Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Case Report

Case report of renal cell carcinoma in automobile manufacturing factory worker due to trichloroethylene exposure in Korea: June-Hee Lee, Inah Kim, Hongdeok Seok, Inhyo Park, Jungho Hwang, Jae-Oh Park, Jong-Uk Won, Jaehoon Roh; Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:19. Published online August 3, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0068-x

Background

The aim of this paper was report first case of renal cell carcinoma developed in a worker who worked in an automobile manufacture line which handles trichloroethylene in Korea.

Case presentation

To clarify the relationship between the onset of renal cell carcinoma in 52-years old male worker and the exposure to trichloroethylene, document studies and work environment measurement were done. Past work environment exposure data were reviewed and medical history and surgery records of the worker were also reviewed. The patient had no personal risk factor related to renal cell carcinoma except for his smoking habit of quarter a pack per day for twenty years, and since trichloroethylene was not part of measurement criteria, past work environment risk assessment data could not verify the exposure. The exposure level is deduced by analyzing material exposure level of work environments which has similar processes in data from revised research of chemical exposure standard and work environment validity assessment. Evaluation Committee of Epidemiologic Survey decided that there are relevant relationship between the exposure and the disease, though we do not have exact data during that period, most experts agree that in every factories they used trichloroethylene without any direction.

Conclusions

From the relevant medical history and the results of the usage of trichloroethylene in the relevant industries, and initial discovery of renal cell carcinoma at health inspection sonogram in 2001, it can be concluded that suggests significant causal relationship between the exposure to trichloroethylene and renal cell carcinoma onset, thus reporting it to be the first domestic case declared to be occupational disease.

Citations

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Effect of drainage layer on pressure drop of dual-layer glass fibrous coalescing filters
Chengwei Xu, Yan Yu, Xiaodong Si
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering.2022; 39(9): 2474. CrossRef
Association Between Kidney Cancer and Occupational Exposure to Trichloroethylene
Morten Buhagen, Anna Grønskag, Siri Fenstad Ragde, Bjørn Hilt
Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine.2016; 58(9): 957. CrossRef

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Review

The Relationship between the Occupational Exposure of Trichloroethylene and Kidney Cancer: Inah Kim, Jaehyeok Ha, June-Hee Lee, Kye-mook Yoo, Jaehoon Rho; Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26:12-12. Published online June 3, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-4374-26-12

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Trichloroethylene (TCE) has been widely used as a degreasing agent in many manufacturing industries. Recently, the International Agency for Research on Cancer presented “sufficient evidence” for the causal relationship between TCE and kidney cancer. The aim of this study was to review the epidemiologic evidences regarding the relationship between TCE exposure and kidney cancer in Korean work environments. The results from the cohort studies were inconsistent, but according to the meta-analysis and case–control studies, an increased risk for kidney cancer was present in the exposure group and the dose–response relationship could be identified using various measures of exposure. In Korea, TCE is a commonly used chemical for cleaning or degreasing processes by various manufacturers; average exposure levels of TCE vary widely. When occupational physicians evaluate work-relatedness kidney cancers, they must consider past exposure levels, which could be very high (>100 ppm in some cases) and associated with jobs, such as plating, cleaning, or degreasing. The exposure levels at a manual job could be higher than an automated job. The peak level of TCE could also be considered an important exposure-related variable due to the possibility of carcinogenesis associated with high TCE doses. This review could be a comprehensive reference for assessing work-related TCE exposure and kidney cancer in Korea.

