Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Special Article

Approval status and characteristics of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among Korean workers in 2020: Eun-woo Cha, Sae-mi Jung, Il-ho Lee, Dae Hwan Kim, Eui Hyek Choi, In-ah Kim, Yong-kyu Kim, Kyung-joon Lee, Yang Won Kang, Ho-gil Kim, Young-ki Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2022;34:e31. Published online October 26, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2022.34.e31

Abstract Abstract in Korean PDF PubReader ePub

Background

This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) in occupational disease claims and identify patterns of WRMSDs for each body part by industry and occupation.

Methods

This study analyzed the raw data of occupational disease claims for musculoskeletal disorders deliberated by the Occupational Disease Decision Committee of the Korea Workers’ Compensation & Welfare Service in 2020. The data was classified into 6 body parts with the highest numbers of occupational disease cases by using the complete enumeration data on principal diagnoses and 4 types of subdiagnoses in the raw data. The characteristics and approval rates of WRMSDs by body part, industry and occupation were examined and summarized.

Results

A total of 13,015 occupational disease cases for WRMSDs were classified, and lumbar spinal (back) diseases accounted for the largest proportion of claimed diseases, followed by shoulder, elbow, wrist, knee, and neck diseases in a descending order. The occupations with the highest and second highest numbers of occupational disease cases by body part were found to be automobile assemblers and production-related elementary workers for the neck, school meal service workers and cooks for the back, construction frame mold carpenters and school meal service workers for the shoulder, elementary workers in mining and food service workers for the elbow, food service workers and automobile parts assemblers for the wrist, and ship welders and school meal service workers for the knee.

Conclusions

This study examined the characteristics and approval status of WRMSDs by body part and occupation. Based on the study results, management strategies for the prevention of WRMSDs should be established regarding occupations with a high risk of WRMSDs for each body part.

업무상 근골격계질환의 2020년 산업재해 승인 현황과 특성
목적
본 연구는 업무 관련 근골격계 질환(WMSD)의 특성과 신체 부위에 따른 업종 및 직종별 WMSD 승인율을 분석하기 위해 실시됐다.
방법
2020년 근로복지공단 업무상질병판정위원회에서 심의된 근골격계질환 신청건의 원자료를 활용하여 분석하였다. 원자료의 주상병과 네가지 부상병 정보 전수를 활용하여, 상병신청건수가 많은 6개의 신체부위로 구분하였다. 각 부위별로 업종 및 직종에 대하여 특성과 승인율을 정리 하였다.
결과
WMSD 신청건수는는 총 13015건이 분류되었고, 이중 요추질환이 가장많았고, 어깨, 팔, 손목, 무릎, 경추 순으로 이어졌다. 부위별로 신청건수가 많았던 직종으로 경추는 자동차조립, 제조관련단순종사원, 요추는 급식조리사, 조리사, 어깨는 건설형틀목공, 급식조리사, 팔은 광업단순종사원, 급식조리사, 손목은 급식조리사, 자동차부품조립, 무릎은 조선용접공, 급식조리사로 조사됐다.
결론
신체 부위별 직종에 따른 WMSD의 특성 및 승인율 등을 살펴보았다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 신체 부위별 고위험 직종에 대하여 WMSD 예방을 위한 관리 전략이 수립되어야 한다.

Citations

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Self-Esteem Trajectories After Occupational Injuries and Diseases and Their Relation to Changes in Subjective Health: Result From the Panel Study of Workers’ Compensation Insurance (PSWCI)
Seong-Uk Baek, Won-Tae Lee, Min-Seok Kim, Myeong-Hun Lim, Jin-Ha Yoon, Jong-Uk Won
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among workers in the automobile manufacturing industry in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Xiongda He, Bin Xiao, Junle Wu, Chunshuo Chen, Wankang Li, Maosheng Yan
BMC Public Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

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Original Article

Association between split shift work and work-related injury and disease absence: Kwon Ko, Jae Bum Park, Kyung-Jong Lee, Inchul Jeong; Ann Occup Environ Med 2021;33:e27. Published online August 19, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2021.33.e27

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Background
Shift work (particularly split shifts) has been noted among the working conditions that hinder sustainable work. However, little is known regarding the effects of split shifts on health. This study aimed to investigate the association between split shift work and work-related injury and disease absence.
Methods
This study used data from the fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey and included 4,042 paid shift workers. Shift work type and self-reported work-related injury and disease absence were investigated using a questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between split shift work and work-related absence with rotating shift worker as the reference group.
Results
Of the 4,042 shift workers, 980 (24.3%) were split shift workers. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of split shift for absence due to work-related injury was high at 2.94 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.85–4.68) and the aOR of split shift for absence due to work-related disease was also high at 1.58 (95% CI: 1.09–2.29) compared to rotating shift.
Conclusions
Split shift work leads to an increased risk of absences due to work-related injury and disease.

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Research Article

Relationship between job rotation and work-related low back pain: a cross-sectional study using data from the fifth Korean working conditions survey: Ji-Su Shin, Kwanghyun Seo, Hyun-Jeong Oh, MyeongSeob Lim, Hee-Tae Kang, Kyeong-Sook Jeong, Sang-Baek Koh, Sung-Kyung Kim, Sung-Soo Oh; Ann Occup Environ Med 2021;33:e3. Published online January 28, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2021.33.e3

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background

Job rotation was introduced in various industries as a strategic form of work for improving workers' job skills and health management. This study aims to examine the relationship between job rotation and work-related low back pain (LBP), one of the typical work-related musculoskeletal symptoms of Korean workers.

Methods

We conducted this study using the data of the 5th Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS). As the subject of this study, 27,163 wage workers were selected, and classified into three groups according to occupational type (white-collar, service and sales, and blue-collar). In this study, job rotation means to change the work-related activities with other colleagues periodically and work-related LBP was defined as whether there was work-related LBP in the last 12 months. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to analyze the relationship between job rotation and work-related LBP.

Results

Out of 27,163 workers, 2,421 (8.9%) answered that they had job rotation and 2,281 (8.4%) answered that they experienced work-related LBP. According to the results from logistic regression, job rotation was significantly associated with low prevalence of work-related LBP among blue-collar workers (odds ratio [OR]: 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.58–0.88), whereas no significant relationship was observed among white-collar, service and sales groups. In addition, the negative association between job rotation and work-related LBP among blue-collar workers was more pronounced when exposed to ergonomic risk factors (uncomfortable posture OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.64–0.98; heavy work OR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.57–0.96; repetitive work OR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.60–0.92).

Conclusions

Job rotation was associated with low prevalence of work-related LBP among workers in the blue-collar occupational group in Korea. It is necessary to evaluate the effect of job rotation by occupational type and introduce an appropriate method of job rotation to reduce workers' work-related musculoskeletal symptoms.

Citations

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Physical hazards, musculoskeletal pain, and job control: Multilevel results from the European Social Survey
Duygu Gulseren
Safety Science.2022; 156: 105901. CrossRef

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Research Article

A descriptive study of claims for occupational mental disorder: adjustment disorder: Kyuyeon Kim, Inah Kim, Kanwoo Youn; Ann Occup Environ Med 2020;32:e39. Published online December 9, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e39

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background

The number of claims of Industrial Accidents Compensation Insurance (IACI) for mental illness has increased. In particular, the approval rate was higher in cases with confirmed incident circumstances such as adjustment disorder, acute stress disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. With increased numbers of filed IACI applications and their approval rates, the need to evaluate various work-related incidents and stressors consistently is also increasing.

Method

In January 2015–December 2017, among the cases of industrial accidents filed for mental illness and suicide by the Korea Workers' Compensation and Welfare Service, 76 filed or approved adjustment disorder cases were included. The cases of adjustment disorder were applied in this study to the “Criteria for Recognition of Mental Disorders by Psychological Loads” established in Japan in 2011 and investigated if cases were approved/rejected consistently. Additionally, features with the greatest influence on approval/rejection were examined quantitatively.

Results

The number of applications more than doubled from 2015 to 2017, with the approval rate rising from 66.7% to 90.6%. Among the major categories, applications of adjustment disorder related to “interpersonal relationships” were the largest number of applications. Applications related to “sexual harassment”, “interpersonal relationships”, and “accidents and experiences including fires” showed relatively higher approval rate. The approval rate was the lowest in the case of “change in the amount and quality of work”.

