Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Original Article

The impact of alcohol consumption on hearing loss in male workers with a focus on alcohol flushing reaction: the Kangbuk Samsung Cohort Study: Jaehong Lee, Youshik Jeong, Jihoon Kim, Seonghyeon Kwon, Eunhye Seo, Jinsook Jeong, Woncheol Lee; Ann Occup Environ Med 2024;36:e1. Published online January 22, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2024.36.e1

Abstract Abstract in Korean PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Background
Despite hearing loss being a prevalent chronic condition, estimated to nearly 20% of the global population by the World Health Organization, the specific association with individual lifestyle factors, particularly alcohol consumption, remains unclear. In South Korea, approximately 80% of the population engages in alcohol consumption, with a notably high prevalence among males, indicating a high-risk drinking pattern. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the correlation between alcohol consumption and hearing loss in male workers, as well as to analyze additional variables such as alcohol flushing reaction, with the intention of improving worker health.
Methods
The study was conducted from January 2012 to December 2019, targeting 114,114 participants who visited Kangbuk Samsung Hospital Total Healthcare Centers. Data were collected through pure-tone audiometry tests and alcohol-related questionnaire, and statistical analysis was performed using Cox regression analysis. Based on previous studies indicating a potential protective effect of light drinking on hearing loss, this group was designated as the reference. Additionally, stratified analyses were conducted based on the presence of alcohol flushing reaction and different working hours.
Results
The hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for hearing loss was higher in the heavy drinking group (1.23 [1.11–1.37]) compared to the moderate drinking group (1.09 [0.98–1.20]). Stratified analyses revealed a significantly elevated the hazard ratio of hearing loss in groups with alcohol flushing reaction compared to those without this factor.
Conclusions
Our study demonstrated that moderate or heavy alcohol consumption in male workers can increase the risk of hearing loss, particularly in those with alcohol flushing reaction. These findings underscore the importance of addressing alcohol-related factors concerning hearing health among male workers.; 알코올 안면홍조 중심으로 살펴본 남성 근로자에서 음주습관이 청력손실에 미치는 영향: 강북삼성 코호트연구
목적
청력손실은 세계보건기구(WHO)가 인구 20% 가까이로 그 유병률을 추정할 만큼 흔한 만성질환임에도 불구하고 개인의 생활습관 요인, 특히 음주에 따른 연관성은 아직 명확하게 밝혀진 바 없다. 한국건강증진개발원에 따르면 대한민국의 음주 인구는 80%에 육박하며 남성의 고위험 음주율이 특징적으로 높았다. 따라서 우리는 청력손실과 관련된 근로자 건강 증진을 도모하고자 남성 근로자에서 음주습관 및 청력손실 간 연관성 평가 및 알코올 안면홍조 추가 변수 분석을 수행하였다.
방법
연구는 2012년 1월부터 2019년 12월 사이 강북삼성병원 종합건강검진센터에 방문한 114,114명의 수검자들을 대상으로 이루어졌다. 순음청력검사 및 음주 설문으로 데이터를 수집하였고 통계 분석은 Cox 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 과거 연구들에서 가벼운 음주가 오히려 청력손실에 보호효과를 나타내었으므로 해당 그룹을 참조(reference)로 지정하였다. 추가적으로 알코올 안면홍조 여부에 따른 층화분석을 시행하였다.
결과
청력손실의 위험비(95% 신뢰구간)는 중간 음주 그룹 1.09(0.98-1.20)에 비해 대량 음주 그룹이 1.23(1.11-1.37)로 더 높았다. 층화분석에서는 알코올 안면홍조가 있는 음주 그룹에서의 청력손실 위험비가 그렇지 않은 음주 그룹보다 유의하게 높은 경향을 보였다.
결론
우리는 연구를 통해 남성 근로자들에서 중간 또는 대량 음주는 청력손실의 발생 위험을 높일 수 있고, 특히 알코올 안면홍조가 있는 남성 근로자들은 그 위험도가 더 증가함을 밝혀낼 수 있었다.

