Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Research Articles

Validation of the Work Engagement Scale-3, used in the 5th Korean Working Conditions Survey: Maro Choi, Chunhui Suh, Seong Pil Choi, Chae Kwan Lee, Byung Chul Son; Ann Occup Environ Med 2020;32:e27. Published online July 16, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e27

Background

The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the 3-item version of the Work Engagement Scale (WES-3), which is based on the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model and was used in the 5^th Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS).

Methods

This study used data from the 5th KWCS (n = 50,205), which was conducted in 2017 with a sample of the Korean working population. The survey gathered comprehensive information on working conditions to define workforce changes and the quality of work and life. The reliability and internal consistency of the WES-3 were assessed using the corrected item-total correlation and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test the construct validity of work engagement. The convergent validity was assessed using the correlation with the WHO-5 well-being index. Correlations between work engagement and JD-R factors were also calculated.

Results

The Cronbach's alpha for work engagement was 0.776, indicating acceptable internal consistency. The model comprising 3 work engagement and 2 burnout items showed an excellent fit (χ²: 382.05, Tucker-Lewis index: 0.984, comparative fit index: 0.994, root mean square error of approximation: 0.043). The convergent validity was significant (correlation coefficient: 0.42). Correlations with burnout and job demands were negligible, whereas correlations with job resources and job satisfaction were weakly positive.

Conclusions

The results of our study confirm that the WES-3 has acceptable reliability and validity.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Association between constant connectivity to work during leisure time and insomnia: does work engagement matter?
Seong-Uk Baek, Jin-Ha Yoon, Jong-Uk Won
Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology.2024; 59(4): 657. CrossRef
Revisitando la Medición del Engagement en el Trabajo: Análisis de las Propiedades Psicométricas del UWES-3
Clara González-Seda, Ramón Rodríguez-Montalbán, Miguel E. Martínez-Lugo
Revista Caribeña de Psicología.2024; : e7843. CrossRef
TÜKETİCİLERİN DOĞAL BAL ALGISI VE SATINALMA DAVRANIŞLARINI ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Fatih Bilici
Uludağ Arıcılık Dergisi.2024; 24(1): 93. CrossRef
Linking job crafting to work engagement: the mediating role of organizational happiness
Mohammed Yasin Ghadi
Management Research Review.2024; 47(6): 943. CrossRef
The association of job training duration and risk of depression among wage workers: an analysis of the mediating factors
Dong Geon Kim, Dong Kyu Kim, Kiook Baek
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Leadership styles as predictors of employee engagement at a selected tertiary institution
Genevieve Southgate, John K. Aderibigbe, Tolulope V. Balogun, Bright Mahembe
SA Journal of Human Resource Management.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between high emotional demand at work, burnout symptoms, and sleep disturbance among Korean workers: a cross-sectional mediation analysis
Seong-Uk Baek, Jin-Ha Yoon, Jong-Uk Won
Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Validation of the ultra‐short scale for measuring work engagement among social workers in Chinese contexts
Xuebing Su, Victor Wong, Charlie Yip
International Journal of Social Welfare.2023; 32(2): 241. CrossRef
The Association between Working Hours Flexibility and Well-Being Prior to and during COVID-19 in South Korea
Nataliya Nerobkova, Yu Shin Park, Eun-Cheol Park, Suk-Yong Jang
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(14): 8438. CrossRef
How Does the Involuntary Choice of Self-Employment Affect Subjective Well-Being in Small-Sized Business Workers? A Cross-Sectional Study from the Fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey
SangJin Park, Chulyong Park, Joo Hyun Sung
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(2): 1011. CrossRef
Structural Equation Model of Work Situation and Work–Family Conflict on Depression and Work Engagement in Commercial Motor Vehicle (CMV) Drivers
Dong-Seok Shin, Byung-Yong Jeong
Applied Sciences.2021; 11(13): 5822. CrossRef
The relationship between self-leadership, the future of human resource management, and work engagement
Cecilia M. Schultz
SA Journal of Human Resource Management.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

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Korean translation and validation of the Workplace Positive emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment (PERMA)-Profiler: Seong Pil Choi, Chunhui Suh, Jae Won Yang, Byung Jin Ye, Chae Kwan Lee, Byung Chul Son, Maro Choi; Ann Occup Environ Med 2019;31:e17. Published online August 13, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2019.31.e17

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background

No tool is available for the multidimensional measurement of workplace well-being among Korean workers. In this study, the Workplace Positive emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment (PERMA)-Profiler, a multidimensional workplace well-being measure, was translated into Korean, and its validity and reliability were assessed.