Conclusions

Approved cases tend to have special precedents and strong intensity. The main reasons for the rejection were that there were no special precedents and that the intensity of the case was weak. These 2 were the most important factors in determining approval/rejection.

Citations

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Reciprocal longitudinal associations of supportive workplace relationships with depressive symptoms and self-rated health: A study of Korean women
Seong-Uk Baek, Jin-Ha Yoon, Jong-Uk Won
Social Science & Medicine.2023; 333: 116176. CrossRef

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Review

A work-relatedness assessment in epidemiological case investigation of occupational cancers: I. Principles: Kihun Kim, Jungwon Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2020;32:e30. Published online September 1, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e30

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

It is important to identify the causal relationship between occupational exposure and the disease in the area of compensation because most cancers have long latent period. This review presents the principles that should be considered when evaluating the work-relatedness. We reviewed reports on occupational cancers published by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, National Toxicology Program, Environmental Protection Agency, European Union, which are the world's most prestigious organizations. In addition, we reviewed relevant papers and books published in Korea. The process is conducted in the order of cancer diagnosis, exposure assessment for carcinogens, and work-relatedness assessment. The probability of causation is determined stochastically rather than deterministically. There is no absolute standard for accreditation criteria and results may vary according to expert opinions and in each country or organization. Revealing the causal relationship of occupational cancers is a difficult process owing to inconsistency in relevant epidemiological studies, lack of well-established biological mechanisms, loss of objective occupational historical data, and other complexity of individual cases. Causation is unclear in many cases. Nevertheless, the data should be reviewed in detail for each case suspected of work-related cancers, and an assessment should be made through valid and plausible logic and literature evidences.

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Technetium-99m hand perfusion scintigraphy (Raynaud’s scan) as a method of verification in hand arm vibration syndrome: a review
Taewoong Ha, Hyeoncheol Oh, Jungwon Kim
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

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Research Article

Association of work–life balance with occupational injury and work-related musculoskeletal pain among Korean workers: Jong-min An, Jinseok Kim, Seongyong Yoon, Kuck-Hyun Woo, Seong-yong Cho, Kibeom Kim, Ha-ram Jo; Ann Occup Environ Med 2020;32:e20. Published online June 30, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e20

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background

The concept of work-life balance (WLB) has become an important issue in workers' health and safety. This study aims to investigate the relationship between WLB and occupational injury and work-related musculoskeletal pain.

Method

The study included 27,383 workers who participated in the Fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey. Participants were divided into good WLB and poor WLB groups based on their responses to the five question items which comprised two dimensions: work-on-life conflict (items, 1–3) and life-on-work conflict (items 4 and 5). Occupational injury and musculoskeletal pain were also assessed using the question items. The χ² test and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the relationship of WLB to occupational injury and musculoskeletal pain while considering socio-demographic and occupational characteristics and ergonomic and psychological risk factors.

Results

Of the 27,383 participants, 252 (0.9%) had experienced an occupational injury and 6,408 (23.4%) had musculoskeletal pain. The poor WLB group had higher injury rates for both men (1.7%) and women (0.9%) than the good WLB group (1.1% and 0.4%, respectively). Additionally, the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain was higher for both men and women in the poor WLB group (25.2% and 28.0%, respectively) than for men and women in the good WLB group (18.7% and 23.6%, respectively). In the logistic regression analysis, the adjusted odds ratio of WLB for occupational injury was 1.37 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06–1.78), and that for musculoskeletal pain was 1.14 (95% CI: 1.07–1.21), showing positive associations of WLB with both occupational injury and musculoskeletal pain.

Conclusions

Poor WLB causes an increase in occupational injury and musculoskeletal pain. Therefore, an improvement in WLB may reduce the incidence of occupational injury and musculoskeletal pain among workers. Social and policy-related initiatives are needed to improve workers' WLB to reduce occupational injury and musculoskeletal pain.

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Construction and validation of a musculoskeletal disease risk prediction model for underground coal miners
Haili Zhao, Hong Dou, Xianting Yong, Wei Liu, Saiyidan Yalimaimaiti, Ying Yang, Xiaoqiao Liang, Lili Sun, Jiwen Liu, Li Ning
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Case Report

Gastric and rectal cancers in workers exposed to asbestos: a case series: Byeong Ju Choi, Saerom Lee, Iu Jin Lee, Soon Woo Park, Sanggil Lee; Ann Occup Environ Med 2020;32:e4. Published online January 2, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e4

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background

The Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute (OSHRI) of the Korea had not recognized gastrointestinal cancer as work-related disease during their evaluation. However, in 2018 OSHRI recognized gastric and rectal cancers as work-related disease in asbestos-exposed workers. We present 2 such cases along supportive evidence of causation.

Case presentation

Patient A: A 57-year-old man had worked for about 40 years since 1978 as an oxygen cutter at workplaces that dismantle ships, buildings, boilers, and thermal power plants. In November 2016, endoscopy and biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of advanced gastric cancer, for which he underwent subtotal gastrectomy and chemotherapy; however, he later died of the cancer. Patient B: A 71-year-old man had worked in shipbuilding and repair workplaces for approximately 49 years, being employed in pipe laying, asbestos insulation installation, grinding, and other ship repair work. In 2003, he was diagnosed of rectal cancer by abdominal computed tomography. He accordingly underwent surgical removal of the cancer. Based on the occupational history of the 2 patients and our review of the relevant literature addressing the occupational environment, we concluded that both patients had continuous exposure to high levels of asbestos while performing their jobs for 40 and 49 years, respectively.

Conclusion

Both patients had a history of smoking and drinking (non-occupational personal risk factors). However, the possibility of an increased risk of gastric and rectal cancers from asbestos exposure cannot be excluded. Therefore, we considered that occupational exposure to asbestos had contributed to the cancer diagnosis in these cases. Workers exposed to asbestos should be made aware of the possibility of gastric or rectal cancer, and should undergo monitoring and medical examinations. Appropriate compensation for gastric and rectal cancers that occur in workers exposed to asbestos are anticipated in future.

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Research Article

The association between long working hours and work-related musculoskeletal symptoms of Korean wage workers: data from the fourth Korean working conditions survey (a cross-sectional study): Jae-Gwang Lee, Guang Hwi Kim, Sung Won Jung, Sang Woo Kim, June-Hee Lee, Kyung-Jae Lee; Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:67. Published online December 3, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0278-0

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background

It has been reported that long working hours are hazardous to the workers’ health. Especially, work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) have been considered as one of the significant health issues in workplace. The objective of this study was to identify the association between long working hours and work-related musculoskeletal symptoms.

Methods

The analysis was conducted using data from the Fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS). Subjects of this study were 24,783 wage workers and divided into three groups according to the weekly working hours, which were ≤ 40, 41–52 and > 52 h. The relationship between long working hours and work-related musculoskeletal symptoms was analyzed by multivariate logistic regression method after adjusting for general, occupational characteristics including specific working motions or postures and psychosocial factors.

Results

Approximately 18.4% of subjects worked more than 52 h per week and 26.4 and 16.4% of male subjects and 33.0 and 23.4% of female subjects experienced work-related upper and lower limb pains, respectively, over the last 12 months. Moreover, the prevalence of upper and lower limb pain was increased in both genders as the weekly working hours increased. The odds ratios (ORs) of upper limb pain for those working 41–52 h and more than 52 h per week when adjusted for general, occupational characteristics including specific motions or postures and psychosocial factors were 1.36 and 1.40 for male workers and 1.26 and 1.66 for female workers compared to the reference group, respectively. Furthermore, ORs of lower limb pain for the same weekly working hour groups were 1.26 and 1.47 for male workers and 1.20 and 1.47 for female workers, respectively.

Conclusions

Long working hours were significantly related to work-related musculoskeletal symptoms in Korean wage workers and appropriate interventions should be implemented to reduce long working hours that can negatively affect workers’ health.