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Application of multiple occupational health risk assessment models in occupation health risk prediction of trichloroethylene in the electroplating and electronics industries
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International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics.2023; 29(1): 70. CrossRef
Time-concentration-dependent profile of histone modifications on human hepatocytes treated by trichloroacetic acid
Xinyue Peng, Susu Yu, Hui Lin, Fan Wu, Jiani Yang, Cheng Zhou, Luyun Zhang, Jianping Yang, Wenjuan Zhang
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Intracellular complement activation in podocytes aggravates immune kidney injury in trichloroethylene-sensitized mice
Xiaodong Yang, Wei Jiang, Meng Huang, Yuying Dai, Bodong Li, Xian Wang, Yun Yu, Tong Shen, Changhao Wu, Qixing Zhu
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DNA methyltransferase expression and DNA hypomethylation status in human hepatocytes following trichloroacetic acid exposure
Caiyun Lai, Jianji Gao, Zhiliang Zhu, Jianhui Yuan, Wenjuan Zhang, Jianping Yang
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Disruption of F-Actin Polymerization, and Transcriptomic Alterations in Zebrafish Larvae Exposed to Trichloroethylene
Sara E. Wirbisky, Nur P. Damayanti, Cecon T. Mahapatra, Maria S. Sepúlveda, Joseph Irudayaraj, Jennifer L. Freeman
Chemical Research in Toxicology.2016; 29(2): 169. CrossRef
Trichloroethylene-Induced DNA Methylation Changes in Male F344 Rat Liver
Yan Jiang, Jiahong Chen, Cong Yue, Hang Zhang, Tao Chen
Chemical Research in Toxicology.2016; 29(10): 1773. CrossRef
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Morten Buhagen, Anna Grønskag, Siri Fenstad Ragde, Bjørn Hilt
Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine.2016; 58(9): 957. CrossRef
Case report of renal cell carcinoma in automobile manufacturing factory worker due to trichloroethylene exposure in Korea
June-Hee Lee, Inah Kim, Hongdeok Seok, Inhyo Park, Jungho Hwang, Jae-Oh Park, Jong-Uk Won, Jaehoon Roh
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2015;[Epub] CrossRef

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Case Report

Exposure Level of Trichloroethylene in Stevens-Johnson Syndrome Due to Occupational Exposure: 3 Case Reports and a Review of Other Cases: Sun Wung Lee, Eun A Kim, Dae Sung Kim, Dong hee Koh, Seong Kyu Kang, Byung Kyu Kim, Min Ki Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2008;20(2):132-146. Published online June 30, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2008.20.2.132

Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Trichloroethylene (TCE) has been reported to be related to severe generalized exfoliative dermatitis frequently accompanied by toxic hepatitis. The measurements of environmental exposure were limited in the previous case reports and the reported exposure values were also diverse. We reviewed three cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome associated with TCE. The work environment was measured by the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA) after the cases occurred. From the study results, we intended to clarify the relationship between TCE exposure level and Stevens- Johnson syndrome.
CASE
REPORT: Case 1. A 24-year-old Filipino female worker developed a skin rash 35 days after starting to use TCE for degreasing. The skin rash developed into a bullous eruption and the liver function findings were abnormal. She was diagnosed with Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic hepatitis. She died of hepatic failure 39 days after the onset of the first symptom. She had no previous history of taking medicine or viral infection. The work environment measured 22.0 to 32.3 ppm (personal exposure level) with TWA. Case 2. A 47-year-old Korean male worker developed a skin rash, 20 days after starting to use TCE for degreasing. The skin rash developed into a bullous eruption and the liver function findings were abnormal. He was diagnosed with Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic hepatitis and sepsis. He died of hepatic failure and sepsis 42 days after the onset of the first symptom. He had no previous history of taking medicine or viral infection. The work environment measured 30.1 ppm (personal exposure level) and 116.5~229.7 ppm (area exposure level close to the degreasing machine) with TWA. Case 3. A 22-yearold Vietnamese female worker developed a skin rash 30 days after starting to use TCE for degreasing. The skin rash developed into a bullous eruption and the liver function findings were abnormal. She was diagnosed with Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic hepatitis. Her symptoms improved and she was discharged 37 days after the onset of the first symptom. She had no previous history of taking medicine or viral infection. The work environment measured 107.2 ppm (personal exposure level) with TWA.
DISCUSSION
These three case reports and the previously reported cases indicated that the majority of people susceptible to TCE develops Stevens-Johnson syndrome after high-level TCE exposure (above the TWA occupational exposure limit of 50 ppm). Therefore, work environmental survey and improvements to the TCE degreasing process are essential to prevent high exposure. Furthermore, considering the consistency of the latency period in symptoms and the possibility of sensitization in low-level exposure, we recommend that the first specific health examination also should be conducted 1 month after workers have commenced working.