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Original Article

Correlation between shift work and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among male workers in the steel manufacturing company of Korea: a cross-sectional study: Kiseok Kim, Yong-Jin Lee, Soon-Chan Kwon, Young-Sun Min, Hyun Kyo Lee, Gwangin Baek, Sang Hyeon Kim, Eun-Chul Jang; Ann Occup Environ Med 2022;34:e33. Published online November 2, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2022.34.e33

Abstract Abstract in Korean PDF PubReader ePub

Background

Circadian rhythm disturbance caused by shift work has adverse effects on the metabolic homeostasis of the liver. Disruption of the metabolic homeostasis of the liver causes fat accumulation in the liver. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between shift work and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among male workers in the steel manufacturing industry of Korea.

Methods

Based on medical examination data collected in June 2020, 2,511 male subjects from one steel manufacturing company in Korea were selected in total. NAFLD was evaluated using abdominal ultrasound, which was performed by two experienced radiologists. The multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed by adjusting for age, physical activity, smoking history, alcohol consumption, body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, blood glucose, lipidemia, liver function test, employment duration, and hepatotoxic materials exposure status.

Results

Compared to daytime workers, the odds ratio (OR) of moderate-severe NAFLD in shift workers was 1.449 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.028–2.043). Compared to daytime workers, the ORs of moderate-severe NAFLD were significantly higher for the group that engaged in total shift work for more than 20 years (OR, 2.285; 95% CI, 1.051–4.970), the group that was not allowed to sleep during night shift work (OR, 1.463; 95% CI, 1.030–2.078), and the group that consumed food during night shift work (OR, 1.580; 95% CI, 1.093–2.284).

Conclusions

There was a correlation between shift work and moderate-severe NAFLD in male steel manufacturing workers. There will be a need for more research related to the correlation of shift work with steatohepatitis and cirrhosis in the future.

한국 철강 제조업 남성 근로자의 교대근무와 비알코올성 지방간 질환의 상관관계 연구 : 단면연구.
목적
교대근무로 인한 일주기 리듬 교란은 간의 신진대사 항상성에 부정적인 영향을 미친다. 간의 신진대사 항상성 교란은 간에 지방 축적을 일으킨다. 본 연구의 목적은 한국 철강 제조업 남성 근로자의 교대근무와 비알코올성 지방간 질환의 상관관계를 조사하는 것이다.
방법
2020년 6월 수집한 건강검진 자료를 바탕으로 국내 1개 철강 제조업 사업장에서 총 2,511명의 대상자를 선정하였다. 비알코올성 지방간은 두 명의 숙련된 방사선사가 수행한 복부 초음파를 기준으로 평가되었다. 연령, 신체활동, 흡연력, 알코올 소비량, 체질량 지수, 허리둘레, 혈압, 혈당, 지질혈증, 간 기능 검사, 근무 기간 및 간 독성 물질 노출 상태에 대한 보정을 시행한 다항 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다.
결과
주간 근로자 대비 교대 근무자의 중등도-고도 비알코올성 지방간의 오즈 비는 1.499 (95% 신뢰구간: 1.028-2.043)이었다. 총 교대근무 종사 기간 20년 이상인 군, 야간교대근무 중 수면이 불가능한 군, 그리고 야간교대근무 중 음식 섭취를 하는 군에서 주간 근로자 대비 통계적으로 유의미하게 큰 중등도-고도 비알코올성 지방간의 오즈 비를 보였다.
결론
교대근무는 한국 철강 제조업에 종사하는 남성 근로자의 중등도-고도 비알코올성 지방간과 상관관계가 있다. 앞으로 교대근무와 지방간염, 간경변과의 상관관계와 관련된 추가 연구가 필요할 것이다.

