Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Short Communication

Fighting the COVID-19 pandemic: onsite mass workplace testing for COVID-19 in the Republic of Korea: Eunhye Seo, Eunchan Mun, Wonsool Kim, Changhwan Lee; Ann Occup Environ Med 2020;32:e22. Published online July 2, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e22

The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is causing tremendous damage globally. The Republic of Korea (ROK), a highly export-dependent nation, is a leader in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic and coping well with the disaster. Like the drive-through COVID-19 testing, which reflects the brilliant flexibility of the Korean medical system, onsite mass workplace testing for COVID-19, which our hospital has been performing over the past few months, is a unique and valuable countermeasure. We believe it is time that the current health examination system for workers in the ROK considered the risk of transmissible diseases.

Citations

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Occupation and SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence studies: a systematic review
Emily Boucher, Christian Cao, Sean D’Mello, Nathan Duarte, Claire Donnici, Natalie Duarte, Graham Bennett, Anil Adisesh, Rahul Arora, David Kodama, Niklas Bobrovitz
BMJ Open.2023; 13(2): e063771. CrossRef
Development and assessment of a hospital-led, community-partnering COVID-19 testing and prevention program for homeless and congregate living services in Toronto, Canada: a descriptive feasibility study
Mona Loutfy, V. Logan Kennedy, Sheila Riazi, Suvendrini Lena, Mina Kazemi, Jessica Bawden, Vanessa Wright, Lisa Richardson, Selena Mills, Laura Belsito, Geetha Mukerji, Sacha Bhatia, Meenakshi Gupta, Cristina Barrett, Danielle Martin
CMAJ Open.2022; 10(2): E483. CrossRef
COVID-19 in the Workplace in Indonesia
Fatma Lestari, Margaret Cook, Kelly Johnstone, Miranda Surya Wardhany, Robiana Modjo, Baiduri Widanarko, Devie Fitri Octaviani
Sustainability.2022; 14(5): 2745. CrossRef
Systematic assessment of South Korea’s capabilities to control COVID-19
Katelyn J. Yoo, Soonman Kwon, Yoonjung Choi, David M. Bishai
Health Policy.2021; 125(5): 568. CrossRef
Impact of Mass Workplace COVID-19 Rapid Testing on Health and Healthcare Resource Savings
Francesc López Seguí, Jose Maria Navarrete Duran, Albert Tuldrà, Maria Sarquella, Boris Revollo, Josep Maria Llibre, Jordi Ara del Rey, Oriol Estrada Cuxart, Roger Paredes Deirós, Guillem Hernández Guillamet, Bonaventura Clotet Sala, Josep Vidal Alaball,
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(13): 7129. CrossRef
A scoping review of the experience of implementing population testing for SARS-CoV-2
C.R. Foster, F. Campbell, L. Blank, A.J. Cantrell, M. Black, A.C.K. Lee
Public Health.2021; 198: 22. CrossRef

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Research Article

Multidimensional sleep quality of dependent self-employment workers: Sang Ha Lee, Dukyun Kang, Junhyeong Lee, Uijin Kim, Seunghon Ham, Wanhyung Lee, Won-Jun Choi, Seong-Kyu Kang; Ann Occup Environ Med 2020;32:e6. Published online January 22, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e6

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Background

The number of workers in non-standard employment (NSE) is increasing due to industrial change and technological development. Dependent self-employment (DSE), a type of NSE, was created decades ago. Despite the problems associated with this new type of employment, few studies have been conducted on the effects by DSE on health, especially sleep quality. This study aims to determine the relationship between DSE and sleep quality.

Methods

This study analyzed data of 50,250 wage workers from the fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey. Workers that did not respond or refused to answer any questions related to variables were excluded, and finally 36,709 participants were included in this study. A total of 2,287 workers (6.2%) were compared with non-DSE (34,422; 93.8%) workers, and multiple logistic regression analyses were applied.

Results

DSE status had a significant association with difficulty falling asleep (odds ratio [OR]: 1.331, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.178–1.504), difficulty maintaining sleep (OR: 1.279; 95% CI: 1.125–1.455), and extreme fatigue after waking up (OR: 1.331; 95% CI: 1.184–1.496). A multiple logistic regression of the variables for sleep quality in DSE showed a significant association with exposure to physical factors for all types of poor sleep quality as well as shift work for difficulty maintaining sleep with extreme fatigue after waking up. Long working hours and emotional labor were also associated with extreme fatigue after waking up.

Conclusions

This study shows a significant association between DSE and poor sleep quality, especially when workers were exposed to physical risk factors (noise, vibration, abnormal temperature, etc.) and shift work.

Citations

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Teleworking Is Significantly Associated with Anxiety Symptoms and Sleep Disturbances among Paid Workers in the COVID-19 Era
Minji Kim, Inho Park, Hyojin An, Byungyoon Yun, Jin-Ha Yoon
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(2): 1488. CrossRef
Self-employment and health inequality of migrant workers
Deshui Zhou, Xin Wen
BMC Health Services Research.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Mental health symptoms among dependent contractors in Korea: a cross-sectional study based on the Fifth Korean Working Condition Survey
Seong-Uk Baek, Sung-Shil Lim, Sehyun Yun, Won-Tae Lee, Min-Seok Kim, Jin-Ha Yoon, Jong-Uk Won
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
The Effect of Job Demands, Job Resources, and Musculoskeletal Complaints on Presenteeism Among the Dependent Self-employment Workers in Korea
Jiyun Kim, Sookja Choi
Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine.2022; 64(9): 719. CrossRef
Association between physical risk factors and sleep disturbance among workers in Korea: The 5th Korean Working Conditions Survey
Inho Park, Seunghan Kim, Yangwook Kim, Byungyoon Yun, Jin-Ha Yoon
Sleep Medicine.2022; 100: 157. CrossRef
The Impact of Mandate Contract and Self-Employment on Workers’ Health—Evidence from Poland
Katarzyna Piwowar-Sulej, Dominika Bąk-Grabowska
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(6): 3138. CrossRef