Citations

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Occupational Inhalation Health Risk Assessment of TCE Exposure in the Korean Manufacturing Industry
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Trichloroethylene Hypersensitivity Syndrome: Should Be Considered When Diagnosing DRESS Syndrome
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Journal of Korean Medical Science.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Acute Occupational Poisoning in Korea
Hyunjoo Kim, Jia Ryu
The Ewha Medical Journal.2016; 39(4): 99. CrossRef
Late-onset trichloroethylene-induced hypersensitivity syndrome after intermittent exposure to low-dose trichloroethylene
Seung Yun Lee, Se Hwan Oh, Hyuck Jae Choi, Woo Young Choi, Jee Young Han, Hong-Lyeol Lee, Cheol-Woo Kim
Allergy, Asthma & Respiratory Disease.2016; 4(2): 145. CrossRef
Compensation for Work-Related Hematologic, Liver, and Infectious Diseases
Jung-Won Kim, Dong-Mug Kang
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2014; 29(Suppl): S66. CrossRef
Occupational Hepatic Disorders in Korea
Hyoung Ryoul Kim, Tae Woo Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S36. CrossRef
Extensive changes to occupational exposure limits in Korea
Jee Yeon Jeong, Sangjun Choi, Young Lim Kho, Pan Gyi Kim
Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology.2010; 58(2): 345. CrossRef
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Seong-Kyu Kang, Eun A Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S4. CrossRef
Current status of liver diseases in Korea: Toxic and alcoholic liver diseases
Kyung-Ah Kim
The Korean Journal of Hepatology.2009; 15(Suppl 6): S29. CrossRef

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Case Report

A Case of Trichloroethylene Intoxication with Neuropsychiatric Symptoms: Ja Hyun Kim, Seong Jin Ryu, Byoung Gwon Kim, Hyung Joon Jhun, Jong Tae Park, Hae Joon Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2008;20(1):54-61. Published online March 31, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2008.20.1.54

Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Trichloroethylene (TCE) has been widely used as a typewriter correction fluid, paint remover, adhesive, spot removers and, particularly, as a degreasing agent in metal-fabricating operation. However, few studies have reported on the effects of TCE intoxication, in spite of numerous occupational accidents arising from TCE intoxication, even until quite recently used in small companies. TCE affects mainly the central nervous system (CNS) and is carcinogenic, even when carefully used and managed.
CASE
REPORT: A 48-year-old male worker visited our hospital complaining of decreased motivation and general weakness. In history taking, the patient had suffered insomnia, memory disturbance, stuttering, loss of interest and sexual desire, depressive mood for 4 years, dysesthesia with tingling sensation and pain in both extremities, and a nauseas feeling similar to a hangover which had been aggravated for 4 months before admission. The patient had been engaged in metal degreasing with TCE for 8 years. Electromyography indicated disturbance of autonomic function, but there was neither peripheral neuropathy nor cervical radiculopathy. Organic abnormalities including cerebellar atrophy and CNS infection were ruled out, while there was no indication of malignancy in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and metabolic disorders and electrolyte imbalances in laboratory test. The authors performed biological monitoring for the possible exposed chemicals. Urinary 2,5-hexanedione, a metabolite of n-hexane, was undetected but 3,331.1 mg/g creatinine of urinary trichloro-compounds, a metabolite of TCE, was detected. The patient was diagnosed as TCE intoxication due to a level of urinary trichloro-compounds in excess of the normal range (300 mg/g creatinine), in addition to an occupational history and clinical symptoms. TCE exposure was stopped in admission and the neuropsychiatric symptoms of the patient were improved as the urinary trichloro-compounds were decreased from 3,331.1 mg/g creatinine to 64.6 mg/g creatinine in 5 days.
CONCLUSION
Low-dose, chronic TCE intoxication shows neuropsychiatric symptoms, which are often misrecognized merely as a psychiatric disorder; its appropriate diagnosis, early treatment and exposure assessment are therefore difficult. The neuropsychiatric symptoms in workers who have been exposed to TCE should be monitored, detailed job history should be taken and biological monitoring should be conducted to gain early insight of chronic TCE exposure.

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Occupational Psychiatric Disorders in Korea
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Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S87. CrossRef
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Case Report

Exfoliative Dermatitis and Toxic Hepatitis Associated with Occupational Exposure to Trichloroethylene: Hong Jae Chae, Seong Kwan Lee, Kang Jin Lee, Jong Youl Kim, Seung Chul Lee, Dong Hyeon Shin, Jai Dong Moon; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2003;15(1):111-117. Published online March 31, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2003.15.1.111

Abstract PDF

A 28-year-old male began working as a degreaser. The solvent used in the degreasing operation was trichloroethylene. Over the next month the man experienced fever, chills, and an erythematous skin rash and itching. At that time he had a marked elevation in his liver enzyme, with cholestasis. Over the next few days the rash persisted then peeled. There was an elevation of Ig E, and a positive patch test reaction to trichloroethylene. His dermatitis and hepatitis were considered to be mediated by a hypersensitivity mechanism.