Citations

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Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Shift Workers and Its Effect on Peripheral Nerve Conduction: A Cross-Sectional Study
Dipali K Chatur, Saroj K Pati, Jayshri R Ghate, Rachita Nanda, Meenakshi Sinha, Kalpana Kodapi
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Shift work promotes adipogenesis via cortisol-dependent downregulation of EGR3-HDAC6 pathway
Xinxing Wan, Linghao Wang, Md Asaduzzaman Khan, Lin Peng, Keke Zhang, Xiaoying Sun, Xuan Yi, Zhouqi Wang, Ke Chen
Cell Death Discovery.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Inter-individual variations in circadian misalignment-induced NAFLD pathophysiology in mice
Nobuya Koike, Yasuhiro Umemura, Hitoshi Inokawa, Isao Tokuda, Yoshiki Tsuchiya, Yuh Sasawaki, Atsushi Umemura, Naoko Masuzawa, Kazuya Yabumoto, Takashi Seya, Akira Sugimoto, Seung-Hee Yoo, Zheng Chen, Kazuhiro Yagita
iScience.2024; 27(2): 108934. CrossRef
Effects of Oat β-Glucan and Inulin on Alleviation of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Aggravated by Circadian Disruption in C57BL/6J Mice
Nelson Kei, Kam Kuen Cheung, Ka Lee Ma, Tsz Kwan Yau, Susana Lauw, Vincent Wai Sun Wong, Lijun You, Peter Chi Keung Cheung
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.2024; 72(7): 3520. CrossRef
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Original Article

Maternal working hours and smoking and drinking in adolescent children: based on the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VI and VII: Tae-Hwi Park, Yong-Duk Ahn, Jeong-Bae Rhie; Ann Occup Environ Med 2021;33:e25. Published online August 12, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2021.33.e25

Abstract Abstract in Korean PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background

Adolescent smoking and drinking are influenced by parental supervision. This study aimed to investigate the gap in adolescent smoking and drinking experience rates and age at initiation according to maternal working hours.

Methods

Data from 1,580 adolescents aged 12–18 years and 1,172 working mothers of double-parent or single-mother households were selected from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) VI & VII data. Figures on adolescents' smoking and drinking rates and their ages at imitation were used. Maternal working hours were divided into < 40 hours, 40–52 hours, and > 52 hours to analyze whether smoking and drinking experience rates and age at initiation differ according to maternal working hours and by the child's sex. Maternal age, education level, household income, occupation, shift work, current smoking status, monthly drinking frequency and child's obesity, stress recognition and depressive mood were adjusted for in the statistical analyses.

Results

The odds for adolescents' smoking behavior were significantly higher with increasing maternal working hours in boys but not in girls. The odds for adolescents' drinking behavior were not significantly higher in both boys and girls. Regardless of the child's sex, there were no significant differences in the age of smoking and drinking initiation according to maternal working hours.

Conclusions

Adolescents of mothers who work long hours are at a higher risk of being exposed to smoking. Thus, our society needs to share the burden of raising children, which is concentrated on women, and employers and governments should support policies that can help prevent long working hours.

