1 case that had developed before the employment. Among these 13 cases, a shipyard grinding worker had been evaluated in 2006 as having had a low occupational hazard, but a similar case (a foundry grinding worker) was evaluated as having had a high hazard in 2007.
CONCLUSIONS
Proper evaluation of occupational COPD demands an accurate diagnosis of COPD itself and also the exclusion of other respiratory diseases that have similar symptoms; an investigation of the relevant occupatioonal hazards and the amount of the exposure; and a consideration of smoking history. The evaluation should also take into account any substantial loss of life due to occupational hazards as well as any disease-free periods.

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    Kwan Woo Kim
    Work.2021; 68(3): 679.     CrossRef
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    Jahyun Kim, Young Wook Kim, Chang Ho Chae, Jun Seok Son, Chan Woo Kim, Jun Ho Lee, Hyung Wook Park, Byung Mann Cho
    Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.2015; 25(4): 525.     CrossRef
  • Work-related COPD after years of occupational exposure
    YounMo Cho, JongIn Lee, Min Choi, WonSeon Choi, Jun-Pyo Myong, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, Jung-Wan Koo
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2015;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Original Article
Patient Satisfaction in Workers' Compensation Medical Care
Hwa Pyung Lee, Hyoung June Im, Young Su Ju, Young Jun Kwon, Hee Tae Kang, Jeong Min Kim, Sung Sik Cho, Tae Kyung Lee, Jongwan Yoon
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2007;19(3):204-214.   Published online September 30, 2007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2007.19.3.204
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the patient satisfaction and its influencing factors after medical care for workrelated injuries.
METHODS
A self-reported questionnaire was mailed to 921 workers who had experienced workers' compensation medical care. The data from 335 respondents (response rate was 36.4%) were merged and analysed with the data from the Korea Labor Welfare Corporation (KLWC) which contain other general information of the respondents.
RESULTS
Dissatisfaction with their medical care was reported by 17.3% of the respondents. Overall patient satisfaction (OPS) was highly correlated with the medical treatment process such as hospital facility, medical therapy, surgical therapy, doctor's explanation and physical therapy. However, OPS was negatively influenced by three factors: 1) unsatisfactory hospital care during waiting period before the approval of workers' compensation, 2) forced end of the hospital care by the workers' compensation, and 3) end of the hospital care with no further improvement.
CONCLUSIONS
To improve the satisfaction of patients with work-related injuries, both the practice of medical treatment and also the administrative process of workers' compensation must be reformed. These reforms are needed to improve the quality of workers' compensation medical care and prevent abnormal illness behavior such as inappropriate treatment seeking.

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  • Workers’ experiences with compensated sick leave due to musculoskeletal disorder: a qualitative study
    Min Choi, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, Jinwoo Lee, Hye-Eun Lee, Junsu Byun, Jong Uk Won
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2014;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Study on Contributing Factors of Industrially Injured Patients' Satisfaction
    Hyun-Joo Lee, Jung-In Kang
    Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2011; 20(3): 319.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Use of Screening Dose to Evaluate the Work-relatedness of Cancers Occurring among Korean Radiation Workers
Meeseon Jeong, Young Woo Jin, Hyun Sul Lim, Chong Soon Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2007;19(3):196-203.   Published online September 30, 2007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2007.19.3.196
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
To propose a screening dose based on the probability of causation (PC) to simplify the evaluation procedure for the work-relatedness of the cancers occurring among Korean radiation workers.
METHODS
Under the PC uncertainty distribution, the screening dose was defined in which the maximum PC is equivalent to 50% for single exposure to radiation, after which the values were calculated according to three significance levels: 90%, 95%, and 99%. By using the screening doses for each cancer, we also predicted the number of compensations for the occupational cancers among the current Korean radiation workers to determine a reasonable criterion for the significance level.
RESULTS
If the cumulative dose received by a radiation worker with cancer is less than the screening dose, then PC can not be greater than 50%, i.e., the case can not be awarded as an occupational disease. The numbers of compensation cases for a future decade were predicted to be 3-5, 4-6, and 6-10 at the significance levels of 90%, 95%, and 99%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The procedure to evaluate the occupational disease was greatly simplified by using the screening dose for evaluation. A criterion of 95% was recommended as the PC upper limit following consideration for the results of the predicted cases for compensation and the economic circumstances in Korea.