Methods

The Workplace PERMA-Profiler, including the positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment domains, was translated according to international guidelines. The questionnaires included the Workplace PERMA-Profiler, Mental Health Continuum-Short Form, Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey, Psychosocial Well-being Index-Short Form, and Korean Occupational Stress Scale-Short Form. A total of 316 Korean workers completed a web-based survey with adequate response. Cronbach's alpha values were calculated to assess scale reliability, and correlational and confirmatory factor analyses were used to assess validity.

Results

Cronbach's alpha values for the Korean Workplace PERMA-Profiler ranged from 0.70 to 0.95. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the 5-factor model had a marginally acceptable fit [χ²(80) = 383.04, comparative fit index = 0.909, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.881, root mean square error of approximation = 0.110, and standardized root mean square residual = 0.054]. The 5-factor PERMA domains were correlated positively with work engagement and mental well-being in life, and negatively with burnout, occupational stressors, and stress responses. These results showed that the Workplace PERMA-Profiler has good convergent and divergent validity.

Conclusions

The Korean version of the Workplace PERMA-Profiler had good reliability and validity. It might be used as an indicator or evaluation tool for positive mental health interventions in the workplace.

Citations

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The validation of Chinese version of workplace PERMA-profiler and the association between workplace well-being and fatigue
Chen–Cheng Yang, Hsiang-Tai Chen, Kuei-Hau Luo, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Hung-Yi Chuang, Chih-Wei Wu, Chia–Yen Dai, Chao-Hung Kuo, Norito Kawakami
BMC Public Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Psychometric validation of the PERMA-profiler for well-being in Chinese adults
Yi-Zi Nie, Xu Zhang, Ning-Wei Hong, Chao Zhou, Qian-Qian Huang, Shu-Yan Cao, Chen Wang
Acta Psychologica.2024; 246: 104248. CrossRef
PERMA to PERMA+4 building blocks of well-being: A systematic review of the empirical literature
Victoria Cabrera, Stewart I. Donaldson
The Journal of Positive Psychology.2024; 19(3): 510. CrossRef
Does Changing a Scale’s Context Impact Its Psychometric Properties? A Comparison Using the PERMA-Profiler and the Workplace PERMA-Profiler
Sean P. M. Rice
Merits.2024; 4(2): 109. CrossRef
Sources of Joy in Medical Educators as Described by the PERMA Model
Madeline Lagina, Cyril Grum, Gurjit Sandhu, Allison L. Ruff
Teaching and Learning in Medicine.2024; 36(1): 53. CrossRef
A study on the construction and validation of pathways to the sustainable well-being of Chinese vocational students in the post-epidemic era
Jian-Hong Ye, Yu-Tai Wu, Yu-Feng Wu, Mei-Yen Chen, Weiguaju Nong, Yi-Sang Lee
Current Psychology.2024; 43(8): 7511. CrossRef
The efficacy of employee strengths interventions on desirable workplace outcomes
Alexandra J. Bratty, Nicole C. Dennis
Current Psychology.2024; 43(18): 16514. CrossRef
Modifying the PERMA profiler to assess student well-being
Kah Loong Chue, Amelia Yeo, Youyan Nie, Lee Chin Chew
Current Psychology.2024; 43(4): 3749. CrossRef
Subjective Representations of the Health of Preschool Teachers
E.N. Volkova, N.A. Rudnova, A.M. Kalimullin
Social Psychology and Society.2023; 14(2): 103. CrossRef
Flourishing in the Brazilian context: Evidence of the validity of the PERMA-profiler scale
Thainá Ferraz de Carvalho, Sibele Dias de Aquino, Jean Carlos Natividade
Current Psychology.2023; 42(3): 1828. CrossRef
A magyar nyelvű PERMA Jóllét Profil kérdőív megbízhatóságának és érvényességének vizsgálata
Balázs András Varga, Attila Oláh, András Vargha
Mentálhigiéné és Pszichoszomatika.2022; 23(1): 33. CrossRef
The Associations Between Job Strain, Workplace PERMA Profiler, and Work Engagement
Chen-Cheng Yang, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Norito Kawakami
Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine.2022; 64(5): 409. CrossRef
Factors of Psychological Well-being in Russian Youth
O.M. Isaeva, A.Y. Akimova, E.N. Volkova
Psychological Science and Education.2022; 27(4): 24. CrossRef
An Assessment of the Reliability and Validity of the PERMA Well-Being Scale for Adult Undergraduate Students in an Open and Distance Learning Context
Ishmael Magare, Marien Alet Graham, Irma Eloff
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(24): 16886. CrossRef
PERMA-Profiler: the Approbation of the Russian Version
O.M. Isaeva, A.Y. Akimova, E.N. Volkova
Social Psychology and Society.2022; 13(3): 116. CrossRef
Toward a More PERMA(nent) Conceptualization of Worker Well-Being?
William P. Jimenez, Xiaoxiao Hu, Rebecca Garden, Xiaofei Xie
Journal of Personnel Psychology.2022; 21(2): 94. CrossRef

