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Hyun Sul Lim 32 Articles
The Association between Trans, Trans-Muconic Acid as a Biomarker for Benzene Exposure and the Platelet Count
Young Sun Min, Kuck Hyun Woo, Jin Seok Kim, Jay Young Yoo, Kwan Lee, Hyun Sul Lim, Heon Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2010;22(2):95-101.   Published online June 30, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2010.22.2.95
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVE: Recent researches suggest that trans,trans-muconic acid (t,t-MA) would be an adequate metabolic biomarker for low-level benzene exposure. Few study have investigated the association between the t,t-MA and platelet count, and this is the primary aim of this study.
METHODS
From May 2004 to June 2004, 326 chemical factory workers took part in a questionnaire survey and they underwent urinary t,t-MA and CBC assessment. The questionnaire covered general aspects of health and the occupational and smoking histories. Statistical analyses of outcomes were performed using SPSS 14.0 for Windows.
RESULTS
The subjects' urinary t,t-MA concentration (geometric mean and geometric standard deviation) was 0.28 mg/g creatinine (2.62). No significant differences between different occupations among the chemical workers were found. The urinary t,t-MA concentrations in the smokers and non-smokers were 0.32 mg/g creatinine (2.44) and 0.25 mg/g creatinine (2.77) respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the platelet count based on occupation and the smoking history. There was significant correlation between log(platelet) and log(t,t-MA)(r=-0.116 p=0.039). The regression equation log(platelet) = -0.002xAge + [-0.029xlog(t,t-MA)] + 2.436, R2=0.032, was calculated from linear regression analysis with log(platelet) as the dependent variable. Cross-tabulation between 2 subgroups that were divided by the 90-percentile level of the t,t-MA (0.819 mg/g creatinine), and 2 subgroups that were divided by the 10-percentile level of the platelet count (175,000) was conducted. Higher distribution in subgroup with platelet count below 175,000 was demonstrated in the subgroup with a urinary t,t-MA above the 90-percentile, with an odds ratio of 3.01.
CONCLUSIONS
The study may be limited by not taking into account factors such as smoking quantity and sorbic acid, which may confound urinary the t,t-MA concentration as well as medication and infection that may affect the platelet count. Yet it is meaningful that the correlation between the urinary t,t-MA concentration and the platelet count was found through linear regression analysis and the chi-square test, and further, this outcome may be used as a basis for a study to establish the acceptable limit of urinary t,t-MA in Korea.

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Use of Screening Dose to Evaluate the Work-relatedness of Cancers Occurring among Korean Radiation Workers
Meeseon Jeong, Young Woo Jin, Hyun Sul Lim, Chong Soon Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2007;19(3):196-203.   Published online September 30, 2007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2007.19.3.196
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
To propose a screening dose based on the probability of causation (PC) to simplify the evaluation procedure for the work-relatedness of the cancers occurring among Korean radiation workers.
METHODS
Under the PC uncertainty distribution, the screening dose was defined in which the maximum PC is equivalent to 50% for single exposure to radiation, after which the values were calculated according to three significance levels: 90%, 95%, and 99%. By using the screening doses for each cancer, we also predicted the number of compensations for the occupational cancers among the current Korean radiation workers to determine a reasonable criterion for the significance level.
RESULTS
If the cumulative dose received by a radiation worker with cancer is less than the screening dose, then PC can not be greater than 50%, i.e., the case can not be awarded as an occupational disease. The numbers of compensation cases for a future decade were predicted to be 3-5, 4-6, and 6-10 at the significance levels of 90%, 95%, and 99%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The procedure to evaluate the occupational disease was greatly simplified by using the screening dose for evaluation. A criterion of 95% was recommended as the PC upper limit following consideration for the results of the predicted cases for compensation and the economic circumstances in Korea.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • The work-relatedness at a case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a radiation oncologist
    Bong Hyun Kim, Young-Jun Kwon, Young-Su Ju, Bong Kyu Kim, Hyun Seok Lee, Sang-gil Lee, Yun Kyung Chung
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A case of chronic myeloid leukemia in a diagnostic radiographer
    Chulyong Park, Sungyeul Choi, Dohyung Kim, Jaechan Park, Saerom Lee
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2014;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Ionizing Radiation-induced Diseases in Korea
    Young-Woo Jin, Meeseon Jeong, Kieun Moon, Min-Heui Jo, Seong-Kyu Kang
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S70.     CrossRef
  • Health Disorders Caused by Physical Factors among Health Care Workers - Focusing on Ionizing Radiation -
    Hyun-Sul Lim
    Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2010; 53(6): 483.     CrossRef
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Occupational Diseases among Agricultural, Forestry and Fishery Workers Approved by Korea Labor Welfare Corporation
Yeon Soon Ahn, Hyun Sul Lim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2007;19(1):1-16.   Published online March 31, 2007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2007.19.1.1
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
To analyze the characteristics of occupational diseases among agricultural, forestry and fishery workers compensated under the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance that is operated by the Korea Labor Welfare Corporation (KLWC).
METHODS
Using the KLWC database, we collected 667 cases of occupational disease compensated during the 8 years between 1 January 1998 and 31 December 2005. We analyzed the characteristics of occupational diseases using the KLWC electronic data and the data investigated by the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency.
RESULTS
KLWC approved 667 cases, including 69 deaths (10.3%). Men accounted for 76.0%of the approved cases. The most common age group was 50~59 years of age (37.3%). The most common size of enterprise was 5 to 49 workers (47.5%). The proportion of occupational diseases was 54.1%, of which 45.9% was work-related. Among occupational diseases, the most common was skin diseases (147 cases, 40.7%), followed by infectious diseases (131 cases, 36.3%), including scrub typhus (123 cases) and intoxication (40 cases, 11.1%). The causal hazardous agents were biological (320 cases, 88.6%), chemical (29 cases, 8.0%), and physical (11 cases, 3.0%). The major type of industry and occupation were forestry (445 cases, 66.7%) and elementary (151 among 235 cases, 89.3%), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Major compensated occupational diseases were infectious diseases, including scrubtyphus, skin diseases and toxic disease, which occurred among workers who were older, and had short tenure and elementary occupation, and these workers were out of the occupational health policy. A management policy must be established to prevent occupational diseases occurring in such vulnerable workers.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Survey of the knowledge, safety climate, and compliance with hospital infection standard precautions among dental hygienists
    Ho Jin Jeong, Jung Hwa Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2017; 41(4): 237.     CrossRef
  • Compensation for Occupational Injuries and Diseases in Special Populations: Farmers and Soldiers
    Young-Jun Kwon, Soo-Jin Lee
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2014; 29(Suppl): S24.     CrossRef
  • Work-related diseases of agricultural workers in South Korea
    Sangchul Roh
    Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2012; 55(11): 1063.     CrossRef
  • Work-related hazards among farmers
    Soon Chan Kwon, Soo-Jin Lee, Mihye Jeong
    Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2012; 55(11): 1046.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of the Awareness and Knowledge of Scrub Typhus between Case and Control Groups
    Kwan Lee, Byeong-Chan Park, Hyun-Sul Lim, Sun-Seog Kweon, Jin-Su Choi, Jang-Rak Kim, Keon-Yeop Kim, So-Yeon Ryu
    Journal of agricultural medicine and community health.2012; 37(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Occupational Infection in Korea
    Yun Kyung Chung, Yeon-Soon Ahn, Jae Sim Jeong
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S53.     CrossRef
  • Disease Prevalence and Mortality among Agricultural Workers in Korea
    Won Jin Lee, Eun Shil Cha, Eun Kyeong Moon
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S112.     CrossRef
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Urinary Cotinine Concentrations of Cases with Green Tobacco Sickness
Kwan Lee, Hyun Sul Lim, Heon Kim, Si Hyun Nam
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004;16(4):413-421.   Published online December 31, 2004
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2004.16.4.413
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was carried out to measure the urinary cotinine concentrations of Korean tobacco harvesters with green tobacco sickness (GTS).
METHODS
We conducted a questionnaire survey and measured the urinary cotinine concentrations among the cases who visited six health subcenters and the emergency room in the Health Center and County Hospital after harvesting tobacco leaves in Cheongsong-gun, from Jul 15 to Aug 15, 2002. Ten suspected GTS cases were compared to 10 controls matched for residence, age, and sex. Urinary cotinine was analyzed with a reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system and expressed as geometric mean and standard deviation. The data collected were evaluated using the SPSS/win statistical package and the urinary cotinine concentrations between the two groups were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test.
RESULTS
In both the 10 cases and controls, there were 3 males and 7 females. Ages ranged from 22 to 70 years old. Half of the cases were reported within the 6 hours between 12:00 pm and 17:59 pm. The median time from starting work to initially feeling ill was 4.3 hours (min. 2.5; max. 11.0). The GTS symptoms reported were nausea in 10 cases (100.0%), dizziness in 9 (90.0%), weakness in 8 (80.0%), headache in 7 (70.0%) and other symptoms. The geometric mean of urinary cotinine concentrations was significantly higher (p<0.01) in cases at 497.6 +/- 2.5 ng/ml (min. 73.1; max. 2,574.3) than in controls at 32.7 +/- 1.8 ng/ml (min. 13.3; max. 76.9).
CONCLUSIONS
Our study suggests that many tobacco harvesters may suffer from GTS in Korea. Therefore, it is very important for doctors to diagnose exactly the GTS. Also we must develop the methods which can prevent GTS, and simple methods of analysis for urinary cotinine.