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  • The work-relatedness at a case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a radiation oncologist
    Bong Hyun Kim, Young-Jun Kwon, Young-Su Ju, Bong Kyu Kim, Hyun Seok Lee, Sang-gil Lee, Yun Kyung Chung
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A case of chronic myeloid leukemia in a diagnostic radiographer
    Chulyong Park, Sungyeul Choi, Dohyung Kim, Jaechan Park, Saerom Lee
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2014;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Ionizing Radiation-induced Diseases in Korea
    Young-Woo Jin, Meeseon Jeong, Kieun Moon, Min-Heui Jo, Seong-Kyu Kang
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S70.     CrossRef
  • Health Disorders Caused by Physical Factors among Health Care Workers - Focusing on Ionizing Radiation -
    Hyun-Sul Lim
    Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2010; 53(6): 483.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Occupational Malignant Lymphohematopoietic Diseases Compensated under the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance from 1996 to 2005
Yeon Soon Ahn
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2007;19(2):81-92.   Published online June 30, 2007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2007.19.2.81
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
To analyze the characteristics of malignant occupational lymphohematopoietic diseases compensated under the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance that is operated by the Korea Labor Welfare Corporation (KLWC).
METHODS
Using the KLWC database, we surveyed 50 cases of malignant occupational lymphohematopoietic diseases that received compensation during the 10 years between 1996 and 2005, inclusive. We analyzed the characteristics of occupational diseases using the KLWC electronic data and the epidemiologic data investigated by the Industrial Safety and Health Institute of the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency.
RESULTS
KLWC approved 50 cases, including 12 deaths (24.0%). Men accounted for 94.0% of the approved cases. The most common age group was 40~49 years of age (36.0%). The most common size of enterprise was larger than 1,000 workers (20.0%). The most common lymphohematopoietic disease was myeloid leukemia (21 cases, 40.0%), followed by lymphoid leukemia and aplastic anemia (7 cases, 14%) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (6 cases, 12.0%). The mean working duration was 15.1 years and the most common decade was 10~19 years (48.0%). The mean latency was 15.5 years and the most common decade was 10~19 years (44.0%). The causal hazardous agents were benzene (43 cases, 86.0%), ionizing radiation (4 cases, 8.0%), and chemotherapeutics (1 case, 2.0%).
CONCLUSIONS
We were able to elucidate the kinds of occupational malignant lymphohematopoietic diseases and the characteristics of workers through this study. Benzene exposure sources emitted from cokeoven and foundry were very important findings that had not been identified in previous studies. The KLWC compensation received by several cases of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, the results for which were not consistently related to benzene exposure, was relevant data to decide the work-relatedness of lymphohematopoietic diseases of workers exposed to benzene.

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  • Establishment and operation of a cooperative program to identify work-related acute myeloid leukemia in a general hospital
    Jiyoun Jung, Hye-ran Choi, Byung-Sik Cho, Silvia Park, Jun-Pyo Myong, Mo-Yeol Kang, Hee-Je Kim
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Cause-Specific Mortality Due to Malignant and Non-Malignant Disease in Korean Foundry Workers
    Jin-Ha Yoon, Yeon-Soon Ahn, Suminori Akiba
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Original Article
Analysis of Worker's Compensation Claims for the Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Diseases
Jae Hong Ryoo, Eun Hee Ha, Soo Geun Kim, Jeong Youn Kim, Yong Kyu Kim, Eui Cheol Lee, Cheol Ho Yi, Jun Seok Son
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2007;19(1):38-46.   Published online March 31, 2007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2007.19.1.38
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to provide fundamental data to judge whether or not cerebro and cardiovascular diseases are work-related, by comparing the characteristics between approved and non-approved cases among the worker's compensation claims.