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Reliability and validity of the Korean version of organizational justice questionnaire: Hanul Park, Kang-Sook Lee, Yong-Jun Park, Dong-Joon Lee, Hyun-Kyung Lee; Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:26. Published online April 23, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0238-8

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background

Many studies show that organizational justice (OJ) is related to psychological determinants of employee health. To prevent health problems related to OJ in Korean workplaces and to accurately measure OJ, we developed the Korean version of the Organizational Justice Questionnaire (K-OJQ) and assessed its validity and reliability.

Methods

A questionnaire draft of the K-OJQ was developed using back-translation methods, which was preliminary tested by 32 employees in Korea. Feedback was received and the K-OJQ was finalized. This study used data from 303 workers (172 males, 131 females) in Korea using the K-OJQ, job stress, and lifestyle questionnaires.

Results

Cronbach’s α coefficients of the internal consistency reliability was 0.92 for procedural justice and 0.94 for interactional justice. Factor analyses using SPSS 24 and Amos 23 extracted two expected factors, named procedural justice (7 items; range, 1.0–5.0) and interactional justice (6 items; range, 1.0–5.0) and showed a reliable fit (χ² = 182; p = .000; GFI = .912; AGFI = .877; CFI = .965; RMSEA = .077). Furthermore, higher procedural justice and interactional justice levels were correlated with lower job demand (− 0.33; − 0.36), insufficient job control (− 0.36; − 0.41), interpersonal conflict (− 0.45; − 0.51), job insecurity (− 0.33; − 0.34), organizational system (− 0.64; − 0.64), and lack of reward (− 0.55; − 0.63).

Conclusions

The K-OJQ was objectively validated through statistical methods.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (10.1186/s40557-018-0238-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Citations

