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Original Article
Cooking oil fume exposure and Lung-RADS distribution among school cafeteria workers of South Korea
Minjun Kim, Yangho Kim, A Ram Kim, Woon Jung Kwon, Soyeoun Lim, Woojin Kim, Cheolin Yoo
Ann Occup Environ Med 2024;36:e2.   Published online January 31, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2024.36.e2
AbstractAbstract AbstractAbstract in Korean PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Background

Cooking oil fumes (COFs) from cooking with hot oil may contribute to the pathogenesis of lung cancer. Since 2021, occupational lung cancer for individual cafeteria workers has been recognized in South Korea. In this study, we aimed to identify the distribution of lung-imaging reporting and data system (Lung-RADS) among cafeteria workers and to determine factors related to Lung-RADS distribution.

Methods

We included 203 female participants who underwent low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening at a university hospital and examined the following variables: age, smoking status, second-hand smoke, height, weight, and years of service, mask use, cooking time, heat source, and ventilation. We divided all participants into culinary and non-culinary workers. Binomial logistic regression was conducted to determine the risk factors on LDCT of Category ≥ 3, separately for the overall group and the culinary group.

Results

In this study, Lung-RADS-positive occurred in 17 (8.4%) individuals, all of whom were culinary workers. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed and no variables were found to have a significant impact on Lung-RADS results. In the subgroup analysis, the Lung-RADS-positive, and -negative groups differed only in ventilation. Binary logistic regression showed that the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of the Lung-RADS-positive group for inappropriate ventilation at the workplace was 14.89 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.296–67.231) compared to appropriate ventilation as the reference, and the aOR for electric appliances at home was 4.59 (95% CI: 1.061–19.890) using liquid fuel as the reference.

Conclusions

The rate of Lung-RADS-positive was significantly higher among culinary workers who performed actual cooking tasks than among nonculinary workers. In addition, appropriate ventilation at the workplace made the LDCT results differ. More research is needed to identify factors that might influence LDCT findings among culinary workers, including those in other occupations.

한국 학교 급식소 종사자의 조리흄 노출과 Lung-RADS 분포
목적
2021년부터 한국에서는 개별 학교 급식 종사자의 폐암 산업재해가 인정되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 급식 종사자들의 Lung-imaging reporting and data system ( Lung-RADS ) 분포를 확인하고, Lung-RADS 분포와 관련된 요인을 탐색해보고자 한다.
방법
2020년도에 울산대학병원에서 저선량 CT를 촬영한 여성 참가자 중 203명을 대상으로 나이, 흡연 여부, 간접 흡연 여부, 키, 체중, 근무 년수, 마스크 착용 여부, 조리 시간, 열원, 환기방식 등의 변수를 조사하였다. 참가자를 조리직, 비조리직으로 분류하였다. 범주 3이상에 대한 영향을 확인하기 위해 이분형 로지스틱을 전체집단 조리직 집단에 나누어 실시하였다.
결과
Lung-RADS 양성은 17 (8.4%)명에게서 발생했고 모두 조리직에 해당했다. 이분형 로지스틱 회귀분석을 시행한 결과 전체집단에서 Lung-RADS 결과에 유의미한 영향을 주는 변수는 확인할 수 없었다. Subgroup 분석에서 Lung-RADS 양성, 음성군은 직장 내 환기방식에서만 차이가 있었다. 이분형 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과 직장에서 환기를 철저히 한 것을 참고치로 했을 때 부적절한 환기에 대한 Lung-RADS 양성의 오드비가 14.89이고 가정에서 액화연료 사용을 참고치로 했을 때 전기 요리기구 사용의 오드비는 4.59이였다.
결론
실제 조리업무를 시행하는 조리직의 경우 비조리직에 비해 Lung-RADS 양성 비율이 유의하게 높았다. 또한 조리실 환경에서 환기를 철저하게 하는 것이 Lung-RADS 소견에 영향을 주었다.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Exposure to cooking fumes in cafeteria workers in Korean schools: a pilot study
    Daesung Lim, Yong Min Cho
    Annals of Work Exposures and Health.2025; 69(1): 109.     CrossRef
  • Lung Cancer Risk in Female School Cooks: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study in the Republic of Korea
    Jungwon Jang, Eun Mi Kim, Jaiyong Kim, Jeehee Min, Inah Kim
    Safety and Health at Work.2025; 16(1): 105.     CrossRef
  • Radiological Changes in Chest Computed Tomography Findings of School Cafeteria Workers: A Comparative Study With Age-matched Controls
    Jung Hee Hong, Jin Young Kim, Kiook Baek
    Safety and Health at Work.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Cancer-related Keywords in 2023: Insights from Text Mining of a Major Consumer Portal
    Wonjeong Jeong, Eunkyoung Song, Eunzi Jeong, Kyoung Hee Oh, Hye-Sun Lee, Jae Kwan Jun
    Healthcare Informatics Research.2024; 30(4): 398.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Distribution of Lung-RADS categories according to job type in a single shipyard workers
Eui Yup Chung, Young Hoo Shin, Young Wook Kim, Jun Seok Son, Chan Woo Kim, Hyoung Ouk Park, Jun Ho Lee, Seung Hyun Park, Sung Joon Woo, Chang Ho Chae
Ann Occup Environ Med 2021;33:e22.   Published online June 23, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2021.33.e22
AbstractAbstract AbstractAbstract in Korean PDFPubReaderePub
Background

Recently, lung cancer screenings based on age and smoking history using low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) have begun in Korea. This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of lung imaging reporting and data system (Lung-RADS) categories in shipyard workers exposed to lung carcinogens such as nickel, chromium, and welding fumes according to job type, to provide basic data regarding indications for LDCT in shipyard workers.

Methods

This study included 6,326 workers from a single shipyard, who underwent health examinations with LDCT between January 2010 and December 2018. Data on age, smoking status and history, medical history, and job type were investigated. The participants were categorized into high-exposure, low-exposure, and non-exposure job groups based on the estimated exposure level of nickel, chromium, and welding fumes according to job type. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to determine the difference between exposure groups in Lung-RADS category ≥ 3 (3, 4A, and 4B).

Results

Out of all participants, 97 (1.5%) participants were classified into Lung-RADS category ≥ 3 and 7 (0.1%) participants were confirmed as lung cancer. The positive predictive value (ratio of diagnosed lung cancer cases to Lung-RADS category ≥ 3) was 7.2%. The hazard ratio (HR) of Lung-RADS category ≥ 3 was 1.451 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.911–2.309) in low-exposure and 1.692 (95% CI: 1.007–2.843) in high-exposure job group. Adjusting for age and pack-years, the HR was statistically significant only in the high-exposure job group (HR: 1.689; 95% CI: 1.004–2.841).

Conclusions

Based on LDCT and Lung-RADS, among male shipyard workers, Lung-RADS category ≥ 3 were significantly higher in the high-exposure job group. Their HR tended to be > 1.0 and was statistically significant in the high-exposure job group. Additional studies should be conducted to establish more elaborate LDCT indications for occupational health examination.

일개 조선소 근로자의 직종간 Lung-RADS 비교
목적
최근 폐암의 조기 발견을 위해 저선량 흉부CT (LDCT)를 이용하기 시작했으며, 국내에서도 연령과 흡연력을 기준으로 한 국가폐암검진이 시작되었다. 니켈, 크롬, 용접흄은 조선소 근로자에서 흔히 노출될 수 있는 폐암 발암물질로 알려져 있으나, 이러한 위험 요인은 아직 폐암 검진의 기준이 되지 못하였다. 이 연구는 LDCT를 이용하여 니켈, 크롬, 용접흄에 노출되는 일개 조선소 근로자들에서 직종과 폐 CT 선별 판독 시스템 (Lung-RADS) 양상을 비교하여, 조선소 근로자의 LDCT 적응증에 대한 기초 자료를 생성하고자 하였다.
방법
2010년 1월부터 2018년 12월까지 건강검진에 참여한 경남지역 조선소 근로자 6,326명이 연구에 참여했다. 문진과 자기기입식 설문지를 이용하여 연령, 흡연력, 과거력, 직종 등을 확인하여, 직군에 따른 크롬, 니켈, 용접흄의 노출 추정 정도에 따라 고노출 직군, 저노출 직군, 비노출군으로 분류하였다. 그룹 간 Lung-RADS 3 이상인 군에 차이가 있는지 cox 비례위험 회귀분석을 시행하였다. 또한 연령과 갑년을 보정하여 그룹간 hazard ratio (HR)를 비교하였다.
결과
전체 대상자 6,326명 중 Lung-RADS 3 이상인 군은 97명, 폐암으로 확진된 대상자는 7명으로, 양성예측도 (PPV)는 7.2%이였다. Lung-RADS 3 이상에 대하여 직군에 따른 HR은 저노출 직군 1.451 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.911-2.309), 고노출 직군 1.692 (95% CI: 1.007-2.843)으로 나타났다. 연령과 갑년을 보정했을 시 HR은 고노출 직군에서만 유의하게 1.689 (95% CI: 1.004-2.841)로 나타났다.
결론
현행의 폐암검진 방법인 LDCT와 진단기준인 Lung-RADS를 이용하였을 때, 일개 조선소 남성 근로자 중 니켈, 크롬, 용접흄 노출 직군에서 Lung-RADS 3 이상군이 유의하게 많으며, HR이 1.0보다 높은 경향을 보이고, 고노출 직군에서는 유의한 결과를 보였다. 향후 추가적인 연구를 통해 보다 정밀한 근로자 건강검진 상 LDCT 적응증을 만들어야 한다.