METHODS
We collected 12,309 cerebro and cardiovascular disease claims based on the worker's compensation records of the Labor Welfare Corporation from 2000 to 2004. The approved and non-approved cases were analyzed according to factors such as the calendar year, industry, company size, occupation, gender, age group, classification of cerebro and cardiovascular diseases, fatality and underlying diseases. We used x2-test and multivariate logistic regression for the analysis.
RESULTS
According to multivariate logistic regression, electricity gas and water supply (OR=4.18, 95% CI=1.43~12.17), construction (OR=2.39, 95% CI=1.22~4.69) and manufacturing (OR=2.10, 95% CI=1.08~4.07) industries had a higher approval rate than mining and quarrying industries. Service workers and sales & marketing department workers (OR=1.90, 95% CI=1.47~2.47), professionals (OR=1.83, 95% CI=1.50~2.23), technicians and associate professionals (OR=1.63, 95% CI=1.35~1.97) and legislators and senior officials and managers (OR=1.62, 95% CI=1.24~2.12) had a higher approval rate than plant and machine operators and assemblers. Female workers had a higher approval rate (OR=1.31, 95% CI=1.13~1.53) than male workers. Cerebrovascular diseases had a higher approval rate (OR=2.75, 95% CI=2.42~3.13) than cardiovascular diseases. Fatal cases had a higher approval rate (OR=6.01, 95% CI=4.89~7.38) than surviving cases.
CONCLUSION
For cerebro and cardiovascular diseases, workers' compensation claims are increasing, approval rates are relatively high and factors such as industry, company size, occupation, gender and fatality are related. A remarkable difference in the approval rate was found according to industry and occupation, suggesting the need for further study to identify which factors influence the approval rate. The approval rate for intracerebral hemorrhage arising in the course of employment (COE) was significantly higher than that arising out of employment (AOE), suggesting the need to correct the approval criteria.

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  • The effect of long working hours on cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease; A case‐crossover study
    Kyong‐sok Shin, Yun kyung Chung, Young‐Jun Kwon, Jun‐Seok Son, Se‐hoon Lee
    American Journal of Industrial Medicine.2017; 60(9): 753.     CrossRef
  • Compensation for Work-Related Cerebrocardiovascular Diseases
    Jong-Uk Won, Inah Kim
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2014; 29(Suppl): S12.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Occupational Diseases among Agricultural, Forestry and Fishery Workers Approved by Korea Labor Welfare Corporation
Yeon Soon Ahn, Hyun Sul Lim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2007;19(1):1-16.   Published online March 31, 2007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2007.19.1.1
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
To analyze the characteristics of occupational diseases among agricultural, forestry and fishery workers compensated under the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance that is operated by the Korea Labor Welfare Corporation (KLWC).
METHODS
Using the KLWC database, we collected 667 cases of occupational disease compensated during the 8 years between 1 January 1998 and 31 December 2005. We analyzed the characteristics of occupational diseases using the KLWC electronic data and the data investigated by the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency.
RESULTS
KLWC approved 667 cases, including 69 deaths (10.3%). Men accounted for 76.0%of the approved cases. The most common age group was 50~59 years of age (37.3%). The most common size of enterprise was 5 to 49 workers (47.5%). The proportion of occupational diseases was 54.1%, of which 45.9% was work-related. Among occupational diseases, the most common was skin diseases (147 cases, 40.7%), followed by infectious diseases (131 cases, 36.3%), including scrub typhus (123 cases) and intoxication (40 cases, 11.1%). The causal hazardous agents were biological (320 cases, 88.6%), chemical (29 cases, 8.0%), and physical (11 cases, 3.0%). The major type of industry and occupation were forestry (445 cases, 66.7%) and elementary (151 among 235 cases, 89.3%), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Major compensated occupational diseases were infectious diseases, including scrubtyphus, skin diseases and toxic disease, which occurred among workers who were older, and had short tenure and elementary occupation, and these workers were out of the occupational health policy. A management policy must be established to prevent occupational diseases occurring in such vulnerable workers.