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Working after cancer: psychological flexibility and the quality of working life
Cecile J. Proctor, Anthony Reiman, Lisa A. Best
Journal of Cancer Survivorship.2024; 18(1): 196. CrossRef
The Association Between Organizational Justice and Health-Related Productivity Loss Among Korean Employees
Hanul Park, Dong-Wook Lee, June-Hee Lee, Seong-Sik Cho, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, Mo-Yeol Kang
Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine.2022; 64(5): 377. CrossRef
Variability and reliability of the French version of the Quality of Recovery-40 Questionnaire (QoR-40)
Marie Vignaud, Cloé Morel, Antoine Henault, Emmanuel Futier, Bruno Pereira, Céline Lambert, Hélène Beloeil
Anaesthesia Critical Care & Pain Medicine.2021; 40(2): 100822. CrossRef
Association between organizational justice and depressive symptoms among securities company workers
HyunSuk Lee, KangHyun Um, YoungSu Ju, Sukkoun Lee, Min Choi, Domyung Paek, Seong-Sik Cho
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
The Association between Organizational Justice and Psychological Well-Being by Regular Exercise in Korean Employees
Hanul Park, Kang-Sook Lee, Yong-Jun Park, Dong-Joon Lee, Hyun-Kyung Lee
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2019; 16(12): 2223. CrossRef
Investigating the Effect of Constructing Social Accounts on Accountants' Unethical Behavior: With Mediating Role of Moral Disengagement and Guilt
Ali akbar Arjmandniya, Rezvan Hejazi, Albert Boghosian, sara Etemadi Eidgahi
Iranian journal of Value and Behavioral Accounting.2019; 4(7): 63. CrossRef

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Validation of general job satisfaction in the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study: Shin Goo Park, Sang Hee Hwang; Ann Occup Environ Med 2017;29:10. Published online April 5, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-017-0167-y

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background

The purpose of this study is to assess the validity and reliability of general job satisfaction (JS) in the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study (KLIPS).

Methods

We used the data from the 17th wave (2014) of the nationwide KLIPS, which selected a representative panel sample of Korean households and individuals aged 15 or older residing in urban areas. We included in this study 7679 employed subjects (4529 males and 3150 females). The general JS instrument consisted of five items rated on a scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). The general JS reliability was assessed using the corrected item-total correlation and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The validity of general JS was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Pearson’s correlation.

Results

The corrected item-total correlations ranged from 0.736 to 0.837. Therefore, no items were removed. Cronbach’s alpha for general JS was 0.925, indicating excellent internal consistency. The CFA of the general JS model showed a good fit. Pearson’s correlation coefficients for convergent validity showed moderate or strong correlations.

Conclusion

The results obtained in our study confirm the validity and reliability of general JS.

Citations

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Association between job satisfaction and current smoking and change in smoking behavior: a 16‐year longitudinal study in South Korea
Seong‐Uk Baek, Won‐Tae Lee, Min‐Seok Kim, Myeong‐Hun Lim, Jin‐Ha Yoon, Jong‐Uk Won
Addiction.2023; 118(11): 2118. CrossRef

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Clinical Trial

A Pilot Study on the Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of the Oswestry Disability Index in a Farming Community: No Yul Yang, Hae Yean Park, Jin Su Kim, Joo Hyun Lee, Soo Hyun Park, Min Ye Jung, Sang Baek Koh; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2010;22(4):290-297. Published online December 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2010.22.4.290

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The Korean version of the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) is the most widely used tool validated instrument for measuring and the level of disability associated with low back disorders. We wanted to validate use of the Korean version of the ODI in Korean farmers with low back pain.
METHODS
The object of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the ODI. The Korean version was tested on 53 farmers (62.3+/-10.3 years of age) with low back-related disorders. We investigated the Test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and construct validity of the ODI. The Test-retest reliability was assessed in 30 farmers within a time interval of approximately 14 to 18 days. Differences between the Korean version of the ODI and the Short Form 12 (SF-12), which includes 8 domains (general health, physical functioning, role-physical limitation, bodily pain, role-emotional limitation, mental health, vitality, social functioning) were analyzed for construct validity. The correlation of the Korean version of the ODI with the SF-12 was analyzed, as well.
RESULTS
The intra-class correlation coefficient of test-retest reliability was 0.854. Reliability estimated by the internal consistency reached a Cronbach's alpha of 0.879. The correlation between 7 domains of the SF-12 except for the mental health domain and the Korean version of the ODI was statistically significant (p<0.05). Four domains (general health, physical functioning, role-physical limitation, bodily pain) that measured physical status all showed high correlations (p<0.01), as did a domain that measured mental status (role-emotional limitation) (p<0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
The results showed that the Korean version of the ODI is a reliable and valid instrument to measure the level of disability in Korean farmers with low back-related disorders. The use of this instrument is recommended for future clinical trials in Korea.