어머니의 근로시간에 따른 청소년 자녀의 음주 및 흡연 경험율과 시작 연령 차이 : 제 6, 7기(2013-2018) 국민건강영양조사(Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) 자료를 바탕으로
목적
청소년의 흡연이나 음주는 부모의 감독에 영향을 받는다고 알려져 있다. 이 연구는 어머니의 근로시간에 따라서 청소년의 흡연 및 음주 경험율과 시작 연령에 차이가 있는지 알아보기 위해 수행되었다.
방법
국민건강영양조사 제6, 7기(KNHANES VI & VII)의 자료에서 만 12-18세의 청소년이고, 어머니가 직업이 있으며, 가족 구성이 ‘부부의 자녀’ 혹은 ‘편모의 자녀’ 인 경우를 선별하여 총 1,580명의 자녀와 1,172명의 어머니를 대상자로 선정하였다. 설문 문항을 통해 청소년 자녀의 흡연, 음주 경험과 첫 시작 연령을 조사하였다. 어머니의 근로시간은 40시간 미만, 40-52시간, 52시간 초과로 구분하여 자녀의 성별에 따라 흡연 및 음주 경험율, 시작 연령에 차이가 있는지를 알아보았다. 통계분석시 어머니의 연령, 학력, 가구소득, 교대근무 여부, 현재 흡연 여부, 월간 음주율, 자녀의 비만, 우울감, 스트레스 여부를 보정하였다.
결과
어머니의 근로시간이 증가할수록 자녀가 흡연을 경험할 오즈비가 아들은 유의미하게 높았고, 딸은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 음주를 경험할 오즈비는 아들과 딸 모두에서 유의한 차이가 없었다. 성별에 관계없이 어머니의 근로시간에 따른 자녀의 흡연, 음주 시작연령은 유의미한 차이가 없었다.
결론
장시간 근로를 하는 어머니를 둔 아들은 흡연을 경험할 위험성이 더 높다. 따라서 우리 사회는 여성에게 집중된 자녀 양육의 부담을 분담해야 하며, 고용주와 정부는 장시간 노동을 방지할 수 있는 정책을 지원해야 한다.

Citations

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Children’s health affected by parent’s behavioral characteristics: a review
Sung Eun Kim, Jongin Lee
Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics.2024; 67(5): 232. CrossRef

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Case Report

Mental health impact on a humidifier disinfectant disaster victim: a case report: Ye-Sung Lee, Min-Woo Nam, Hyun-Il Kim, Hyeong-Cheol Kim, Eun-Chan Mun, So-Young Park; Ann Occup Environ Med 2020;32:e15. Published online June 1, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e15

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

In Korea, the cause of lung disease of unknown origin was identified as humidifier disinfectants in November 2011. In February 2017, the ‘Special Act on Remedy for Damage Caused by Humidifier Disinfectants’ was promulgated. Even though emotional and mental injuries caused by humidifier disinfectants have been reported, the focus of the special act has been on physical injury only, and criteria for recognizing mental health impact have not been considered. This case considers emotional and mental injury caused by humidifier disinfectants. After a humidifier disinfectant was used from January 2005 to April 2006, the patient's son aged 20 months was hospitalized with respiratory symptoms, and he died within two weeks. Also, the patient was hospitalized for a month with the same symptoms, and then she led a normal life with no symptoms. After both mother and son were diagnosed with definite (level 1) humidifier disinfectant lung injury (HDLI) in 2017, she took to drinking alcohol because of extreme guilt over her son's death. In March 2018 she died from acute liver failure due to alcohol use disorder. The patient's death was caused by continuous alcoholism, due to emotional and mental trauma caused by her son's death after HDLI was revealed as the cause. The government did not acknowledge her death was due to humidifier disinfectants, but the company that sold the humidifier disinfectants recognized her as a victim and compensated the family of the victim. There are still lots of psychological responses among humidifier disinfectant disaster victims. Mental health impact on humidifier disinfectant victims should be considered more carefully, and institutional improvements should be made into establish psychological interventions and measures.