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Research Article

Comparison of facet joint degeneration in firefighters and hospital office workers: Dong Hyun Kim, Yon Soo An, Hyung Doo Kim, Kyoung Sook Jeong, Yeon-Soon Ahn, Kun-Hyung Kim, Youngki Kim, Han-Soo Song, Chul-Gab Lee, Young-Jun Kwon, Jin-Ha Yoon; Ann Occup Environ Med 2017;29:24. Published online June 24, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-017-0180-1

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Background

There are few published studies on the relationship between occupational lumbar load and facet joint degeneration (FJD). This cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the effect of physical lumbar load on FJD by comparing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of firefighters (FFs) and hospital office workers (HOWs).

Methods

We randomly sampled 341 male FFs and 80 male HOWs by age stratification. A questionnaire and clinical examination, including MRI of the lumbar spine (T12-S1), were conducted. FJD was diagnosed and graded by using the classification of Pathria et al., and reclassified into two groups as follows: no FJD (grade 0) and FJD (grades 1, 2, and 3). The prevalence of FJD was analyzed according to occupational group.

Results

The prevalence of FJD ranged from 31% (L1–L2) to 75% (L4–L5) in the FFs, and from 18% (L1–L2) to 69% (L4–L5) in the HOWs. After adjustment for age, body mass index, and frequency of physical exercise, the adjusted odds ratios (OR) for FJD in the FFs were significantly higher than those in the HOWs at all lumbar spinal levels, except for L3–L4 (L1–L2: OR, 2.644; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.317–5.310; L2–L3: OR, 2.285; 95% CI, 1.304–4.006; L4–L5: OR, 1.918; 95% CI, 1.037–3.544; L5–S1: OR, 1.811; 95% CI, 1.031–3.181).

Conclusion

This study shows that FFs exhibit a greater likelihood of having FJD than HOWs after controlling for other risk factors of FJD. This suggests that the physical occupational demands of FFs affect their risk of developing FJD.

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Non-cancer health risks in firefighters: a systematic review
Jeong Ah Kim, Soo Yeon Song, Wonjeong Jeong, Jae Kwan Jun
Epidemiology and Health.2022; 44: e2022109. CrossRef
Including exercise prescription in the management of non‐specific low back pain
Hamish Osborne, Peter Burt
Emergency Medicine Australasia.2022; 34(5): 833. CrossRef
An overview of compensated work-related injuries among Korean firefighters from 2010 to 2015
Hyung Doo Kim, Yon Soo An, Dong Hyun Kim, Kyung Sook Jeong, Yeon Soon Ahn
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub] CrossRef

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Research Article

Ambulatory heart rate of professional taxi drivers while driving without their typical psychosocial work stressors: a pilot study: BongKyoo Choi, SangJun Choi, JeeYeon Jeong, JiWon Lee, Shi Shu, Nu Yu, SangBaek Ko, Yifang Zhu; Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:54. Published online October 6, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0139-7

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Background

Few studies have examined ambulatory cardiovascular physiological parameters of taxi drivers while driving in relation to their occupational hazards. This study aims to investigate and quantify the impact of worksite physical hazards as a whole on ambulatory heart rate of professional taxi drivers while driving without their typical worksite psychosocial stressors.

Methods

Ambulatory heart rate (HR_driving) of 13 non-smoking male taxi drivers (24 to 67 years old) while driving was continuously assessed on their 6-hour experimental on-road driving in Los Angeles. Percent maximum HR range (PMHR_driving) of the drivers while driving was estimated based on the individual HR_driving values and US adult population resting HR (HR_rest) reference data. For analyses, the HR_driving and PMHR_driving data were split and averaged into 5-min segments. Five physical hazards inside taxi cabs were also monitored while driving. Work stress and work hours on typical work days were self-reported.

Results

The means of the ambulatory 5-min HR_driving and PMHR_driving values of the 13 drivers were 80.5 bpm (11.2 bpm higher than their mean HR_rest) and 10.7 % (range, 5.7 to 19.9 %), respectively. The means were lower than the upper limits of ambulatory HR and PMHR for a sustainable 8-hour work (35 bpm above HR_rest and 30 % PMHR), although 15–27 % of the 5-min HR_driving and PMHR_driving values of one driver were higher than the limits. The levels of the five physical hazards among the drivers were modest: temperature (26.4 ± 3.0 °C), relative humidity (40.7 ± 10.4 %), PM_2.5 (21.5 ± 7.9 μg/m³), CO₂ (1,267.1 ± 580.0 ppm) and noise (69.7 ± 3.0 dBA). The drivers worked, on average, 72 h per week and more than half of them reported that their job were often stressful.

Conclusions

The impact of physical worksite hazards alone on ambulatory HR of professional taxi drivers in Los Angeles generally appeared to be minor. Future ambulatory heart rate studies including both physical and psychosocial hazards of professional taxi drivers are warranted.

Citations

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Cardiovascular health status of taxi/for-hire vehicle drivers in the United States: A systematic review
Sheena Mirpuri, Kathryn Traub, Sara Romero, Marisol Hernandez, Francesca Gany
Work.2021; 69(3): 927. CrossRef
Lurking in plain sight: Hypertension awareness and treatment among New York City taxi/for‐hire vehicle drivers
Bharat Narang, Sheena Mirpuri, Soo Young Kim, Devika R. Jutagir, Francesca Gany
The Journal of Clinical Hypertension.2020; 22(6): 962. CrossRef

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Research Article

Risk factors of work-related upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders in male cameramen: Jung ho Kim, Byung seong Suh, Soo Geun Kim, Won sool Kim, You il Shon, Hee seung Son; Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:5. Published online January 24, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-014-0052-x

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Objective

The aim of this study is to determine the risk factors related to upper extremities work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) in cameramen.

