Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Jeongbae Rhie

10 Articles

Effect of night shift work on the reduction of glomerular filtration rate using data from Korea Medical Institute (2016-2020): Beom Seok Ko, Sang Yop Shin, Ji Eun Hong, Sungbeom Kim, Jihhyeon Yi, Jeongbae Rhie; Ann Occup Environ Med 2023;35:e22. Published online June 30, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2023.35.e22

Abstract Abstract in Korean PDF PubReader ePub: Background
Shift work increases the risk of chronic diseases, including metabolic diseases. However, studies on the relationship between shift work and renal function are limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between shift work and a decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
Methods
Data were evaluated for 1,324,930 workers who visited the Korean Medical Institute from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2020 and underwent a health checkup. Daytime workers were randomly extracted at a ratio of 1:4 after matching for age and sex. In total, 18,190 workers aged over 40 years were included in the analyses; these included 3,638 shift workers and 14,552 daytime workers. Participants were categorized into the shift work group when they underwent a specific health checkup for night shift work or indicated that they were shift workers in the questionnaire. The odds ratio was calculated using a conditional logistic regression to investigate the relevance of shift work for changes in GFR.
Results
35 workers in the shift group and 54 in the daytime group exhibited an estimated GFR (eGFR) value of < 60 mL/min/1.73m² (p < 0.01). The difference in eGFR values between two checkups differed significantly depending on the type of work (p < 0.01); the difference in the shift work group (−9.64 mL/min/1.73 m²) was larger than that in the daytime work group (−7.45 mL/min/1.73 m²). The odds ratio for eGFR reduction to < 60 mL/min/1.73 m² in the shift group versus the daytime group was 4.07 (95% confidence interval: 2.54–6.52), which was statistically significant.
Conclusions
The results of this study suggest that eGFR decreases by a significantly larger value in shift workers than in daytime workers; thus, shift work could be a contributing factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Further prospective studies are necessary to validate this finding and identify measures to prevent CKD in shift workers.; 교대근무가 신사구체 여과율에 미치는 영향
목적
교대근무는 대사질환을 포함한 만성질환의 위험도를 증가시키는 것으로 알려져 있다. 하지만 교대근무와 신기능과 관련된 연구는 제한적이다. 때문에, 본 연구의 목적은 교대 근무와 사구체 여과율 감소와의 연관성을 보고자 하는 것이다.
방법
본 연구는 2016년 1월 1일부터 2020년 12월 31일까지 한국의학연구소(KMI)에 내원하여 건강검진을 받은 1,324,930명의 직장인을 대상으로 시행하였다. 나이와 성별에 대해 매칭한 후, 낮 근무자를 4:1의 비율로 무작위 추출하였다. 총 18,190 명의 40세 이상 근로자를 분석 대상으로 하였으며, 교대 근무자 3,638 명과 낮 근무자 14,552 명이 포함되었다. 참가자들은 야간 특수 건강검진을 받았거나 설문지에서 교대 근무자임을 표시했을 때 교대 근무 그룹으로 분류하였다. 조건부 로지스틱 회귀분석을 사용하여 교대 근무의 관련성과 신기능 변화 간의 상관 관계를 조사하였다.
결과
교대 근무 그룹의 35 명과 낮 근무 그룹의 54 명이 추정 GFR(eGFR) 값이 60 mL/min/1.73m2 미만임을 보였다(P<0.01). 두 검진 간 eGFR 값 차이는 근무 형태에 따라 유의하게 차이가 나며(P<0.01), 교대 근무 그룹(-9.64 mL/min/1.73m2)의 차이가 낮 근무 그룹(-7.45 mL/min/1.73m2)보다 크게 나타났다. 주간근무군에 비해 교대근무군에서 사구체 여과율이 60ml/min/1.73m2 미만으로 떨어질 교차비는 4.07(95% CI 2.54-6.52) 로 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하였다.
결론
본 연구 결과 교대 근무자들의 eGFR 값이 주간 근무자들보다 유의하게 감소하였으며, 교대 근무는 만성 신질환 발생의 요인이 될 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