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In vitro neurotoxicity evaluation of biocidal disinfectants in a human neuron–astrocyte co-culture model
Ha-Na Oh, Seungmin Park, Sangwoo Lee, Hang-Suk Chun, Won-Ho Shin, Woo-Keun Kim
Toxicology in Vitro.2022; 84: 105449. CrossRef
Health Effects Associated With Humidifier Disinfectant Use: A Systematic Review for Exploration
Ji-Hun Song, Joonho Ahn, Min Young Park, Jaeyoung Park, Yu Min Lee, Jun-Pyo Myong, Jung-Wan Koo, Jongin Lee
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Developmental Toxicity and Thyroid Endocrine Disruption of Polyhexamethylene Guanidine Hydrochloride and Humidifier Disinfectant in Zebrafish Larvae
Suhyun Park, Hyojin Kim, Kyunghee Ji
Applied Sciences.2021; 11(11): 4884. CrossRef
Development of blood brain barrier permeation prediction models for organic and inorganic biocidal active substances
Hyun Kil Shin, Sangwoo Lee, Ha-Na Oh, Donggon Yoo, Seungmin Park, Woo-Keun Kim, Myung-Gyun Kang
Chemosphere.2021; 277: 130330. CrossRef
Need for individual-based evaluation to determine the association between humidifier disinfectants and health injuries
Hyeong-Cheol Kim, Hyunil Kim, Eun-Chan Mun, Yesung Lee, Soyoung Park
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

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Case Report

Two cases of methyl alcohol intoxication by sub-chronic inhalation and dermal exposure during aluminum CNC cutting in a small-sized subcontracted factory: Jia Ryu, Key Hwan Lim, Dong-Ryeol Ryu, Hyang Woon Lee, Ji Young Yun, Seoung-Wook Kim, Ji-Hoon Kim, Kyunghee Jung-choi, Hyunjoo Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:65. Published online November 15, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0153-9

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background

Methyl alcohol poisoning has been mainly reported in community. Two cases of methyl alcohol poisoning occurred in a small-sized subcontracted factory which manufactured smartphone parts in Korea.

Case presentation

One young female patient presented with dyspnea and visual disturbance. Another young male patient presented with visual disturbance and myalgia. They treated with sodium bicarbonate infusion and hemodialysis for metabolic acidosis. In addition, he received ethyl alcohol per oral treatment. Her and his urinary methyl alcohol concentration was detected as 7.632 mg/L, 46.8 mg/L, respectively, although they were treated hemodialysis. Results of the working environment measurement showed that the concentration of methyl alcohol (1030.1–2220.5 ppm) in the air exceeded the time weighted average (200 ppm). They were diagnosed with optic neuropathy due to methyl alcohol poisoning and still have visual impairment.

Conclusions

Workers who hired as dispatched employees in a small-sized subcontracted factory were exposed to high concentrations of methyl alcohol. The workplace had poor ventilation system. In addition, workers did not wear proper personal protect equipment. Working environment measurement and annual chekups for workers were not performed. They were in a blind spot to occupational safety and health. More attention is needed to protect vulnerable workers’ health.

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A new direct extraction by gas-chromatography with flame ionization detector coupled to head space method for the determination of alcohol content of high matrix wine products
Onur Kenan ULUTAŞ, Aysel BERKKAN
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David Sýkora, Jindřich Jindřich, Vladimír Král, Milan Jakubek, Ameneh Tatar, Zdeněk Kejík, Pavel Martásek, Sergey Zakharov
Journal of Analytical Toxicology.2020; 44(8): 880. CrossRef
Chronic methanol toxicity through topical and inhalational routes presenting as vision loss and restricted diffusion of the optic nerves on MRI: A case report and literature review
Christianne V. Mojica, Esteban A. Pasol, Mercedes L. Dizon, Wenceslao A. Kiat, Timothy Reynold U. Lim, Jacqueline C. Dominguez, Vincent V. Valencia, Bernardo Joaquin P. Tuaño
eNeurologicalSci.2020; 20: 100258. CrossRef
Screening of Workers with Presumed Occupational Methanol Poisoning: The Applicablility of a National Active Occupational Disease Surveillance System
Huisu Eom, Jihye Lee, Eun-A Kim
Safety and Health at Work.2019; 10(3): 265. CrossRef
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Alan P. L. Chan, Thomas Y. K. Chan
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2018; 15(7): 1440. CrossRef
Toxic Effects of Methanol among Illegally Dispatched Workers at Aluminum CNC Cutting Process in Small-Scale, Third-Tier Subcontractor Factories of Smartphone Manufacturers in the Republic of Korea
Chung Won Kang, Hyunjoo Kim, Kyongsok Shin, Jia Ryu, Kyunghee Jung-Choi, Key Hwan Lim, Jin-Ha Kim
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2018; 15(7): 1332. CrossRef
Methanol-Induced Encephalopathy: a Case Report
Hyun Jin Kim, Moon Kyung Sunwoo, Jang Han Lee, Yong Sun Choi, Dae Yoon Kim
Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging.2017; 21(1): 61. CrossRef
Neurological Complications Resulting from Non-Oral Occupational Methanol Poisoning
Ji-Hyun Choi, Seung Keun Lee, Young-Eun Gil, Jia Ryu, Kyunghee Jung-Choi, Hyunjoo Kim, Jun Young Choi, Sun Ah Park, Hyang Woon Lee, Ji Young Yun
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2017; 32(2): 371. CrossRef
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The Bulletin of Legal Medicine.2017; 22(3): 228. CrossRef