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Young Joong Kang, Jihye Lee, Jungho Ahn, Soonwoo Park, Mu Young Shin, Hye Won Lee
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Late-onset trichloroethylene-induced hypersensitivity syndrome after intermittent exposure to low-dose trichloroethylene
Seung Yun Lee, Se Hwan Oh, Hyuck Jae Choi, Woo Young Choi, Jee Young Han, Hong-Lyeol Lee, Cheol-Woo Kim
Allergy, Asthma & Respiratory Disease.2016; 4(2): 145. CrossRef
Follow-up assessment of two cases of trichloroethylene hypersensitivity syndrome: A case report
Yong-Shun Huang, Han-Lin Huang, Qi-Feng Wu, Li-Hua Xia, Ming Huang, Xin-Xiang Qiu, Shan-Yu Zhou
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Trichloroethylene Hypersensitivity Syndrome Is Potentially Mediated through Its Metabolite Chloral Hydrate
Yongshun Huang, Lihua Xia, Qifeng Wu, Zifang Zeng, Zhenlie Huang, Shanyu Zhou, Jiachun Jin, Hanlin Huang, Edda Fiebiger
PLOS ONE.2015; 10(5): e0127101. CrossRef
Severe acute hepatitis in a printing company worker: A case study
Shoji Kubo, Koichi Matsuzaki, Toshihito Seki, Masahiko Ohsawa, Shinji Kumagai, Ginji Endo
Journal of Occupational Health.2015; 57(1): 87. CrossRef
Trichloroethylene Hypersensitivity Syndrome: A Disease of Fatal Outcome
Hyun Gul Jung, Hyung Hun Kim, Bong Gun Song, Eun Jin Kim
Yonsei Medical Journal.2012; 53(1): 231. CrossRef
Hypersensitivity syndrome due to trichloroethylene exposure: A severe generalized skin reaction resembling drug‐induced hypersensitivity syndrome
Hideaki WATANABE
The Journal of Dermatology.2011; 38(3): 229. CrossRef
Occupational Skin Diseases in Korea
Yeon-Soon Ahn, Min-Gi Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S46. CrossRef
Occupational Hepatic Disorders in Korea
Hyoung Ryoul Kim, Tae Woo Kim
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Occupational trichloroethylene exposure as a cause of idiosyncratic generalized skin disorders and accompanying hepatitis similar to drug hypersensitivities
Michihiro Kamijima, Naomi Hisanaga, Hailan Wang, Tamie Nakajima
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health.2007; 80(5): 357. CrossRef

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Original Article

The Effects of Diethyldithiocarbamate on the Metabolism and Hepatotoxicity of Trichloroethylene: Byung Sun Choi, Jung Duck Park, Yeon Pyo Hong; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2002;14(3):257-269. Published online September 30, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2002.14.3.257

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the trichloroethylene (TCE) metabolism, acute toxicity, and the effects of diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) on the acute toxicity in TCE-intoxicated rats.
METHODS
TCE was administered orally at doses of 600, 1,200 and 2,400 mg/kg of body weight following pretreatment with either saline or 500 mg/kg of DDTC. 12 hours after administration of TCE, the concentrations of TCE, trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and trichloroethanol (TCEOH) in the blood and solid organs, and the histopathological changes in each organ were examined.
RESULTS
The level of CYP2E1 markedly decreased in the DDTC-pretreated groups. The CYP2E1 content in the TCE-treated rats increased in a dose-dependent manner. The concentrations of TCE and TCEOH were highest in the liver, and the level of TCA was highest in the blood. The DDTC-pretreated rats had a markedly increased level of TCE and decreased levels of TCA and TCEOH, than the rats pretreated with saline. These findings indicated that CYP2E1 was important in the metabolism of TCE. From the histopathological findings, centrilobular necrosis was observed in the livers of the TCE-treated rats, but no significant change was found in those rats pretreated with DDTC.
CONCLUSIONS
DDTC is considered to be effective in protecting TCE-induced hepatic damage because it inhibits the TCE metabolism.