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The relevant factors of work-related fatigue for occupational vibration-exposed employees: YongDuk Ahn, Jeongbae Rhie, Min-Gi Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2022;34:e6. Published online March 22, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2022.34.e6

Abstract Abstract in Korean PDF PubReader ePub: Background
To date, little is known about the effects of factors linked to work-related fatigue on vibration-exposed workers. Thus, the purpose of this study was (1) to assess the effects of vibration exposure time per week and work-related fatigue on workers and (2) to identify factors associated with work-related fatigue caused by long-term exposure to occupational vibration.
Methods
This study used data collected from the 5th Korean Working Conditions Survey. A total of 34,820 non-vibration-exposed and 10,776 vibration-exposed employees were selected from the data. The χ² and multiple logistic regression were used to determine the effect of vibration exposure time per week and the effects of factors of work-related fatigue on workers.
Results
The prevalence of work-related fatigue in vibration-exposed workers (30.5%) was higher than that of non-exposed workers (15.9%). The prevalence of work-related fatigue was higher for female and workers with depression, anxiety, and shift work, and those with authority to control their work pace had statistically significantly higher odds than those who did not. The employees who had the authority to control their order of work (odds ratio [OR]: 0.88; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.81–0.95) and method of work (OR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.82–0.98) had statistically significantly lower odds than those who did not. The OR of work-related fatigue symptoms was highest among employees whose vibration exposure time per week were 30.0%–40.0% (OR: 2.36; 95% CI: 1.96–2.83). Lower OR was observed as vibration exposure time per week decreased.
Conclusions
The results of the present study suggest an association between occupational vibration and work-related fatigue and longer vibration exposure time per week, causing an increased prevalence of work-related fatigue symptoms. Measures to protect workers exposed to occupational vibration from work-related fatigue must be taken.; 직업성 진동 노출 근로자들의 업무 관련 피로
목적
상대적으로 관련성이 상세히 밝혀진 근골격계와 비교하여, 직업성 진동에 노출된 근로자에 대한 업무 관련 피로에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대해서는 아직 알려진 바가 많지 않다. 본 연구의 목적은 (1) 주당 진동 노출 시간과 업무 관련 피로가 근로자에게 미치는 영향을 평가하고 (2) 직업적 진동에 장기간 노출되어 발생하는 작업 관련 피로와 관련된 요인을 파악하는 것이다.
방법
본 연구는 제5차 근로환경조사에서 수집한 자료를 사용하였다. 직업성 진동 노출이 없는 34,820 명과 직업성 진동에 노출되는 10,776 명을 대상으로 선정하여 카이 제곱 검정 및 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석을 사용하여 주당 진동 노출 시간의 영향과 작업 관련 피로 요인이 근로자에게 미치는 영향을 분석하였다.
결과
직업성 진동에 노출된 근로자 (30.5%)의 업무 관련 피로 유병률은 직업성 진동에 노출되지 않은 근로자 (15.9%)보다 높았다. 주당 진동 노출 시간이 30%-40%에 해당하는 근로자들에서 가장 높은 업무 관련 피로가 나타났으며, 이는 주당 진동 노출 시간이 감소함에 따라 감소하였다.
결론
직업성 진동에 노출된 근로자에서 업무 관련 피로 유병률이 높게 나타났으며 직업성 진동에 노출된 근로자를 업무 관련 피로의 발생으로부터 보호할 방안을 마련해야 한다.

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Effect of night shift work on the control of hypertension and diabetes in workers taking medication: Juha Park, Sang-Yeop Shin, Yangwon Kang, Jeongbae Rhie; Ann Occup Environ Med 2019;31:e27. Published online October 10, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2019.31.e27

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background

Night shift work induces physiological and psychological stress by altering sleep and biological rhythms and is associated with hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. Few studies have been conducted on the control of hypertension and diabetes. This study aimed to examine the effect of night shift work on the control rate of hypertension and diabetes.