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Original Article

Acquired Dyschromatopsia among Workers Exposed to Acetone and Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA): Seung Hwan Kim, Kwang Mo Hwang, Eun Chul Jang, Chan Yun Kim, Shin Goo Park, Eun Hee Lee, Jae Hoon Roh; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(4):463-470. Published online December 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.4.463

Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between exposure to acetone and isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and the acquisition dyschromatopsia.
METHODS
A study was performed on exposure group of 116 people exposed to and a group of 36 people not exposed to organic solvents were selected and examined. Their smoking and alcohol habits, symptoms, and exposure history were surveyed through questionnaires and interviews. Then dyschromatopsia was evaluated with the Lanthony D-15 d test in a room with standardized intensity of illumination.
RESULTS
The statistical prevalence of dyschromatopsia was significantly higher in the exposed group (30.2%) compared to that found in the control group (19.4%). Out of the 116 subjects in the exposed group, 30 people had acquired dyschromatopsia (25.86%). The variables affecting the color confusion index, such as age, exposure, and the duration of exposure, were statistically significant variables.
CONCLUSIONS
He prevalence of dyschromatopsia was found to be not significantly higher in the group with exposure to organic solvents compared to that found in the control group. In addition, a statistically significant correlation was found between exposure to organic solvents and the color confusion index.

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Original Article

Comparison of Cardiovascular Disease Characteristics According to the Employment Status among Emergency Department Patients: Jeong Bae Rhie, Inn Shil Ryu, In Chul Jeong, Yoo Seok Park, Yong Su Lim, Sun Hyu Kim, Jong Uk Won; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(2):164-172. Published online June 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.2.164

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The object of this study was to indentify characteristics of cardiovascular disease in the employed population in comparson with the non-employed group.
METHODS
The study subjects were patients aged 20~65 from 3 university based hospital emergency centers and a structured questionnaire were used for comparing the characteristics of cardiovascular disease according to employment status. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the association between employment status and cardiovascular disease risk factors.
RESULTS
Among the patients, 573 people were employed (482 males, 91 females) and 251 were non-employed (117 males, 134 females). Compared to the non-employed group, the employed group was distinctive in that it contained patients of younger age, had a male dominant gender distribution, and a higher proportion of smoking and drinking patients. The employed group was less likely to be previously-diagnosed with diabetes, hypertension, chronic renal failure, cardiovascular disease, or cerebrovascular disease. The employed group was generally more stressed out but there was no significant differences in sleeping time. Infarction was more frequent in the employed group, but hemorrhage was more frequent in the non-employed group. According to the multivariate logistic regression analysis results, the odds ratio of drinking and stress was 1.89(95% CI: 1.25~2.86) and 2.68(95% CI: 1.80~3.99) respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Infarction was more frequent in the employed group. Drinking and stress were also more frequent in the employed group. The results of this study don't necessarily mean that stress and drinking are more important than other risk factors but, it means stress and drinking control are more important in the employed group compared to the non-employed group.