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Hyun-Sul Lim, Wonho Yang, Geun-Bae Kim, Young-Sung Cho, Young-Sun Min, Kwan Lee, Duk Hee Lee, Young-Su Ju, Sunshin Kim, Jung Heo, Dayoung Jung
Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.2016; 26(1): 11. CrossRef
Case report of renal cell carcinoma in automobile manufacturing factory worker due to trichloroethylene exposure in Korea
June-Hee Lee, Inah Kim, Hongdeok Seok, Inhyo Park, Jungho Hwang, Jae-Oh Park, Jong-Uk Won, Jaehoon Roh
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2015;[Epub] CrossRef

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Original Article

Effects of Stem Cell and Myeloperoxidase on Sister Chromatid Exchanges and Micronuclei Induction of Peripheral Lymphocytes by Styrene, Hydroquinone and Trichloroethylene: Kyung Jae Lee, Hyoung Ah Kim, Min Jung Shin, Jae Hyug Sung, Chung Yill Park, Hoon Han, Se Hoon Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2001;13(3):315-324. Published online September 30, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2001.13.3.315

Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
The objective of this study was to identify the possible role of stem cell and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the metabolic activation of styrene, hydroquinone and trichloroethylene, by investigating the effects of stem cell from umbilical cord blood and MPO on the frequency of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and micronuclei (MN) induction in cultured human peripheral lymphocytes exposed to these chemicals.
METHODS
Isolated lymphocytes from whole blood were cultured for 72 hours. The cells were treated with 1.50 mM styrene, 50 microM hydroquinone and 1.50 mM trichloroethylene dissolved with acetone (30 microl in total volume) at 24 hours after the beginning of culture. Control group was treated with acetone only. Immediately after adding these chemicals, 1.3X1 06 cells/ml and 2.6X1 06 cells/ml stem cell or 1.0 and 2.0 unit MPO with H2O2 (for substrate) were added to the cultures. Slides were stained with Giemsa's solution, and acridine orange for sister chromatid exchange, and for micronucleus analysis, respectively.
RESULTS
The results were as follows: 1) Myeloperoxidase and stem cell did not significantly affect the frequencies of SCE or MN in the control group. 2) The frequency of SCE or MN with exposure to styrene did not different from control in the absence of stem cell or MPO. Sister chromatid exchange induced by styrene was significantly increased by adding stem cell or MPO in dose-dependent relationship. The frequency of MN induced by styrene significantly increased in the presence of 2.0 unit MPO. 3) The frequency of SCE was significantly increased with exposure to hydroquinone than acetone treated control in the absence of stem cell or MPO. Sister chromatid exchange induction by hydroquinone significantly increased dose-dependently in the presence of stem cell or MPO. There was a tendency of increase of the MN frequency induced by hydroquinone in the presence of stem cell or MPO, but not significant. 4) It was found that trichloroethylene itself did not increase SCE or MN frequency. Frequency of SCE induced by trichloroethylene was significantly increased with adding stem cell (low and high) and 2.0 unit MPO. Even though stem cell or MPO increased the frequency of MN of lymphocyte exposed to trichloroethylene, the difference was not significant.
CONCLUSIONS
Authors found that the frequencies of both sister chromatid exchange and micronucleus induced by styrene, hydroquinone, and trichloroethylene were increased significantly with the treatment of stem cell or myeloperoxidase. It was suggested that myeloperoxidase may therefore play an important role in the metabolic activation of styrene, hydroquinone, and trichloroethylene and myeloperoxidase probably be involved in the myelotoxicity of these chemicals.

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Original Article

Effects of Toluene, Xylene and Trichloroethylene on the Regulation of GnRH, GnRH Receptor and Pit-1 Gene Expression in Male Rat Hypothalamus and Pituitary: Dae Hwan Kim, Hun Lee, Chae Kwan Lee, Dae Sung Kang, Jung Ho Kim, Jong Tae Lee, Jin Ho Chun, Chae Un Lee, No Suk Ki; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998;10(2):267-281. Published online May 31, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1998.10.2.267