Methods

Subjects comprised workers aged 20–65 years who underwent specific health examination at a single facility in seven different affiliated examination centers from 1 January to 31 December 2016. Workers were categorised into day workers and night shift workers. Demographic and medical history were taken, and physical examination was done. Blood pressure (BP) and fasting glucose were measured. The control rate of each disease was evaluated based on treatment goals presented in the treatment guidelines of the Korean Society of Hypertension and the Korean Diabetes Association (systolic BP < 140 mmHg and diastolic BP < 90 mmHg; fasting glucose ≤ 130 mg/dL).

Results

Among 631,418 subjects, 11.2% (70,450) were night shift workers. Of whom 6.1% (4,319) were taking antihypertensive medication and 2.5% (1,775) were taking diabetes medication. Among patients taking antihypertensive medications, the proportion of those whose BP was controlled to suit treatment goals was 81.7% (26,635) of day workers and 77.4% (3,343) of night shift workers, which was significantly different (p < 0.001). Among patients taking diabetes medications, the proportion of those whose blood glucose was controlled to suit treatment goals was 37.4% (4,489) of day workers and 36.5% (647) of night shift workers, but the difference was not significant. The control rates for patients taking antihypertensive medications (odds ratio [OR]: 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.68–0.80) were lower among night shift workers than day workers with adjustment for age, sex, smoking history, alcohol consumption, exercise, and obesity. However, there were no differences in control rates for patients taking diabetes medications (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.87–1.10) between day workers and night shift workers.

Conclusions

Night shift work can have an effect on the uncontrolled BP in workers taking antihypertensive medications. Therefore, additional efforts for disease control are necessary for night shift workers with hypertension.

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The relationship between emotional labor status and workplace violence among toll collectors: Yosub Joo, Jeongbae Rhie; Ann Occup Environ Med 2017;29:34. Published online August 10, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-017-0193-9

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Background

This study aimed to identify the emotional labor and workplace violence status among toll collectors by assessing and comparing the same with that in workers in other service occupation. It also aimed to analyze the relationship between emotional labor and workplace violence.

Methods

This study examined emotional labor and workplace violence status in 264 female toll collectors from August 20 to September 4, 2015. The emotional labor was assessed using the Korean Emotional Labor Scale (K-ELS), and a questionnaire was used to examine the presence or absence, and type and frequency of workplace violence experienced by the subjects. A linear regression analysis was also performed to analyze the relationship between workplace violence and emotional labor.

Results

The scores on “emotional demanding and regulation (p < 0.001),” “overload and conflict in customer service (p = 0.005),” “emotional disharmony and hurt (p < 0.001),” and “organizational surveillance and monitoring (p < 0.001)” among the sub-categories of emotional labor were significantly high and indicated “at-risk” levels of emotional labor in those who experienced workplace violence, whereas they were “normal” of emotional labor in those who did not. Even after being adjusted in the linear regression analysis, the emotional labor scores for the above 4 sub-categories were still significantly high in those who experienced workplace violence. On comparing the present scores with 13 other service occupations, it was found that toll collectors had the highest level in “emotional disharmony and hurt,” “organizational surveillance and monitoring,” and “organizational supportive and protective system”.

Conclusions

This study found that the toll collectors engaged in a high level of emotional labor. Additionally, there was a significant relationship between emotional labor and the experience of workplace violence among the toll collectors.

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The relationship between spontaneous abortion and female workers in the semiconductor industry: Heechan Kim, Ho-Jang Kwon, Jeongbae Rhie, Sinye Lim, Yun-Dan Kang, Sang-Yong Eom, Hyungryul Lim, Jun-Pyo Myong, Sangchul Roh; Ann Occup Environ Med 2017;29:49. Published online October 9, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-017-0204-x

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Background

This study investigated the relationship between job type and the risk for spontaneous abortion to assess the reproductive toxicity of female workers in the semiconductor industry.