Citations

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  • Green Tobacco Sickness Among Tobacco Harvesters in a Korean Village
    Sung-Jun Park, Hyun-Sul Lim, Kwan Lee, Seok-Ju Yoo
    Safety and Health at Work.2018; 9(1): 71.     CrossRef
  • Nicotine Exposure in Green Tobacco Harvesters
    Yun-Keun Lee, Won Kim, In-Ja Choi
    Korean Journal of Environmental Health Sciences.2010; 36(3): 208.     CrossRef
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A Case of Intermediate Syndrome of Organophosphate Poisoning after Dermal Exposure
Geun Ryang Bae, Hae Kwan Cheong, Hyun Sul Lim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004;16(3):329-335.   Published online September 30, 2004
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2004.16.3.329
AbstractAbstract PDF
BACKGROUND
Organophosphate poisoning is one of the most common toxicologic emergencies in Korea. Acute organophosphate poisoning and delayed polyneuropathy by ingestion are well published. There have been several reports about intermediate syndrome in organophosphate poisoning by ingestion but few about intermediate syndrome via dermal route.
CASE
REPORT: We observed a 59-years-old male who had weakness of proximal limb muscles and respiratory muscles 2 days after dermal exposure by unidentified pesticide. The paralytic symptoms lasted up to 20 days but the delayed polyneuropathy did not develop. The patient needed mechanical ventilatory support for 2 weeks and had completely recovered from IMS 6 weeks later. Electrophysiological study was characterized by an axonal polyneuropathy pattern on the proximal limb muscles. Serum acetylcholinesterase level was below half of normal level. Clinical manifestations and electrophysiological study support the clinical diagnosis of intermediate syndrome.
CONCLUSION
Intermediate syndrome is commonly developed by ingestion of organophosphate but, as in this case, dermal absorption can also lead to intermediate syndrome. More detailed history taking and close observation is needed for about 3 or more days after intoxication because of the risk of respiratory failure.

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Case Series for Occupational Dermatosis in a Factory Treating Liquid Waste Mixtures
Sue Kyung Park, Hyun Sul Lim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004;16(3):336-351.   Published online September 30, 2004
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2004.16.3.336
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
A dermatologic outbreak occurred in a factory usingliquid waste mixtures at Gyeongju. We conducted this study to identify causative factors.
METHODS
We conducted a questionnaire interview composed of general andjob characteristics. A dermatologist carried out medical examination, European standard patch test and 'as is' patch test. We evaluated the cases with over 5 criteria of Mathias's 7 definitions of occupational dermatologic diseases.
RESULTS
Seven of 9 workers were diagnosed with dermatosis and 3 subjects (cases 2, 4 and 6) with Mathias's 7 criteria were confirmed as having occupational dermatologic diseases and were diagnosed as irritant contact dermatitis. Two subjects (cases 1 and 9) with over 5 criteria were evaluated as suspicious status. The remaining 2 subjects (cases 3 and 5) were not compatible with those criteria. The main sources of this outbreak were suggested to be the wasted solvents in the factory of car accessories and aluminum products because the subjects (cases 2, 4, 6, 1 and 9) had the positive skin reaction against those sources in 'as is 'patch test. Furthermore, 4 of the 5 subjects cases 2, 4, 6 and 9) had some skin reactions against the waste solvents of chemical material in 'as is'patch test.
CONCLUSION
This outbreak occurred by direct skin contact of liquid waste mixtures of a factory making car accessories and aluminum products. The cutting oils and metal working fluids in those liquid waste mixtures were estimated as the most suspected materials. In addition, this outbreak may have been caused by the hazard effect of mixed waste organic solvents of manufacturing of chemical materials.

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A Study on the Occupational Hazards Associated with Chronic Renal Failure
Kwan Lee, Hyun Sul Lim, Jeong Ho Lee
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004;16(1):25-36.   Published online March 31, 2004
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2004.16.1.25
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVE: Recently, chronic renal failure has become a major public health problem all around the world, and the number of patients in Korea affected by this disease has sharply increased since the 1980's. Between 3% and 50% of all cases of chronic renal failure may be induced by toxic agents. The purpose of our study was to investigate the occupational hazards associated with chronic renal failure, in order to use the findings as a reference for further epidemiologic studies.
METHODS
The author conducted a questionnaire and reviewed the medical records of chronic renal failure patients (161 people out of 238) in Gyeongju-si and Pohang-si from March 2 to 31, 2003. Those cases of chronic renal failure which were related to work were classified as either 'probable case' if they were of unknown origin or 'suspected case' if they were of known origin and were related to hypertension or diabetes mellitus.
RESULTS
The study subjects consisted of 92 males (57.1%) and 69 females (42.9%). The causalities listed in the medical records were diabetes mellitus in 55 cases (40.4%), hypertension in 28 cases (20.6%), chronic glomerulonephritis in 14 cases (10.3%), and other diseases. There were 10 cases (6.2%) that were believed to be related to the patients' occupations. The hazards that these 10 patients had previously been exposed to were silica, organic solvents, tin, copper, lead, cadmium, and other hazards.
CONCLUSIONS
Through this study, 10 cases that were reportedly related to occupational chronic renal failure were discovered. Further studies such as a case-control study of occupational risk factors related to chronic renal failure will be needed.