Citations

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  • Low Dose Computed Tomography for Lung Cancer Screening in Tuberculosis Endemic Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Vikram Damaraju, Juhu Kiran Krushna Karri, Gayathri Gandrakota, Yamini Marimuthu, Adimulam Ganga Ravindra, Rajeev Aravindakshan, Navneet Singh
    Journal of Thoracic Oncology.2025; 20(3): 296.     CrossRef
  • The effect of occupational exposure to welding fumes on trachea, bronchus, and lung cancer: A supplementary analysis of regular occupational exposure and of occasional occupational exposure based on the systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO
    Natalie C. Momen, Marissa G. Baker, Tim Driscoll, Jian Li, Martha S. Martínez-Silveira, Michelle C. Turner, Susana Viegas, Paul J. Villeneuve, Frank Pega
    Environment International.2025; 196: 109216.     CrossRef
  • Artificial intelligence-based graded training of pulmonary nodules for junior radiology residents and medical imaging students
    Xiaohong Lyu, Liang Dong, Zhongkai Fan, Yu Sun, Xianglin Zhang, Ning Liu, Dongdong Wang
    BMC Medical Education.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The effect of occupational exposure to welding fumes on trachea, bronchus and lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-related Burden of Disease and Injury
    Dana Loomis, Angel M. Dzhambov, Natalie C. Momen, Nicholas Chartres, Alexis Descatha, Neela Guha, Seong-Kyu Kang, Alberto Modenese, Rebecca L. Morgan, Seoyeon Ahn, Martha S. Martínez-Silveira, Siyu Zhang, Frank Pega
    Environment International.2022; 170: 107565.     CrossRef
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Research Article
Risk factors including night shift work of colorectal polyp
Kanghyun Um, Chung-soo Park, Cheolin Yoo, Yeon-Soon Ahn, Moonchan Kim, Kyoung Sook Jeong
Ann Occup Environ Med 2020;32:e26.   Published online July 13, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e26
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

The destruction of circadian rhythms by night shift work affects major circadian genes, which are known to play a role in advancing or killing the cell cycle through tumor suppressor genes. To find out whether night shift work affects the incidence of colorectal cancer, which was found to be associated with long-term night shift work in previous studies, we surveyed effect of night shift work on colorectal polyps that have a higher incidence than colorectal cancer and can progress to colorectal cancer.

Methods

To examine the correlation between rotating night shifts and colorectal polyps, a survey was conducted with 299 men aged 40–60 years from two university hospitals. We examined lifestyle, work history, work patterns, and colonoscopy results. The differences in prevalence among the groups was compared, and prevalence ratio (PR) was calculated via generalized linear modeling.

Results

The prevalence of colorectal polyps in night shift and non-shift workers were 53.0% and 33.5%, respectively. After adjusting for age, smoking status, dietary habits, family history of colorectal cancer, obesity, job type, night shift work (PR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.02–1.25) was a risk factor of colorectal polyps.

Conclusions

The risk of colorectal polyps was greater in night shift workers than non-shift workers. Also risk of colorectal polyp was higher in older group. Our study investigated colorectal polyp instead of colorectal cancer and lacks information about types and gene mutations of colorectal polyps. Further study is needed to clarify effect of night shift work on development of colorectal cancer.


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  • Spatial clustering of colorectal cancer in Malaysia
    Sharifah Saffinas Syed Soffian, Azmawati Mohammed Nawi, Rozita Hod, Khairul Nizam Abdul Maulud, Ahmad Tarmizi Mohd Azmi, Mohd Hazrin Hasim Hashim, Huan-Keat Chan, Muhammad Radzi Abu Hassan
    Geospatial Health.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Circadian regulation of digestive and metabolic tissues
    Zainab Taleb, Phillip Karpowicz
    American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology.2022; 323(2): C306.     CrossRef
  • Do sleep quality and psychological factors link precancerous conditions of colorectal cancer? A retrospective case-control study
    Wei Liu, Huijie Zhang
    Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology.2022; 16(2): 173.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence of Colorectal Polyps Based on Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Muscle Strength, Health Behavior, and Abdominal Obesity in Asymptomatic Elderly
    Shiyu Zhang, Junyong Zhang, Yonghwan Kim, Wangyang Zhang
    Healthcare.2021; 9(10): 1400.     CrossRef
  • The Circadian Clock Gene, Bmal1, Regulates Intestinal Stem Cell Signaling and Represses Tumor Initiation
    Kyle Stokes, Malika Nunes, Chantelle Trombley, Danilo E.F. L. Flôres, Gang Wu, Zainab Taleb, Abedalrhman Alkhateeb, Suhrid Banskota, Chris Harris, Oliver P. Love, Waliul I. Khan, Luis Rueda, John B. Hogenesch, Phillip Karpowicz
    Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2021; 12(5): 1847.     CrossRef
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Case Report
Gastric and rectal cancers in workers exposed to asbestos: a case series
Byeong Ju Choi, Saerom Lee, Iu Jin Lee, Soon Woo Park, Sanggil Lee
Ann Occup Environ Med 2020;32:e4.   Published online January 2, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e4
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

The Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute (OSHRI) of the Korea had not recognized gastrointestinal cancer as work-related disease during their evaluation. However, in 2018 OSHRI recognized gastric and rectal cancers as work-related disease in asbestos-exposed workers. We present 2 such cases along supportive evidence of causation.

Case presentation

Patient A: A 57-year-old man had worked for about 40 years since 1978 as an oxygen cutter at workplaces that dismantle ships, buildings, boilers, and thermal power plants. In November 2016, endoscopy and biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of advanced gastric cancer, for which he underwent subtotal gastrectomy and chemotherapy; however, he later died of the cancer. Patient B: A 71-year-old man had worked in shipbuilding and repair workplaces for approximately 49 years, being employed in pipe laying, asbestos insulation installation, grinding, and other ship repair work. In 2003, he was diagnosed of rectal cancer by abdominal computed tomography. He accordingly underwent surgical removal of the cancer. Based on the occupational history of the 2 patients and our review of the relevant literature addressing the occupational environment, we concluded that both patients had continuous exposure to high levels of asbestos while performing their jobs for 40 and 49 years, respectively.

Conclusion

Both patients had a history of smoking and drinking (non-occupational personal risk factors). However, the possibility of an increased risk of gastric and rectal cancers from asbestos exposure cannot be excluded. Therefore, we considered that occupational exposure to asbestos had contributed to the cancer diagnosis in these cases. Workers exposed to asbestos should be made aware of the possibility of gastric or rectal cancer, and should undergo monitoring and medical examinations. Appropriate compensation for gastric and rectal cancers that occur in workers exposed to asbestos are anticipated in future.


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  • Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances exposure and risk of gastrointestinal cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Sirui Zhang, Elizabeth Maria Kappil, Tongzhang Zheng, Paolo Boffetta, Monireh Sadat Seyyedsalehi
    European Journal of Cancer Prevention.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Sustainable management of hazardous asbestos-containing materials: Containment, stabilization and inertization
    Shiv Bolan, Leela Kempton, Timothy McCarthy, Hasintha Wijesekara, Udara Piyathilake, Tahereh Jasemizad, Lokesh P. Padhye, Tao Zhang, Jörg Rinklebe, Hailong Wang, M.B. Kirkham, Kadambot H.M. Siddique, Nanthi Bolan
    Science of The Total Environment.2023; 881: 163456.     CrossRef
  • Parkinson's disease in a worker exposed to insecticides at a greenhouse
    Yangwoo Kim, Inah Kim, Jung-Min Sung, Jaechul Song
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Increased Risk of Gastric Cancer in Asbestos-Exposed Workers: A Retrospective Cohort Study Based on Taiwan Cancer Registry 1980–2015
    Yi-Jen Fang, Hung-Yi Chuang, Chih-Hong Pan, Yu-Yin Chang, Yawen Cheng, Lukas Jyuhn-Hsiarn Lee, Jung-Der Wang
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(14): 7521.     CrossRef
  • Assessing Energy-Based CO2 Emission and Workers’ Health Risks at the Shipbreaking Industries in Bangladesh
    Nandita Mitra, Shihab Ahmad Shahriar, Nurunnaher Lovely, Md Shohel Khan, Aweng Eh Rak, S. P. Kar, Md Abdul Khaleque, Mohamad Faiz Mohd Amin, Imrul Kayes, Mohammed Abdus Salam
    Environments.2020; 7(5): 35.     CrossRef
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Research Article
Establishment and operation of a cooperative program to identify work-related acute myeloid leukemia in a general hospital
Jiyoun Jung, Hye-ran Choi, Byung-Sik Cho, Silvia Park, Jun-Pyo Myong, Mo-Yeol Kang, Hee-Je Kim
Ann Occup Environ Med 2019;31:e33.   Published online November 12, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2019.31.e33
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

The purpose of this report is to introduce the occupational cancer surveillance system, implemented in June 2018, and to share the results of our cooperative program.

Methods

The cooperative program begins when the patient is diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Newly diagnosed AML patients are admitted to the internal medicine hematology department, then attending hematology physician requests a consultation from the occupational and environmental medicine (OEM) department. The OEM doctor next visits the hospitalized patient and interviews them to take their occupational history, and preliminarily evaluates the likelihood that the condition is associated with occupation. If the patient wants to apply for compensation through the Korea Workers' Compensation & Welfare Service, the patient was informed to visits the outpatient clinic of the OEM department and requests a ‘work-relatedness evaluation report’ for use in applying for compensation.

Results

Among the 103 patients, who received an OEM departmental work history evaluation, 18 patients were considered to have a work-related incidence and 12 patients were registered in the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance system.

Conclusions

The present report provides data on a sustainable model for identifying occupational disease in a general hospital setting, while also informing patients about their occupational rights.