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A Case Report of Combined Korean Medicine Treatment of Spinal Stenosis with Lipomatosis
Mihye Kim, Su-Bin Han, Byunghak Park, Jaemin Son, Nam-Woo Lee, Jeong-Hun Han, Do-Hyeon Kang, Tae-Woon Min, Jae-Seo Ahn, Hansol Lee, Hyun-Jun Lee
Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation.2020; 30(4): 195. CrossRef
A Case of Combined Korean Medicine Treatment of Hip Pain Caused by Obturator Nerve Entrapment: Case Report
Hui-Yeong Chu, Sang-Woon Lee, In-Su Bae, Kyung-Young Yoon, Jun-Heum Youn, Dong-Wook Hwang, Hyun-Woo Cho
Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation.2020; 30(3): 163. CrossRef
Acculturation and Health of Korean American Adults
Cha-Nam Shin, Helen W. Lach
Journal of Transcultural Nursing.2014; 25(3): 273. CrossRef
Clinical Study of Dokhwalkigisaengtanggagambang(DGG) and Gamisayuktanggagambang(GSG) for Improving Lumbago and Knee Joint Pain
Chan-Hern Choi, Sun-Jong Kim, Jeong-Cheol Shin, Tong-Soon Wi, Jae-Hong Kim, Jin-Bong Choi, Young-Eok Kim, Chang-Su Na
The Korea Journal of Herbology.2013; 28(2): 75. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Reliability of a Questionnaire in an Epidemiological Study for Nuclear Power Plants Workers in Korea: Han Na Kim, Meeseon Jeong, Eun Sook Park, Su Jin Suh, Young Woo Jin; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2010;22(2):122-128. Published online June 30, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2010.22.2.122

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to evaluate the reliability of a questionnaire from an epidemiological study for nuclear power plants workers in Korea.
METHODS
Among a total of 8,832 nuclear power plants workers who participated in the questionnaire survey, we selected 646 workers who repeatedly submitted the self-reported questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire for the categorical items was measured using kappa statistics and percentages of exact agreement, false disagreement and positive disagreement. Significance was evaluated for the continuous items by paired t-tests and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs).
RESULTS
The questionnaire was observed to be highly reliable for the smoking history (kappa=0.85), which is known as an important confounding factor in assessing the cancer risk among radiation workers. Education level as a surrogate for the socio-economic status also appeared to be highly reliable with a kappa=0.89 and 95.09% of exact agreement. The history of alcohol drinking, medical exams and diseases showed more than moderately good agreement between the first and second responses (kappa>0.4). The self-reported values for physical measurements, the smoking period and smoking amount, and the period of alcohol drinking were highly correlated between the two responses (ICC>0.7).
CONCLUSIONS
The questionnaire from an epidemiological study for nuclear power plants workers in Korea was found to be reliable for most items. To estimate the cancer or noncancer risk for nuclear power plants workers, we need to use the national database for incidence of diseases or death from diseases and the exposure history, and the medical records as well as the data collected from this study.

Citations

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Reliability and Validity of a Nationwide Survey (the Korean Radiation Workers Study)
Dalnim Lee, Wan Young Lim, Soojin Park, Young Woo Jin, Won Jin Lee, Sunhoo Park, Songwon Seo
Safety and Health at Work.2021; 12(4): 445. CrossRef
The monetary value of the man-mSv for Korean NPP radiation workers assessed by the radiation aversion factor
B.-i. Lee, D.-h. Suh, S.-i. Kim, M.-s. Jeong, Y.-k. Lim
Radiation Protection Dosimetry.2012; 150(4): 516. CrossRef

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Reliability and Validity of Questionnaire for Assessing Physical Workloads: Dongjun Lee, Dongmug Kang, Sang Baek Koh, Jungwon Kim, Junho Jang, Jongeun Kim, Byungmann Cho, Suill Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2003;15(4):388-400. Published online December 31, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2003.15.4.388