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Status of the Occupational Health and Safety Programs of Several Hospitals in Korea
Kwan Lee, Hyun Sul Lim, Soo keun Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2003;15(4):351-363.   Published online December 31, 2003
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2003.15.4.351
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
As health care workers suffer from various hazards in hospital, an occupational safety and health program is very important to them. This study was conducted to investigate the status of the occupational safety and health programs of several hospitals in Korea.
METHODS
We conducted a questionnaire survey on 941 hospitals in Korea. All questionnaires were posted to the department of general affairs at each hospital and responses were received from 108 hospitals (11.5%). Eight responses were excluded because of insufficient data and the remaining 100 questionnaires were analyzed. The collected data were evaluated using the SPSS 10.0 statistical package and the demands for occupational safety and health programs between two groups were analyzed by RIDIT analysis.
RESULTS
The study subjects were 53 general hospitals and 47 hospitals. An occupational safety and health committee, infection control committee, safety manager, health manager, activities for vaccination, reports for needle stick injury and records related to occupational injury were more likely to be present in general hospitals than hospitals (p<0.05). Demands for occupational safety and health were higher in general hospitals than hospitals. Especially, demands for measurement of working environment, improvement of ventilatory system, management of chemical materials and supply of protective equipment were significantly higher in general hospitals than hospitals (p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
We concluded from the findings of our study that occupational safety and health programs are not yet sufficient in Korean hospitals. So, we expect that special management, policies and laws for health care workers will be promulgated.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Health Disorders Caused by Physical Factors among Health Care Workers - Focusing on Ionizing Radiation -
    Hyun-Sul Lim
    Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2010; 53(6): 483.     CrossRef
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Occupational Diseases on Health Care workers Approved by Korea Labor Welfare Corporation
Hyun Sul Lim, Yeon Soon Ahn
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2003;15(2):196-204.   Published online June 30, 2003
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2003.15.2.196
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was carried out to analyze the characteristics of occupational diseases among health care workers in Korea.
METHODS
Using the database of the Korea Labor Welfare Corporation (KLWC), 5, 460 approved occupational disease cases, between Jan 1, 1999 and Dec 31, 2000, and approved by the Jun 30, 2001, were collected. Of these, the 142 health care worker cases were investigated.
RESULTS
The proportion of health care workers among the total cases reported in 1999 and 2000 was 2.6%, respectively. The diseases were infectious in 61 (43.0%), cerebro-cardiovascular in 60 (42.3%) and musculoskeletal in 18 cases (12.6%). The distributions of the occupational diseases by sex were 59 (41.5%) and 83 cases (58.5%), in males and females, respectively. The distributions of the occupational diseases by age were 64 (45.1%), 30 (21.1%), 25 (17.6%) and 17 cases (12.0%), in their 20s, 30s, 40s and 50s, respectively. For the cases of infectious diseases by age there were 48 (78.7%) in their 20s and 12 (19.7%) in their 30s, for the cases of cerebro-cardiovascular diseases by age there were 17 (28.3%) in their 40s, 16 (26.7%) in their 50s and 12 (20.0%) in their 20s, and for the cases of musculoskeletal diseases there were 7 (38.9%) in their 30s and 4 (22.2%) in their 20s. The distributions of the cases of occupational diseases by department were 64 (45.1%), 19 (13.4%), 18 (12.7%), and 10 (7.0%) in the nursing, doctors, officers, and food services departments, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The major occupational diseases of health care workers, as approved by the KLWC, were the infectious, cerebro-cardiovascular and musculoskeletal diseases. A special management policy must be considered to prevent occupational diseases of health care workers in Korea.

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Carpal Tunnel Configuration Measured by Ultrasonography as a Risk Factor of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in Motor Part Manufacturing Workers
Duck Soo Kim, Hae Kwan Cheong, Hyun Sul Lim, Yong Wook Kwon, Jong Min Lee, Dae Hyun Cho, Dae Seob Choi
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2002;14(3):213-226.   Published online September 30, 2002
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2002.14.3.213
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to evaluate individual susceptibility to carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) by ultrasonographic measurement of the carpal tunnel configuration in workers doing repetitive work.
METHODS
The study subjects consisted of 24 male and 11 female workers in a soundproof material manufacturing company in Gyeongju. We conducted a self-reported questionnaire survey, a physical examination and an electrodiagnostic study (EDS) in April 2000. After the examination, jobs were rearranged for workers with CTS. A follow up physical examination, EDS, and measurement of the carpal tunnel by ultrasonography was done six months later.
RESULTS
Of those studied, prevalence of CTS was 63.6/100 persons among women and 29.2/100 persons among men. Mean depth and width of wrist was shorter in those with CTS compareal to the controls (p<0.05). The risk of CTS was higher in workers whose carpal tunnel ratio (displacement/width) was 0.17 or higher (OR 7.13, 95 % confidence interval 1.18-43.1), and in workers whose carpal tunnel area was less than 300 mm2 (OR 8.00, 95 % confidence interval 1.18-68.5). Carpal tunnel depth and depth/width ratio had a positive correlation with motor latency of the median nerve and median-ulnar sensory latency difference (p<0.05), whereas the carpal tunnel width, displacement/depth ratio, and area (width X displacement) had a negative correlation with median nerve latencies after adjusting for gender. Workers who showed an improvement in the clinical stage of CTS after job rearrangement had a significantly lower carpal tunnel displacement/width ratio and displacement/depth ratio. They also had smaller upper carpal tunnel area ( width X displacement) and larger upper carpal tunnel area [(depth-displacement) X width] than the controls (p< 0.05 ).
CONCLUSIONS
Ultrasonographic measurement of the carpal tunnel is a good predictor of susceptibility and prognosis of CTS in workers doing repetivive work.

Citations

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  • The Health Effect of Hand Arm Transmitted Vibration
    Jung-Wan Koo
    Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea.2013; 32(4): 303.     CrossRef
  • Changes in the Thickness of Median Nerves Due to Excessive Use of Smartphones
    Yeon-Seop Lee, Hoe-Song Yang, Chan-Joo Jeong, Young-Dae Yoo, Gwang-Yun Jeong, Jin-Seon Moon, Min-Kung Kang, Seong-Woo Hong
    Journal of Physical Therapy Science.2012; 24(12): 1259.     CrossRef
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Cold Sensitization Occurring in a Worker of a Cold Storage Warehouse
Hyun Sul Lim, Kwan Lee, Jong Min Lee
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2002;14(2):204-212.   Published online June 30, 2002
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2002.14.2.204
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The following is a report on a case of cold sensitization in a worker who served as a forklift truck driver in a cold storage warehouse for 5 years from 1996.
METHODS
We examined the patient's blood chemistry and infrared computerized thermographic measurements. We also reviewed the environmental temperatures at his workplace and interviewed other workers.
RESULTS
The worker was a 32-year-old male who had worked in a cold storage warehouse for 5 years (1996-2000). He complained of headaches, arthralgia, and slight dyspnea after 2 years work serving as a forklift truck driver in a cold storage facility. In the laboratory record of his blood and those of others, the C-reactive protein, rheumatoid facror, anti-nuclear antibody, cryoglobulin and other blood chemistries were all negative except that the anti-streptolysin O titer was reactive and alkaline phosphatase was also increased. The radiologic findings were normal. Using infrared computerized thermographic measurements, the patient's hands were at around 30 degrees C and below in the first infrared image and around 27 degrees C in the third image. Accordingly, he was diagnosed as having cold sensitization, which occurs in persons exposed to cold for long time, especially below freezing point.
CONCLUSIONS
We confirmed that the cold sensitization occurred in this patient as an occupational disease due to an exposure to cold. To prevent cold injury, we must modify work procedures, begin comprehensive medical surveillances, educate workers on risks of cold, and increase workers awareness of safety regulations in the workplace.