Methods

A questionnaire survey was performed on 166 cameramen in a broadcasting station. The questionnaire consisted of questions on the general characteristics, the health behavior, work type and duration, physical burden, ergonomic posture, and musculoskeletal symptoms. Definition of musculoskeletal disorders was based on NIOSH criteria.

Results

The positive rate of WRMSDs symptoms by parts of the body was turned out to be the highest in the shoulder (14.5%) and the lowest in arm and elbow (6%). Logistic regression analysis revealed that symptoms in the shoulders increased with BMI (OR = 3.62, 95% CI = 1.03-12.71), physical burden (OR = 9.29, 95% CI = 1.72-61.78 in the very hard group) and ergonomic factors (OR = 4.50, 95% CI = 1.03-19.68). Ergonomic factors were only related to the symptoms of hand and wrist (OR = 10.21, 95% CI = 1.02-102.20). WRMSDs symptoms, in the whole upper extremities, were higher in the 50 or older age group (OR = 5.86, 95% CI = 1.03-33.26), higher BMI group (OR = 3.26, 95% CI = 1.28-13.53), non-exercise group (OR = 2.37, 95% CI = 1.24-12.59), high physical burden group (OR = 7.6, 95% CI = 1.34-52.74), and high grade ergonomic risk group (OR = 4.82, 95% CI = 1.29-16.06).

Conclusion

The most serious musculoskeletal disorders of male cameramen were shoulder pain. Ergonomic factors and physical burden were the most significant factors affecting WRMSDs in cameramen in this study. Cameramen should be educated to be able to improve the ergonomic occupational environment and to set up preventive measures against the risk factors during work.

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Development and validation of a tool for the comprehensive risk assessment of musculoskeletal disorders (CRAMUD) among employees of a steel industry
Saeid Yazdanirad, Gholamhossein Pourtaghi, Mehdi Raei, Mohammad Ghasemi
Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science.2023; 24(3): 335. CrossRef
Shoulder pain prevalence by age and within occupational groups: a systematic review
Christopher J. Hodgetts, Charlotte Leboeuf-Yde, Amber Beynon, Bruce F. Walker
Archives of Physiotherapy.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparison of work-related musculoskeletal symptoms between male cameramen and male office workers
Han-Seur Jeong, Byung-Seong Suh, Soo-Geun Kim, Won-Sool Kim, Won-Cheol Lee, Kyung-Hun Son, Min-Woo Nam
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Scapholunate interosseous ligament dysfunction as a source of elbow pain syndromes: Possible mechanisms and implications for hand surgeons and therapists
Cigdem Ayhan, Seval Tanrıkulu, Gursel Leblebicioglu
Medical Hypotheses.2018; 110: 125. CrossRef

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Research Article

Serum prostate-specific antigen levels and type of work in tire manufacturing workers: Soo-Hyeon Kim, Keun-Ho Jang, Won-Ju Park, Do-Hyeong Kwon, Won-Yang Kang, Hyeong-Min Lim, Jai-Dong Moon; Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26:50. Published online November 4, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-014-0050-z

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Objectives

This study measures serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in tire-manufacturing workers, and attempts to find occupational or non-occupational factors that related to their PSA levels.

Methods

A total of 1,958 healthy male workers (1,699 were production workers and 259 were office workers) took PSA measurement for analysis.

Results

After adjusting for age, body mass index, hypertension, regular exercise, alcohol drinking and smoking, which were significantly related to serum PSA levels or known related factors of serum PSA levels, the geometric mean PSA levels were significantly high in the office workers (p = 0.017), the older age group (p < 0.001), the group with hypertension (p = 0.046) and the group of individuals that do not exercise regularly (p = 0.015) and the office workers were more likely to have a serum PSA level of ≥4.0 (OR 7.73, 95% CI: 2.78-21.46) or 2.5 ng/mL (OR 2.74, 95% CI: 1.49-5.08). After stratifying by age and adjusting aforementioned covariates, office workers 50 years of age and older had the significantly higher geometric mean PSA levels (p = 0.017) and were more likely to have a serum PSA level of ≥4.0 ng/mL (OR 12.90, 95% CI: 3.65-45.64) or 2.5 ng/mL (OR 3.90, 95% CI: 1.64-9.25) than production workers 50 years of age and older.

Conclusions

This study showed that serum PSA levels were significantly higher among the group with hypertension or the group of individuals that did not exercise regularly or group of office workers who were considered to have lesser physical activities.

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Night shiftwork and prostate-specific antigen level in a tire manufacturing factory
Seunghyeon Cho, Won-Ju Park, WonYang Kang, Dae-Young Lim, Suwhan Kim, Jai-Dong Moon
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Prostate Specific Antigen Screening among Men in Abakaliki, South East Nigeria
E. N. Afogu, I. Sunday-Adeoye, K. C. Ekwedigwe, M. E. Isikhuemen, S. C. Okenwa, S. A. Popoola, M. O. Eliboh, I. C. Amamilo
Open Journal of Urology.2017; 07(05): 79. CrossRef

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Research Article

Psychosocial Risk Factors and Musculoskeletal Symptoms among White and Blue-collar Workers at Private and Public Sectors: Leticia B Januario, Mariana V Batistao, Helenice JCG Coury, Ana Beatriz Oliveira, Tatiana O Sato; Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26:20-20. Published online July 25, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-014-0020-5

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Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate musculoskeletal and psychosocial perception and compare these conditions regarding the type of job (white or blue-collar) and the type of management model (private or public).