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  • Survey of the knowledge, safety climate, and compliance with hospital infection standard precautions among dental hygienists
    Ho Jin Jeong, Jung Hwa Lee
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Original Article
Analysis of Sufficient Conditions in Approving Cere b rovascular and Cardiovascular Disease as Occupational Disease
Jong Uk Won, Kook Whan Ha, Jae Suk Song, Jaehoon Roh, Hyung Ryul Kim, Dae Hee Lee, Kang Hee Lee
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2003;15(1):52-60.   Published online March 31, 2003
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2003.15.1.52
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to analyze the factors that affect the decision to approve workers compensation claims for cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases and to analyze the worker characteristics.
METHODS
Three hundred, sixty-nine cases were collected based on the workers compensation records of three Seoul and Incheon Regional centers of the Labor Welfare Corporation between 1998 and 1999. They contained the general characteristics, injury information and past medical histories. The x2-test and logistic regression were performed to investigate the factors affecting the approvals. Seventy-two survivors were surveyed by telephone for job stress. Job stress was surveyed in three parts: job demands, decision latitude and personal free time.
RESULTS
Of the cases, 167 obtained approval from the Corporation; the others did not. Regardless of approval, 62% of all subjects had more than one of the cerebral and cardiovascular risk factors. Especially, 53.9% of subjects had hypertension. According to the logistic regression, the fatal cases had a higher approval rate (OR=26.4, CI=9.13-76.22). The cases with working condition change (OR=6.5, CI=3.45-12.07), accidents on worksite (OR=4.9, CI=2.39-10.07), female (OR=4.0, CI=1.21-13.3), accidents at night duty (OR=2.9, CI=.156-5.39), cases occurring on duty (OR=.25, CI=1.34-4.72) and cases without past disease history (OR=1.8, CI=1.02-3.36) also had higher approval rates. Telephone survey found that the approval rate increased with decreasing freedom of personal time schedule. However, the logistic regression revealed that job stress didnt affect the approvals.
CONCLUSION
To prevent cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases, the most important aspect is to control hypertension which is the most common risk factor among the victims. Moreover, job stress and over working should be considered in the just approval of the workers compensation claims.

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  • Compensation for Work-Related Cerebrocardiovascular Diseases
    Jong-Uk Won, Inah Kim
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2014; 29(Suppl): S12.     CrossRef
  • Long Working Hours and Work-related Cerebro-cardiovascular Disease in Korea
    Yun Kyung CHUNG, Young-jun KWON
    Industrial Health.2013; 51(5): 552.     CrossRef
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    Sun-Young Choi, Na-Eun Kang, Sung-Hee Kim
    The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition.2013; 26(4): 975.     CrossRef
  • A Comparison of the Recognition of Overwork-related Cardiovascular Disease in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan
    Jungsun PARK, Yangho KIM, Yawen CHENG, Seichi HORIE
    INDUSTRIAL HEALTH.2012; 50(1): 17.     CrossRef
  • Work-related Cerebro-Cardiovascular Diseases in Korea
    Dae-Seong Kim, Seong-Kyu Kang
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S105.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Cost of Work-related Cerebrovascular and Cardiac Disease
Hyeong Su Kim, Soung Hoon Chang, Jae Wook Choi, Kun Sei Lee, Cheong Sik Kim, Jun Young Lee, Ji Young Oh
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2002;14(3):288-300.   Published online September 30, 2002
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2002.14.3.288
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to estimate the cost, with a focus on forecasting the expenditure on industrial accident compensation insurance, arising from workrelated cerebrovascular and cardiac disease.
METHODS
We used a total of 4,480 work-related cerebrovascular and cardiac disease data points, collected between 1995 and 2000, based on the year of occurrence, and which had been approved by industrial accident compensation insurance. Firstly, we calculated the number of approved cases per 100,000 workers benefiting from industrial accident compensation insurance between 1995 and 2000. We then forecasted the numbers of work-related cases of cerebrovascular and cardiac disease for the period from 2001 through 2005 using a linear regression equation. Secondly, we analysed the expenditure on industrial accident compensation insurance due to work-related cerebrovascular and cardiac disease, and estimated the expenditure per capita for the former period. Thirdly, we estimated the expenditure on industrial accident compensation insurance due to work-related cerebrovascular and cardiac disease for the latter period based on the cohort of occurrence year.