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Lung Cancer Occurring in a Worker Exposed to Coke Oven Emissions
Hyun Sul Lim, Jung Keun Choi, Eun Hye Kwon, Heon Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2002;14(1):97-106.   Published online March 31, 2002
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2002.14.1.97
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
We report a case of lung cancer (small cell carcinoma) occurring in a worker exposed to coke oven emissions.
METHODS
We examined the chest CT and pathologic findings of the patient. We reviewed previous environmental measurements for coke oven emissions at the workers place of employment. Also we measured the airborne concentrations for coke oven emissions and total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the work area. Finally, we analyzed the 1-hydroxypyrene and 2-naphthol concentrations in the subjects urine and compared this with student controls.
RESULTS
This case was a 56-year-old male who had worked in a coke oven plant within a steel manufacturing factory for 21 years (1977-1998). The airborne concentrations of coke oven emissions at the worksite were above the permissible exposure level (0.2 mg/m3) in 45 cases (33.1%) among 136 workers. The concentrations of 1-hydroxypyrene and 2-naphthol in the subjects urine were statistically significantly elevated as compared with those of controls (P<0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
We confirmed that the lung cancer occurring in this patient was as an occupational disease due to exposure to coke oven emissions. To prevent occupational cancer in coke oven plant workers, we must remodel the engineering procedure, begin comprehensive medical surveillance, educate workers on risks and the benefits of smoking cessation, and increase awareness of safety regulations in the workplace.

Citations

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  • Occupational Cancers with Chemical Exposure and their Prevention in Korea: A Literature Review
    Kyung-Taek Rim
    Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention.2013; 14(6): 3379.     CrossRef
  • Occupational Respiratory Cancer in Korea
    Hye-Eun Lee, Hyoung Ryoul Kim
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S94.     CrossRef
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Study on the Pre-employment Lumbo-sacral Simple X-Ray Examination
Hyun Sul Lim, Soo Keun Kim, Duck Soo Kim, Hyeon Kyeong Lee, Dae Seob Choi
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2000;12(2):218-226.   Published online June 30, 2000
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2000.12.2.218
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
A study was conducted for investigating the status of simple X-rays on lumbosacral regions at pre-employment health examination and analysing the effectiveness of simple X-rays on lumbosacral regions.
METHODS
The study data were pre-employment health examination data in a university hospital from Jan 3, 1993 through October of 1997. And, 97 newly employed workers who claimed no low back pain at pre-employment health examination of a certain company were follow-up survey about low back pain and related factors in April, 1995 and October of 1997. The data were collected by a self-reported questionnaire and a medical examination with a rehabilitation specialist.
RESULTS
Taking the simple X-rays on lumbo-sacral regions was 1, 591 workers(10.5%) among 15,166 pre-employment health examination from Jan 3, 1993 through October of 1997. And yearly application rates of these X-ray tests have been significantly statistical increasing (p<0.01). 2. The abnormal findings of simple X-rays on lumbo-sacral regions at pre-employment health examination were 40 workers. But, there was not significantly statistical difference between normal and abnormal group for the complaint rate of low back pain. 3. The number of case with symptoms of low back pain at the follow-up survey were 46, so the incidence density was 37. 1 persons/ 100 person-years. And the incidence density was not significantly statistical difference between normal and abnormal group of simple X-rays on lumbo-sacral regions. 4. Through the multivariate logistic regression, significantly associated factors with low back pain were found to be tenure(OR=0.36, 95%CI: 0.17-0.79), lifting of heavy materials(OR=5. 86, 95%CI: l. 58-21. 74).
CONCLUSION
The simple X-rays on lumbo-sacral regions at pre-employment health examination is required further research for utilizing pre-employment health examination according to above results.

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Effects of occupation, life style and genetic polymorphism of CYP1A1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 on urinary 1-hydroxypyrene and 2-naphthol concentration
Heon Kim, Hyun Sul Lim, Jong Won Kang, Holik Lee, Yong Dae Kim, Hong Mei Nan, Chul Ho Lee
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1999;11(4):546-556.   Published online December 31, 1999
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1999.11.4.546
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to describe the distribution patterns of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) and 2naphthol concentration in coke oven workers and workers not occupationally exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and to determine the effects of occupation life style, and genetic polymorphism of cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), glutathione Stransferase mu 1 (GSTM1) and theta 1 (GSTT1) on urinary 1- OHP and 2-naphthol concentration.
METHODS
The study subjects were 19 coke oven workers and 156 shipyard workers. A questionnaire was used to obtain data about detailed smoking and food intake history. Urinary 1OHP and 2naphthol concentration and genetic polymorphism of CYPIA1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 were analyzed.
RESULTS
The urinary 1-OHP and 2-naphthol concentration was higher in the coke oven workers and in smokers. Urinary 1-OHP concentration was significantly correlated with time after last intake of roasted meat in non-smoking coke oven workers, whereas urinary 2-naphthol concentration was with amount of cigarette smoking at the sampling day in smoking shipyard workers. Urinary 1-OHP, but not 2-naphthol, concentration of the shipyard workers with Ile/Ile type of CYP1A1 vas significantly lower than that of the shipyard workers with other CYP1A1 genotype.
CONCLUSIONS
Urinary 1-OHP would be a better marker for occupational exposure to PAH in coke oven workers, and urinary 2naphthol might be better for non-occupational inhalation exposure to PAH. CYP1A1 would not play an important role in the metabolism of naphthalene but in the metabolism of pyrene.