Methods

Forty-seven public white-collar (PuWC), 84 private white-collar (PrWC) and 83 blue-collar workers (PrBC) were evaluated. Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) and Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) were applied to evaluate psychosocial factors. Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) was used to assess musculoskeletal symptoms. Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT) was measured to evaluate sensory responses.

Results

According to JCQ, all groups were classified as active profile. There was a significant association between work engagement and workers’ categories (p < 0.05). PrWC workers had the highest scores for all the UWES domains, while PrBC had the lowest ones. PPT showed that PrBC workers had an increased sensitivity for left deltoid (p < 0.01), and for both epicondyles (p < 0.01), when compared to the other groups. PrWC workers had an increased sensitivity for both epicondyles than PuWC (right p < 0.01; left, p = 0.05). There was no significant association in the report of symptoms across the groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

This study showed differences in psychosocial risk factors and musculoskeletal symptoms in workers engaged in different types of jobs and work organization. Personal and work-related characteristics, psychosocial factors and PPT responses were different across workers’ group. Despite all, there was no significant difference in reported symptoms across the groups, possibly indicating that the physical load is similar among the sectors.

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Stijn Keyaerts, Lode Godderis, Vero Vanden Abeele, Liesbeth Daenen
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Maryam Shaygan, Maryam Yazdanpanah
The International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2020; 11(1): 3. CrossRef
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Ludmilla Maria Souza Mattos de Araújo Vieira, Tatiana de Oliveira Sato
Musculoskeletal Science and Practice.2020; 50: 102279. CrossRef
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Chun-Hao Tsai, Wan-Ju Cheng, Chih-Hsin Muo, Tsung-Li Lin
Medicine.2019; 98(3): e14148. CrossRef
Three job stress models and their relationship with musculoskeletal pain in blue- and white-collar workers
Raphael M. Herr, Jos A. Bosch, Adrian Loerbroks, Annelies E.M. van Vianen, Marc N. Jarczok, Joachim E. Fischer, Burkhard Schmidt
Journal of Psychosomatic Research.2015; 79(5): 340. CrossRef

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Research Article

Association between Workplace Risk Factor Exposure and Sleep Disturbance: Analysis of the 2nd Korean Working Conditions Survey: Yong-Seok Heo, Sei-Jin Chang, Shin-Goo Park, Jong-Han Leem, Sung-Hwan Jeon, Bum-Joon Lee, Kyung-Yong Rhee, Hwan-Cheol Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2013;25:41-41. Published online December 27, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-4374-25-41

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Objectives

Sleep is essential for human beings to live and work properly. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between occupational exposures to workplace risk factors and sleep disturbance in Korean workers.

Methods

The data were drawn from the second Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS); a total of 7,112 paid workers were analyzed. The independent variables were occupational exposures such as physical, chemical, biological, and psychosocial risk factor in the workplace, and psychosocial risk factor was divided into five categories (job demand, job control, social support, job insecurity, lack of reward). We estimated the relationship between various occupational exposures and sleep disturbance using multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results

The results showed that people who exposed to physical, chemical, biological, and psychosocial (high job demand, inadequate social support, lack of reward) risk factors were more likely to increase the risk of sleep disturbance. Furthermore, after adjusting for general and occupational characteristics, we found significant positive associations between exposures to physical (odds ratios [OR] 1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-2.07) and psychosocial (high job demand (OR 2.93, 95% CI 2.16-3.98), inadequate social support (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.14-2.15), lack of reward (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.08-1.96)) risk factors and sleep disturbance.

Conclusion

These results suggest that occupational exposures to physical and psychosocial workplace risk factors are significantly related to sleep disturbance.

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Hamidreza Mokarami, Vahid Gharibi, Haji Omid Kalteh, Mehdi Faraji Kujerdi, Reza Kazemi
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Sergio Salas-Nicás, Grace Sembajwe, Albert Navarro, Salvador Moncada, Clara Llorens, Orfeu M. Buxton
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Original Article

Dose-Response Relationships between Work-Related Musculoskeletal Neck Symptom and Physical Risk Factors (2 year follow-up study): Jingon Sul, Dongmug Kang, Suill Lee, Youngki Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2007;19(2):145-155. Published online June 30, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2007.19.2.145

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
To estimate the association of work-related musculoskeletal neck symptom and occupational risk factors, and to identify the dose-response relationships between work-related musculoskeletal neck symptom and physical condition.
METHODS
Workers from four metal industry companies were enrolled in the study. General characteristics, psyhcosocial and physical risk factors and work-related musculoskeletal neck symptom were investigated by questionnaire in the baseline study. At the follow-up study 2 years later, the neck symptom was surveyed. Workers who did not complain neck symptom at baseline and complain at follow-up, and workers who did complain neck symptom at baseline and follow-up were defined as case. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of physical risk factors were estimated for these subjects. Additionally, subjects who did not change their work at follow-up were analysed.
RESULTS
Among the cohort of 251, 199 (79.3%) were used in the analysis, of which 71 (35.7%) were classified as cases. The adjusted ORs and the ORs of the subjects who did not change their work were increased with exposure to the following kinds of work: 'repetitive', 'lift', 'push/pull', 'neck/shoulder (overhead/bend)', 'hand/wrist (bend/pinch)', 'trunk (twist/bend)', 'pressure point', and 'incentive work'. Finally, with increasing exposure to 'repetitive', 'lift', 'push/pull', 'awkward postures', 'pressure point', and 'incentive work', the risks of work-related musculoskeletal neck symptom were increased.
CONCLUSIONS
Work-related musculoskeletal neck symptom was increased with increasing exposure time of certain physical risk factors, and a dose-response relationship was observed.