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Eun Kyung Lee, Ok Soo Kim
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2013; 25(4): 432. CrossRef

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Original Article

The Effects of Smoking and Drinking on Blood Lead and Cadmium Levels: Data from the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: Boram Lee, Jaehyeok Ha; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(1):31-41. Published online March 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.1.31

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of smoking and drinking on blood lead and cadmium levels based on a dose-response relationship in the general Korean adult population.
METHODS
The study population consisted of 1,901 Koreans, who took part in the 2008 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, in which blood lead and cadmium levels were measured. Geometric mean concentrations and their 95% confidence intervals of metals in blood were estimated by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusting for demographic and lifestyle factors.
RESULTS
We observed a statistically significant dose-response relationship with daily smoking amount/alcohol intake and blood lead/cadmium levels. While daily smoking amount was more consistent with blood cadmium level (0.1-0.2 microg/L per 5 cigarettes), blood lead concentrations were higher as daily alcohol intake increased (0.1-0.2 microg/dL per 10 gram of alcohol).
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings clearly support a relationship between daily smoking amount/alcohol intake and blood lead/cadmium levels, suggesting an additional reason towards efforts to reduce smoking and drinking habits.

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Original Article

Relationship between Job Stress and Depressive Symptoms among Field Firefighters: Tae Woo Kim, Kyoo Sang Kim, Yeon Soon Ahn; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2010;22(4):378-387. Published online December 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2010.22.4.378

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
To investigate the relationship between job stress and depressive symptoms among field firefighters.
METHODS
We carried out a survey of 17,457 field firefighters using the KOSS-24 (Korean Occupational Stress Scales-24) and CES-D (Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale).
RESULTS
The mean CES-D score was 12.2+/-9.6 and 19.2% of subjects had depressive symptoms. Job insecurity (OR=2.70, 95% CI=2.45~2.98) and lack of reward (OR=2.41, 95% CI=2.18~2.65), occupational climate (OR=2.38, 95% CI=2.15~2.63) were strongly associated with depressive symptoms. Job demand (OR=1.89, 95% CI=1.69~2.10), insufficient job control (OR=1.14, 95% CI=1.03~1.25), interpersonal conflict (OR=2.05, 95% CI=1.87~2.26) and organizational system (OR=1.83, 95% CI=1.66~2.02) were also significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Alcohol dependence had a stronger association than with normal subjects (OR=2.39, 95% CI=2.07~2.77).
CONCLUSIONS
In field firefighters, job stress factors and alcohol dependence were associated with depressive symptoms. An intervention to reduce job stress and alcohol among field firefighters is needed to reduce depression in this population.

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Original Article

Level of Problem Drinking, Health Status and Perception of Need for Moderate Drinking by Male Blue-collar Workers in Steel Factory: In Young Yoo, Ji Yeon Choi, Moon Hee Jung; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004;16(4):467-474. Published online December 31, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2004.16.4.467

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to investigate the level of problem drinking by male blue-collar workers in light of their health status and their perception of drinking amount.
METHOD
A steel factory located in the central region of Korea was chosen and 182 questionnaire responses from male workers were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 11.0 in reference to each worker's physical examination record.
RESULTS
According to the criteria set by WHO, 19 workers(10.4%) were found to have 'problem drinking', 81 workers(44.5%) 'alcohol use disorder'and 14 workers(7.7%) 'alcohol dependence'. Only the remaining 68 workers(37.4%) were found to have 'normal drinking'. In relation to the workers'health status by CMI, 'alcohol dependence'scored 62.92, and 'alcohol use disorder'scored 56.53, both of which were far higher than the 'problem drinking'score of 44.52, In particular, it was found that each of the diabetes group(t=2.32, p<.05) and the liverdisease group(t=2.01, p<.05) drank much more than the non-diabetes group or the non-liver-disease group. In terms of the workers'perception of drinking amount, 'alcohol use disorder'and 'alcohol dependence'scored 147.62 and 144.21 respectively, both of which were far higher than the 'problem drinking'score of 138.57.
CONCLUSION
The above results suggest the need to educate workers on the necessity and practices of moderate drinking before they enter a state of alcohol use disorder or alcohol dependence. Accordingly, as a part of early management and treatment of the workers'drinking problem, it may well be necessary to activate OAPs (Occupational Alcohol Programs).