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  • Case-Control Study of Occupational Acute Myeloid Leukemia in the Republic of Korea
    Min Young Park, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, Jun-Pyo Myong, Byung-Sik Cho, Hee-Je Kim, Mo-Yeol Kang
    Safety and Health at Work.2023; 14(4): 451.     CrossRef
  • Effects of exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation on changing platelets: a prospective cohort study
    Ning Liu, Yang Peng, Xinguang Zhong, Zheng Ma, Suiping He, Ying Li, Wencui Zhang, Zijun Gong, Zhenjiang Yao
    Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Research Article
Relationship between occupational sunlight exposure and the incidence of renal cancer
Hyun-Suk Jang, Jong-Han Leem, Seong Soo Jeon, Shin-Goo Park, Sangyoon Lee, Yangwon Kang, Go Choi, Hyung Doo Kim, Hyeonwoo Ju, Sung Wook Jang, Youna Won, Hwan-Cheol Kim
Ann Occup Environ Med 2019;31:e32.   Published online November 7, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2019.31.e32
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

The risk factors for renal cancer include smoking, obesity, hypertension, and exposure to trichloroethylene. Recent studies have shown that low sunlight exposure increases the risk of developing a range of cancers, including renal cancer. Given that most of the daytime is spent at work, a lack of occupational sunlight exposure can be a risk factor for renal cancer. Therefore, this study examined the relationship between occupational sunlight exposure and the incidence of renal cancer.

Methods

This was a university hospital-based case-control study on renal cancer. Of the 706 newly diagnosed patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC), 633 cases were selected; 73 who had no occupational history were excluded. In addition, 633 controls were selected from the general population after 1:1 matching with respect to sex, age (within 5 years), and residential area (constituency-level). Information on sunlight exposure by the occupational group was referred to data from France. To estimate the association between occupational sunlight exposure and the RCC risk, the odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using conditional logistic regression analysis.

Results

Sunlight exposure was divided into quartiles and the risk of RCC was analyzed. The adjusted OR of RCC (OR: 0.664, 95% confidence interval: 0.449–0.983) was significantly lower for the Q4 group than Q1 group but the Q2 and Q3 groups did not show significant results. The risk of RCC tended to decrease with increasing exposure to sunlight (p for trend < 0.028).

Conclusions

Higher occupational sunlight exposure reduces the risk of RCC.


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Research Article
Night shiftwork and prostate-specific antigen level in a tire manufacturing factory
Seunghyeon Cho, Won-Ju Park, WonYang Kang, Dae-Young Lim, Suwhan Kim, Jai-Dong Moon
Ann Occup Environ Med 2019;31:e19.   Published online August 22, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2019.31.e19
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

Recent studies suggest that night shiftwork may increase the risk of prostate cancer and elevated serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level. The purpose of this study was to verify whether rotating night shiftwork affects serum PSA level.

Methods

This study included 3,195 male production workers who work in a large tire manufacturing factory. Serum PSA levels were measured and the data on related factors were obtained.

Results

The mean serum PSA level was 0.98 ± 0.79 ng/mL. PSA levels were significantly lower in the younger age group, the obese group, and regular exercise group. PSA levels were lower in night shift workers (n = 2,832) compared to day workers (n = 363), but the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusions

Unlike previous studies, we did not find any evidence that night shiftwork results in an increase in serum PSA levels. Further research and consistent results are needed to elucidate the association between night shiftwork and the effect on the prostate.


Citations

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  • Consequences of Shift Work and Night Work: A Literature Review
    Isabel Silva, Daniela Costa
    Healthcare.2023; 11(10): 1410.     CrossRef
  • Night Work and Its Health Effects: Focusing on the Relevant Laws and Regulations of the Republic of Korea
    Won-Ju Park
    Journal of Sleep Medicine.2021; 18(1): 1.     CrossRef
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Research Article
Occupational cancer claims in Korea from 2010 to 2016
Kyungjoon Lee, Sujin Lee, Jeehee Min, Inah Kim
Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:64.   Published online November 1, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0272-6
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

Research on carcinogens causing occupational cancer has been updated. Further, social interest in occupational cancer has increased. In addition, the standard for recognizing cancer as a work-related disease has also been revised. The present study aims to describe the distribution of occupational cancer claims or its approval rate and their association with work-related variables.

Methods

We analyzed 1299 claim cases for occupational cancer from 2010 to 2016 provided by the Korea Workers’ Compensation and Welfare Service (KCOMWEL). The status of approval rate was shown by year, sex, industry, occupation, age of diagnosis, duration from employment to diagnosis, and cancer site.

Results

The approval rate was 39.0% from 2010 to 2016 and tended to increase annually since 2011. Both the number of claims and the approval rate were higher in men. Mining and quarrying showed the highest approval rate (78.4%). The approval rates by age of diagnosis and duration from employment to diagnosis increased as the time periods increased. Respiratory organ had the highest number of claims and the highest approval rate by cancer site.

Conclusions

The approval rate of occupational cancer has shown an increasing trend since 2011. The increase of occupational carcinogens and cancer sites and the improvement of social awareness about occupational cancer could have resulted in this trend. The present study provides unique, and the latest and most accurate findings on occupational cancer data of recent 7 years that could be helpful to researchers or policy makers on occupational cancer.


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  • Cancer incidence among male construction workers in Korea: a standardized incidence ratio analysis, 2009-2015
    Soonsu Shin, Woo-Ri Lee, Jin-Ha Yoon, Wanhyung Lee
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    Min Young Park, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, Jun-Pyo Myong, Byung-Sik Cho, Hee-Je Kim, Mo-Yeol Kang
    Safety and Health at Work.2023; 14(4): 451.     CrossRef
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    Soo Beom Choi, Seunghyun Lee, Wanhyung Lee
    Journal of Occupational Health.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Eui Yup Chung, Young Hoo Shin, Young Wook Kim, Jun Seok Son, Chan Woo Kim, Hyoung Ouk Park, Jun Ho Lee, Seung Hyun Park, Sung Joon Woo, Chang Ho Chae
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Establishment and operation of a cooperative program to identify work-related acute myeloid leukemia in a general hospital
    Jiyoun Jung, Hye-ran Choi, Byung-Sik Cho, Silvia Park, Jun-Pyo Myong, Mo-Yeol Kang, Hee-Je Kim
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Research Article
The characteristics of asbestos-related disease claims made to the Korea Workers’ Compensation and Welfare Service (KCOMWEL) from 2011 to 2015
Yon Soo An, Hyung Doo Kim, Hyeoung Cheol Kim, Kyoung Sook Jeong, Yeon Soon Ahn
Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:45.   Published online July 11, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0256-6
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

This study aimed to enhance understanding of the epidemiologic characteristics of asbestos-related diseases, and to provide information that could inform policy-making aimed at prevention and compensation for occupational asbestos exposure, through analyzing asbestos-related occupational disease claims to Korea Workers’ Compensation and Welfare Service from 2011 to 2015.

Methods

We analyzed 113 workers who filed medical care claims or survivor benefits for asbestos exposure and occupational-related disease from 2011 to 2015. Among these claims, we selected approved workers’ compensation claims relating to malignant mesothelioma and lung cancer, and analyzed the general characteristics, exposure characteristics, pathological characteristics, and occupation and industry distribution.

Results

Malignant mesothelioma and lung cancer occurred predominantly in males at 89.7 and 94%, respectively. The mean age at the time of diagnosis for malignant mesothelioma and lung cancer was 59.5 and 59.7 years, respectively, while the latency period for malignant mesothelioma and lung cancer was 34.1 and 33.1 years, respectively. The companies involving exposed workers were most commonly situated within the Busan-Ulsan-Gyeongnam region. Histology results for lung cancer indicated adenocarcinoma as the most common form, accounting for approximately one half of all claims, followed by squamous cell carcinoma, and small cell lung cancer. The most common occupation type was construction in respect of malignant mesothelioma, and shipbuilding in respect of lung cancer.

Conclusions

Considering the long latency period of asbestos and that the peak period of asbestos use in Korea was throughout the mid-1990s, damage due to asbestos-related diseases is expected to show a continued long-term increase. Few studies providing an epidemiologic analysis of asbestos-related diseases are available; therefore, this study may provide baseline data to assist in predicting and preparing for future harm due to asbestos exposure.

Trial registration

DUIH 2018–02–004-001. Registered 28 Februrary 2018.


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    Paul J Nicholson
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    Yawen Cheng, Yi-Ling Huang, Lukas Jyuhn-Hsiarn Lee
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  • Standardized Incidence Ratio and Standardized Mortality Ratio of Malignant Mesothelioma in a Worker Cohort Using Employment Insurance Database in Korea
    Eun-A Kim
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    Min-Sung Kang, Sung-Soo Lee, Soon-Chan Kwon, Da-An Huh, Yong-Jin Lee
    Applied Sciences.2021; 11(20): 9713.     CrossRef
  • The Epidemiologic Characteristics of Malignant Mesothelioma Cases in Korea: Findings of the Asbestos Injury Relief System from 2011–2015
    Soon-Chan Kwon, Sung-Soo Lee, Min-Sung Kang, Da-An Huh, Yong-Jin Lee
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(19): 10007.     CrossRef
  • Malignant mesothelioma in construction workers: the Apulia regional mesothelioma register, Southern Italy
    L. Vimercati, D. Cavone, A. Caputi, M. C. Delfino, L. De Maria, G. M. Ferri, G. Serio
    BMC Research Notes.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Review
A brief review of relationship between occupational benzene exposure and hematopoietic cancer
Jin-Ha Yoon, Woo Seok Kwak, Yeon-Soon Ahn
Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:33.   Published online May 10, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0245-9
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

We reviewed articles to clarify the current evidence status for 1) types of cancer which related to benzene exposure, and 2) certain benzene exposure level which might cause the hematopoietic cancers. Hematopoietic function of the bone marrow is involved in the production of all blood cells types. The benzene metabolites including benzoquinone and mucoaldehyde affect hematopoietic stem cells as well as differentiation steps of progenitor cells for each blood cell. Hence, we concluded that benzene was associated with all lymphohematic carcinogenesis. First, it is supported by biological plausibility. Second, it is supported by meta-analysis although sing study did not show relationship due to lack of sample size or statistical power. More recent studies show lesser exposed level related to risk of cancer, compare to past studies did. Actually, early studies show the risk of malignancies in workers who exposed more than 200 ppm-years. However, only 0.5 to 1 ppm-year benzene exposed show significant linking to risk of malignancies in recent study. As reviewed research articles, we concluded that the relatively lower exposure level, such as 0.5–1 ppm-year, will be considering at risk of hematopoietic cancer. However, more research needs to be done on dose-response analysis.