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PEMILIHAN ANALGESIK EKSTERNAL UNTUK MENGATASI NYERI OTOT PADA KULI ANGKUT PUSAT GROSIR SURABAYA
Nida Septioning Sukma, Devy Maulidya Cahyani, Yuniar Tri Saskia Revi, Evelyn Clarissa Febiany, Fatihatul Alifiyah, Berlian Sarasitha Hariawan, Iffah Khosyyatillah, Ni’matul Khoiriyyah, Savira Putri Ayuningtyas, Firda Rosyidah, Mufarrihah Mufarrihah
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Alfred Okello, Solomon Tsebeni Wafula, Deogratias K. Sekimpi, Richard K. Mugambe
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Association of Exposure to a Combination of Ergonomic Risk Factors with Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Korean Workers
Jungsun Park, Yangho Kim
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(24): 9456. CrossRef
Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal symptoms and associated risk factors among domestic gas workers and staff of works department in Enugu, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study
Chinenye Doris Oluka, Esther Obidike, Antoninus Obinna Ezeukwu, Ogochukwu Kelechi Onyeso, Echezona Nelson Dominic Ekechukwu
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Factors related to the risk of illness of nursing staff at work in a psychiatric institution
Kayo Henrique Jardel Feitosa Sousa, Regina Célia Gollner Zeitoune, Luciana Fernandes Portela, Gisele Massante Peixoto Tracera, Katerine Gonçalves Moraes, Rachel Ferreira Savary Figueiró
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Farkhondeh Forouzan, Hadi Teimouri, Ali Safari
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Hyunil Kim, Byung-Seong Suh, Won-Cheol Lee, Han-Seur Jeong, Kyung-Hun Son, Min-Woo Nam, Hyeong-Cheol Kim
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Prevalence, patterns, and coping strategies of musculoskeletal disorders among caterers in the selected local government areas of Lagos State in Nigeria, 2017
Ashiyat Akodu, Ibitayo Famose
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Sungjin Park, June-Hee Lee, Wanhyung Lee
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Research Article

Relationship between simultaneous exposure to ergonomic risk factors and work-related lower back pain: a cross-sectional study based on the fourth Korean working conditions survey: Jae-Yeop Kim, Ji-Su Shin, Myeong-Seob Lim, Hyeon-Gyeong Choi, Sung-Kyeong Kim, Hee-Tae Kang, Sang-Baek Koh, Sung-Soo Oh; Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:58. Published online September 5, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0269-1

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Background

It is well known that ergonomic risk factors and back pain are related. However, few studies have examined the relationship between simultaneous exposure to these risk factors and back pain in a Korean population. We aimed to investigate the relationship between simultaneous exposure to ergonomic risk factors and work-related lower back pain (LBP) based on the fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS).

Method

The fourth KWCS (2014) was used for this study. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used to assess relationship between 5 ergonomic risk factors and work-related LBP. We also analyzed the relationship between simultaneous exposure to 2 risk factors and work-related LBP.

Results

All 5 ergonomic risk factors (fatigue-inducing and painful posture; lifting or moving people; dragging, pushing, or moving heavy objects; standing posture; and repetitive hand or arm movements) were significantly correlated with work-related LBP in the severe exposure group (adjusted odd ratios [aOR] 5.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.46–5.83; aOR 1.98, 95% CI 1.62–2.42; aOR 2.09, 95% CI 1.82–2.40; aOR 1.79, 95% CI 1.60–2.01; aOR 2.04, 95% CI 1.82–2.30, respectively). When exposed to 2 risk factors simultaneously, the relationship between exposure and work-related LBP was not greater than exposure to only 1 risk factor in our study (usually exposed to ‘fatigue-inducing or painful posture’ aOR 2.17, 95% CI 2.02–2.34; high exposure to both ‘fatigue-inducing or painful posture’ and ‘dragging, pushing, or moving heavy objects’ aOR 2.00, 95% CI 1.82–2.20).

Conclusions

There was a strong relationship between severe exposure to each ergonomic risk factor and work-related LBP. However, when exposed to 2 ergonomic risk factors simultaneously, the relationship between exposure and work-related LBP was not stronger than when exposed to only 1 risk factor in our study.

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Jaehyuk JUNG, Jae Bum PARK, Kyung-Jong LEE, Youngwook SEO, Inchul JEONG
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Low Back Pain in Resident Doctors with Standardized Training in China: A Cross-Sectional Study
Han-Wen Zhang, Hong-Ping Tan, Qiu-Xia Feng
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Prevalence and Associated Factors of Low Back Pain Among Healthcare Professionals at University of Gondar Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: Cross-Sectional Study
Nini Asfaw Negash, Azmeraw Tadele, Abebaw Jember Ferede
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Gender differences in associating musculoskeletal complaints, housework, electronic device usage and physical exercise for administrative workers
Tânia M. Lima, Denis A. Coelho
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Canan Birimoglu Okuyan, Mehmet A. Begen
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Lumbopelvic sagittal standing posture associations with anthropometry, physical activity levels and trunk muscle endurance in healthy adults
George A. Koumantakis, Antonios Malkotsis, Stefanos Pappas, Maria Manetta, Timotheos Anastopoulos, Apollon Kakouris, Eleutherios Kiourtsidakis
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Research Article

An overview of compensated work-related injuries among Korean firefighters from 2010 to 2015: Hyung Doo Kim, Yon Soo An, Dong Hyun Kim, Kyung Sook Jeong, Yeon Soon Ahn; Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:57. Published online September 3, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0268-2

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Background

Although one in two firefighters in South Korea have experienced work-related injuries, there are few studies which show the overview description on work-related injuries and its analysis regarding such causes. Therefore, we aimed to show the overview of compensated work-related injuries in order to serve fundamental data for establishing prevention policies on work-related injuries for Korean firefighters.

Methods

We requested the all claimed work-related injury data of Korean firefighters from 2010 to 2015 to the Korean National Fire Agency (NFA). The data from NFA including 2457 claimed cases was analyzed and we confirmed, 2154 approved work-related injuries for the kinds of job activities, cause of accident and type of injuries. Among 2154 approved cases, we analyzed more variables for the sex, age, and job duration of 1344 compensated cases through served text file on summary of accident.

Results

The Government Employees Pension Service (GEPS) recognized 2154 (87.7%) approved work-related injuries among 2457 claimed cases. The incidence of work-related injuries per 1000 firefighters was 9.8 persons. By region, the incidence of work-related injuries per 1000 firefighters ranged from a maximum of 14.5 to a minimum of 4.0. The most common job activity caused the accident was fire suppression (18.0%), followed by Emergency medical services (EMS) (17.5%) and training (10.7%). The most common cause of these accident was movement imbalance (30.3%), followed by falls (18.9%) and traffic accident (13.4%). In these work-related injuries, sprains and bruises were the most common type of injury (27.2%), and the most commonly injured body site was the upper and lower back (25.3%). Data from identified 1344 firefighters showed that 1264 (94.0%) were male and 80 (6.0%) were female. Age group was the highest in the 40s with 623 cases (46.4%), and job duration was the highest with 650 cases in 5–10 years (48.4%).

Conclusion

In this study, we could obtain the preliminary data necessary to establish preventive measures, including the cause of accident and region with high accident rates. However, the number of applications for compensated injuries was very small compared to the frequency of injuries found in previous studies. The lack of appropriate treatment suggested that many firefighter injuries can become chronic. In this study, we suggest that it is necessary to introduce an injury monitoring system and improve the accessibility of compensated injuries.

Trial registration

CR318031. Registered 20 June 2018.