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  • 1-Hydroxypyrene and oxidative stress marker levels among painting workers and office workers at shipyard
    Younglim Kho, Eun-Hee Lee, Hong Jae Chae, Kyungho Choi, Domyung Paek, Sangshin Park
    International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health.2015; 88(3): 297.     CrossRef
  • A study of the status of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in relation to its metabolites among workers in a Korean chemical factory
    Kwan Lee, Hyun-Sul Lim, Heon Kim
    Ciência & Saúde Coletiva.2014; 19(12): 4809.     CrossRef
  • 1-Hydroxypyrene as a biomarker of PAH exposure among subjects living in two separate regions from a steel mill
    Mi-Sun Lee, Ki-Do Eum, Kyung-Duk Zoh, Tak-Soo Kim, Yun-Suk Pak, Domyung Paek
    International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health.2007; 80(8): 671.     CrossRef
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Health Hazards and Diagnostic Methods of Glass Fiber Workers
Hyun Sul Lim, Hae Kwan Jun, Soo Keun Kim, Jung Ran Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1999;11(2):181-195.   Published online June 30, 1999
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1999.11.2.181
AbstractAbstract PDF
This study was conducted to evaluate the health hazards and to develop diagnostic methods of glass fiber workers. We examined 40 male glass fiber workers (exposure group) and 57 male non-glass fiber workers (reference group) with a questionnaire, physical examination, chest x-ray and pathological examination in Mar, 1997. Also we examined 65 male glass fiber workers (exposure group) and 42 male non-glass fiber workers (reference group) with the same methods also we did some energy-dispersive x-ray analyses with a scanning electron microscopic examination in Sep. 1997. Most of the clinical symptoms were significantly more frequent among the exposure group than the reference group. Coughing (32.5%), itching of the nose (30.0%), irritation of eyes (27.5%), irritation of the nose (25.0%) and sputum (22.5%) were the major symptoms among the exposure group in Mar. 1997. Only itching of the nose was significantly more frequent in Sep. 1997. No cases of pneumoconiosis were observed among the groups and there were no differences in chest abnormalities between the exposure group with the reference group on both examinations. The prevalence of dermatosis among the exposure group was 20.0% (8 cases) and the cumulative prevalence was 72.5% (29 cases) in Mar. 1997. The prevalence of dermatosis among the exposure group was 23.1% (15 cases) and the cumulative prevalence was 58.5% (38 cases) in Sep. 1997. Onset of dermatosis among the exposure group was most frequent within one month after handling. The frequent sites of skin lesions were the hands and arms on both examinations. Glass fiber induced skin lesions can be diagnosed by the scotch tape method or KOH mount and then can be examined under the light, polarizing and phase-contrast microcopies. Glass fibers can be identified by some energy-dispersive x-ray analyses with a scanning electron microscopic examination.

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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Occupational Low Back Pain among the Production Workers in a Steel and a Welding Material Manufacturing Factories
Hyun Sul Lim, Soo Keun Kim, Duck Soo Kim, Doohie Kim, Jongmin Lee, Yang Ho Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1999;11(1):52-65.   Published online March 31, 1999
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1999.11.1.52
AbstractAbstract PDF
A cross-sectional study was conducted for detecting the risk factors and to propose an effective control program for occupational low back pain. The subjects were 1,665 male production workers employed at a steel factory and a welding material manufacturing factory. The data were collected by a self-reported questionnaire and a medical examination with a rehabilitation specialist for ten days in September, 1997. The contents of the questionnaire were as follows: general characteristics, physical characteristics, employment status, type of work, working environment and the experience of low back pain. The number of cases with symptoms of occupational low back pain were 321, so the point prevalence was 19.3 persons/100 persons. The number of cases with a history of occupational low back pain for one year were 554, so the one year period prevalence was 33.3 persons/100 persons. The point and one year period prevalences of occupational low back pain showed no significant differences in age, marital status, educational level and body mass index. The point and one year period prevalences of occupational low back pain showed no significant differences in alcohol drinking, smoking, stretching exercise and regular exercise. The point and one year period prevalences of occupational low back pain were significantly higher in the unsatisfied group than the satisfied group(p < 0.01), However, no significant differences were found among tenures and shift work. The point and one year period prevalences of occupational low back pain were significantly higher in the lifting of heavy materials group than the nonlifting group(p < 0.01). However, no significant differences were found among posture of the waist and the working posture. Through the multivariate logistic regression, significantly associated factors with occupational low back pain were found to be dissatisfaction with job(point prevalence: OR=1.78, 95% CI: 1.21-2.61; one year prevalence: OR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.26-2.47), lifting of heavy materials(point prevalence: OR=1.94. 95% CI: 1.44-2.61: one year prevalence: OR=2.17, 95% CI: 1.70-2.77) and tenure(point prevalence: OR=1.03. 95% CI: 1.01-1.06: one year prevalence: OR=1.02, 95% CI: 1.00-1.05).

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  • Incidence and Risk Factors for Occupational Low Back Pain among Seafarer’s
    Jae-Ho KIM
    JOURNAL OF FISHRIES AND MARINE SCIENCES EDUCATION.2018; 30(4): 1265.     CrossRef
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Prevalence of Allergic Diseases of Workers Exposed to Phthalic Anhydride
Hyun Sul Lim, Soo Keun Kim, Ki Sik Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998;10(4):493-504.   Published online December 31, 1998
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1998.10.4.493
AbstractAbstract PDF
Phthalic anhydride (PA) is widely used in the production of alkyd and unsaturated polyester resins. It has been reported that some workers exposed to PA have developed dermatitis, rhinitis and asthma. The authors intended to investigate the prevalence of PA induced allergic diseases and to develop preventive measures of occupational diseases. Forty-five male workers from PA production and handling were selected as an exposure group. Forty-four male workers not handling PA at the same factory were chosen as a reference group. A symptom questionnaire, doctor's examination, eosinophil count, serum-total IgE and PA-specific IgE were done on the subjects. There were no significant differences in age, educational level, tenure or smoking habits between groups. Most clinical symptoms were significantly more frequent among the exposure group than the reference group: sneezing(62.2 %), rhinorrhea(57.8 %), nasal stuffiness(53.3 %), coughing(44.4 %) and nasal itching(35.6 %) were the major symptoms among the exposure group (p<0.01, p<0.05). There were no significant differences in eosinophil count and serum-total IgE between groups but the mean level in PA-specific IgE, in the exposure group, was statistically significantly higher than the reference group (p<0.01). Abnormal rates of eosinophil count, serum-total IgE and PA-specific IgE were not significantly different from each other. The prevalence rate was 68.9 % (31 cases) for allergic rhinitis in the exposure group, statistically significantly higher than the reference group (p<0.01). The prevalence rate was 6.7 %(3 cases) for bronchial asthma and contact dermatitis in the exposure group, not more statistically significant than the reference group. In the exposure group, the prevalence rate for age, educational level, tenure, smoking habits and use of protective devices are not statistically significant. In PA-specific IgE, sensitivity is 10.8 %, specificity is 100.0 %, positive predictability is 100.0 % and negative predictability is 61.2 % when criteria point is 3.5 KU/l or above. As a result, it was recognized that the exposure group had a high prevalence of PA induced allergic rhinitis. Also, in diagnosis of PA induced allergic diseases, medical histories and specific symptoms were the most important where as eosinophil count, serum total IgE are the only indirect informations. PA-specific IgE has been needed to evaluate the meanings more.