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    Boshen Wang, Fei Li, Juan Hu, Fengmei Sun, Lei Han, Juan Zhang, Baoli Zhu
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Research Article
Increased risk of thyroid cancer in female residents nearby nuclear power plants in Korea: was it due to detection bias?
Bong-Kyu Kim, Jung-Min Kim, Myoung-Hee Kim, Do-Myung Paek, Seung-Sik Hwang, Mi-Na Ha, Young-Su Ju
Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:21.   Published online April 10, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0233-0
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

The Korea Radiation Effect & Epidemiology Cohort - The resident cohort (KREEC-R) study concluded that there is no epidemiological or causal evidence supporting any increase in cancer risks resulting from radiation from Korean nuclear power plants (NPPs). But the risks of thyroid cancer in women were significantly higher in residents living near NPPs than control. Debate about the cause of the pattern of thyroid cancer incidence in women is ongoing and some researchers argue that detection bias influenced the result of KREEC-R study. Therefore there was a need to investigate whether residents living near NPPs who were assessed in the KREEC-R were actually tested more often for thyroid cancer. We evaluated the possibility of detection bias in the finding of the KREEC-R study based on materials available at this time.

Methods

Using the KREEC-R raw data, we calculated age standardized rates (ASRs) of female thyroid cancer and re-analyzed the results of survey on the use of medical services. We also marked the administrative districts of residents who received the Radiation Health Research Institute (RHRI) health examinations and those in which thyroid cancer case occurred as per the Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS) final report on maps where the locations of NPPs and 5 km-radii around them were also indicated. And we compared the incidence rates of Radiation-induced cancer measured between the first period when RHRI health examinations were not yet implemented, and the second period when the RHRI health examinations were implemented.

Results

The ASR for the far-distance group, which comprised residents living in areas outside the 30 km radius of the NPPs, increased rapidly after 2000; however, that of the exposed group, which comprised residents living within a 5 km radius of the NPPs, started to increase rapidly even before 1995. The frequencies of the use of medical services were significantly higher in the intermediate proximate group, which comprised residents living within a 5–30 km radius of the NPPs, than in the exposed group in women. In case of female thyroid cancer, the second period ASR was higher than the first period ASR, but in case of female liver cancer and female stomach cancer no significant difference were observed between the periods. On map, many administrative districts of residents who received RHRI health examinations and most administrative districts in which thyroid cancer case occurred on RIMS final report were outside 5 km-radii around NPPs.

Conclusions

We could not find any evidence supporting the assertion that detection bias influenced the increased risks of female thyroid cancer observed in the exposed group of the KREEC-R study, as opposed to the control group.


Citations

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  • Nuclear Radiation and Thyroid Cancer; A Systematic Review
    Amir Reza Bolkheir, Afshin Ostovar, Maryam Moradinasab, Bagher Larijani
    Iranian South Medical Journal.2022; 25(3): 261.     CrossRef
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Review
The standards for recognition of occupational cancers related with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Korea
Tae-Won Jang, Yangho Kim, Jong-Uk Won, Jong-Seong Lee, Jaechul Song
Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:13.   Published online February 26, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0224-1
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen. PAHs have carcinogenicity in human. Cancers related with PAHs include cancers of lung, skin, bladder, and others. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has determined several occupations that can be exposure to PAHs were probable carcinogens to human. National Toxicology Program (NTP) classified coal tars and coal tar pitches, and coke oven emissions as known to human carcinogens, and US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) classified coke oven emissions as human carcinogen.

PAHs can be produced both naturally and artificially. Sources of occupational exposure include coal gasification, coke production, coal tar distillation, aluminium production, and so on. Diesel exhaust emission contains large amount of PAHs. Cigarette smoking also contains many PAHs, which is the important source of environmental source of PAHs.

The evaluation for work-relatedness and standards for recognition of occupational cancers should focus on occupations that can be exposed to PAHs. In Korea, standards for recognition of occupational cancers related with PAHs are following: lung cancers related with more than 10 years exposure to coal tar pitch, lung and skin cancers related with soot exposure, and skin cancers related with more than 10 years exposure to coal tar. When applying these standards, occupations that can be exposed to PAHs should be focused on. In addition, latent period for solid cancer should be considered. In addition to these occupations, diesel engine combustion and firefighters can be exposed to PAHs.


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  • A Review of the Effect of Outdoor Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Bladder Cancer
    Marzieh Bayat, Parisa Asban, Fatemeh Koshki Nasab, Masoume Taherian, Arefeh Sepahvand, Ali Farhadi, Bita Falahi, Mohammad Javad Mohammadi, Majid Farhadi
    Health Scope.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effect of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) on Respiratory Diseases and the Risk Factors Related to Cancer
    Majid Ravanbakhsh, Homayon Yousefi, Elena Lak, Mohammad Javed Ansari, Wanich Suksatan, Qutaiba A. Qasim, Parisa Asban, Mahsa Kianizadeh, Mohammad Javad Mohammadi
    Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds.2023; 43(9): 8371.     CrossRef
  • The effect of toxic air pollutants on fertility men and women, fetus and birth rate
    Ria Margiana, Homayon Yousefi, Arghavan Afra, Agustinus Agustinus, Walid Kamal Abdelbasset, Mariya Kuznetsova, Sara Mansourimoghadam, Hafez Ajam Ekrami, Mohammad Javad Mohammadi
    Reviews on Environmental Health.2023; 38(3): 565.     CrossRef
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Review
Overview of occupational cancer in painters in Korea
Jun-Pyo Myong, Younmo Cho, Min Choi, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim
Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:10.   Published online February 6, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0222-3
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

Comprehensive consideration is necessary for setting guidelines to evaluate evidence of occupational cancer in painters due to work-related exposure to carcinogens in paint (a phenomenon termed herein as “work-relatedness”). The aim of the present research is to perform a comprehensive review and to suggest criteria for the provision of compensation for occupational neoplasm among painters in Korea. In order to perform a comprehensive review, this study assessed and evaluated scientific reports of carcinogenicities from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and the Industrial Injuries Advisory Council (IIAC), as well as reviewed the existing literature about occupational exposure among painters in Korea and the epidemiologic investigations of claimed cases of cancer among painters in Korea. The IARC declares that occupational exposures in commercial painting are classified as Group 1 carcinogens for lung cancer and bladder cancer among painters. The epidemiologic studies show consistent causal relationships between occupational exposure in painters and cancers such as lung cancer [meta relative risk: 1.34 (95% confidence intervals (CIs): 1.23-1.41)] and bladder cancer [meta relative risk: 1.24 (95% CIs: 1.16-1.33)]. In reviewing occupational cancer risks for commercial painters, the Industrial Injuries Advisory Council (IIAC) confirms occupational cancer risks for lung and bladder cancer among commercial painters. According to the IIAC, however, the elevated cancer risks reported in existing literature are not doubled in either lung or bladder cancer in commercial painters relative to the risks of these cancers in the general population. Based on our review of existing Korean articles on the topic, painters are exposed to potential carcinogens including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), benzene, hexavalent chrome, crystalized silica, asbestos, and other agents, and relative levels are estimated within commercial painting processes. However, the cancer risks of occupational exposure to Group 1 carcinogens for lung and bladder cancer in painters per se are not fully assessed in existing Korean articles. Total work duration, potential carcinogens in paint, mixed exposure to paints across various industries such as construction and shipbuilding, exposure periods, latent periods, and other factors should be considered on an individual basis in investigating the work-relatedness of certain types of cancer in commercial painters.


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    Solaindy Andrea Zapata-Alvarez, Dayanis Bautista-Avila, Carla Patricia Laguna-Acosta, Pier Paolo Rojas-Valderrama, Yessica Alejandra Rincón-Rojas, Fabiola Contreras-Pacheco
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    Jiyoun Jung, Hye-ran Choi, Byung-Sik Cho, Silvia Park, Jun-Pyo Myong, Mo-Yeol Kang, Hee-Je Kim
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Review
Radiation-related occupational cancer and its recognition criteria in South Korea
Songwon Seo, Dalnim Lee, Ki Moon Seong, Sunhoo Park, Soo-Geun Kim, Jong-Uk Won, Young Woo Jin
Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:9.   Published online February 2, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0219-y
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

Ionizing radiation is a well-known carcinogen, and is listed as one carcinogenic agent of occupational cancer. Given the increase in the number of workers exposed to radiation, as well as the increase in concern regarding occupational cancer, the number of radiation-related occupational cancer claims is expected to increase. Unlike exposure assessment of other carcinogenic agents in the workplace, such as asbestos and benzene, radiation exposure is usually assessed on an individual basis with personal dosimeters, which makes it feasible to assess whether a worker’s cancer occurrence is associated with their individual exposure. However, given the absence of a threshold dose for cancer initiation, it remains difficult to identify radiation exposure as the root cause of occupational cancer. Moreover, the association between cancer and radiation exposure in the workplace has not been clearly established due to a lack of scientific evidence. Therefore, criteria for the recognition of radiation-related occupational cancer should be carefully reviewed and updated with new scientific evidence and social consensus. The current criteria in Korea are valid in terms of eligible radiogenic cancer sites, adequate latent period, assessment of radiation exposure, and probability of causation. However, reducing uncertainty with respect to the determination of causation between exposure and cancer and developing more specific criteria that considers mixed exposure to radiation and other carcinogenic agents remains an important open question.