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Hyeong-Su Park, Kuk-Kyoung Moon, Tae-Soo Ha
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Peripheral vestibular loss in noise-exposed firefighters
Hillary Anne Snapp, Lindsey Vanlooy, Brianna Kuzbyt, Courtney Kolberg, Denise Laffitte-Lopez, Suhrud Rajguru
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Hoyol Jhang, Wonjeong Jeong, Hyun-Soo Zhang, Dong-Woo Choi, Hyejung Kang, Sohee Park
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Scoping review of the occurrence and characteristics of firefighter exercise and training injuries
Noah J. Carr-Pries, Shannon C. Killip, Joy C. MacDermid
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health.2022; 95(5): 909. CrossRef
Subclinical Hearing Deficits in Noise-Exposed Firefighters
Hillary A. Snapp, Natasha Schaefer Solle, Barbara Millet, Suhrud M. Rajguru
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(17): 11028. CrossRef
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Milad Abbasi, Mohsen Falahati, Masoumeh Kaydani, Rohollah Fallah Madvari, Ahmad Mehri, Maryam Ghaljahi, Saeid Yazdanirad
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Shifted Firefighter Health Investigation by Personal Health Insurance Record in Taiwan
Wei-Ching Hsu, Chun-Hsiang Wang, Kang-Ming Chang, Li-Wei Chou
Risk Management and Healthcare Policy.2021; Volume 14: 665. CrossRef
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Yun Tae Kim, Woo Jin Kim, Jee Eun Choi, Mun-joo Bae, Heeseon Jang, Chan Joo Lee, Hye-Jeong Lee, Dong Jin Im, Byoung Seok Ye, Mi-Ji Kim, Yeoju Jeong, Sung Soo Oh, Young-Chul Jung, Eun Seok Kang, Sungha Park, Seung Koo Lee, Ki Soo Park, Sang Baek Koh, Chang
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Research Article

Comparison of work-related musculoskeletal symptoms between male cameramen and male office workers: Han-Seur Jeong, Byung-Seong Suh, Soo-Geun Kim, Won-Sool Kim, Won-Cheol Lee, Kyung-Hun Son, Min-Woo Nam; Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:28. Published online May 2, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0243-y

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Background

Previous studies have classified cameramen’s job as physiologically heavy work and identified the risk factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs) in cameramen. However, those studies limited their research subjects to cameramen. In this study, we compared the frequency and severity of WRMDs between cameramen and office workers.

Methods

A total of 293 subjects working in four broadcasting companies in Korea were recruited. A questionnaire survey was conducted for a month, starting in October 2016. The subjects were divided into cameramen and office workers according to their occupation. We compared the frequency and severity of WRMDs and ergonomic risk assessment results between the two groups.

Results

The high-risk WRMD group had a higher proportion of cameramen than office workers. Moreover, the high ergonomic risk group also had a higher proportion of cameramen than office workers for WRMDs in the upper extremities and waist+lower extremities. In the multivariable-adjusted model comparing cameramen and office workers, the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for high-risk WRMDs was 3.50 (95% CI: 1.92–7.72) for the upper extremities and 3.18 (95% CI: 1.62–6.21) for the waist and the lower extremities. The ORs by body parts were 3.11 (95% CI: 1.28–7.57) for the neck, 3.90 (95% CI: 1.79–8.47) for the shoulders, and 4.23 (95% CI: 1.04–17.18) for the legs and feet.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that cameramen are at high risk of WRMDs. Workplace improvements and management of the neck, shoulders, and lower extremities, which are susceptible to WRMDs, are necessary to prevent musculoskeletal disorders among cameramen.

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The Association Between Shoulder Pain and Disability Among Saudi Office Workers
Abdullah H Alzahrani, Bijad Alqahtani
Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Musculoskeletal symptoms and their associated risk factors among Saudi office workers: a cross-sectional study
Reem S. AlOmar, Nouf A. AlShamlan, Saad Alawashiz, Yaser Badawood, Badr A. Ghwoidi, Hassan Abugad
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

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Case Report

Work-related olfactory disorder: a case series and review: Soon Woo Park, Young Joong Kang, Huisu Eom, Hyun-Jin Cho, Jungho Ahn, Sang-Gil Lee; Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:18. Published online March 12, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0230-3

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Background

The olfactory bulb is anatomically exposed and thus can be directly damaged by external stimulation. This can occur as an occupational injury owing to contact with organic solvents or other causes. We present cases of eight patients who sustained occupation-related exposure to potentially toxic substances and later presented with signs and symptoms of anosmia. We examined the occupational and medical characteristics of the patients and evaluated their work-relatedness.

Case presentation

Case 1: A 50-year-old man performed high-frequency heat treatments for approximately 11 years. He experienced decreased senses for olfaction and taste during the later years culminating in the diagnosis of anosmia after 3 years (high work-relatedness). Case 2: A 54-year-old man whose work involved exposure to various organic solvents, such as spray painting and application of paint and thinners for approximately 4 years, was subsequently diagnosed with anosmia based on rhinorrhea, headache, and loss of olfaction (high work-relatedness). Case 3: A 44-year-old-man who performed spray painting for approximately 17 years developed anosmia (high work-relatedness). Case 4: A 44-year-old man was involved in ship engine cleaning once a month, for approximately 7 h per cleaning session; he was diagnosed with anosmia based on loss of olfaction (low work-relatedness). Case 5: A 41-year-old man worked in ship building block construction for approximately 13 years; anosmia diagnosis was based on loss of olfaction (low work-relatedness). Case 6: A 47-year-old woman performed product inspection and labeling at a plant manufacturing automobile parts; anosmia diagnosis was based on decreased olfaction and taste (low work-relatedness). Case 7: A 50-year-old woman performed epoxy coating in a plant manufacturing automobile parts; anosmia diagnosis was based on diminishing olfaction (low work-relatedness). Case 8: A 57-year-old woman performed cleaning of the area where mobile phone parts were manufactured; anosmia diagnosis was based on diminishing olfaction (low work-relatedness).

Conclusion

The study results confirmed work-relatedness when the subject was young, and the duration of exposure was long without any other cause of anosmia. Regarding compensation for occupational diseases, work-relatedness can be recognized as a relative concept.

Citations

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Predictors of Olfactory Decline in Aging: A Longitudinal Population-Based Study
Ingrid Ekström, Maria Larsson, Debora Rizzuto, Johan Fastbom, Lars Bäckman, Erika J Laukka, Anne B Newman
The Journals of Gerontology: Series A.2020; 75(12): 2441. CrossRef

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Review

Overview of occupational cancer in painters in Korea: Jun-Pyo Myong, Younmo Cho, Min Choi, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:10. Published online February 6, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0222-3

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Comprehensive consideration is necessary for setting guidelines to evaluate evidence of occupational cancer in painters due to work-related exposure to carcinogens in paint (a phenomenon termed herein as “work-relatedness”). The aim of the present research is to perform a comprehensive review and to suggest criteria for the provision of compensation for occupational neoplasm among painters in Korea. In order to perform a comprehensive review, this study assessed and evaluated scientific reports of carcinogenicities from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and the Industrial Injuries Advisory Council (IIAC), as well as reviewed the existing literature about occupational exposure among painters in Korea and the epidemiologic investigations of claimed cases of cancer among painters in Korea. The IARC declares that occupational exposures in commercial painting are classified as Group 1 carcinogens for lung cancer and bladder cancer among painters. The epidemiologic studies show consistent causal relationships between occupational exposure in painters and cancers such as lung cancer [meta relative risk: 1.34 (95% confidence intervals (CIs): 1.23-1.41)] and bladder cancer [meta relative risk: 1.24 (95% CIs: 1.16-1.33)]. In reviewing occupational cancer risks for commercial painters, the Industrial Injuries Advisory Council (IIAC) confirms occupational cancer risks for lung and bladder cancer among commercial painters. According to the IIAC, however, the elevated cancer risks reported in existing literature are not doubled in either lung or bladder cancer in commercial painters relative to the risks of these cancers in the general population. Based on our review of existing Korean articles on the topic, painters are exposed to potential carcinogens including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), benzene, hexavalent chrome, crystalized silica, asbestos, and other agents, and relative levels are estimated within commercial painting processes. However, the cancer risks of occupational exposure to Group 1 carcinogens for lung and bladder cancer in painters per se are not fully assessed in existing Korean articles. Total work duration, potential carcinogens in paint, mixed exposure to paints across various industries such as construction and shipbuilding, exposure periods, latent periods, and other factors should be considered on an individual basis in investigating the work-relatedness of certain types of cancer in commercial painters.