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The Development of Health Risk Appraisal at the Worksite
Eun Hee Ha, Heui Sug Jo, Hye Sook Park, Yun Chul Hong, Hyun Sul Lim, Gyu Chul Chung, Yong Ae Lee
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998;10(4):548-561.   Published online December 31, 1998
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1998.10.4.548
AbstractAbstract PDF
Health Risk Appraisal(HRA) is usually defined as a process by which we expect of individual's chances of death or acquiring specific diseases within a defined period of time. The concept of worksite as an area of health maintenance and promotion is newly developing. Our movement for health promotion of employees has been increasingly known in the worksite. The aim of this study is to develop health risk appraisal tools about health promotion at the worksite for employees. We performed this study by two steps: one step was to develop a HRA questionnaire of worksites in Korea, another was to evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire. For developing HRA questionnaire, we reviewed scientific examples at first, and then weighted the score by delphi. To evaluate the reliability of developed questionnaire, we carried out survey by test-retest method. A total of 131 employees completed HRA questionnaire on two times. The results are as follows. The total score of health risk in unhealthy workers was higher than that of healthy workers. The range of test-retest reliability of responses to the questionnaire was 0.57-0.94. Therefore it seems that this questionnaire was very suitable to assess the health behavior of workers. In conclusion, the developed HRA questionnaire can be used as a tool for evaluating health behavior and for providing health counseling materials.

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Three Cases of High Signal Intensity by Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging in CO2 arc Welders
Young Seoub Hong, Myung Ah Lim, Yong Hee Lee, Hae Kwan Cheong, Ji Yong Kim, Hyun Sul Lim, Jung Jeung Lee, Kong Joon Sa, Joon Youn Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998;10(2):290-298.   Published online May 31, 1998
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1998.10.2.290
AbstractAbstract PDF
We experienced three cases of high signal intensity observed by Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging in CO2 arc welders of steel-frame manufacturing industry. Case 1 was a 35 years old man who has been an CO2 arc welder for 10 years, admitted a sudden onset of tonic clonic seizure. He complained fever, chilling and myalgia since 3 days before admission. On admission, in the test of manganese exposure indices, manganese concentrations of blood, urine and scalp hair were 5.17 microgram/dL, 22.00 microgram/l and 31.25 ppm respectively. Case 2 was a 35 years old man who has been an CO2 arc welder for 20 years. On admission, He complained fatigue, numbness and weakness of extremities, and decrease of libido. In the test of manganese exposure indices, manganese concentrations of blood, urine and scalp hair were 6.34 microgram/dL, 14.62 microgram/l and 57.87 ppm respectively. In neurologic examination, Palmo-mentis reflex and Myerson sign were observed. Case 3 was a 33 years old man who has been an CO2 arc welder for 16 years. On admission, He complainer loss of appetite, numbness of extremities, fatigue and decrease of attention. In the test of manganese exposure indices, manganese concentrations of blood, urine and scalp hair were 5.14 microgram/dL, 13.79 microgram/l and 50.08 ppm respectively. In neurologic examination, Myerson sign was observed. In brain magnetic resonance imaging, T1WI showed symmetrical high signal intensity in basal ganglia and midbrain of three cases. Authors argued that they were developed by manganese exposure, and we considered that follow up study would be necessary.

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  • A Study on the Total, Particle Size-Selective Mass Concentration of Airborne Manganese, and Blood Manganese Concentration of Welders in a Shipbuilding Yard
    Jong Su Park, Pan Gyi Kim, Jee Yeon Jeong
    Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.2015; 25(4): 472.     CrossRef
  • Occupational Diseases in Korea
    Seong-Kyu Kang, Eun A Kim
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S4.     CrossRef
  • Occupational Neurological Disorders in Korea
    Eun-A Kim, Seong-Kyu Kang
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S26.     CrossRef
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Chronic Subdural Hematoma Due to Cumulative Trauma to the Head
Hyun Sul Lim, Cheol Jung, Doo hie Kim, Soo Keun Kim, Kuy Chun Lee
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998;10(1):121-127.   Published online February 28, 1998
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1998.10.1.121
AbstractAbstract PDF
Chronic subdural hematoma usually occurs as a consequence of minor trauma. But, chronic subdural hematoma of occupational origin has not been reported yet in Korea. We experienced a case of chronic subdural hematoma induced by repeated trauma to the head. The patient was a 45-year-old male. He complained of repeated headache and nausea. By the computed tomogram, he diagnosed as chronic subdural hematoma and took the operation. He was not an alcoholism and had no intracranial disease nor coagulopathy. We studied all possibilities through working environment and personal environment survey. As a result, we decided the case as an example of cumulative trauma disorder to the head by occupational origin. We report a case of chronic subdural hematoma in the worker exposed repeated head trauma of occupational origin.

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A Case of Occupational Asthma Associated with Chromium
Hyun Sul Lim, Ji Yong Kim, Young Hyun Lee
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1997;9(2):283-291.   Published online June 30, 1997
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1997.9.2.283
AbstractAbstract PDF
Occupational asthma is an important occupation-related disease. We experienced a case of asthma induced by chromium. After discovery, chromium has been widely used in industry. Health effects of chromium and its compounds are contact dermatitis (allergic and irritant), mucosal irritation, basal septal perforation, asthma, and lung cancer. Their toxicity depends on valency, solubility, concentration, pH, exposure duration and route. The patient was a 47-year-old male and an ex-smoker. He complained of cough, sputum and dyspnea while working. Total eosinophil count was elevated but serum IgE value was normal. Bronchoprovocation test with 0.5 % (w/v) chromium solution revealed early and late asthmatic responses. Although his initial methacholine bronchial challenge test shoved a negative result, bronchial hyperresponsiveness developed after bronchoprovocation test with chromium solution. After discharge, he has complained of an intermittent dyspnea. It was suggested that chromium could induce occupational asthma in exposed workers. Further investigations are needed to clarify their pathogenetic mechanisms.

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  • Occupational Diseases in Korea
    Seong-Kyu Kang, Eun A Kim
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S4.     CrossRef
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Cumulative Trauma Disorders among Telephone Directory Assistance Operators
Hae Kwan Cheong, Byung Soon Choi, Ji Yong Kim, Sun Hee Yu, Hyun Sul Lim, Yong Min Kim, Kyung Yun Uh, Yong Wook Kwon
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1997;9(1):140-155.   Published online February 28, 1997
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1997.9.1.140
AbstractAbstract PDF
To evaluate the prevalence of cumulative trauma disorders in relation to ergonomic evaluation of their work, 260 female directory assistance operators employed in three branch facilities of the nation-wide telecommunication company. Ergonomic evaluation of the work status was done by two industrial hygienists through inspection. Workers were surveyed with standardized self-administered questionnaire and examined by family physicians and an orthopaedician for cumulative trauma disorders. Laboratory examination of serum aspartate aminotransferase(AST), creatinine phosphokinase(CPK), aldolase and rheumatoid factor was done and X-ray of cervical spine and both shoulders was taken from all subjects and nerve conduction velocity test was done on 57 subjects with suspected nerve entrapment cases. Cumulative trauma disorders were categorized into 3 category according to work-relatedness of the disorders. On ergonomic evaluation of the working posture and work environment, improvement of work posture revealed inappropriate postures and devices. Mean age of the subjects were 39 years old and more than 80% graduated high school or above. Ninety-eight percent of the workers employed in the company for more than 15 years and 74.6% of the workers worked at the VDT job for more than 4 years. Mean daily work hours was 8.0 hours per day and mean break hours was 90.5 minutes per day with mean extra work hours of 10.7 hours per month. Mean daily calls were 1128.6 calls in maximum and 864.8 calls in minimum. On laboratory examination, 13 (5.0%) workers had abnormal AST, 53(20.4%) had abnormal CPK, and 1 (0.4%) had abnormal aldolase level. On x-ray examination of cervical spine, 111 (42.7%) had loss of or reversed normal cervical lordosis, 10(3.8%) had narrowing of intervertebral space. Nerve conduction velocity test was abnormal in 11 (19.2%) among 57 workers. Among disorders categorized as work-related, 131 (50.4%) were diagnosed to have fatigue myalgia of levator scapulae, 108 (41.5%) had cervical strain or sprain, 47 (18.1%) had fatigue arthralgia of phalangeal joints, and 47 (18.1%) had probable carpal tunnel syndrome, in 10 (3.8%) of those diagnosis was confirmed electrophysiologically. Age, seniority, work duration at present job, workload nor location of facilities were associated with the prevalence of symptoms nor specific diagnoses on simple statistical analysis and multiple logistic regression, which deems to be due to highly selected and homogeneous characteristics of the study subjects. Above results shows that cumulative trauma disorders are very prevalent among directory assistance operators and elaborate effort is needed to reduce the cumulative trauma disorders among the operators.