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    O. A. Glavin, E. A. Domina, V. S. Ivankova, V. M. Mikhailenko, L. I. Makovetska, T. V. Khrulenko, M. O. Druzhyna
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    I. Galstyan, V. Nugis, F. Torubarov, B. Kukhta, M. Konchalovsky, A. Kretov, A. Bushmanov
    Medical Radiology and radiation safety.2021; 65(6): 76.     CrossRef
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    Ning Liu, Yang Peng, Xinguang Zhong, Zheng Ma, Suiping He, Ying Li, Wencui Zhang, Zijun Gong, Zhenjiang Yao
    Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    L. O. Herasymchuk, G. M. Martenyuk, R. A. Valerko, M. M. Kravchuk
    Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems.2019; 10(1): 32.     CrossRef
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    Ji-Sung Ahn, Jai-Dong Moon, Wonyang Kang, Hyeong-Min Lim, Seunghyeon Cho, Dae-Young Lim, Won-Ju Park
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Simona Gaetani, Federica Monaco, Massimo Bracci, Veronica Ciarapica, Giulia Impollonia, Matteo Valentino, Marco Tomasetti, Lory Santarelli, Monica Amati
    Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018; 75(10): 724.     CrossRef
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Review
Review of carcinogenicity of hexavalent chrome and proposal of revising approval standards for an occupational cancers in Korea
Jungwon Kim, Sangyun Seo, Yangho Kim, Dae Hwan Kim
Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:7.   Published online January 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0215-2
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

The objective of this study is to suggest revised recognition standards for occupational disease due to chromium (VI) by reflecting recent domestic and international research works and considering domestic exposure status with respect to target organs, exposure period, and cumulative exposure dose in relation to the chromium (VI)-induced occupational disease compensation.

Methods

In this study, the reports published by major international institutions such as World Health Organization (WHO) International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) (2012), Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) (2006), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) (2013), American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) (2004), National Toxicology Program (NTP) (2014), and Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ASTDR) (2012) were reviewed and the recent research works searched by PubMed were summarized.

Results

Considering the recent research works and the domestic situation, only lung cancer is conserved in the legislative bill in relation to chromium (VI), and the exposure period is not included in the bill. Nasal and paranasal sinus cancer was excluded from the list of cancers that are compensated as the chromium (VI)- induced occupational disease, while lung cancer remains in the list. In the view of legislative unity, considering the fact that only the cancers having sufficient evidence are included in the conventional list of cancers compensated as occupational disease, nasal and paranasal sinus cancer having limited evidence were excluded from the list.

The exposure period was also removed from the legislative bill due to the insufficient evidence. Recent advices in connection with cumulative exposure dose were proposed, and other considerable points were provided with respect to individual occupational relevance.

Conclusions

It is suggested that the current recognition standard which is “Lung cancer or nasal and paranasal sinus cancer caused by exposure to chromium (VI) or compounds thereof (exposure for two years or longer), or nickel compounds” should be changed to “Lung cancer caused by exposure to chromium (VI) or compounds thereof, and lung cancer or nasal and paranasal sinus cancer caused by exposure to nickel compounds”.


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    Fatma M. El-Demerdash, Mustafa M. Karhib, Nora F. Ghanem, Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim, Raghda A. El-Sayed
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    Saulesh Kurmangaliyeva, Kristina Baktikulova, Viktoriya Tkachenko, Bibigul Seitkhanova, Nasriddin Shapambayev, Farida Rakhimzhanova, Altyn Almagambetova, Kairat Kurmangaliyev
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    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(4): 3305.     CrossRef
  • Ecological risk assessment of metal and hydrocarbon pollution in sediments from an urban tropical estuary: Tijuca lagoon (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)
    Matheus Teixeira, Ricardo Cesar, Denis Abessa, Celeste Siqueira, Rodrigo Lourenço, Mariana Vezzone, Yan Fernandes, Gustavo Koifman, Fernando Cesar Perina, Roberto Meigikos dos Anjos, Helena Polivanov, Zuleica Castilhos
    Environmental Science and Pollution Research.2023; 30(1): 184.     CrossRef
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    Coatings.2022; 12(2): 257.     CrossRef
  • On the Determination of Cr(VI) in Cr(III)-Rich Particulates: From the Failure of Official Methods to the Development of an Alternative Protocol
    Andrea Spinazzè, Davide Spanu, Pietro Della Bella, Cristina Corti, Francesca Borghi, Giacomo Fanti, Andrea Cattaneo, William Robert Wise, Stefan John Davis, Domenico Maria Cavallo, Sandro Recchia
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(19): 12111.     CrossRef
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    Carla Cedillo Alvarez, María Elena Bravo Gómez, Araceli Hernández Zavala
    Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology.2021; 65: 126729.     CrossRef
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    Fei Li, Jingjing Yan, Yongchang Wei, Jingjing Zeng, Xiaoying Wang, Xiyao Chen, Chuanrong Zhang, Weidong Li, Min Chen, Guonian Lü
    Journal of Cleaner Production.2021; 286: 124967.     CrossRef
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Research Article
Probability of causation for occupational cancer after exposure to ionizing radiation
Eun-A Kim, Eujin Lee, Seong-Kyu Kang, Meeseon Jeong
Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:3.   Published online January 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0220-5
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

Probability of causation (PC) is a reasonable way to estimate causal relationships in radiation-related cancer. This study reviewed the international trend, usage, and critiques of the PC method. Because it has been used in Korea, it is important to check the present status and estimation of PC in radiation-related cancers in Korea.

Methods

Research articles and official reports regarding PC of radiation-related cancer and published from the 1980s onwards were reviewed, including studies used for the revision of the Korean PC program. PC has been calculated for compensation-related cases in Korea since 2005.

Results

The United States National Institutes of Health first estimated the PC in 1985. Among the 106 occupational diseases listed in the International Labor Organization Recommendation 194 (International Labor Office (ILO), ILO List of Occupational Diseases, 2010), PC is available only for occupational cancer after ionizing radiation exposure. The United States and United Kingdom use PC as specific criteria for decisions on the compensability of workers’ radiation-related health effects. In Korea, PC was developed firstly as Korean Radiation Risk and Assigned Share (KORRAS) in 1999. In 2015, the Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute and Radiation Health Research Institute jointly developed a more revised PC program, Occupational Safety and Health-PC (OSH-PC). Between 2005 and 2015, PC was applied in 16 claims of workers’ compensation for radiation-related cancers. In most of the cases, compensation was given when the PC was more than 50%. However, in one case, lower than 50% PC was accepted considering the possibility of underestimation of the cumulative exposure dose.

Conclusions

PC is one of the most advanced tools for estimating the causation of occupational cancer. PC has been adjusted for baseline cancer incidence in Korean workers, and for uncertainties using a statistical method. Because the fundamental reason for under- or over-estimation is probably inaccurate dose reconstruction, a proper guideline is necessary.


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  • Assessment of risks for breast cancer in a flight attendant exposed to night shift work and cosmic ionizing radiation: a case report
    Dong Joon Park, Sungkyun Park, Seong Won Ma, Hoekyeong Seo, Sang Gil Lee, Kyung-Eun Lee
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of Attributability of Cancer to Radiation Exposure Using Probability of Causation: Issues and Perspectives
    Shinji YOSHINAGA
    Japanese Journal of Health Physics.2021; 56(4): 306.     CrossRef
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    Shunji Gao, Yanyan Yu, Lu Liu, Jun Meng, Guifang Li
    Life Sciences.2019; 233: 116692.     CrossRef
  • Acute radiation syndrome in a non-destructive testing worker: a case report
    Ji-Sung Ahn, Jai-Dong Moon, Wonyang Kang, Hyeong-Min Lim, Seunghyeon Cho, Dae-Young Lim, Won-Ju Park
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Review
Recognition criteria for occupational cancers in relation to hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus in Korea
Hogil Kim, Yun Kyung Chung, Inah Kim
Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:6.   Published online January 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0217-0
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

The goal of this study was to review the scientific basis for the recognition of occupational cancer, in relation to hepatitis viral infections in Korea. Most Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections in Korea occur as vertical infections, but these are decreasing rapidly due to vaccination. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is known to be transmitted through parenteral routes, but the transmission route is often unclear. Most occupational infections of hepatitis virus involve accidental injuries of medical institution workers while using virus-contaminated medical devices. Many cohort studies and case-control studies have consistently reported that HBV and HCV infection increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the strength of this association is high. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma appears to be associated with HCV. Cholangiocarcinoma, pancreatic cancer, leukemia, and thyroid cancer are considered to be less related or unrelated to epidemiological causation. There are no uniform international specific criteria for occupational cancer caused through occupational exposure to a hepatitis virus. In establishing appropriate standards applicable to Korea, there should be sufficient consideration of latency, virus exposure levels and frequency, and other cancers, apart from HCC.

In conclusion, we recommend keeping the current specific criteria. However, if a worker is injured at work when using a sharp medical device, and HBV and HCV viral infections are confirmed through serologic tests; if the worker is diagnosed as having a chronic HBV or HCV infection, a subsequent HCC (or Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma following chronic HCV infection) can then be considered highly related to the worker’s occupation.