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İlhan Elmaci, Meric A. Altinoz, Eylem Burcu Kahraman Ozlu, Ramazan Sari, Ozlem Er, Cumhur Gokhan Ekmekci, Burcu Turkgenc, Alp Ozpinar, Emily Hacker, Aysel Ozpinar
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Christiane Brey, Dario Consonni, Leila Maria Mansano Sarquis, Fernanda Moura D’Almeida Miranda
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Christiane Brey, Dario Consonni, Leila Maria Mansano Sarquis, Fernanda Moura D’Almeida Miranda
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Efectos adversos por el uso de sustancias químicas en la salud de los trabajadores de la industria de la construcción. Artículo de revisión
Solaindy Andrea Zapata-Alvarez, Dayanis Bautista-Avila, Carla Patricia Laguna-Acosta, Pier Paolo Rojas-Valderrama, Yessica Alejandra Rincón-Rojas, Fabiola Contreras-Pacheco
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Silica and asbestos exposure at work and the risk of bladder cancer in Canadian men: a population-based case-control study
Lidija Latifovic, Paul J. Villeneuve, Marie-Élise Parent, Linda Kachuri, Shelley A. Harris
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Establishment and operation of a cooperative program to identify work-related acute myeloid leukemia in a general hospital
Jiyoun Jung, Hye-ran Choi, Byung-Sik Cho, Silvia Park, Jun-Pyo Myong, Mo-Yeol Kang, Hee-Je Kim
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2019;[Epub] CrossRef

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Research Article

Prevalence and determinants of work related injuries among small and medium scale industry workers in Bahir Dar Town, north west Ethiopia: Getnet Abebe Molla, Waju Beyene Salgedo, Yohannes Kebede Lemu; Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:12. Published online April 8, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0062-3

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Objectives

To assess the prevalence and determinants of work-related injuries among small and medium scale industrial workers in Bahir Dar town, northwest Ethiopia.

Method

Cross sectional comparative study design was used. Purposive sampling method was used to choose the specific Kebele 14 of the study area, for its relatively high number of industries. The study units were stratified into small and medium scale industries. All workers who were available at the time of interview were included in the study. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data. Data was analyzed using SPSS for windows 16.0.

Result

A total of 328 and 655 workers from small and medium-scale industries respectively participated in the study. Seven hundred sixty nine (78.2%) were males. Three hundred thirty six workers (34.2%) reported that they had experienced work-related injuries. Sex, monthly salary, age, work experience and use of personal protective equipment were found to be different in the small and medium industries (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

There was a high prevalence of work related injuries. Sociodemographic, socioeconomic, personal work behavior and the working environment have contributed for the injuries. Work-related injuries are assumed to be preventable with the provision of occupational health programs in workplaces. Thus it is recommended that the owners of industries need to focus on training and installing safer work environment and Further studies with large-scale coverage and prospective study designs are warranted.

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Occupational health and safety practices and associated factors among workers in Ethiopia’s Metehara and Wonji sugar industries: a convergent parallel mixed design
Mitiku Bonsa Debela, Negussie Deyessa, Achenef Motbainor Begosew, Muluken Azage
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Amensisa Hailu Tesfaye, Belay Desye, Garedew Tadege Engdaw
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Factors contributing to occupational injuries among workers in the construction, manufacturing, and mining industries in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Mitiku Bonsa Debela, Muluken Azage, Achenef Motbainor Begosaw, Negussie Deyessa Kabeta
Journal of Public Health Policy.2022; 43(4): 487. CrossRef
Occupational injury and associated factors among cement factories workers in central Ethiopia
Demissu Seyoum Fresenbet, Ararso Tafese Olana, Abera Shibiru Tulu, Kababa Temesgen Danusa
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Occupational Injuries and Associated Factors Among Small-Scale Woodwork Industry Workers in Hawassa, Southern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Belete Girma, Amanuel Ejeso, Zemachu Ashuro, Mekonnen Birhanie Aregu
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Economic costs and Predictors of occupation-related Injuries in Ethiopian sugar industries from the Employer’s perspective: top-down approach and friction method
Mitiku Bonsa Debela, Muluken Azage, Negussie Deyessa, Achenef Motbainor Begosaw
BMC Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence of Occupational Injury among Workers in the Construction, Manufacturing, and Mining Industries in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Mitiku Bonsa Debela, Muluken Azage, Achenef Motbainor Begosaw
Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology.2021; 10(2): 113. CrossRef
Magnitude of occupational exposure to bagasse dust and associated factors among Metehara Sugarcane Factory workers, east Shoa, Ethiopia
Mitiku Bonsa, Getachew Redae Taffere, Mulubirhan Assefa Alemayehu
Journal of Public Health.2019; 27(2): 203. CrossRef
Occupational Injury and Its Correlated Factors among Small-Scale Industry Workers in Towns of Bale Zone, Southeast Ethiopia
Nagasa Dida, Jiregna Darega, Feyisa Lemesa, Jeylan Kassim, Bedasa Woldemichael
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Prevalence and injury patterns among electronic waste workers in the informal sector in Nigeria
Chimere May Ohajinwa, Peter M van Bodegom, Martina G Vijver, Adesola O Olumide, Oladele Osibanjo, Willie J G M Peijnenburg
Injury Prevention.2018; 24(3): 185. CrossRef
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Valentina Viego, Nicolas Sagui
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Research Article

Work-related ocular events among Nigerian dental surgeons: Clement C Azodo, Ejike B Ezeja; Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:10. Published online March 20, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0060-5

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Objective

Daily clinical activities in dental operatory expose dental surgeons to varied forms of ocular events. The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence and pattern of ocular splashes and foreign bodies among dental surgeons in Nigeria.

Methods

This questionnaire-based cross-sectional of dental surgeons in Southern Nigeria was conducted between September 2010 and August 2011. The information elicited were demography, experience and type of ocular event, implicated dental procedure and action taken.

Results

Of the 185 studied, 148 of them responded. Of these 148 respondents, 56 (37.8%) reported foreign body, 18 (12.2%) splash, 33 (22.3%) both foreign body and splash while 41 (27.7%) reported no ocular event. It therefore means that the overall prevalence of ocular events among the respondents was 107 (72.3%). The prevalence of ocular events was significantly associated with age (p = 0.014), years of practice (p = 0.033) and safety eye goggle use (p = 0.023). The main dental procedures implicated in the ocular events among the respondents were scaling 77 (72.0%), tooth/cavity preparation 17 (15.9%), polishing 11 (10.3%) and forcep tooth extraction 10 (9.3%). The major implicated aetiological agents in the ocular events were calculus 74 (69.2%), saliva 29 (27.1%), mixed blood & saliva 19 (17.8%), tooth particles 15 (14.0%) and blood 9 (8.4%). The predominant action taken by the respondents was to rinse the eye under running water 89 (83.2%).

Conclusion

Ocular splash and foreign body events are high among dental surgeons in Nigeria. Age, years of practice and safety eye goggles wear were also found to be associated with ocular events. Eye safety awareness is therefore deemed a necessity for dental surgeon in Southern Nigeria.

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Research Article

Work-relatedness of lung cancer by smoking and histologic type in Korea: Young-Il Lee, Sang-Gil Lee, Dong-Mug Kang, Jong-Eun Kim, Young-Ki Kim, Jong-Han Leem, Hwan-Cheol Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26:43. Published online December 1, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-014-0043-y

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Objectives

This study investigated the distribution of causative agents related to occupational lung cancer, their relationships with work, and associations between work-relatedness and the histologic type of lung cancer.

Methods

We used data from the occupational surveillance system in Korea in 2013. In addition, data from 1,404 participants diagnosed with lung cancer were collected through interviews. We included the patients’ longest-held job in the analysis. Work-relatedness was categorized as “definite,” “probable,” “possible,” “suspicious,” “none,” or “undetermined.”

Results

Among the subjects, 69.3% were men and 30.7% were women. Regarding smoking status, current smokers were the most prevalent (35.5%), followed by non-smokers (32.3%), ex-smokers (32.2%). Regarding the causative agents of lung cancer, asbestos (1.0%) and crystalline silica (0.9%) were the most common in definite work-related cases, while non-arsenical insecticide (2.8%) was the most common in probable cases followed by diesel engine exhaust (1.9%) and asbestos (1.0%). Regarding histologic type, adenocarcinoma was the most common (41.7%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (21.2%). Among current smokers, squamous cell carcinoma was the most common among definite and probable cases (13.4%), while non-small cell lung cancer was the least common (7.1%). Among non-smokers, squamous cell carcinoma was the most common (21.4%), while the least common was adenocarcinoma (1.6%).