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  • Distribution of age, gender, and occupation among individuals with carpal tunnel syndrome based on the National Health Insurance data and National Employment Insurance data
    Il-Ho Lee, Young-Ki Kim, Dong-Mug Kang, Se-Yeong Kim, In-Ah Kim, Eun-Mi Kim
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Its Related Factors among Male Workers in a Nonferrous Manufacturing Industry
    Yeon-Ok Jeong, Young-Chae Cho
    Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2012; 13(8): 3552.     CrossRef
  • Risk Factors of Work-related Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Disorders in Male Shipyard Workers: Structural Equation Model Analysis
    Byung-Chan Park, Hae-Kwan Cheong, Eun-A Kim, Soo Geun Kim
    Safety and Health at Work.2010; 1(2): 124.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in Meat and Fish Processing Plants
    Joon Youn Kim, Jung Il Kim, Ji Eun Son, Sung Kuk Yun
    Journal of Occupational Health.2004; 46(3): 230.     CrossRef
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A Study on the Status of Preemployment Health Examination
Hae Kwan Cheong, Hyun Sul Lim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1995;7(2):332-346.   Published online October 31, 1995
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1995.7.2.332
AbstractAbstract PDF
Preemployment health examination, stipulated by the Occupational Safety and Health Regulations, plays an important role in workers' health management. Recently, employers are getting more aware of the importance of screening recruits before employment to decrease the development of occupational disorders and work loss due to health problems. Accordingly, additional test items are being included and selection criteria for preemployment health examination is getting more strict. However, studies and. data on preemployment health examination are scarce until now. Authors reviewed preemployment health certificates of 3,261 recruits issued by a university hospital in Pohang from January 3 to December 31, 1993, analyzed regulations on preemployment health examination of 16 companies in the Pohang area, and surveyed 80 health and safety personnel with questionnaire to evaluate the present status of preemployment health examination. Of 3,261 recruits 125 (3.8 %) failed to recruit. Main causes of. failure were chronic liver disease, tuberculosis of undetermined activity. The regulations of 16 companies on preemployment health examination were reviewed. Most companies adopted additional test items in addition to basic test items listed on the Regulation; test of physical strength, pulmonary function test, pure tone audiometer (2000 Hz and 4000 Hz in addition to 1000 Hz), exercise provocation test, urine erythrocyte and urobilinogen, complete blood count, stool examination, VDRL, arid sputum examination for acid fast bacilli In most companies, obesity, hearing disturbance, color vision disturbance was included in the selection criteria. Hepatitis B carrier was not accepted in 4 companies, accepted conditionally in 2, and accepted in 5 companies. Of 80 health and safety personnel of companies in the Pohang area, 56 (70. 0 %) perceived preemployment health examination as a tool for selection of recruits and 14(17.5%) as a procedure for job fitting. Most of them were against the acceptance of recruits with hepatitis B carrier, lumbar spine deformity, and hearing disturbance. In conclusion, preemployment health examination is performed mainly for the purpose of selection of healthier employee, but test items and selection creteria is not seem to be adequate. Authors suggest that further studies are needed to select the test items for specific job, and application of selection criteria be restricted only to some specified jobs. Consecutive filling of preemployment health examination to the periodic health examination was also suggested.

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Validity and Reliability of Data Derived from Questionnaire on Neurobehavioral Symptoms
Ho Jang Kwon, Soo Hun Cho, Hyun Sul Lim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1995;7(1):21-27.   Published online February 28, 1995
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1995.7.1.21
AbstractAbstract PDF
There are many studies on the neurobehavioral symptoms due to organic solvent exposure using questionnaire. However there is little published evidence on validity and reliability of the questionnaire on the neurobehavioral symptoms. In present study, the authors tested the validity and reliability of our questionnaire, which was designed for screening neurobehavioral disturbance in organic solvent exposer. Questionnaire was administered to the workers of one paint manufacturing plant and one coil manufacturing plant. In order to evaluate validity of the questionnaire, the average questionnaire scores of two plants were compared. The average score of paint manufacturing plant were higher than that of coil manufacturing plant and the difference was statistically significant. After adjustment of age, duration of employment, education, smoking history and alcohol consumption, significance was maintained. Test-retest reliability was evaluated by kappa statistics. More than 50% of question items showed values of kappa above 0.4, Cronbach coefficient alpha whoch reflects internal consistency of the questionnaire was 0.86. Overall the data showed that validity and reliability of the questionnaire were generally acceptable.

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  • Occupational Neurological Disorders in Korea
    Eun-A Kim, Seong-Kyu Kang
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S26.     CrossRef
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A Study on the Change of the Bone Density among Workers Exposed to Hydrofluoric Acid
Ji Yong Kim, Hyun Sul Lim, Hoe Kyeong Cheong, Hyeon Kyeong Lee, Heung Sik Kang
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1995;7(1):120-127.   Published online February 28, 1995
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1995.7.1.120
AbstractAbstract PDF
Hydrofluoric acid is one of the strongest irritating, corrosive and poisonous inorganic chemicals. The most significant chronic consequence of excessive fluoride exposure is the disorder of skeletal system and connective tissue. The first stage of osteofluorosis consists of an increase in the density of flatbone such as pelvic bone and vertebral bones, with coarseness and blurring of bone trabecular. Therefore we wanted to observe the change of the bone density among workers exposed to hydrofluoric acid. Questionnaires and radiological investigations were performed for 39 hydrofluoric acid manufacturing factory worker sexposed to hydrofluoric acid. And then authors checked urinary fluoride level by fluoride ion method. the radiographs were doubly read by two radiologists for reliability. The results were as follows; 1. There was a significant difference in urinary fluoride level (p<0.01), but not in age, in tenure(p>0.05) among workers by the job title. 2. By the two radiologists, eight cases were read as bone fluorosis. The prevalence rate of bone fluorosis was 20.5%. 3. There was not a significant difference in general characteristic such as age, tenure and in muculoskeletal signs and symptoms between the fluorosis group and the normal group. 4. However, a close relationship between the occurence of the change of bone density and the degree of fluorde exposure such as burn was found. The difficulties in diagnosing fluorosis result from the questionable sensitively of x-ray techniques and from the non-specific associated signs and symptoms. A quantitative method such as densitometry to assessosteosclerosis and bone structure alteration and a follow-up study are needed.