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Risk factors of musculoskeletal symptoms in university hospital nurses
Eunkwang Ryu, Byeongjin Ye, Youngil Yi, Jungwon Kim
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2014;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluation of Postural Load during Liquid Weight Measurement Process Using Ratio of Exposure Time
Sung-Koon Lee, Peom Park
Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea.2012; 31(3): 445. CrossRef

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Original Article

Validity of the Energy Expenditure Prediction Program to Evaluate Energy Expenditure During Work: Dong Mug Kang, Ji Hoon Woo, Jin Sook Jun, Yong Hwan Lee, Byung Mann Cho, Su Ill Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004;16(3):303-315. Published online September 30, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2004.16.3.303

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The Energy Expenditure Prediction ProgramTM (EEPP) has been considered as a simple and quantitative method to evaluate physical work load. However, the adoption of EEPP directly to Korean workers is problematic because it was developed in a laboratory setting for Caucasians. Therefore, this study was conducted to validate EEPP for Korean workers.
METHODS
The study subjects consisted of 60 workers from two factories. Cycle ergometer test was conducted to calculate physical work capacity, and heart rate monitoring was conducted to check heart rate during work. After observing the task, energy expenditure was estimated by EEPP.
RESULTS
EEPP underestimated energy expenditure less than EEHR (energy expenditure checked by heart rate) did(p<0.0001). The factors effecting EEHR were EEPP and task type. After dividing the task into regular and irregular tasks, the irregular task had a larger difference between the values from the two methods. We provided task specific regression models between EEHR and EEPP.
CONCLUSIONS
Because EEPP underestimated energy expenditure, it needs to be adjusted before use with Korean workers. It is suggested that different adjusting equations are formulated for regular and irregular tasks. Further study to develop a specific energy estimation model appropriate for Koreans is needed to obtain more precise estimation.

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Estimation Model of Energy Expenditure of Working in a Clean Room for Manufacturing Embedded Needles by Ergonomic Programs
Tae-Eun Chung
Transactions of the Society of CAD/CAM Engineers.2016; 21(1): 69. CrossRef

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Original Article

Effects of Physical Workload on Salivary Cortisol Level: Dong Mug Kang, Byung Min Son, Sang Baek Koh, Junho Jang, Mia Son, Jongwon Kim, Byung Mann Cho, Su Ill Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004;16(1):57-69. Published online March 31, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2004.16.1.57

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVE: Workload is known to affect the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. Although many studies had revealed that job stress related factors could affect the neuroendocrine system among blue-collar workers, these studies had limitations as they had not evaluated the workload by objective methods which took into consideration individual physiological differences. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of physical workload adjusted job stress on cortisol regulation by using objective tools for workers having various job tasks.
METHODS
Among 110 foundry workers, shipyard workers, and fine machine assemblers for whom saliva samples were obtained, 102 without any past history of conditions that could affect hormonal regulation such as diabetes, and hypertension were included in this study. Among the 102 study participants, 15 workers whose saliva for morning or afternoon or heart rate monitoring data was not attained were excluded from the final analysis. Workload was evaluated by RHR (relative heart rate) using a heart rate monitor, and job stress was evaluated by Karasek's Job Content Questionnaire. Saliva samples were gathered during 8 - 9 am and 5 - 6 pm, and salivary cortisol levels were analysed by radioimmunoassay.
RESULTS
After adjusting several variables which could effect cortisol secretion including job stress, among the higher RHR group morning salivary cortisol level was increased (beta=60.32, S.E.=26.35, p=0.0266), afternoon salivary cortisol level was decreased (beta=-7.43, S.E.=29.73, p=0.8044), and salivary cortisol level difference between morning and afternoon was increased (beta=72.10, SE=35.50, p=0.0509).
CONCLUSIONS
As physical workload increases morning cortisol level, which is caused by the effect of arousal, and decreases afternoon cortisol level, which is caused by exhaustion, physical workload enlarges the width of diurnal cortisol variance. Therefore, physical exhaustion due to excessive workload could have adverse effects on the neuroendocrine system.

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A Review on the Job Stress Measurements in Nuclear Power Plant Workers for Human Error Prevention
Seon Soo Kim, Meiling Luo, Yeon Ju Oh, Yong Hee Lee
Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea.2013; 32(1): 47. CrossRef
Determination of Appropriate Sampling Time for Job Stress Assessment: the Salivary Chromogranin A and Cortisol in Adult Females
Ran-Hi Hong, Yun-Jung Yang, Sang-Yon Kim, Won-Young Lee, Yeon-Pyo Hong
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2009; 42(4): 231. CrossRef
Distribution and determinants of maximal physical work capacity of Korean male metal workers
D. Kang, J.-H. Woo, Y.-C. Shin
Ergonomics.2007; 50(12): 2137. CrossRef

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Original Article

Reliability and Validity of Questionnaire for Assessing Physical Workloads: Dongjun Lee, Dongmug Kang, Sang Baek Koh, Jungwon Kim, Junho Jang, Jongeun Kim, Byungmann Cho, Suill Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2003;15(4):388-400. Published online December 31, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2003.15.4.388