Conclusions

Approximately, 9.5% of all lung cancer cases in Korea are occupational-related lung cancer. Well-known substances associated with lung cancer, such as crystalline silica, asbestos, and diesel engine exhaust, are of particular concern. However, the histologic types of lung cancer related to smoking were inconsistent with previous studies when work-relatedness was taken into account. Future studies are required to clarify the incidence of occupational lung cancer in agricultural workers exposed to non-arsenical insecticides and the associations between work-relatedness and the histologic type of lung cancer.

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Research Article

Relationship between Psychosocial Risk Factors and Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders among Public Hospital Nurses in Malaysia: Nur Azma Amin, Rusli Nordin, Quek Kia Fatt, Rahim M Noah, Jennifer Oxley; Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26:23-23. Published online August 9, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-014-0023-2

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Objective

This study examined the relationships between psychosocial work factors and risk of WRMSDs among public hospital nurses in the Klang Valley, Malaysia.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study among 660 public hospital nurses. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on the occurrence of WRMSDs according to body regions, socio-demographic profiles, occupational information and psychosocial risk factors. 468 questionnaires were returned (response rate of 71%), and 376 questionnaires qualified for subsequent analysis. Univariate analyses were applied to test for mean and categorical differences across the WRMSDs; multiple logistic regression was applied to predict WRMSDs based on the Job Strain Model’s psychosocial risk factors.

Results

Over two thirds of the sample of nurses experienced discomfort or pain in at least one site of the musculoskeletal system within the last year. The neck was the most prevalent site (48.94%), followed by the feet (47.20%), the upper back (40.69%) and the lower back (35.28%). More than 50% of the nurses complained of having discomfort in region one (neck, shoulders and upperback) and region four (hips, knees, ankles, and feet). The results also revealed that psychological job demands, job strain and iso-strain ratio demonstrated statistically significant mean differences (p < 0.05) between nurses with and without WRMSDs. According to univariate logistic regression, all psychosocial risk factors illustrated significant association with the occurrence of WRMSDs in various regions of the body (OR: 1.52–2.14). Multiple logistic regression showed all psychosocial risk factors were significantly associated with WRMSDs across body regions (OR: 1.03–1.19) except for region 1 (neck, shoulders and upper back) and region 4 (hips, knees, ankles, and feet). All demographic variables except for years of employment were statistically and significantly associated with WRMSDs (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The findings indicated the high prevalence of WRMSDs in many body regions, and the risks of developing WRMSDs according to the various body regions were associated with important psychosocial risk factors based on the job strain model. These findings have implications for the management of WRMSDs among public hospital nurses in the Klang Valley, Malaysia.

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Research Article

Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Korea and Japan: A Comparative Description: Eun-A Kim, Minori Nakata; Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26:17-17. Published online June 24, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-4374-26-17

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Objectives

Work related Musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) is one of the most important problem in occupational health system of Korea and Japan, where the OHS system developed in similar socio-cultural environment. This study compared WMSD in Korea and Japan to review similarities and differences in their historical background, and development of prevention policies.

Methods

Scientific articles, government reports, and related official and non-official statistics on WMSD since the 1960s in Japan and Korea were reviewed.

Results

The historical background and basic structure of the compensation system in Korea and Japan largely overlapped. The issuing of WMSD in both countries appeared as upper limb disorder (ULD), named occupational cervicobrachial diseases (OCD) in Japan, and neck-shoulder-arm syndrome (NSA) 30 years later in Korea, following the change from an industrial structure to automated office work. Both countries developed manuals for diagnosis, guidelines for workplace management, and prevention policies. At present, compensation cases per covered insurers for WMSD are higher in Korea than in Japan, due to the social welfare system and cultural environment. Prevention policies in Korea are enforced more strongly with punitive measures than in Japan. In contrast, the Japanese system requires autonomous effort toward risk control and management, focusing on specific risky processes.

Conclusions

WMSD in Korea and Japan have a similar history of identification and compensation structure, yet different compensation proportions per covered insurer and prevention policies. Follow-up study with international cooperation is necessary to improve both systems.

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Research Article

Automation of Workplace Lifting Hazard Assessment for Musculoskeletal Injury Prevention: June T Spector, Max Lieblich, Stephen Bao, Kevin McQuade, Margaret Hughes; Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26:15-15. Published online June 24, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-4374-26-15

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Objectives

Existing methods for practically evaluating musculoskeletal exposures such as posture and repetition in workplace settings have limitations. We aimed to automate the estimation of parameters in the revised United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) lifting equation, a standard manual observational tool used to evaluate back injury risk related to lifting in workplace settings, using depth camera (Microsoft Kinect) and skeleton algorithm technology.

Methods

A large dataset (approximately 22,000 frames, derived from six subjects) of simultaneous lifting and other motions recorded in a laboratory setting using the Kinect (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington, United States) and a standard optical motion capture system (Qualysis, Qualysis Motion Capture Systems, Qualysis AB, Sweden) was assembled. Error-correction regression models were developed to improve the accuracy of NIOSH lifting equation parameters estimated from the Kinect skeleton. Kinect-Qualysis errors were modelled using gradient boosted regression trees with a Huber loss function. Models were trained on data from all but one subject and tested on the excluded subject. Finally, models were tested on three lifting trials performed by subjects not involved in the generation of the model-building dataset.

Results

Error-correction appears to produce estimates for NIOSH lifting equation parameters that are more accurate than those derived from the Microsoft Kinect algorithm alone. Our error-correction models substantially decreased the variance of parameter errors. In general, the Kinect underestimated parameters, and modelling reduced this bias, particularly for more biased estimates. Use of the raw Kinect skeleton model tended to result in falsely high safe recommended weight limits of loads, whereas error-corrected models gave more conservative, protective estimates.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that it may be possible to produce reasonable estimates of posture and temporal elements of tasks such as task frequency in an automated fashion, although these findings should be confirmed in a larger study. Further work is needed to incorporate force assessments and address workplace feasibility challenges. We anticipate that this approach could ultimately be used to perform large-scale musculoskeletal exposure assessment not only for research but also to provide real-time feedback to workers and employers during work method improvement activities and employee training.

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Review

The Relationship between the Occupational Exposure of Trichloroethylene and Kidney Cancer: Inah Kim, Jaehyeok Ha, June-Hee Lee, Kye-mook Yoo, Jaehoon Rho; Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26:12-12. Published online June 3, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-4374-26-12

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Trichloroethylene (TCE) has been widely used as a degreasing agent in many manufacturing industries. Recently, the International Agency for Research on Cancer presented “sufficient evidence” for the causal relationship between TCE and kidney cancer. The aim of this study was to review the epidemiologic evidences regarding the relationship between TCE exposure and kidney cancer in Korean work environments. The results from the cohort studies were inconsistent, but according to the meta-analysis and case–control studies, an increased risk for kidney cancer was present in the exposure group and the dose–response relationship could be identified using various measures of exposure. In Korea, TCE is a commonly used chemical for cleaning or degreasing processes by various manufacturers; average exposure levels of TCE vary widely. When occupational physicians evaluate work-relatedness kidney cancers, they must consider past exposure levels, which could be very high (>100 ppm in some cases) and associated with jobs, such as plating, cleaning, or degreasing. The exposure levels at a manual job could be higher than an automated job. The peak level of TCE could also be considered an important exposure-related variable due to the possibility of carcinogenesis associated with high TCE doses. This review could be a comprehensive reference for assessing work-related TCE exposure and kidney cancer in Korea.

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Research Article

The Relationship between Waist Circumference and Work-related Injury in Reference to the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: Sung-Kyung Kim, Ji-Min Son, Jae-Young So, Hyocher Kim, Kyungsuk Lee, Sung-Soo Oh, Sang Baek Ko; Ann Occup Environ Med 2013;25:29-29. Published online November 1, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-4374-25-29

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objective

This study aims to investigate the relationship between waist circumference and work-related injury in reference to the fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Methods

By analyzing data from the fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted from 2007 to 2009, we estimated the rate of injury experience according to socioeconomic status, including occupational property, of 8,261 subjects. We performed logistic regression analysis with work-related injury experience rate as dependent variable and waist circumference as an independent variable, Odds ratios (OR) were calculated, which reflect the likelihood of work-related injury experience rate, and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) while controlling for relevant covariates with stratifying by sex, age, nature of injury, site of injury and occupational group.