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  • Health Care Plan for Hydrogen Fluoride Spill, Gumi, Korea
    Hyun-Sul Lim, Kwan Lee
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2012; 27(11): 1283.     CrossRef
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A Case Report on Glass Fiber-induced Health Hazard due to Car interior Material
Hyun Sul Lim, Hae Kwan Cheong, Ji Yong Kim, Hoe Kyeong Cheong, Yeol Oh Sung, Nam Won Paik
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1994;6(2):439-446.   Published online September 30, 1994
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1994.6.2.439
AbstractAbstract PDF
Glass Fiber is manufactured from typical glass-making raw materials, silicon dioxide with various metals and other elements. There are three distinct types of commercial glass fiber products: glass wool, an entangled mass of interlocking fibers; continuous glass filament, a product with a more ordered arrangement of fibers; and special-purpose glass fiber, a small-diameter fiber (less than 3 um) . We report a case of glass fiber-induced health hazard due to continuous glass filament from fiber reinforced plastics (FRF) as car interior material. A 40 years old man complained a sudden onset of severe itching on whole body, especially neck and forearms while driving a new car. He also complained burning of eyes, sore throat and productive cough. We diagnosed the glass fiver-induced skin lesion by placing skin scraping on a slide glass and examining the specimen under a microscope. We found same fibers from the air samples in the car and from the material of the interior surface of the car by the microscopic examination. Therefore we confirmed that the patient's symptoms and signs were induced by glass fiber.

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A Study on the Manganese Exposure and Health Hazards Among Manganese Manufacturing Workers
Ji Yong Kim, Hyun Sul Lim, Hae Kwan Cheong, Nam Won Paik
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1994;6(1):98-112.   Published online February 28, 1994
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1994.6.1.98
AbstractAbstract PDF
To estimate the manganese (Mn, below) exposure of workers in the ferromanganese manufacture factory and to evaluate its health effects, airborne, blood and urine Mn concentration measurements, questionnaire and other neurologic examinations were performed on 80 Mn-handing productive male workers (exposed group), 47 non-Mn-handling productive male workers (internal control group) and 144 productive male workers in other factory (external control group). The results obtained were as follows; The highest airborne Mn fume concentration among the work process was found at charging (0.42 mg/m3), and ferromanganese crushing process (1.14 mg/m3) was the highest in Mn dust. However all of them were below threshold limit value. Mean Mn concentrations in blood and urine of crushing workers were higher than those of other part workers. Among all of them, workers whose urine Mn concentration were exceed normal reference level (10 microgram/l) were 31 (18.5%). There was statistically significant correlation between airborne and urine Mn concentration (r=0.60), and so between airborne and blood Mn concentration (r=0.49), while there was no statistically significant correlation between blood and urine Mn concentration. Mean Mn concentration in airborne (0.60 mg/m3), urine (6.92 microgram/l) and blood (3.16 microgram/dl) in exposed group were significantly higher than those of control groups (p<0.01). Clinical symptoms such as excessive sweating, hypoesthesia, libido change, anosmia, decreased visual acuity and difficulty in writing showed higher positive rate in exposed group. Positive rate of clinical signs such as eye blinking and masked face in exposed group was higher than external control group. However clinical and laboratory findings such as blood pressure, blood chemistry, grip strength in exposed group were not statistically different from those of control groups. The results suggested that further studies were followed to evaluate the workers whose blood Mn concentration were below normal reference level but urine Mn concentrations above normal reference level, and to establish the questionnaire and the diagnostic tools to detect the Mn poisoning workers early.

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  • A Study on the Total, Particle Size-Selective Mass Concentration of Airborne Manganese, and Blood Manganese Concentration of Welders in a Shipbuilding Yard
    Jong Su Park, Pan Gyi Kim, Jee Yeon Jeong
    Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.2015; 25(4): 472.     CrossRef
  • Neurobehavioral Deficits and Parkinsonism in Occupations with Manganese Exposure: A Review of Methodological Issues in the Epidemiological Literature
    Robert M. Park
    Safety and Health at Work.2013; 4(3): 123.     CrossRef
  • Exposure-Response Relationship and Risk Assessment for Cognitive Deficits in Early Welding-Induced Manganism
    Robert M. Park, Rosemarie M. Bowler, Harry A. Roels
    Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine.2009; 51(10): 1125.     CrossRef
  • Sequelae of fume exposure in confined space welding: A neurological and neuropsychological case series
    Rosemarie M. Bowler, Sanae Nakagawa, Marija Drezgic, Harry A. Roels, Robert M. Park, Emily Diamond, Donna Mergler, Maryse Bouchard, Russell P. Bowler, William Koller
    NeuroToxicology.2007; 28(2): 298.     CrossRef
  • State-of-the-Science Review: Does Manganese Exposure During Welding Pose a Neurological Risk?
    Annette B. Santamaria, Colleen A. Cushing, James M. Antonini, Brent L. Finley, Fionna S. Mowat
    Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B.2007; 10(6): 417.     CrossRef
  • Issues in neurological risk assessment for occupational exposures: The Bay Bridge welders
    Robert M. Park, Rosemarie M. Bowler, Donald E. Eggerth, Emily Diamond, Katie J. Spencer, Donald Smith, Roberto Gwiazda
    NeuroToxicology.2006; 27(3): 373.     CrossRef
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A follow-up study on diatomaceous earth pneumoconiosis in the diatomite factory
Hyun Sul Lim, Ji Yong Kim, Won Jae Lee, Im Goung Yun
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1993;5(2):195-204.   Published online September 30, 1993
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1993.5.2.195
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Blood carboxyhemoglobin levels and clinical symptoms of furnace-repairing workers
Heon Kim, Hyun Sul Lim, Soo Hun Cho, Dork Ro Yun
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1993;5(1):152-162.   Published online February 28, 1993
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1993.5.1.152
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A study on the subjective symptoms of the workers exposed to chronic low dose organic solvents
Sun Min Kim, Soo Hun Cho, Hyun Sul Lim, Heon Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1993;5(1):104-113.   Published online February 28, 1993
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1993.5.1.104
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  • Association between Exposure to Organic Solvents and Symptom of Headache and Eyestrain among Laundry Workers: Analysis of the 6th Korean Working Conditions Survey Data
    Hyun-Sun Jeong, Kyoung-Mu Lee
    Journal of Environmental Health Sciences.2023; 49(6): 372.     CrossRef
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A study on the status of management among workers diagnosed as hearing loss in an iron foundry
Hyun Sul Lim, Heon Kim, Hae Kwan Cheong
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1992;4(2):190-198.   Published online October 31, 1992
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1992.4.2.190
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  • For 5-years the Longitudinal Study on the Effect of Noise Exposure and Aging to the Changes of Hearing Threshold Level
    Chang Ho Chae, Ja Hyun Kim, Jun Seok Son
    Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.2015; 25(4): 573.     CrossRef
  • Occupational Hearing Loss in Korea
    Kyoo Sang Kim
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S62.     CrossRef
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Development of diatomaceous earth pneumoconiosis in the diatomitefactory
Hyun Sul Lim, Won Jae Lee, Im Goung Yun
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1992;4(1):61-69.   Published online February 29, 1992
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1992.4.1.61
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