RESULTS
Approved cases per 100,000 workers for work-related cerebrovascular and cardiac disease were 3.36 in 1995 and 13.16 in 2000. It is expected that the approved cases would be 1,336 (95 % CI 1,211-1,460) in 2001 and 1,769 (95 % CI 1,610-1,931) in 2005, based on the year of occurrence. The mean expenditure per capita was estimated to be 75 million won, which comprised of 19 million won for medical care benefits and 56 million won for other benefits. It was anticipated that the claims for the 2001 cohort would be 107.9 billion won and 192.4 billion won for the 2005 cohort.
CONCLUSIONS
The magnitude of the economic burden of work-related cerebrovascular and cardiac disease is substantial. From an economic perspective, this study proves the importance and need for the management of work-related cerebrovascular and cardiac disease.

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Original Article
A Study on Karoshi to Make Application for Industrial Accident Compensation in Busan
Yeon Nam, Cha Jae O, Jung Rae Park, Dong Jun Lee, Byung Mann Cho, Su Ill Lee
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2002;14(1):34-46.   Published online March 31, 2002
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2002.14.1.34
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
Karoshi is a word meaning death from work-overload. Work-related diseases due to continuous overwork are primarily cerebro- and cardio-vascular in nature. In Korea, despite an increase in the incidence of Karoshi, it is not easy to recognise by workmen's compensation in Korea. This study intended to establish basic information concerning the incidence of Karoshi.
METHODS
219 cases were collected based on workers' compensation records of three Busan Regional Centers of Labor Welfare Corporation from 1991 to 1999. The size of workplace, occupation, daily working time, type of working schedule, job tenures, characters of work-overload and duration of work-overload were investigated according of subgroups of general characteristics. Both univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the relationship between risk factors and a recognition of Karoshi.
RESULTS
1. 61.6 % of total cases were recognized as Karoshi. 30.6 % occurred in a small workplace of less than 50 workers, 34.7 % were drivers or guards, and 48.8 % were more than 50 years old. Additionally, 29.6 % worked more than 12 hours, 37.5 % were irregular hours and shift workers and 21.5 % of the total had been on the job less than 6 months. 2. Of the causes of death, 49.8 % was cerebro-vascular diseases and it was more than cardio-vascular ones. And 80.4 % of total cases was belonged to the recognition-category of the Labour Ministry's Law. The previous disease history was found on 49.8 % of all cases. Of them, hypertension was most common as 21.9 %. 3. 53.9 % of patients were exposed to job hazards such as driving, monitoring, guarding, risky jobs and frequent long-term official trips. 64.7 % recorded a increased work-overload of job contents and working hours. Of the several types of work-overload, 42.5 % displayed long-term physical and psychotic work-overload and 22.2 % exhibited job characteristic work-overload. 4. In this study, work-overload was associated with the incidence of Karoshi in 76.3 % of cases. This rate was higher than the recognition of Workmen's compensation recorded by the Korea Labor Welfare Corporation. Of these, 43.6 % belonged to sufficient factors, 10.4 % partial factors, and 22.3 % were due to aggravating factors. 5. Logistic regression demonstrated that death due to cerebro- and cardio-vascular disease, shorttenure within 6 month was significantly associated with a recognition of Karoshi (p=0.034, OR=3.00, C I = 1 . 0 9~8.30/p=0.016, OR=6.76, CI=1.43~32.07 respectively) and that an increase of work-overload was also associated, but its statistical significance was slightly lower(p=0.081, OR=2.02, CI=0.91.~4.46 ) . However, no association was found between this recognition and overtime work, hazardous job, irregular work schedule, low-income, injury-onset place, or small size of workplace. The elderly group(>50years old) and those with a previous disease history were negatively associated with recognition although the statistical association was low.
CONCLUSIONS
Karoshi in Busan occurred frequently in a small workplace of less than 50 workers, especially drivers or guards. Additionally, these cases worked more than 12 hours, were irregular hours and shift workers. The death due to cerebro- and cardio-vascular disease, short-tenure within 6 month was significantly associated with a recognition of Karoshi. However Karoshi in this study occurred frequently in overtime work and high risk groups of work-overload. Therefore, for prevention of Karoshi, work-overload and overtime work need improved and controled.