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The aims of the study were to make a questionnaire for assessing physical workloads and to evaluate its reliability and validity.
METHODS
A total of 220 workers (foundry workers 30, large vehicle assemblers 30, shipyard workers 75, and automobile manufacturers 80) completed a self-administered questionnaire and took examinations for physical work capacity and working heart rate. We excluded data with insufficient responses or incorrect physical work capacity and working heart rate. Finally, the data of 154 workers (70.0%) were used for our study. In order to evaluate the reliability and validity of the questionnaire, we used statistical analyses including the scaling assumption test and a comparison with the objective tool for physical workload which was evaluated by working energy expenditure.
RESULTS
The items of the questionnaire in the same categories had close distribution in the evaluation of the scaling assumption. The item internal consistency was 0.41-0.73 for posture factor, and 0.62-0.79 for non-posture factor. The item discriminate validity was 100%. Cronbach's alphacoefficient of the total items was 0.73 (0.58 for posture factor and 0.74 for nonposture factor). In the correlation between working energy expenditure and questions, general physical activity (p=0.008), proportion of the workday with hands above shoulder (p=0.002), proportion of the workday with trunk bent (p=0.028), proportion of the workday with awkward posture (p=0.048), sweating after work (p=0.006), total scales (p=0.003) and Borg scale (p=0.011) all had statistical significance.
CONCLUSIONS
Our questionnaire for assessing physical workloads demonstrated statistically significant reliability and validity. But the questions for the proportions of the workday with sitting work posture and with static posture should be modified via a larger study.

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Joint Laxity Negatively Correlates With Lumbar Disc Degeneration in Young Adults
Tae-Hwan Kim, Hwan-Mo Lee, Seong-Hwan Moon, Dae-Kyung Kwak, Jae Keun Oh, Yong Chan Kim, Moon Soo Park, Federico Bonifacio Alday, Seok Woo Kim
Spine.2013; 38(24): E1541. CrossRef

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Original Article

Stress Related Factors of Physically Disabled Workers in Manufacturing Industry: Min Ye Jung, Chung Yill Park, Jung Wan Koo, Young Man Roh; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2003;15(1):12-25. Published online March 31, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2003.15.1.12

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to measure the stress level of physically disabled workers, and to investigate the relationship between the stress dimensions and stress inducing factors of physically disabled workers in the Korean manufacturing industry.
METHODS
The sample used in this study consisted of 341 physically disabled workers who had been working at companies in Seoul, Inchon, and Gyung-gi provinces. The Psycho-social Well-being Index (PWI), a modified version of Goldberg's 60-items of General Health Questionnaire (GHS), was used to measure the stress level. The following independent and moderate variables were designed for the same purpose. The independent variables were general and disability characteristics, workplace-related characteristics, and job stressor of the respondents. The other variables included organization-related stressors (social and family support) and person related stressors (needs and values, type A behavior pattern, locus of control and demographics), self-esteem and coping strategy. The collected data were analyzed using SAS version 6.12 program.
RESULTS
Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the significant variables on the stress level of physically disabled workers were poor self-perceived health status, low self-esteem, absence of regular exercise, physically disabled condition affecting work performance capability, dependent mobility at home, interpersonal conflict, role conflict and A type behavior pattern.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study suggest that appropriate health promotion program should be established and provided for reducing the stress of physically disabled workers in the manufacturing industry. In addition, various vocational programs for decreasing interpersonal and role conflicts should be developed.

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Effects of Job Demand and Recovery Experience from Job Stress on Job Embeddedness among Workers in the Service Industry
So Yeun Jun, Youn Hyang Lee, Eun Kyung Choi
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2018; 29(2): 143. CrossRef

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Original Article

Relationship between Manufacturing Workers'Job Conditions and Stress: Young A Oh, Myung Sun Lee, Kyung Yong Rhee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2002;14(3):301-314. Published online September 30, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2002.14.3.301

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
In this study we performed an analysis of the stress associated with the working conditions of 6,764 workers based on 'A survey of healthy condition of workers on 1999'by the Korean Occupational Safety and Health Agency. The Purpose of this study was to provide basic data for health education and management for industrial workers'health promotion.
METHODS
Collected data were analyzed using the t-test, ANOVA and multiple regression analysis, using the SPSS 10.0 program.
RESULTS
When the degrees of stress were analyzed according to demographic characteristics, females were found to have higher levels of stress than males (p<0.001). Furthermore, as age was lowered and as the work space became larger, the degrees of a stress were also found to be higher (p<0.001 and p<0.01, respectively). When the degrees of stress were analyzed according to working conditions, longer working hours (p<0.001) and reduced break times (p<0.05), gave rise to higher degrees of stress. Also, as the work space was reduced in size and as the work intensity was augmented, the degrees of a stress were made higher (p<0.01). In terms of physical working conditions, humidity and a lack of sense of security resulted in higher degrees of stress (p<0.01). When the workers sense that their environment is noisy or dusty has poor lighting or ventilation or that the rest room and cafeteria facilities are inadequate, the degrees of stress are found to be higher. As regards the social environment, when the workers sensed that the degree of job demand or job control was higher or that the degree of social support was lower, the degrees of stress were increased (p<0.001). Among those factors which influenced physical stress in the stepwise multiple regression analysis, the primary factor was found to be the safety of the working place (5.1 %). Other factors which influenced physical stress were degree of job demand, age, work intensity, humidity, sexual discrimination, length of working hours, size of work space and the existence or not of a regular break time in this order. Total R2 due to these factors was 12%. Among those factors which influenced mental stress in the stepwise multiple regression analysis, the primary factor was the degree of job demand (4.8 %). Other factors which influenced mental stress were humidity, age, sexual discrimination, the degree of a job control, safety of the working place, degree of social support, a working site, size of the work space, quality of lighting, the existence or not of a regular break time and length of working hours in this order. Total R2 due to these factors was 13.1 %.
CONCLUSIONS
The above results shows that working conditions are strongly related to stress. Furthermore, when both physical and social working conditions are continuously managed and improved, workers may not only reduce their levels of stress but also maximize their working efficiency.