Results

Among 797 persons who had injury experience over the past 1 year, 293 persons (36.8%) had work-related injury experience. After adjusting the confounding variables, the work-related injury was related to abnormal waist circumference (OR = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.02 ~ 1.78). In subgroups, ORs were higher in men (OR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.02 ~ 1.98), professional, manager, and administrator (OR = 2.41; 95% CI: 1.10 ~ 5.28). Higher rate of injuries were noted in back and waist (OR = 2.92; 95% CI: 1.49 ~ 5.73), and transport accident had increased risk (OR = 1.60; 95% CI: 1.13 ~ 2.28).

Conclusions

Work-related injury rate differed depending on the waist circumference. The abdominal obesity was associated with higher risk of work-related injury. This study would be useful in selecting appropriate priorities for work-related injury management in Korea.

Citations

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Work–life prevalence of self-reported occupational injuries in mothers of a birth cohort
Joana Amaro, Ana Catarina Queiroga, João Amaro, Ingrid Sivesind Mehlum, Raquel Lucas
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics.2022; 28(2): 798. CrossRef

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Research Article

Association between work-related health problems and job insecurity in permanent and temporary employees: Won-Wook Lee, Jae-Bum Park, Kyoung-Bok Min, Kyung-Jong Lee, Min-Su Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2013;25:15-15. Published online September 11, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-4374-25-15

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

This research was conducted with an aim of determining the correlation between job insecurity and an employee’s work-related health problems among permanent and temporary workers.

Methods

Using the data from the First Korean Working Conditions Survey conducted in 2006, a total of 7,071 workers, excluding employers and the self-employed, were analyzed. Work-related health problems were categorized as backache, headache, abdominal pain, muscular pain, stress, fatigue, insomnia, anxiety or depression. Each problem was then analyzed for its relationship to job insecurity through logistic regression analysis.

Results

Among the 7,071 workers, 5,294 (74.9%) were permanent workers and 1,777 (25.1%) were temporary workers. For the permanent workers, presence of high or moderate job insecurity appeared more closely linked to backache, headache, abdominal pain, muscular pain, stress, fatigue, insomnia, anxiety, and depression compared to absence of job insecurity. However, for the temporary workers, only depression appeared to be associated with the presence of high job insecurity.

Conclusion

The study showed that the presence of job insecurity is correlated with work-related health problems. The deleterious effects of job insecurity appeared to be stronger in permanent than temporary workers. Additional research should investigate ways to effectively reduce job insecurity.

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Research Article

Relationship between Occupational Stress and Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Korean Male Firefighters: Min Gi Kim, Kyoo-Sang Kim, Jae-Hong Ryoo, Seung-Won Yoo; Ann Occup Environ Med 2013;25:9-9. Published online July 4, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-4374-25-9

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

A growing body of literature has documented that job stress is associated with the development of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). However, the association of WMSDs with job stress has not yet been fully studied in Korean male firefighters. The purpose of this study was to determine the status of WMSDs in almost all Korean male firefighters and to clarify the effect of job stress on the occurrence of WMSDs.

Methods

The study design was cross-sectional, and 21,466 firefighters were recruited. The study design included a structured questionnaire to assess general characteristics, the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (optional KOSS-26), Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), and WMSDs. The chi-square test, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to look for a correlation between general characteristics and job stress, and the occurrence of WMSD.

Results

Back pain is the most common WMSD. Among the job stress subgroup, physical environment, job demands, organizational system, occupational climate, lack of reward and job insecurity were related to the occurrence of WMSDs. However, insufficient job control and interpersonal conflict were not related to the occurrence of WMSDs.

Conclusion

Job stress was related to the occurrence of WMSDs in Korean male firefighters. To reduce the occurrence of WMSDs, a job stress management program may be required.

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Original Article

Influencing Factors in Approving Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Disease as Work-Related Disease of Workers' in Manufacturing Sectors: In Seok Kim, Sang Chul Ryu, Yong Hyun Kim, Young Jun Kwon; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2012;24(2):158-166. Published online June 30, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2012.24.2.158

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to analyze the factors that have been meaningful in recognizing cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases in manufacturing sector workers as work-related diseases, since amendment of Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act on July 1st, 2008, and provide information to establish an objective standard.
METHODS
We examined 359 claims of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases which were presented as occupational diseases from January 1st, to December 31th, 2010, collecting Industrial Accident Compensation data from the six Provincial Committees for work-related disease decision. We analyzed the approval rate and odds ratio of the general characteristics, past medical history and work-related information, by using univariate logistic regression. In addition, we confirmed the factors that have effects on when approving work-related diseases by using multivariate logistic regression.
RESULTS
Overall, 92 claims out of the 359 claims were recognized as worked-related diseases with an approval rate of 25.6%. Because of accidental situations such as altercation, cold environments, fire etc., only 12 cases were approved. In addition, due to short-term overwork such as outdoor work in cold environments, only 18 cases were approved. Sixty-two cases were approved for chronic overwork. On chronic overwork, the approval rate was not significantly different in univariate logistic regression in gender, age, claimed disease, survival or death, smoker or non-smoker, or associated disease. However, factory size and, average working time for last one week and average working time for last four weeks were significantly. In the multivariate logistic regression analyzed, adjusted for age and sex, we found that the factors in approving cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease as work-related disease were average working time for the last four weeks and factory size.
CONCLUSION
We concluded that there has been a great deal of subjective judgements when approving cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases to be occupational diseases. Therefore, objective criteria should be established, especially with regard to the approval of work-related cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases and working hours.

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Kapo Wong, Alan H. S. Chan, S. C. Ngan
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2019; 16(12): 2102. CrossRef
The effect of long working hours on cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease; A case‐crossover study
Kyong‐sok Shin, Yun kyung Chung, Young‐Jun Kwon, Jun‐Seok Son, Se‐hoon Lee
American Journal of Industrial Medicine.2017; 60(9): 753. CrossRef
Long Working Hours and Work-related Cerebro-cardiovascular Disease in Korea
Yun Kyung CHUNG, Young-jun KWON
Industrial Health.2013; 51(5): 552. CrossRef
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Original Article

The Relationship between Shift Work and Work-related Injuries among Korean Workers: Tae Jun Park, Do Myung Paek, Kee Ock Joh, Jung Sun Park, Sung il Cho; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2012;24(1):52-60. Published online March 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2012.24.1.52

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between shift work and work-related injuries in a representative sample of Korean workers.
METHODS
We used data from the Korean Working Condition Survey of 2006. The participants were 7,075 Korean workers 15 to 64 years of age. Logistic regression was employed to estimate the relationship between shift work and work-related injury using the SAS version 9.2 program.
RESULTS
Shift work was significantly related to work-related injuries compared to non-shift workers(OR 2.40, 95% CI=1.65~3.48). When personal and occupational risk factors were accounted for, shift work had a statistically meaningful relationship with work-related injuries compared to non-shift work(OR 1.79, 95% CI=1.20~2.66).
CONCLUSIONS
In this study, shift workers appear to have a higher risk of work-related injuries compared to non-shift workers. Work-related injuries in shift workers could be attributed to circadian rhythm disorder and sleep problems. Suitable arrangements that ensure flexible working times are needed for shift workers. Further study will be needed to identify and mitigate work-related injuries among shift workers.

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Original Article

The Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Symptoms and the Ergonomic Risk Factors among Oriental Melon-growing Farmers: Kyu Jung Bae, Kyoung Sook Lee, Yong Ku Kong, Gyung Jae Oh, Soo Jin Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(1):1-8. Published online March 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.1.1

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in oriental melon-growing farmers and to evaluate the ergonomic risk factors of melon cultivation.
METHODS
The study included 217 subjects growing oriental melons mainly in 3 villages. Subjects were interviewed by means of a structured questionnaire. Instruments used the general features and symptom table of NIOSH to evaluate tasks using ergonomic tools (REBA, OWAS).
RESULTS
A total of 202 final respondents answered. The prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms based on the NIOSH standard criteria was 162 (75.2%). The prevalence per body part for lower back, knee and shoulder were 102 (50.5%), 86 (42.6%) and 71 (35.1%), respectively. The prevalence of pain complaints of the musculoskeletal symptom was 91 (45.0%). The prevalence of complaints per body part of lower back, knee and shoulder were 54 (26.7%), 41 (20.3%) and 37 (18.3%), respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed men were at higher risk compared to women (OR=2.409, 95% CI=1.071~5.389), and ore than 30 years of work having a higher risk compared to less than 30 years of work (OR=2.445, 95% CI=1.150~5.197). High risk tasks were moving around boxes and nursery plants for planting, transplanting nursery plants, and picking melons.
CONCLUSIONS
Musculoskeletal symptoms were very highly prevalent in oriental melon-growing farmers, showing up in 75.2% of cases. They were exposed to ergonomic high risk factors such as squatting. These risk factors must be improved in some way.