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  • Seroprevalence of measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella-zoster antibodies in new female nurses in the Republic of Korea
    Yeongjae Yoo, Won-Ju Park, Seunghyeon Cho, Dae-Young Lim, Suwhan Kim, Wonyang Kang, Hyeonjun Kim, Jai-Dong Moon
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Review
Silica exposure and work-relatedness evaluation for occupational cancer in Korea
Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, Boowook Kim, Bum Seak Jo, Ji-Won Lee
Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:4.   Published online January 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0216-1
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

Crystalline silica has been classified as a definite carcinogen (Group 1) causing lung cancer by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). In Korea, crystalline silica has been the most common causal agent for workers to apply to the Korea Workers’ Compensation and Welfare Service (KWCWS). We used KWCWS data to evaluate workers’ crystalline silica exposure levels according to their occupations and industries, and reviewed research papers describing the dose-response relationship between cumulative exposure levels and lung cancer incidence. In addition, we reviewed lung cancer cases accepted by the KWCWS, and suggest new criteria for defining occupational cancer caused by crystalline silica in Korea. Rather than confining to miners, we propose recognizing occupational lung cancer whenever workers with pneumoconiosis develop lung cancer, regardless of their industry. Simultaneous exposure and lag time should also be considered in evaluations of work-relatedness.


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  • Development of Korean CARcinogen EXposure: occupation-based exposure matrix
    Dong-Hee Koh, Sangjun Choi, Ju-Hyun Park, Sang-Gil Lee, Hwan-Cheol Kim, Inah Kim, Jeehee Min, Yujin Kim, Dong-Uk Park
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    Fatima Youness, Sara Akhtiyar, Ali Tehrani-Bagha, Rana A. Bilbeisi
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    Marina Ruxandra Oțelea
    Romanian Journal of Occupational Medicine.2022; 73(1): 45.     CrossRef
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    Boowook Kim, Eunyoung Kim, Wonseok Cha, Jungah Shin, Byung-Soon Choi, Daeho Kim, Miyeon Kim, Wonyang Kang, Sungwon Choi
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    Chengcheng Cui, Dayong Shen, Dandan Zuo, Xinchun Ye
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    Emile Tompa, Amirabbas Mofidi, Chaojie Song, Victoria Arrandale, Katherine J. Jardine, Hugh Davies, Thomas Tenkate, Paul A. Demers
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    Rodney Ehrlich, Jill Murray, David Rees
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Short Communication
Environmental health centers for asbestos and their health impact surveys and activities
Dong-Mug Kang, Jong-Eun Kim, Yong-Jin Lee, Hyun-Hee Lee, Chang-yeol Lee, Seong-Jae Moon, Min-Sung Kang
Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:68.   Published online December 1, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0154-8
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

In 2009, Korea banned the import, transport, and use of asbestos, and the Asbestos Injury Relief Act (AIRA) was promulgated in 2011. Two environmental health centers for asbestos (EHCA), including Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital (PNUYH) and SoonChunHyang University Cheonan Hospital (SCHUCH), were adapted to find environmental asbestos-related diseases (ARDs) and to support the purposes of AIRA. EHCA conducted a health impact survey (HIS) on persons who resided or reside near asbestos factories or mines. A total of 13,433 persons have taken screening examinations in PNUYH EHCA, and 623 persons (4.6%) have had secondary examinations. Of the 21,014 persons who had screening examinations in SCHUCH EHCA, 2490 persons (11.8%) had secondary examinations. Some of those who tested positive for ARDs through HISs filed applications for the asbestos victims’ medical pocketbook (AVMP). Approximately 116 and 612 persons received AVMPs as a result of PNUYH and SCHUCH examinees, respectively. EHCAs have conducted HISs, public relations, and education for asbestos victims, ordinary citizens, and physicians. As HISs are based on voluntary participation, they does not monitor high-risk groups. Active surveillance focusing on high-risk groups has been blocked by the personal information protection act. Although important work has been performed in finding environmental asbestos victims and increasing public awareness on asbestos, it is necessary to improve the current system and registration.


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    Da-An Huh, Yun-Hee Choi, Lita Kim, Kangyeon Park, Jiyoun Lee, Se Hyun Hwang, Kyong Whan Moon, Min-Sung Kang, Yong-Jin Lee
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    Min-Sung Kang, Woo-Ri Chae, Yong-Jin Lee, Kyong Whan Moon
    Toxics.2023; 12(1): 20.     CrossRef
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    Da-An Huh, Woo-Ri Chae, Yun-Hee Choi, Min-Sung Kang, Yong-Jin Lee, Kyong-Whan Moon
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(23): 15934.     CrossRef
  • Occupational and environmental asbestos exposure and the risk of lung cancer in Korea: A case-control study in South Chungcheong Province of Korea
    Da-An Huh, Min-Sung Kang, Jiyun Lee, Ji Yoon Choi, Kyong Whan Moon, Yong-Jin Lee, Flavio Manoel Rodrigues Da Silva Júnior
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    Dongmug Kang, Seung Ho Lee, Yoon Ji Kim, Tae Kyoung Kim, Ju Young Kim, Youngki Kim
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    Hideki Hasunuma, Masayuki Shima
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    Yu-Ryong Yoon, Kyeong Kwak, Yeyong Choi, Kanwoo Youn, Jinwook Bahk, Dong-Mug Kang, Domyung Paek
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Review
Indoor radon exposure and lung cancer: a review of ecological studies
Ji Young Yoon, Jung-Dong Lee, So Won Joo, Dae Ryong Kang
Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:15.   Published online March 25, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0098-z
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

Lung cancer has high mortality and incidence rates. The leading causes of lung cancer are smoking and radon exposure. Indeed, the World Health Organization (WHO) has categorized radon as a carcinogenic substance causing lung cancer. Radon is a natural, radioactive substance; it is an inert gas that mainly exists in soil or rock. The gas decays into radioactive particles called radon progeny that can enter the human body through breathing. Upon entering the body, these radioactive elements release α-rays that affect lung tissue, causing lung cancer upon long-term exposure thereto. Epidemiological studies first outlined a high correlation between the incidence rate of lung cancer and exposure to radon progeny among miners in Europe. Thereafter, data and research on radon exposure and lung cancer incidence in homes have continued to accumulate. Many international studies have reported increases in the risk ratio of lung cancer when indoor radon concentrations inside the home are high.

Although research into indoor radon concentrations and lung cancer incidence is actively conducted throughout North America and Europe, similar research is lacking in Korea. Recently, however, studies have begun to accumulate and report important data on indoor radon concentrations across the nation. In this study, we aimed to review domestic and foreign research into indoor radon concentrations and to outline correlations between indoor radon concentrations in homes and lung cancer incidence, as reported in ecological studies thereof.

Herein, we noted large differences in radon concentrations between and within individual countries. For Korea, we observed tremendous differences in indoor radon concentrations according to region and year of study, even within the same region. In correlation analysis, lung cancer incidence was not found to be higher in areas with high indoor radon concentrations in Korea.

Through our review, we identified a need to implement a greater variety of statistical analyses in research on indoor radon concentrations and lung cancer incidence. Also, we suggest that cohort research or patient-control group research into radon exposure and lung cancer incidence that considers smoking and other factors is warranted.


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Review
Gene mutation discovery research of non-smoking lung cancer patients due to indoor radon exposure
Jung Ran Choi, Seong Yong Park, O Kyu Noh, Young Wha Koh, Dae Ryong Kang
Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:13.   Published online March 16, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0095-2
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

Although the incidence and mortality for most cancers such as lung and colon are decreasing in several countries, they are increasing in several developed countries because of an unhealthy western lifestyles including smoking, physical inactivity and consumption of calorie-dense food. The incidences for lung and colon cancers in a few of these countries have already exceeded those in the United States and other western countries. Among them, lung cancer is the main cause of cancer death in worldwide. The cumulative survival rate at five years differs between 13 and 21 % in several countries. Although the most important risk factors are smoking for lung cancer, however, the increased incidence of lung cancer in never smokers(LCINS) is necessary to improve knowledge concerning other risk factors. Environmental factors and genetic susceptibility are also thought to contribute to lung cancer risk. Patients with lung adenocarcinoma who have never smoking frequently contain mutation within tyrosine kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) gene. Also, K-ras mutations are more common in individuals with a history of smoking use and are related with resistance to EFGR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Recently, radon(Rn), natural and noble gas, has been recognized as second common reason of lung cancer. In this review, we aim to know whether residential radon is associated with an increased risk for developing lung cancer and regulated by several genetic polymorphisms.


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Review
Residential radon and environmental burden of disease among Non-smokers
Juhwan Noh, Jungwoo Sohn, Jaelim Cho, Dae Ryong Kang, Sowon Joo, Changsoo Kim, Dong Chun Shin
Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:12.   Published online March 15, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0092-5
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

Lung cancer was the second highest absolute cancer incidence globally and the first cause of cancer mortality in 2014. Indoor radon is the second leading risk factor of lung cancer after cigarette smoking among ever smokers and the first among non-smokers. Environmental burden of disease (EBD) attributable to residential radon among non-smokers is critical for identifying threats to population health and planning health policy.

Methods

To identify and retrieve literatures describing environmental burden of lung cancer attributable to residential radon, we searched databases including Ovid-MEDLINE, -EMBASE from 1980 to 2016. Search terms included patient keywords using ‘lung’, ‘neoplasm’, exposure keywords using ‘residential’, ‘radon’, and outcomes keywords using ‘years of life lost’, ‘years of life lost due to disability’, ‘burden’. Searching through literatures identified 261 documents; further 9 documents were identified using manual searching. Two researchers independently assessed 271 abstracts eligible for inclusion at the abstract level. Full text reviews were conducted for selected publications after the first assessment. Ten studies were included in the final evaluation.