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Impact of Indoor Green in Rest Space on Fatigue Recovery Among Manufacturing Workers
ChoHye Youn, LeeBom Chung, Minji Kang, Juyoung Lee
Journal of Environmental Science International.2024; 33(3): 217. CrossRef
Comparison of Occupational Health Providers' Perception on Workers' Health Promotion Program by Business Types: Focusing on Need, Necessity, Performance, Barriers, and Effectiveness of Program
Young-Im Kim, Bokim Lee
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2016; 25(1): 29. CrossRef
A study of the psychosomatic self-reported symptoms of the dental technology students
Soon-Suk Kwon
Journal of Korean Acedemy of Dental Technology.2013; 35(2): 157. CrossRef
Job Stress of Occupational Health Managers in Chemicals Manufacturing Factories
Ki-Woong Kim, Jin Woo Park, Se Wook Song
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2012; 21(3): 192. CrossRef
Relations between Fatigue and Work-related Factors in Workers
Eun Sook Jung, Nam Hyun Cha
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2011; 22(4): 420. CrossRef
Analysis of the Related Factors on Job Satisfaction in Nursing Officers Using the Structural Equation Model
An-Sook Park, Young-Chae Cho
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2011; 12(10): 4502. CrossRef
Work-related Stress and Risk Factors among Korean Employees
Eun Sook Choi, Yeongmi Ha
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2009; 39(4): 549. CrossRef

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Original Article

Assessment of Job Related Factors as Determinants of Incidence of Herniated Lumbar Disc: Joong Jung Lee, Jong Hak Chung; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2001;13(1):31-43. Published online March 31, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2001.13.1.31

Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
A case-control study was conducted on 2,323 male soldiers(771 herniated nucleus pulposus patients and 1542 controls) to identify risk factors for cumulative trauma disorders especially lower back.
METHODS
The collecting data included individual physical, psychological, and work environmental factors. Korea Military Personality Inventory(KMPI) was used to examine the assess trait that have been associated with clinically with herniated nucleus pulposus. A measurement of the workplace support system was obtained by using of the modified work APGAR, a brief, seven-item workplace function questionnaire.
RESULTS
The herniated nucleus pulposus patients were more common among Artillerymen and Engineer than among infantrymen. In logistic regression analysis of military occupational specialties, Artillerymen, Engineer, radio operator, driver were higher risk of herniated nucleus pulposus than infantrymen. Multivariate analysis of KMPI scales found hypochondriasis scale, hysteria scale, hypomania scale, social introversion scale to have strong relationship to incidence of herniated nucleus pulposus. And 'can communicate with peers' and 'enjoy job task' item of modified work APGAR to have strong relationship to incidence of herniate nucleus pulposus CONCLUSIONS: Study of the relative contributions of many physical and non physical variable shows that evaluations of back problems in workplace that exclude these highly significant work perception and psychosocial variables are of limited value. Simple, unidimensional approaches that ignore the effect of work perceptions and psychological factors on back problems reporting oversimplify a multifaceted problem. These findings emphasize the importance of adopting a broader approach to the multifaceted problem of back complaint in workplace.

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Original Article

The Influence of Smoking, Alcohol Ingestion, and Physical Activity on Copper, Zinc and Ceruloplasmin in Blood of Male Adults: Jin Wan Park, Eun Yong Kang, In Cheol Shin, Byung Sun Choi, Jung Duck Park, Im Won Chang, Yeon Pyo Hong; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1999;11(4):569-578. Published online December 31, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1999.11.4.569

Abstract PDF

Objective : To investigate the influence of smoking, alcohol ingestion, and physical activity on copper and zinc in RBC and serum and serum ceruloplasmin, this study was performed in a cross-sectional study in 113 healthy men aged 20 to 40 years who had no symptomatic liver, heart, gastrointestinal, and other chronic diseases.
METHODS
At the men's entry into the study, blood samples were drawn from each subject and immediately centrifuged for analysis of copper, zinc, iron, ceruloplasmin, total cholesterol, and hematocrit. Each man completed a questionnaire that provided information on smoking, amount of alcohol intake, and physical activity. Partial regres sion analysis was performed on confounding variables such as age, body mass index, hematocrit, serum cholesterol, and serum iron.
RESULTS
In general linear models, adjustment for confounding variables did not show statistical differences, and there was only an increasing tendency in serum copper in heavy smoker (P=0.0678). There was no difference between high physical activity with mild smokers and lower physical activfty with, heavy smokers.
CONCLUSIONS
This study suggested that copper, zinc and eeruloplasmin were not good biomarker for early effect by smoking, alcohol intake and physical activity in young adult. However, selection bias should be considered in evaluation of this result, and a large prospective study will be needed in advance on usefulness of copper, zinc and ceruloplasmin as a marker for risk factors and early change of atherosclerosis.

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Assessment of reference ranges for blood Cu, Mn, Se and Zn in a selected Italian population
Beatrice Bocca, Roberto Madeddu, Yolande Asara, Paola Tolu, Juan A. Marchal, Giovanni Forte
Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology.2011; 25(1): 19. CrossRef

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Original Article

Relationship of Physical Fitness with Age and Body Fat, Work Pattern, Life Style among Male Workers of an Electronic Manufacturing Company: Sang Woo Kim, Pal Su Nam, Wan Seoup Park, Young Yeon Jung, Kuk Hyeun Woo, Young Ha Lee, Seung Ryeol Yoon; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1996;8(3):434-445. Published online December 31, 1996; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1996.8.3.434

Abstract PDF: This is pilot study to evaluate the relationship of physical fitness with age, body fat, work pattern and life style among 20-9 aged male workers (n=417). Physical fitness was measured by maximum oxygen uptake, forced vital capacity, 1 second forced expiratory volume, grip strength, back strength, sit ups and trunk flexion. Life style was self-reported on a questionnaire about regular exercise, smoking, alcohol consumption, coffee consumption, degree of stress, and percent of body fat measured by bioelectrical impedance fat meter. Age was significantly and negatively related to physical fitness except grip strength. Obesity was next to most significant factor for physical fitness, it was associated with maximum oxygen uptake, grip strength, back strength, trunk flexion. Regular exercise was associated with maximum oxygen uptake. Others was insignificantly related to physical fitness. Performance of physical fitness test was significantly correlated with age, obesity and regular exercise.