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The aims of the study were to make a questionnaire for assessing physical workloads and to evaluate its reliability and validity.
METHODS
A total of 220 workers (foundry workers 30, large vehicle assemblers 30, shipyard workers 75, and automobile manufacturers 80) completed a self-administered questionnaire and took examinations for physical work capacity and working heart rate. We excluded data with insufficient responses or incorrect physical work capacity and working heart rate. Finally, the data of 154 workers (70.0%) were used for our study. In order to evaluate the reliability and validity of the questionnaire, we used statistical analyses including the scaling assumption test and a comparison with the objective tool for physical workload which was evaluated by working energy expenditure.
RESULTS
The items of the questionnaire in the same categories had close distribution in the evaluation of the scaling assumption. The item internal consistency was 0.41-0.73 for posture factor, and 0.62-0.79 for non-posture factor. The item discriminate validity was 100%. Cronbach's alphacoefficient of the total items was 0.73 (0.58 for posture factor and 0.74 for nonposture factor). In the correlation between working energy expenditure and questions, general physical activity (p=0.008), proportion of the workday with hands above shoulder (p=0.002), proportion of the workday with trunk bent (p=0.028), proportion of the workday with awkward posture (p=0.048), sweating after work (p=0.006), total scales (p=0.003) and Borg scale (p=0.011) all had statistical significance.
CONCLUSIONS
Our questionnaire for assessing physical workloads demonstrated statistically significant reliability and validity. But the questions for the proportions of the workday with sitting work posture and with static posture should be modified via a larger study.

Citations

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Joint Laxity Negatively Correlates With Lumbar Disc Degeneration in Young Adults
Tae-Hwan Kim, Hwan-Mo Lee, Seong-Hwan Moon, Dae-Kyung Kwak, Jae Keun Oh, Yong Chan Kim, Moon Soo Park, Federico Bonifacio Alday, Seok Woo Kim
Spine.2013; 38(24): E1541. CrossRef

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Impact of Subject and Time Related Factors on Reliability of Neurobehavioral Tests: Joon Sakong, Man Joong Jeon, Nak Jung Sung, Gyu Tae Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2003;15(2):188-195. Published online June 30, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2003.15.2.188

Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to select neurobehavioral tests that are more reliable and less affected by subjects characteristics and test conditions.
METHODS
Five computerized and five traditional neurobehavioral tests and retests were administered to 85 medical school students and 35 hospital workers. The computerized tests consisted of the Simple Reaction Time, Addition, Symbol Digit, Digit Span, and Finger Tapping Speed, while the traditional tests comprised the Benton Visual Retention test, Digit Symbol, Digit Span, Pursuit Aiming, and pegboard. In addition, the effects of various factors on the reliability of the neurobehavioral tests, including age, sex, educational level, computer familiarity, test intervals, and test time of day, were also evaluated.
RESULTS
Among the computerized neurobehavioral tests, the reliability of Addition, Symbol Digit, Digit Span, and Finger Tapping Speed were not affected significantly by age, sex, test interval, or computer familiarity. It was found that Finger Tapping Speed is not affected by educational level. When the time of retest was incongruous with the time of the first test, test-retest reliability was lower in most neurobehavioral tests except computerized Addition, Digit Span, and Finger Tapping Speed, and traditional Symbol Digit.
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that the computerized Addition, Symbol digit, Digit Span, and Finger Tapping Speed, and the traditional Digit Symbol are more satisfactory for our purposes. These results should facilitate selection of the most appropriate tests for periodical evaluation of the central nervous system of workers exposed to neurotoxic substances in Korea.