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Gyeong-Suk Jeon, Eun-Sook Choi
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2011; 20(2): 119. CrossRef

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Original Article

The Relationship between Alcohol Use and Job Stress among Firemen: Kyung Hwa Kang, Kang Sook Lee, Suk Il Kim, Kwang Ho Meng, Hyun Sook Hong, Chun Hwa Jeong; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2001;13(4):401-412. Published online December 31, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2001.13.4.401

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
To establish the relationship between alcohol use and job stress among firemen, and to develop a comprehensive health promotion program including stress management and the prevention of problem drinking.
METHODS
Data was collected from July to August, 2000. Study subjects included 97 rescue workers, 97 emergency medical personnel, 179 fire extinguishers, 116 administrators and 49 others.
RESULTS
The firemen displayed higher scores of stress due to promotion-related pressures and salary. We found significant differences in job internal factors, job role, interpersonal relationship, organizational norm, work environment and stress outcome among the various jobs. Job internal factors, job stress factors, personal characteristics, coping skills, and stress outcome were higher in heavy drinkers compared with the light and moderate drinkers. Job internal factors and smoking habit showed a positive correlation with the amount of drinking, although coping skill, exercise frequency and monthly income showed a negative relation with the amount consumed.
CONCLUSION
This study suggested that alcohol drinking is associated with job stress. This suggests that a comprehensive health promotion program including stress management and problem drinking prevention and control should be developed.

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Original Article

The Influence of Smoking, Alcohol Ingestion, and Physical Activity on Copper, Zinc and Ceruloplasmin in Blood of Male Adults: Jin Wan Park, Eun Yong Kang, In Cheol Shin, Byung Sun Choi, Jung Duck Park, Im Won Chang, Yeon Pyo Hong; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1999;11(4):569-578. Published online December 31, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1999.11.4.569

Abstract PDF

Objective : To investigate the influence of smoking, alcohol ingestion, and physical activity on copper and zinc in RBC and serum and serum ceruloplasmin, this study was performed in a cross-sectional study in 113 healthy men aged 20 to 40 years who had no symptomatic liver, heart, gastrointestinal, and other chronic diseases.
METHODS
At the men's entry into the study, blood samples were drawn from each subject and immediately centrifuged for analysis of copper, zinc, iron, ceruloplasmin, total cholesterol, and hematocrit. Each man completed a questionnaire that provided information on smoking, amount of alcohol intake, and physical activity. Partial regres sion analysis was performed on confounding variables such as age, body mass index, hematocrit, serum cholesterol, and serum iron.
RESULTS
In general linear models, adjustment for confounding variables did not show statistical differences, and there was only an increasing tendency in serum copper in heavy smoker (P=0.0678). There was no difference between high physical activity with mild smokers and lower physical activfty with, heavy smokers.
CONCLUSIONS
This study suggested that copper, zinc and eeruloplasmin were not good biomarker for early effect by smoking, alcohol intake and physical activity in young adult. However, selection bias should be considered in evaluation of this result, and a large prospective study will be needed in advance on usefulness of copper, zinc and ceruloplasmin as a marker for risk factors and early change of atherosclerosis.

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Beatrice Bocca, Roberto Madeddu, Yolande Asara, Paola Tolu, Juan A. Marchal, Giovanni Forte
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