Methods

A questionnaire survey was administered to current female workers of two semiconductor manufacturing plants in Korea. We included female workers who became pregnant at least 6 months after the start of their employment with the company. The pregnancy outcomes of 2,242 female workers who experienced 4,037 pregnancies were investigated. Personnel records were used to assign the subjects to one of three groups: fabrication process workers, packaging process workers, and clerical workers. To adjust for within-person correlations between pregnancies, a generalized estimating equation was used. The logistic regression analysis was limited to the first pregnancy after joining the company to satisfy the assumption of independence among pregnancies. Moreover, we stratified the analysis by time period (pregnancy in the years prior to 2008 vs. after 2009) to reflect differences in occupational exposure based on semiconductor production periods.

Results

The risk for spontaneous abortion in female semiconductor workers was not significantly higher for fabrication and packaging process workers than for clerical workers. However, when we stratified by time period, the odds ratio for spontaneous abortion was significantly higher for packaging process workers who became pregnant prior to 2008 when compared with clerical workers (odds ratio: 2.21; 95% confidence interval: 1.01–4.81).

Conclusions

When examining the pregnancies of female semiconductor workers that occurred prior to 2008, packaging process workers showed a significantly higher risk for spontaneous abortions than did clerical workers. The two semiconductor production periods in our study (prior to 2008 vs. after 2009) had different automated processes, chemical exposure levels, and working environments. Thus, the conditions prior to 2008 may have increased the risk for spontaneous abortions in packaging process workers in the semiconductor industry.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (10.1186/s40557-017-0204-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Dermal and neural toxicity caused by acrylamide exposure in two Korean grouting workers: a case report: Heeyun Kim, Sang Gil Lee, Jeongbae Rhie; Ann Occup Environ Med 2017;29:50. Published online October 9, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-017-0207-7

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Background

Peripheral neuritis caused by acrylamide is well-known, and many Korean grouting workers are frequently exposed to acrylamide in grouting agents that are injected into cracked concrete. We recently encountered two cases of dermal and neural toxicity in Korean grouting workers with exposure to grouting agents that contained a high concentration of acrylamide.

Case presentation

The first case involved a 44-year-old man with 8 years of waterproofing experience. The patient developed peeling skin on both hands while grouting, which progressed to systemic neurological symptoms, such as reduced sensory function and strength. The patient was diagnosed with peripheral neuropathy caused by acrylamide exposure, and fully recovered after conservative treatment and withdrawal of exposure to the grouting agent. The second case involved a 34-year-old man with 10 years of grouting experience. The patient initially experienced weakness in both legs, which progressed to weakness in his arms and uncontrolled phonation. After being hospitalized, he was diagnosed with cerebellar ataxia and peripheral neuropathy caused by acrylamide exposure, and was discharged after conservative treatment. Our follow-up investigation revealed that both workers were recently exposed to grouting agents that contained higher concentrations of acrylamide, compared to the agents that they had previously been using.

Conclusions

Both workers had workplace acrylamide exposure through dermal contact plus inhalation of dust and vapor, which led to the neural toxicity and dermatitis. Therefore, government studies are needed to investigate the current status of workplace acrylamide use, and to protect workers from the hazardous effects of using acrylamide-containing grouting agents.