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  • Work-related Cerebro-Cardiovascular Diseases in Korea
    Dae-Seong Kim, Seong-Kyu Kang
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S105.     CrossRef
  • Factors Affecting the Designation of Cerebrovascular Diseases as Work-Related in Administrative Litigation
    Hyeongsu Kim, Jaewook Choi, Hwayoung Rim, Sounghoon Chang, Kunsei Lee
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2008; 23(2): 236.     CrossRef
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Review
Occupational Cancer in Korea in the 1990s
Seong Kyu Kang, Yeon Soon Ahn, Ho Keun Chung
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2001;13(4):351-359.   Published online December 31, 2001
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2001.13.4.351
AbstractAbstract PDF
The proportion of cancer as a cause of death in Korean has been continuously increasing. In 2000, 24 %(59,020 of 247,346) of deaths were caused by cancer. Occupational exposure would have contributed to the development of some cancers. It would have accounted for more than 2,000 cancers in a year if 4% of all cancer or 10% of lung cancer was regarded as arising from the work environment. However, occupational cancer has not been reported as much as expected. The first case of occupational cancer reported officially was mesothelioma caused by asbestos exposure at an asbestos textile industry in 1992. Following the report, many cases of occupational cancers have been reported such as lung cancer due to exposure to asbestos, chromium, exhaust gases, coke oven emissions, and silica, as well as leukemia due to exposure to benzene or other solvent and bladder cancer arising from exposure to benzidine salts. The Health Examination for retirees has been conducted since 1992 in order to detect occupational cancer early in workers who have been exposed to 11 carcinogenic substances. However, to date no occupational cancer has been detected through the Retirees' Health Examination. The Korea Labor Welfare Corporation(KLWC) has referred 108 claims for occupational cancer to the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency(KOSHA) between 1992 and 2000. Thirty-three cases were accepted, including 14 cases of lung cancer, eight cases of hematopoietic cancer and six cases of mesothelioma. KLWC has accepted the claim for primary lung cancer developed with pneumoconiosis as an occupational cancer, of which there were 31 cases in 1999 and 61 cases in 2000. In conclusion, special attention is required to detect occupational cancer due to their long latency period and the fact they are usually found after retirement.

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    Minjun Kim, Yangho Kim, A Ram Kim, Woon Jung Kwon, Soyeoun Lim, Woojin Kim, Cheolin Yoo
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Byeong Ju Choi, Saerom Lee, Iu Jin Lee, Soon Woo Park, Sanggil Lee
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Inah Kim, Eun-A Kim, Jae Young Kim
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2014; 29(Suppl): S40.     CrossRef
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    Kwan Lee, Hyun-Sul Lim, Heon Kim
    Ciência & Saúde Coletiva.2014; 19(12): 4809.     CrossRef
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    Kyung-Taek Rim, Cheol-Hong Lim, Byung-Joon Ahn
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    Yeon-Soon Ahn, Kyoung Sook Jeong
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2014; 29(11): 1473.     CrossRef
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    Eun-A Kim, Seong-Kyu Kang
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    Kyung-Taek Rim
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    Seong-Kyu Kang, Eun A Kim
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S4.     CrossRef
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    Eun-A Kim, Hye-Eun Lee, Seong-Kyu Kang
    Safety and Health at Work.2010; 1(1): 61.     CrossRef
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    Eun-A Kim, Won Jin Lee, Mia Son, Seong-Kyu Kang
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S99.     CrossRef
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    Hye-Eun Lee, Hyoung Ryoul Kim
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S94.     CrossRef
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    Yeon-Soon AHN, Seong-Kyu KANG
    Industrial Health.2009; 47(2): 113.     CrossRef
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    Seong-Kyu Kang, Mi-Young Lee, Tae-Kyun Kim, Jeong-Oh Lee, Yeon Soon Ahn
    Chemico-Biological Interactions.2005; 153-154: 65.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Analysis of Claimed Cases as an Occupational Disease at Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency from 1992 to 1999
Seong Kyu Kang, Kyoo Sang Kim, Yangho Kim, Jung Keun Choi, Yeon Soon Ahn, Yeong Woo Jin, Byong Soon Choi, Jeong Sun Yang, Euna Kim, Chang Ho Chae, Yong Hue Choi, Dae Seong Kim, Jung Sun Park, Ho Keun Chung
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2000;12(2):292-301.   Published online June 30, 2000
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2000.12.2.292
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
Pneumoconisis and noise-induced hearing loss(NIHL) have been reported as main occupational diseases by the Special Health Examination. The Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance has reported various work-related diseases, however, these two diseases occupied almost a half of compensated cases. Therefore, it was not well known about the status of occupational diseases other than pneumoconiosis, NIHL, and cardiocerebrovascular accident(CVA). This study was conducted to analyze claimed cases as an occupational disease, that was requested to the Korea Industrial Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA).