Review

Global disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs)(95 % uncertainty interval) for lung cancer were increased by 35.9 % from 23,850,000(18,835,000-29,845,000) in 1900 to 32,405,000(24,400,000-38,334,000) in 2000. DALYs attributable to residential radon were 2,114,000(273,000-4,660,000) DALYs in 2010. Lung cancer caused 34,732,900(33,042,600 ~ 36,328,100) DALYs in 2013. DALYs attributable to residential radon were 1,979,000(1,331,000-2,768,000) DALYs for in 2013. The number of attributable lung cancer cases was 70-900 and EBD for radon was 1,000-14,000 DALYs in Netherland. The years of life lost were 0.066 years among never-smokers and 0.198 years among ever-smoker population in Canada.

Conclusion

In summary, estimated global EBD attributable to residential radon was 1,979,000 DALYs for both sexes in 2013. In Netherlands, EBD for radon was 1,000–14,000 DALYs. Smoking population lost three times more years than never-smokers in Canada. There was no study estimating EBD of residential radon among never smokers in Korea and Asian country. In addition, there were a few studies reflecting the age of building, though residential radon exposure level depends on the age of building. Further EBD study reflecting Korean disability weight and the age of building is required to estimate EBD precisely.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40557-016-0092-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.


Citations

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An updated review of case–control studies of lung cancer and indoor radon-Is indoor radon the risk factor for lung cancer?
Seungsoo Sheen, Keu Sung Lee, Wou Young Chung, Saeil Nam, Dae Ryong Kang
Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:9.   Published online March 3, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0094-3
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. Smoking is definitely the most important risk factor for lung cancer. Radon (222Rn) is a natural gas produced from radium (226Ra) in the decay series of uranium (238U). Radon exposure is the second most common cause of lung cancer and the first risk factor for lung cancer in never-smokers.

Case–control studies have provided epidemiological evidence of the causative relationship between indoor radon exposure and lung cancer. Twenty-four case–control study papers were found by our search strategy from the PubMed database. Among them, seven studies showed that indoor radon has a statistically significant association with lung cancer. The studies performed in radon-prone areas showed a more positive association between radon and lung cancer. Reviewed papers had inconsistent results on the dose–response relationship between indoor radon and lung cancer risk.

Further refined case–control studies will be required to evaluate the relationship between radon and lung cancer. Sufficient study sample size, proper interview methods, valid and precise indoor radon measurement, wide range of indoor radon, and appropriate control of confounders such as smoking status should be considered in further case–control studies.


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Review
Attributable risk of lung cancer deaths due to indoor radon exposure
Si-Heon Kim, Won Ju Hwang, Jeong-Sook Cho, Dae Ryong Kang
Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:8.   Published online February 26, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0093-4
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

Exposure to radon gas is the second most common cause of lung cancer after smoking. A large number of studies have reported that exposure to indoor radon, even at low concentrations, is associated with lung cancer in the general population. This paper reviewed studies from several countries to assess the attributable risk (AR) of lung cancer death due to indoor radon exposure and the effect of radon mitigation thereon. Worldwide, 3–20 % of all lung cancer deaths are likely caused by indoor radon exposure. These values tend to be higher in countries reporting high radon concentrations, which can depend on the estimation method. The estimated number of lung cancer deaths due to radon exposure in several countries varied from 150 to 40,477 annually. In general, the percent ARs were higher among never-smokers than among ever-smokers, whereas much more lung cancer deaths attributable to radon occurred among ever-smokers because of the higher rate of lung cancers among smokers. Regardless of smoking status, the proportion of lung cancer deaths induced by radon was slightly higher among females than males. However, after stratifying populations according to smoking status, the percent ARs were similar between genders. If all homes with radon above 100 Bq/m3 were effectively remediated, studies in Germany and Canada found that 302 and 1704 lung cancer deaths could be prevented each year, respectively. These estimates, however, are subject to varying degrees of uncertainty related to the weakness of the models used and a number of factors influencing indoor radon concentrations.


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Review
Review of carcinogenicity of asbestos and proposal of approval standards of an occupational cancer caused by asbestos in Korea
Sanghyuk Im, Kan-woo Youn, Donghee Shin, Myeoung-jun Lee, Sang-Jun Choi
Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:34.   Published online December 30, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0080-1
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

Carcinogenicity of asbestos has been well established for decades and it has similar approval standards in most advanced countries based on a number of studies and international meetings. However, Korea has been lagging behind such international standards. In this study, we proposed the approval standards of an occupational cancer due to asbestos through intensive review on the Helsinki Criteria, post-Helsinki studies, job exposure matrix (JEM) based on the analysis of domestic reports and recognized occupational lung cancer cases in Korea. The main contents of proposed approval standards are as follows; ① In recognizing an asbestos-induced lung cancer, diagnosis of asbestosis should be based on CT. In addition, initial findings of asbestosis on CT should be considered. ② High Exposure industries and occupations to asbestos should be also taken into account in Korea ③ An expert’s determination is warranted in case of a worker who has been concurrently exposed to other carcinogens, even if the asbestos exposure duration is less than 10 years. ④ Determination of a larynx cancer due to asbestos exposure has the same approval standards with an asbestos-induced lung cancer. However, for an ovarian cancer, an expert’s judgment is necessary even if asbestosis, pleural plaque or pleural thickening and high concentration asbestos exposure are confirmed. ⑤ Cigarette smoking status or the extent should not affect determination of an occupational cancer caused by asbestos as smoking and asbestos have a synergistic effect in causing a lung cancer and they are involved in carcinogenesis in a complicated manner.


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    Xujun Li, Xin Su, Li Wei, Junhang Zhang, Donglei Shi, Zhaojun Wang
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Case Report
Risk assessment of gastric cancer associated with asbestosis: a case report
Soo-Hong Park, Dong-Mug Kang, Bon-Hak Koo, Young-Ki Kim, Jong-Eun Kim
Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:9.   Published online March 13, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0061-4
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

The International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies asbestos as belonging to Carcinogen Group 2A for gastric cancer. We herein report a case of gastric cancer associated with asbestosis and describe the work-related and risk assessments of asbestos exposure for gastric cancer.

Case presentation

The 66-year-old male patient in our case worked in asbestos spinning factories. His level of cumulated asbestos fiber exposure was estimated to be 38.0–71.0 f-yr/cc. Thus, the Excess Life Cancer Risk for lung cancer associated with asbestos exposure was 9,648×10−5, almost 9,600 times the value recommended by the United States of America Environmental Protection Agency (1 × 10−5). The relative risk of developing lung cancer for this patient was more than 25 f-yr/cc, a well-known criterion for doubling the risk of lung cancer.

Conclusion

The patient’s exposure to high-dose asbestos was sufficient to increase his risk of gastric cancer because as the risk of lung cancer increased, the risk of gastric cancer was due to increase as well. Therefore, occupational asbestos fiber exposure might be associated with gastric cancer in this case.


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    Wasey Ali Yadullahi Mir, Ayusha Poudel, Anurag Adhikari, Dhan Bahadur Shrestha, Yubraj Sedhai, Peter LaCamera, Andrew Moraco
    Current Pulmonology Reports.2023; 12(4): 244.     CrossRef
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    Arindam Mallick, Iris Visoly-Fisher
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  • Increased Risk of Gastric Cancer in Asbestos-Exposed Workers: A Retrospective Cohort Study Based on Taiwan Cancer Registry 1980–2015
    Yi-Jen Fang, Hung-Yi Chuang, Chih-Hong Pan, Yu-Yin Chang, Yawen Cheng, Lukas Jyuhn-Hsiarn Lee, Jung-Der Wang
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(14): 7521.     CrossRef
  • Recent Scientific Evidence Regarding Asbestos Use and Health Consequences of Asbestos Exposure
    Manuela Valenzuela, Margarita Giraldo, Sonia Gallo-Murcia, Juliana Pineda, Laura Santos, Juan Pablo Ramos-Bonilla
    Current Environmental Health Reports.2016; 3(4): 335.     CrossRef
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Research Article
Work-relatedness of lung cancer by smoking and histologic type in Korea
Young-Il Lee, Sang-Gil Lee, Dong-Mug Kang, Jong-Eun Kim, Young-Ki Kim, Jong-Han Leem, Hwan-Cheol Kim
Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26:43.   Published online December 1, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-014-0043-y
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

This study investigated the distribution of causative agents related to occupational lung cancer, their relationships with work, and associations between work-relatedness and the histologic type of lung cancer.

Methods

We used data from the occupational surveillance system in Korea in 2013. In addition, data from 1,404 participants diagnosed with lung cancer were collected through interviews. We included the patients’ longest-held job in the analysis. Work-relatedness was categorized as “definite,” “probable,” “possible,” “suspicious,” “none,” or “undetermined.”

Results

Among the subjects, 69.3% were men and 30.7% were women. Regarding smoking status, current smokers were the most prevalent (35.5%), followed by non-smokers (32.3%), ex-smokers (32.2%). Regarding the causative agents of lung cancer, asbestos (1.0%) and crystalline silica (0.9%) were the most common in definite work-related cases, while non-arsenical insecticide (2.8%) was the most common in probable cases followed by diesel engine exhaust (1.9%) and asbestos (1.0%). Regarding histologic type, adenocarcinoma was the most common (41.7%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (21.2%). Among current smokers, squamous cell carcinoma was the most common among definite and probable cases (13.4%), while non-small cell lung cancer was the least common (7.1%). Among non-smokers, squamous cell carcinoma was the most common (21.4%), while the least common was adenocarcinoma (1.6%).