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Effects of Growth and Quantity according to Form of High Bed in Cultivation of Korean Melon
Do Yeon Won, Ji Hye Choi, Chang Hyeon Baek, Na Yun Park, Min Gu Kang, Young Jin Seo
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Evaluation of the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms, presumptive diagnosis, medical care use, and sick leave among female school meal service workers
Young Hoon Moon, Young Joon Yang, Sang Yoon Do, Jae Yoon Kim, Chul Gab Lee, Hong Jae Chae, Soo Hyeon Kim, Han Soo Song
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Analysis of Working Posture for Construction Workers Using OWAS Method
Ran-i Eom, Yejin Lee
Fashion & Textile Research Journal.2018; 20(6): 704. CrossRef
Workers’ experiences with compensated sick leave due to musculoskeletal disorder: a qualitative study
Min Choi, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, Jinwoo Lee, Hye-Eun Lee, Junsu Byun, Jong Uk Won
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2014;[Epub] CrossRef
Development of Oriental Melon Harvesting Robot in Greenhouse Cultivation
Yu Shin Ha, Tae Wook Kim
Protected horticulture and Plant Factory.2014; 23(2): 123. CrossRef
Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders among Agricultural Workers
Soo-Jin Lee, Hwan-Jin Park
Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea.2011; 30(4): 525. CrossRef

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Original Article

Current Status of Sickness Absences and Early Leaves from Work among Workers with Work-related Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Each Body Part, and Relevant Factors: Dong Hoon Lee, Shin Goo Park, Jong Han Leem, Hwan Cheol Kim, Dong Hyun Kim, Jeong Hoon Kim, Seung Jun Lee, Gee Woong Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2010;22(4):364-370. Published online December 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2010.22.4.364

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to identify current status of sickness absence and early leaves from work as a result of work-related musculoskeletal symptoms.
METHOD
From January to December in 2007, 4,975 workers were recruited into this study and surveyed over this time period; workers came from 116 small and medium sized companies in Incheon. Among the study populations, only those who met the NIOSH criteria for work-related musculoskeletal symptoms on each symptom locations were included in the final analysis. The survey used a structured self-administered questionnaire, which asked questions about musculoskeletal symptoms regarding locations, sickness absences and early leaves from work. Other information gathered from participants included sociodemographical characteristics, and work-related characteristics.
RESULTS
The rates of sickness absences and early leaves in each symptom locations were highest (14.9%) among workers with waist symptoms. Men had higher rates of sickness absences and early leaves form work than women; manufacturing workers had higher rates of sickness absences and early leaves form work than office workers. After confounding variables that had significant difference in univariate analysis on each symptom locations were adjusted, the odds ratios for sickness absence and early leaves divided by pain intensity were 4.361(neck), 4.140(shoulder), 3.151(arm/wrist), 3.085(leg/foot), and 2.731(waist), respectively; these differences were statistically significant.
CONCLUSIONS
The rates of sickness absence and early leaves in each work-related musculoskeletal symptom locations were highest among workers with waist symptoms, and the intensity of pain was identified to have a considerable effect on the rates of sickness absences and early leaves. Based on these results, we think that there are needs to be early interventions on workers with waist symptoms.

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A study on Related Factor and Knowledge of Back Pain in Workers Employed at Cement factory
Gi-Yeol Kim, Jung-Lim Oh, Kyoung-Ok Hwang
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(1): 536. CrossRef
Study of the relationship between fire fighter's musculoskeletal disorder related observable symptoms and their absence from disease and accident
Seo-Yeon Choi, Il-Gyu Park, Dong-Ho Rie
Journal of the Korea Safety Management and Science.2013; 15(4): 89. CrossRef

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Case Report

A Case of Primary Osteoarthritis of Both Elbow Joints in a Worker Using Sledge-hammers: Kyeong Yeon Kim, Kyung Han Kim, Jung Wan Koo, Yong Kyu Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2010;22(1):77-84. Published online March 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2010.22.1.77

Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
The incidence of primary osteoarthritis of elbow is very low in individuals without work-related risk factors, and primary osteoarthritis of the elbow is rarely symptomatic. Because it is difficult to prove these conditions are work-related, the patients with work-related elbow osteoarthritis don't tend to be compensated in Korea.
CASE
REPORT: The patient was a 51-year old male, with an occupational history as a sledgehammer user for 23 years. He has been complaining of pain for 3 years. Physical examination of the elbow showed painful end-range motion and the radiographs showed osteophytes and, loose bodies, but relatively-preserved joint spaces, which were typical characteristic of primary osteoarthritis.
CONCLUSION
The authors report on a case of primary osteoarthritis of both elbows that was associated with repetitive high shear force due to long-term use of the sledgehammer.

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Original Article

Patient Satisfaction in Workers' Compensation Medical Care: Hwa Pyung Lee, Hyoung June Im, Young Su Ju, Young Jun Kwon, Hee Tae Kang, Jeong Min Kim, Sung Sik Cho, Tae Kyung Lee, Jongwan Yoon; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2007;19(3):204-214. Published online September 30, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2007.19.3.204

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the patient satisfaction and its influencing factors after medical care for workrelated injuries.
METHODS
A self-reported questionnaire was mailed to 921 workers who had experienced workers' compensation medical care. The data from 335 respondents (response rate was 36.4%) were merged and analysed with the data from the Korea Labor Welfare Corporation (KLWC) which contain other general information of the respondents.
RESULTS
Dissatisfaction with their medical care was reported by 17.3% of the respondents. Overall patient satisfaction (OPS) was highly correlated with the medical treatment process such as hospital facility, medical therapy, surgical therapy, doctor's explanation and physical therapy. However, OPS was negatively influenced by three factors: 1) unsatisfactory hospital care during waiting period before the approval of workers' compensation, 2) forced end of the hospital care by the workers' compensation, and 3) end of the hospital care with no further improvement.
CONCLUSIONS
To improve the satisfaction of patients with work-related injuries, both the practice of medical treatment and also the administrative process of workers' compensation must be reformed. These reforms are needed to improve the quality of workers' compensation medical care and prevent abnormal illness behavior such as inappropriate treatment seeking.

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Workers’ experiences with compensated sick leave due to musculoskeletal disorder: a qualitative study
Min Choi, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, Jinwoo Lee, Hye-Eun Lee, Junsu Byun, Jong Uk Won
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2014;[Epub] CrossRef
A Study on Contributing Factors of Industrially Injured Patients' Satisfaction
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Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2011; 20(3): 319. CrossRef

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Original Article

Relationship Between Self-reported Symptoms of Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders and Health Related Quality of Life: Jin Wook Bahk, Sangchul Roh; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2007;19(2):156-163. Published online June 30, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2007.19.2.156

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
To explore the relationship between symptoms of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) and health-related, quality of life (QoL).
METHODS
WMSDs symptoms were measured by a self-assessed questionnaire on musculoskeletal disorders symptoms and health-related QoL was measured by SF-36. Analysis of variance and logistic regression were used to analyze the relationship between WMSDs and health-related QoL.
RESULTS
The prevalence of WMSDs was 64.6% in the upper limbs, 44.0% in the low back, and 39.6% in the lower limbs. Subjects with musculoskeletal symptoms had significantly lower scores on all SF-36 dimensions than those without symptoms among all body parts. Compared with the control, the case's odds ratio was higher in all SF-36 dimensions, especially for physical functioning.
CONCLUSIONS
WMSDs have a negative effect on health-related QoL. The essential prevention of WMSDs requires intervention for health promotion in manufacturing workers.

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