METHODS
The local office of the Korea Labor Welfare Corporation(KLWC) has asked the KOSHA for confirmation of claimed cases as an occupational disease. We analyzed 379 cases requested from KLWC, the Ministry of Labor, employers, unions and occupational health agencies from 1992 to 1999.
RESULTS
Male was 80. 7 % of the requested cases. Their mean age was 42 years old and 75. 5 % of them were more than 35 years old. The requested cases were increased rapidly from 25 cases in 1992 to 108 cases in 1999 and the accept rate was 50. 7 %. The majority of requested cases were respiratory diseases(22.4 %), cancers(18.5 %), Neuropsychiatric problems (14. 5 %), and musculoskeletal problems (13. 5 %). The accept rate was high in reproductive, respiratory, musculoskeletal and digestive disorders and low in neuropsychiatric, renal and otologic problems and occupational cancers. 73. 6 % of them were caused by chemical agents, especially 28. 5 % were by organic solvents. 67 % of them were clinically confirmed at university hospitals. A half of the cases were from KyongIn area, even the request came from the whole country.
CONCLUSIONS
A claim was common in workers whose age was over 35 years old and exposure history was over 10 years. The respiratory diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders were still main problems in occupational health and occupational cancers was increasing even though its accept rate was not high yet.

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    Byeong Ju Choi, Saerom Lee, Iu Jin Lee, Soon Woo Park, Sanggil Lee
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Systemic sclerosis due to crystalline silica exposure among jewelry workers in Korea: two case reports
    Jae Yoon Kim, Sang Yoon Do, Young Hoon Moon, Chul Gab Lee, Yun Sung Kim, Byung Soon Choi, Eun-A Kim, Han Soo Song
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Dae-Seong Kim, Seong-Kyu Kang
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S105.     CrossRef
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    Eun-A Kim, Seong-Kyu Kang
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S26.     CrossRef
  • Occupational Diseases in Korea
    Seong-Kyu Kang, Eun A Kim
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S4.     CrossRef
  • Occupational Lymphohematopoietic Cancer in Korea
    Eun-A Kim, Won Jin Lee, Mia Son, Seong-Kyu Kang
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S99.     CrossRef
  • Occupational exposure to benzene in South Korea
    Seong-Kyu Kang, Mi-Young Lee, Tae-Kyun Kim, Jeong-Oh Lee, Yeon Soon Ahn
    Chemico-Biological Interactions.2005; 153-154: 65.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Relating Factors of Industrial Accident
Dae Suk Ko, Soon Suk Choi, Soo Jin Jung, Jun Han Park, Hun Lee, Byung Chul Son, Sang Hwa Urm, Chae Un Lee, Ki Taek Bae, Jin Ho Chun
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1997;9(1):99-108.   Published online February 28, 1997
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1997.9.1.99
AbstractAbstract PDF
This study was conducted to estimate the causing factors of industrial accident, and to prepare the fittable control program for accident through the evaluation of views of the patients who suffered from accidents. From January 5 to February 6 1993, questionnaire survey was executed on 166 persons who were injured and covered by the insurance under industrial accident compensation law at four university hospitals in Pusan. The results were as follows : 1. Most of subjects worked in the manufacturing (56.6%) and construction(29.5%), and in the small factory less than 49 workers(56.0%). They were thirties and forties(63.8%), less than 3 years tenure(53.6%), habitual drinker(69.2%). And, 72.3% worked for above 9 hours per day, 53.6% worked as near clerks, 89.2% thought that work is rather suitable to his own personality. 2. Self-recognition for the causing factor of industrial accident was the other's malfunction(19.3%), carelessness(15.1%), lack of education for safety(15.1%), and they thought the accident occurred by mainly some defect of establishment and working environment(34.9%), unskillfulness(22.9%), self-carelessness(22.3%). 