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Radiotechnologists and Radiation Exposure from PET and PET/CT Systems: Hoon Hee Park, Jeongbae Rhie, Pilkyun Jung, Jong Doo Lee, Jong Uk Won, Jaehoon Roh; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2012;24(1):86-95. Published online March 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2012.24.1.86

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
In this study, radiotechnologists who work performing PET and PET/CT methodologies were analyzed in order to find the cause for the differences in radiation exposure as they applied to general characteristics, work characteristics, knowledge, and exposure recognition or conduct.
METHODS
From April 15th, 2010 to May 14th, 2010, we conducted a retrospective analysis on 80 radiotechnologists using data garnered from their individual general characteristics, work characteristics, knowledge, and exposure recognition or conduct. Their average annual radiation exposure dosages were measured using a thermoluminescence dosimeter. A multiple regression analysis was performed as a statistical tool.
RESULTS
Regarding the general PET and PET/CT characteristics, when the work experience was short, the exposure dose was higher. The factors of age, marriage, work experience in nuclear medicine, PET, PET/CT, and sex were found to have statistically significant effects. The knowledge, recognition, and conduct factors for the radiotechnologists were affected by unsecure radiation exposure at the moment of carrying, unsecure radiation exposure at the moment of injection, the application of protection at the moment of injection, and the use of auto distributor. It was found that, the use of an auto distributor, efforts in reducing the radiation exposure, unsecure exposure when with a patient, and the application of protective procedures at the moment of injection affected the overall factor of radiotechnologists radiation exposure dose.
CONCLUSIONS
We believe that if radiotechnologists would reduce their radiation exposure by using auto distributors, make efforts to reduce the chance of exposure, and be conscious of radiation, they would be able to reduce the radiation exposure dose even during unavoidable circumstances.

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Relating factors to wearing personal radiation protectors among healthcare professionals
Yunjeong Heo, Hosun Chun, Seonghoon Kang, Wonjin Lee, Taewon Jang, Jongtae Park
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
A Comparative Study on the Radiation Awareness of University Students Gender in Chungbuk Area
Jae-Seon Jang, Seong-Hee Hwang
The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition.2015; 28(3): 486. CrossRef

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Area-Based Occupational Disease Surveillance in Incheon, Korea: Results of an 11-year Data Survey: Jeong Hoon Kim, Shin Goo Park, Jong Han Leem, Jong Uk Won, Sang Hwan Han, Soo Young Chung, Sang Hoon Kim, Hwan Cheol Kim, Yun Chul Hong, Cheol Woo Kim, Chang Hwan Kim, Dong Hyun Kim, Dong Hoon Lee, Seung Jun Lee, Young Joong Kang, Woo Seok Kwak, Jeongbae Rhie; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2010;22(3):183-199. Published online September 30, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2010.22.3.183

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
Between Jan 1998 and Dec 2008, area-based occupational disease surveillance in Incheon was used to collect data on occupational diseases. The long-term data was used to estimate the scale of disease, to analyze disease characteristics, and to achieve surveillance in order to determine development tasks.
METHODS
For a period of 11 years, occupation-related disease surveillance was performed on an annual basis for employees of Incheon industries. All cases of occupational disease were reported by means of the Incheon Occupational Disease Information Network (IODIN) web site, downloaded, and analyzed, subsequently.
RESULTS
Between Jan 1998 and Dec 2008, 1577 cases of occupational disease were reported. Of these, there were 1043(66.1%) cases of occupational musculoskeletal disorders, 172(10.9%) cases of occupational asthma, 162(10.3%) cases of occupational dermatoses, 135(8.6%) cases of occupationally-related cancers, 30(1.9%) cases of pneumoconiosis, 27(1.7%) cases of toxic hepatitis, and 8(0.5%) cases of occupational neuronal disease.
CONCLUSION
In the Incheon area, small and medium industries comprise 99% of business. The composition of the industry by category, in Incheon, is similar to the country on the whole. In actually, the data on occupational diseases in Korea are almost workers' compensation data. Thus, the survey of occupational disease based in Incheon, Korea, can serve as an estimate of the trends and size of the occupational disease throughout the entire country.