Conclusions

Approximately, 9.5% of all lung cancer cases in Korea are occupational-related lung cancer. Well-known substances associated with lung cancer, such as crystalline silica, asbestos, and diesel engine exhaust, are of particular concern. However, the histologic types of lung cancer related to smoking were inconsistent with previous studies when work-relatedness was taken into account. Future studies are required to clarify the incidence of occupational lung cancer in agricultural workers exposed to non-arsenical insecticides and the associations between work-relatedness and the histologic type of lung cancer.


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    Sei Won Kim, Jong Min Lee, Woo Ho Ban, Chan Kwon Park, Hyoung Kyu Yoon, Sang Haak Lee
    The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2016; 31(4): 685.     CrossRef
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Review
The Relationship between the Occupational Exposure of Trichloroethylene and Kidney Cancer
Inah Kim, Jaehyeok Ha, June-Hee Lee, Kye-mook Yoo, Jaehoon Rho
Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26:12.   Published online June 3, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-4374-26-12
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

Trichloroethylene (TCE) has been widely used as a degreasing agent in many manufacturing industries. Recently, the International Agency for Research on Cancer presented “sufficient evidence” for the causal relationship between TCE and kidney cancer. The aim of this study was to review the epidemiologic evidences regarding the relationship between TCE exposure and kidney cancer in Korean work environments. The results from the cohort studies were inconsistent, but according to the meta-analysis and case–control studies, an increased risk for kidney cancer was present in the exposure group and the dose–response relationship could be identified using various measures of exposure. In Korea, TCE is a commonly used chemical for cleaning or degreasing processes by various manufacturers; average exposure levels of TCE vary widely. When occupational physicians evaluate work-relatedness kidney cancers, they must consider past exposure levels, which could be very high (>100 ppm in some cases) and associated with jobs, such as plating, cleaning, or degreasing. The exposure levels at a manual job could be higher than an automated job. The peak level of TCE could also be considered an important exposure-related variable due to the possibility of carcinogenesis associated with high TCE doses. This review could be a comprehensive reference for assessing work-related TCE exposure and kidney cancer in Korea.


Citations

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  • Trichloroethylene: An Update on an Environmental Contaminant with Multiple Health Effects
    Lawrence H. Lash
    Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology .2025; 65(1): 507.     CrossRef
  • Occupational Inhalation Health Risk Assessment of TCE Exposure in the Korean Manufacturing Industry
    Sueji Seo, Saemi Shin, Sanghoon Byeon
    Applied Sciences.2024; 14(13): 5510.     CrossRef
  • Application of multiple occupational health risk assessment models in occupation health risk prediction of trichloroethylene in the electroplating and electronics industries
    Shibiao Su, Zhiming Liang, Sheng Zhang, Haijuan Xu, Jinru Chen, Zhuandi Zhao, Meibian Zhang, Tianjian Wang
    International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics.2023; 29(1): 70.     CrossRef
  • Time-concentration-dependent profile of histone modifications on human hepatocytes treated by trichloroacetic acid
    Xinyue Peng, Susu Yu, Hui Lin, Fan Wu, Jiani Yang, Cheng Zhou, Luyun Zhang, Jianping Yang, Wenjuan Zhang
    International Journal of Environmental Health Research.2022; 32(11): 2376.     CrossRef
  • Intracellular complement activation in podocytes aggravates immune kidney injury in trichloroethylene-sensitized mice
    Xiaodong Yang, Wei Jiang, Meng Huang, Yuying Dai, Bodong Li, Xian Wang, Yun Yu, Tong Shen, Changhao Wu, Qixing Zhu
    The Journal of Toxicological Sciences.2020; 45(11): 681.     CrossRef
  • DNA methyltransferase expression and DNA hypomethylation status in human hepatocytes following trichloroacetic acid exposure
    Caiyun Lai, Jianji Gao, Zhiliang Zhu, Jianhui Yuan, Wenjuan Zhang, Jianping Yang
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications.2019; 511(2): 266.     CrossRef
  • Respiratory effects of trichloroethylene
    Orianne Dumas, Thomas Despreaux, Frédéric Perros, Edmund Lau, Pascal Andujar, Marc Humbert, David Montani, Alexis Descatha
    Respiratory Medicine.2018; 134: 47.     CrossRef
  • Review of refractory ceramic fiber (RCF) toxicity, epidemiology and occupational exposure
    L. Daniel Maxim, Mark J. Utell
    Inhalation Toxicology.2018; 30(2): 49.     CrossRef
  • Association between working time quality and self-perceived health: analysis of the 3rd Korean working conditions survey (2011)
    Jaeyoup Jung, Gyuree Kim, Kyusung Kim, Domyung Paek, Sung-il Cho
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Disruption of F-Actin Polymerization, and Transcriptomic Alterations in Zebrafish Larvae Exposed to Trichloroethylene
    Sara E. Wirbisky, Nur P. Damayanti, Cecon T. Mahapatra, Maria S. Sepúlveda, Joseph Irudayaraj, Jennifer L. Freeman
    Chemical Research in Toxicology.2016; 29(2): 169.     CrossRef
  • Trichloroethylene-Induced DNA Methylation Changes in Male F344 Rat Liver
    Yan Jiang, Jiahong Chen, Cong Yue, Hang Zhang, Tao Chen
    Chemical Research in Toxicology.2016; 29(10): 1773.     CrossRef
  • Association Between Kidney Cancer and Occupational Exposure to Trichloroethylene
    Morten Buhagen, Anna Grønskag, Siri Fenstad Ragde, Bjørn Hilt
    Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine.2016; 58(9): 957.     CrossRef
  • Case report of renal cell carcinoma in automobile manufacturing factory worker due to trichloroethylene exposure in Korea
    June-Hee Lee, Inah Kim, Hongdeok Seok, Inhyo Park, Jungho Hwang, Jae-Oh Park, Jong-Uk Won, Jaehoon Roh
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2015;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Case Report
Two Cases of Lung Cancer in Foundry Workers
Inchul Jeong, Innshil Ryu, Boowook Kim, Inhyo Park, Jong-Uk Won, Eun-A Kim, Inah Kim, Jaehoon Roh
Ann Occup Environ Med 2013;25:16.   Published online September 16, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-4374-25-16
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

Iron and steel foundry workers are exposed to various toxic and carcinogenic substances including crystalline silica, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and arsenic. Studies have been conducted on lung cancer in iron and steel founding workers and the concentration of crystalline silica in foundries; however, the concentration of crystalline silica and cases of lung cancer in a single foundry has never been reported in Korea. Therefore, the authors report two cases of lung cancer and concentration of crystalline silica by the X-ray diffraction method.

Case presentation

A 55-year-old blasting and grinding worker who worked in a foundry for 33 years was diagnosed with lung cancer. Another 64-year-old forklift driver who worked in foundries for 39 years was also diagnosed with lung cancer. Shot blast operatives were exposed to the highest level of respirable quartz (0.412 mg/m3), and a forklift driver was exposed to 0.223 mg/m3.

Conclusions

The lung cancer of the two workers is very likely due to occupationally related exposure given their occupational history, the level of exposure to crystalline silica, and epidemiologic evidence. Further studies on the concentration of crystalline silica in foundries and techniques to reduce the crystalline silica concentration are required.


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Original Article
Worker's Compensation Claims and Approval Status for Occupational Cancers in Korea from 2000 to 2009
Won Cheol Lee, Dong Il Kim, Young Jun Kwon, Hyoung Ryoul Kim, In Ah Kim, Jae Hong Ryoo, Soo Geun Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(2):112-121.   Published online June 30, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.2.112
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the occupational cancer claims compensated by the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance that is operated by the Korea Workers' Compensation and Welfare Service (COMWEL).
METHODS
Using the COMWEL electronic database, we collected 1,933 claims for occupational cancer based on the worker's compensation records in the COMWEL from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2009. We analyzed the characteristics of the claims.
RESULTS
The average number of claims per year for occupational cancer was 193 and the approval rate was 13.1% from 2000 to 2009. Men accounted for 93.7% of the approved cases and had a higher approval rate. Approval rates increased with age. Among claims for occupational cancer, the most common was digestive cancer. On the other hand, the highest approval rate was for mesothelioma claims, followed by respiratory cancer, lymphoid or hematopoietic cancer. By industry, claims were most common in manufacturing, but the approval rate was highest in mining and quarrying. By occupation, claims most commonly came from legislators, senior officials & managers, but the approval rate was highest for craft & related trades workers. The average of tenure period was 15.5 years for approved cases, but 10.3 years for non-approved cases, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
We analyzed the characteristics of the occupational cancer claims which were compensated for the last 10 years accrording to the approved results. For the purpose of long-term understanding and management of worker's compensation status for occupational cancer, we should gather accurate information of the carcinogenic factors involved in order to achieve the systematic improvement that is needed.

Citations

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  • Estimating Benzene Exposure Level over Time and by Industry Type through a Review of Literature on Korea
    Donguk Park, Sangjun Choi, Kwonchul Ha, Hyejung Jung, Chungsik Yoon, Dong-Hee Koh, Seunghun Ryu, Soogeun Kim, Dongmug Kang, Kyemook Yoo
    Safety and Health at Work.2015; 6(3): 174.     CrossRef
  • Compensation for Occupational Cancer
    Inah Kim, Eun-A Kim, Jae Young Kim
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2014; 29(Suppl): S40.     CrossRef
  • Occupational Cancers with Chemical Exposure and their Prevention in Korea: A Literature Review
    Kyung-Taek Rim
    Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention.2013; 14(6): 3379.     CrossRef
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