3. The interests and recognition on safety was insufficient, 88.6% require job education, but 53% pointed out the necessity for strengthening of present status-rather incomplete with relying on self-education (40.9%), no previous participation in safety education (29.5%), etc. 4. For the kind of accident, fall-down(16.3%), crash(13.3%), falling(12.7%) was frequent, head(24.7%) and fracture(41.0%) was frequent for the part and type of injury, respectively. And, they had more injured by cooperative work (82.5%) than single work. As results, improvement of working environment and strengthening education program would be emphasized for the effective control of industrial accident. And, there should be prepared the specific prevention program for the small scale industries.

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    Joong-il Shin, Soo-hee Park
    Journal of Physical Therapy Science.2017; 29(6): 1089.     CrossRef
  • A basic research on risk control measure for reducing the fishermen's occupational accident in offshore and coastal fishing vessel
    Wook-Sung Kim, Young-Bok Cho, Seok-Jae Kim, Kyong-Jin Ryu, Yoo-Won Lee
    Journal of the Korean society of Fisheries Technology.2014; 50(4): 614.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Comparison of Diagnostic Criteria of Noise Induced Hearing Loss using Special Periodic Health Examination Data in Korea
Joohon Sung, Soo Hun Cho, Daehee Kang, Yeong Su Ju, Mi Na Ha, Ho Jang Kwon, Dork Ro Yun, Sangwhan Han
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1996;8(3):509-518.   Published online December 31, 1996
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1996.8.3.509
AbstractAbstract PDF
Although noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is the most prevalent occupational disease in Korea, only 10% of the diagnosed cases are compensated. Old (1989-94) and current diagnostic criteria, criteria for workers' compensation of NIHL in Korea, compensation formulas of American Medical Association/American association of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology (AMA/AAOO), the Committee on Hearing, Bio-Acoustics, Biomechanics (CHABA), American Academy of Otolaryngology (AAO) recommendation were compared. Each criterion was applied on the audiomety data of 4044 workers (8023 ears), who had received the second line screening test of Special Periodic Health Examination Program for noise-exposed workers during 1991-2. First, the resulting proportions of NIHL cases by employing each criterion were compared and strength of agreement was measured using kappa value. Temporary Threshold Shift (TTS) was corrected by noise free interval, and the reduction ratio of NIHL cases was calculated. Theoretical progression model of NIHL was reconstructed from previous studies on the natural course of NIHL to evaluate the change of diagnosis result of each criterion in the model. The kappa value between old and current criteria was 0.19, 0.55 for current criteria and workers' corn. criteria, ranging from 0.08 to 0.78, highest coincidence was observed between current criteria and CHABA formula. The current criteria produce most similar results with CHABA formula. If TTS is corrected for NFI, there is about 14 % reduction of NIHL cases. The results of applying on NIHL progression model divided the formulas roughly into 3 groups, of which compensation criteria was the most, old criteria and AAO the least conservative. In conclusion. The result of 4 KHZ audiometry should be excluded in evaluation of hearing level and a new hearing conservation program should be set out. Current diagnostic criteria has an ambiguity in that managerial concept for prevention arid! purpose of compensation is mixed up. The current diagnostic criteria and compensation criteria could be incorporated'into 'a new formula which is based on the state of the art test for estimating everyday hearing disability.

Citations

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  • Noise-induced hearing loss in Asia
    Adrian Fuente, Louise Hickson
    International Journal of Audiology.2011; 50(sup1): S3.     CrossRef
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