Abstract PDF: The workplace exposure of chemicals has steadily increased, therefore the concern for subsequent effect on reproductive outcome has been an important issue in occupational medicine. In previous studies, higher rates of spontaneous abortion, reduced fertility and menstrual disorder among women, and an impairment of sperm quantity and quality among men have been associated with a wide variety of chemical agents. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of toluene, xylene and trichloroethylene (TCE) injection on the mRNA levels of GnRH, GnRH receptor and Pit-1 genes in male rats hypothalamus and pituitary and the effects on the plasma levels of FSH, LH, prolactin and testosterone. Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into five groups of five each according to concentration of toluene, xylene and TCE. The rats were injected subcutaneously to 0, 50, 100, 200, 400 mg/kg body weight/day of toluene, xylene and TCE, respectively for 6 days. Rat brains were excised and hypothalamus and pituitary were separated. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and RNase protection assay (RPA) were used to evaluate the GnRH, GnRH receptor and Pit-1 mRNA levels. Plasma concentrations of FSH, LH, prolactin and testosterone were assayed by radioimulunoassay (RIA). The results were as follows; 1. GnRH, GnRH receptor and Pit-1 mRNA levels in toluene and xylene injected groups, and GnRH receptor mRNA levels in TCE injected group were lowered dose-dependently. Especially, GnRH receptor and Pit-1 mRNA levels in 200 mg/kg of toluene injected group, and GnRH, GnRH receptor and Pit-1 mRNA levels in 400 mg/kg of toluene injected group were significantly lowed than control group (p<0.05). GnRH receptor and Pit-1 mRNA levels in 400 mg/kg of xylene injected group, and GnRH receptor mRNA levels in 400 mg/kg of TCE injected group were significantly lower than control group (p<0.05). 2. The plasma levels of prolactin and testosterone in 400 mg/kg of toluene injected group, and LH in 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of xylene injected group, and testosterone in 400 mg/kg of TCE injected group were significantly lower than control group (p<0.05). In conclusion, we speculated that toluene and xylene affected reproductive system secondarily through hypothalamus-pituitary axis, and TCE affected directly through steroidogenesis. And we recomended that further study for assessment of the reproductive toxiclty of mixed organic solvent exposures should be conducted.

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Original Article

Brain Stem Auditory Evoked Potential and R-R interval Analysis of the Workers Exposed to Trichloroethylene: Seong Kyu Kang, Young Sook Cho, Young Hahn Moon; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1995;7(1):111-119. Published online February 28, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1995.7.1.111

Abstract PDF

In order to evaluate the effects of trichloroethylene (TCE) on the central and autonomic nervous system, the brain stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) and the electrocardiographic R-R interval variability (CV(rr)) were measured in three groups of workers (11) working in TCE degreasing process, workers (4) exposed to lead and two groups of workers (12) not exposed to any kinds of neurotoxicants. Two components of the CVrr reflecting parasympathetic activity (C-CV(rsa)) and sympathetic and parasympathetic activities (CCV(mwsa)) were examined. The TCE workers were exposed to TCE at the level of less than 1 hour per week while the degreasing material was changed. There were no differences in the latencies of BAEPS and CV(rr) and the components of the CV(rr) between control and TCE and lead groups. However, two lead workers had the blood lead level of less than 60 g/dl recommended as present biological guideline by the Ministry of Labor, showed the delayed latencies of V5 and I-V in BAEP. This results suggested that intermittent TCE erposure didn't affect the auditory nervous pathway and the autonomic nervous system, however, lead exposure might affect the central nervous system at the level of less than 60 g/dl in blood lead.

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The Relationship between the Occupational Exposure of Trichloroethylene and Kidney Cancer
Inah Kim, Jaehyeok Ha, June-Hee Lee, Kye-mook Yoo, Jaehoon Rho
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2014;[Epub] CrossRef

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Original Article

Studies on Activities of Xenobiotic Metabolic Enzymes in Rats treated with Trichloroethylene: Ki Woong Kim, Seong Kyu Kang, Byung Soon Choi, Jong Seong Lee, Jong Sung Kim, Young Hahn Moon; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1994;6(2):323-331. Published online September 30, 1994; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1994.6.2.323

Abstract PDF: Trichloroethylene (TRI) is one of the most widely used organic solvent in many industries. It is used a degreasing agent, extract and dillution solvents. TRI is metabolized by liver microsomal cytochrome P4SO to reactive intermediates, which are considered responsible for its hepatotoxicity. Cytochrome P450 is a key enzyme in the first step of TRI metabolism resulting in chloral hydrate (CH) formation, which is a rate-limiting step in TRI metabolism. This study was perfomed to find out the change of hepatic cytochrome P450 levels and of electron transport system for P-450 dependent reaction. Intraperitoneal injections of TRI were done to the male Sprague Dawley rats(mean body wights,170+/-10g) in corn oil at the dosage of 150,300,600 mg/kg for 2 days. The results of experiments are following : 1. The contents of microsomal protein, cytochrome P450 and b(5) are tended to be decreased with increasing amount of TRI, but not significantly (p>0.05) . 2. The activity of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase is slowly decreased by increasing amount of TRI, but not slgnificantly (p>0.05) . On the other hand, the activity of NADH-b(5) reductase is increased with increasing amount of TRI (p<0.05) 3. The activity of 7-ethoxyresolufin 0-deethylase did not show any critical changes (P>0.05) . This result suggests that the inductive pattern of TRI may not be related to P 450IAl and P450IIB.

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