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Original Article

A Study on Risk Prediction and Prevention Guidelines for CTDs: Dong Hyun Park, Ik Keun Yoon; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1996;8(2):282-300. Published online September 30, 1996; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1996.8.2.282

Abstract PDF: CTDs have been a growing problems for US and European industries with higher incidence rate every year. In our country, we have just Started to recognize and to work on the problems in industry. In this respect, this would be the first ergonomic-based CTD study with medical data. Two automobile part plants were ergonomically and clinically surveyed for this study. Specifically,' 25 jobs from A industry and 51 jobs from B industry were matched with the clinical data. Two types of analysis were conducted. First, ergonomic job evaluation using CTD checklist was done for both industries to figure out the relative risks for each jobs. Second, comprehensive analysis for risk factors regarding CTDs was conducted. It produced mainly two results. First, multiple regression analysis of both worker and work-related factors on total scores based on the results of the'physical examination showed that there was no statistically significant relationships between total scores based on physical examinations and either worker or work-related risk factors. Second, logistic analyses for both factors were done. An user-friendly logistic program was developed for this analysis and for the future analysis of CTD study in the long-run. The program would have even non-expert in statistical package easily manipulate logistic analysis. Based on the logistic analysis, there was no significant relationships between worker related risk factors and all CTD types except marital status. However, there was some significant results in terms of work-related factors. Lateral pinch and ulnar deviations had significant relationship with both all CTD types and CTS. Power grip was associated with all types of CTDs, Tendinitis and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. The cycle time had significant effects only on Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. In conclusion, the first ergonomic-based CTD study has been initiated in Korea. However, it was realized that good overall situation for CTD study in Korea has been before the right time yet. Therefore, futher research on the basis of the framework of this study is strongly suggested to have a complete CTD guidelines in the near future.

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Original Article

A Study on the Cervicobrachial Syndrome among the Microwave-oven Assemblers (II): A Review on the Findings of the Examinations: Jong Park, Yang Ok Kim, So Yeon Ryu, Sang Ho Ha, Byung Gwon Park; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1995;7(2):320-331. Published online October 31, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1995.7.2.320

Abstract PDF

To find the severity and the type of the cervicobrachial syndrome, through physical examinations and laboratory tests were made toward 137 patients complaining the cervicobrachial syndrome (CBS) through the health interview among 313 workers occupied in a microwave-oven assembling factory from December 1993 to February 1994.
Results
were as follows. 1. The prevalence of spontaneous pain was 94.9%, while 78.1% suffered from muscle tenderness, 63.5% suffered from muscle induration and 62.0% showed kinesalgia. 54.7% of patients showed positive cervical X-ray findings and 28.5% showed positive Morley test. 2. The muscle induration was associated with the total duration of the job among female workers. 3. The severity of neck tenderness was negatively correlated with the strength of the grip at both hands, positively correlated with the duration of overtime in male and the severity of the wrist tenderness was negatively correlated with the height in female. 4. X-ray findings, muscle induration, Morley test results, muscle tenderness on the neck and muscle tenderness on the shoulder were associated with subjective symptoms of the workers.5. The muscle tenderness was associated with the number of the complaints at upper extremities among the sufferings in daily life significantly and the electromyogram (EMG) finding was associated with; the number of the complaints: about neuropsychological system among the sufferings in daily life significantly. In conclusion, the results of the physical examination were related with the subjective symptoms of the cervicobrachial syndrome. The muscle induration, the muscle tenderness, cervical X-ray findings and the Morley test results were more useful for the diagnosis of CBS. More efforts to objectify the subjective symptoms were asked.

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Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Korea Provoked by Workers’ Collective Compensation Claims against Work Intensification
Dongmug Kang, Youngki Kim, Young-Il Lee, Sangbaek Koh, Inah Kim, Hoonkoo Lee
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2014;[Epub] CrossRef
Risk Factors of Work-related Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Disorders in Male Shipyard Workers: Structural Equation Model Analysis
Byung-Chan Park, Hae-Kwan Cheong, Eun-A Kim, Soo Geun Kim
Safety and Health at Work.2010; 1(2): 124. CrossRef

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Original Article

Cervicobrachial Disorders of Female International Telephone Operators IV. Laboratory studies: Chung Yill Park, Kyung Hwan Cho, Seung Han Lee, In Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1990;2(1):50-57. Published online February 28, 1990; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1990.2.1.50

Abstract PDF

Twenty eight workers selected through our screening criteria were placed under laboratory and orthopadic studies. The results were as follows : 1. The work duration of a subjects, except one case, amounted to more than 5 years. 2. Serum creatinine phosphokinase and aspartate aminotransferase showed significant linear association with positive questionnaire responses. 3. It was suggested rbaf muscle enzyme, rheumatoid factor, cervical radiogram and orthopaedic physical examination are quite helpful in the diagnosis occupational cervicobrachial disorders. However, the value of elect romyographic study was questioned. 4. Finally, it was found 9 out of 290 female international telephone operators needed active intervention in health management as well as work.

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Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Korea and Japan: A Comparative Description
Eun-A Kim, Minori Nakata
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2014;[Epub] CrossRef

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