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Yun-Sik CHO, Jae-Bum PARK, Soojeong KIM, Kyungjong LEE
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A Workplace Cardiovascular Health Promotion Program and its Short-term Health Effects: Wooseok Kwak, Jong Uk Won, Jeongbae Rhie, Myoung Suk Lee, Eun Ju Kang, Jaehoon Roh; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2009;21(1):46-52. Published online March 31, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2009.21.1.46

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and a major source of workers' compensation claims in Korea. Since 2000 the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA), working through local occupational health institutions, has supported cardiovascular disease prevention programs at a number of companies in Korea. The purpose of this study was to assess the short-term effects of this effort.
METHODS
A total of 11,077 workers at risk were enrolled in the workplace cardiovascular disease prevention program and 5,902 workers (53.3%) completed the 1-year course during 2007. The program consisted of a medical checkup and health counseling for the workers by occupational health nurses. The guidelines for this prevention program were adopted from KOSHA Code H-11-2004. To determine the program's effectiveness, the workers' risks for cardiovascular disease were assessed before and one year after completion of the program.
RESULTS
The intervention led to significant reductions in the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures of 4.9 mmHg and 3.1 mmHg, respectively. Mean total cholesterol and BMI were also reduced significantly by 8.4 g/dl and 0.1 kg/m2. The rate of smoking was decreased by 6.0% and the percentage of workers engaging in regular exercise was increased by 23.1%. Of the 3,530 workers with the low risk and above, the overall cardiovascular risk was improved in 1,734 (49.1%) of them.
CONCLUSIONS
The cardiovascular disease prevention program supported by the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency reduces cardiovascular diseases risks among workers and may improve the health status of workers in Korea.

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The Effects of Individual Counseling for Bus-drivers to Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: Secondary Data Analysis
Hye-Sun Jung, Mi-Jung Eum, Insun Jang
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2015; 24(4): 281. CrossRef
Development and Application of a Web-Based Nutritional Management Program to Improve Dietary Behaviors for the Prevention of Metabolic Syndrome
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The Korean Journal of Nutrition.2010; 43(1): 57. CrossRef

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Relationship between organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides and metabolic syndrome in Korean farmers: Sungbeom Kim, Sangchul Roh, Min-Gi Kim, Jeongbae Rhie, Jisue Yoon, Sun-In Moon; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine ;e23. Published online August 5, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2024.36.e23

Abstract PubReader ePub: Background
The global use of pesticides steadily increased until the early 2010s. Pesticides play a significant role in agriculture in Korea. Metabolic syndrome is more prevalent in rural areas than in urban areas. This study explored the potential association between organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticide exposure and metabolic syndrome.
Methods
This study enrolled 1,317 individuals who participated in the Pesticide Exposure and Intoxication Study conducted by the Dankook University Hospital Center for Farmers’ Safety and Health from 2014 to 2019. Urinary levels of dimethylphosphate, dimethylthiophosphat, diethylphosphate, and diethylthiophosphate were measured to assess organophosphate pesticide exposure and urinary levels cis-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid, trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid, cis-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid, and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid were measured to assess pyrethroid pesticide exposure.
Results
The odds ratio for the 4th quartile group of organophosphate metabolites concentration was 1.48 (95% confidence interval: 1.06–2.09) compared to the 1st quartile group after adjustment for general factors. In addition, a positive trend was observed across the quartile groups of organophosphate metabolites concentration. A positive trend was noted across the quartile groups of organophosphate metabolites in males, while no significant association was observed in females. Furthermore, no significant associations were observed between metabolic syndrome and pyrethroid metabolites concentration.
Conclusions
A positive correlation was observed between the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and the concentrations of urinary organophosphate metabolites, consistent with previous research finding. This association may be attributed to the action of organophosphates as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, stimulating beta cells in the islets of Langerhans. This can lead to alterations in lipid metabolism and insulin resistance, ultimately leading to metabolic syndrome development. Metabolic syndrome is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease; therefore, it is necessary to identify the risk factors unique to rural areas, such as pesticide exposure.

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