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The Development of Health Risk Appraisal at the Worksite: Eun Hee Ha, Heui Sug Jo, Hye Sook Park, Yun Chul Hong, Hyun Sul Lim, Gyu Chul Chung, Yong Ae Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998;10(4):548-561. Published online December 31, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1998.10.4.548

Abstract PDF: Health Risk Appraisal(HRA) is usually defined as a process by which we expect of individual's chances of death or acquiring specific diseases within a defined period of time. The concept of worksite as an area of health maintenance and promotion is newly developing. Our movement for health promotion of employees has been increasingly known in the worksite. The aim of this study is to develop health risk appraisal tools about health promotion at the worksite for employees. We performed this study by two steps: one step was to develop a HRA questionnaire of worksites in Korea, another was to evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire. For developing HRA questionnaire, we reviewed scientific examples at first, and then weighted the score by delphi. To evaluate the reliability of developed questionnaire, we carried out survey by test-retest method. A total of 131 employees completed HRA questionnaire on two times. The results are as follows. The total score of health risk in unhealthy workers was higher than that of healthy workers. The range of test-retest reliability of responses to the questionnaire was 0.57-0.94. Therefore it seems that this questionnaire was very suitable to assess the health behavior of workers. In conclusion, the developed HRA questionnaire can be used as a tool for evaluating health behavior and for providing health counseling materials.

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Reliability of questionnaire for evaluating ergonomic exposure in occupational epidemiological studies: M N Ha, D M Paek, S H Cho, D H Kang, H J Kwon; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1997;9(4):659-670. Published online December 31, 1997; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1997.9.4.659

Abstract PDF

Although occupational musculoskeletal diseases are one of the most prevalent occupational diseases and cost billions of money, limited number of studies were conducted to develop the valid and reliable measure for ergonomic factors, the most important risk factors of these diseases. This study was conducted to develop a questionnaire for ergonomic factors and to evaluate the reliability of the developed questionnaire among foundry workers in Korea. A questionnaire for ergonomic factors was developed on the basis of the results of previously conducted studies and information obtained from a site visit of the worksite. The developed questionnaire was administered to 51 foundry workers at an interval of two weeks. The reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated using Cohen's Kappa, weighted Kappa, spearman's correlation coefficient and category distinguishability in the raw scale and dichotomized scale. The questionnaire items showing high Cohen's kappa include 'walking (0.79)', 'sitting(0.66)' 'raised elbow(0.65)', 'rotated elbow(0.64)', 'lifting(0.66)', 'push & pull(0.66)' and the items of low Cohen's kappa include 'one leg(0.31)', 'wrist lateral deviation(0.22)', 'palm padding(0.14)', 'pinch grip(0.15)'. It seems that the types of work, difficulty of recognition about the posture or movement, and understanding the questionnaire items affect the reliability coefficiencies.

Citations

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Musculoskeletal disorders among staff in South Korea’s largest nursing home
Derek Richard Smith, Jae-wook Choi, Myung Ki, Jae-young Kim, Zentaro Yamagata
Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine.2003; 8(1): 23. CrossRef

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Validity and Reliability of Data Derived from Questionnaire on Neurobehavioral Symptoms: Ho Jang Kwon, Soo Hun Cho, Hyun Sul Lim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1995;7(1):21-27. Published online February 28, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1995.7.1.21

Abstract PDF

There are many studies on the neurobehavioral symptoms due to organic solvent exposure using questionnaire. However there is little published evidence on validity and reliability of the questionnaire on the neurobehavioral symptoms. In present study, the authors tested the validity and reliability of our questionnaire, which was designed for screening neurobehavioral disturbance in organic solvent exposer. Questionnaire was administered to the workers of one paint manufacturing plant and one coil manufacturing plant. In order to evaluate validity of the questionnaire, the average questionnaire scores of two plants were compared. The average score of paint manufacturing plant were higher than that of coil manufacturing plant and the difference was statistically significant. After adjustment of age, duration of employment, education, smoking history and alcohol consumption, significance was maintained. Test-retest reliability was evaluated by kappa statistics. More than 50% of question items showed values of kappa above 0.4, Cronbach coefficient alpha whoch reflects internal consistency of the questionnaire was 0.86. Overall the data showed that validity and reliability of the questionnaire were generally acceptable.

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Occupational Neurological Disorders in Korea
Eun-A Kim, Seong-Kyu Kang
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S26. CrossRef

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