Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Original Articles

Association between receiving work communications outside of work hours via telecommunication devices and work-related headaches and eyestrain: a cross-sectional analysis of the 6th Korean Working Conditions Survey: Yoon-Soo Jang, Jae-Han Lee, Na-Rae Lee, Dong-Woo Kim, June-Hee Lee, Kyung-Jae Lee; Ann Occup Environ Med 2023;35:e50. Published online December 1, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2023.35.e50

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Background

The rise in telecommuting or non-face-to-face work owing to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has fueled conversations regarding the “right to disconnect.” Although evidence suggests that receiving work-related communications through telecommunication devices outside of work hours may lead to various symptoms and illnesses, limited research has been undertaken on these symptoms. This study therefore aims to investigate the correlation between receiving work communications through telecommunication devices after work hours and the occurrence of work-related headaches and eyestrain in full-time, non-shift white-collar workers.

Methods

This study used data from the 6th Korean Working Conditions Survey. The frequency of using telecommunication devices for work purposes outside of working hours was divided into five categories: “Every day,” “Several times a week,” “Several times a month,” “Rarely,” and “Never.” Work-related headaches and eyestrain were categorized based on a “yes” or “no” response to the survey questions. Descriptive statistics, χ² tests, and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed using SPSS 27.0.

Results

After adjusting for sex, age, income level, education, occupation, workplace size, work hours, and sleep disorders, the odds ratio (OR) of work-related headaches and eyestrain based on frequency of telecommunication device usage were as follows: “rarely” (OR: 1.292; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.111–1.503), “several times a month” (OR: 1.551; 95% CI: 1.249–1.926), “several times a week” (OR: 1.474; 95% CI: 1.217–1.784), and “every day” (OR: 1.548; 95% CI: 1.321–1.813).

Conclusions

Employees who use telecommunication devices for work after regular hours are more susceptible to experiencing work-related headaches and eyestrain compared to those who do not. However, there is a dearth of research examining the physical and mental health impacts of using telecommunication devices for after-hours work. Furthermore, the existing preventative measures in Korea are insufficient. Consequently, it is imperative to develop effective measures and conduct additional research to address this issue.

근무시간 외 통신기기를 통한 업무 연락 수신과 업무 관련 두통/눈의 피로의 연관성
목적
코로나19의 영향으로 재택근무, 비대면 업무가 증가하면서 “연결차단권”에 대한 논의가 계속되고 있다. 근무시간 외에 통신기기를 통한 업무 연락 수신은 다양한 증상과 질병을 유발할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 그러나 각각의 증상에 대한 연구는 제한적이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 교대근무를 하지 않는 정규직 사무직 근로자를 대상으로 근무시간 외 통신기기를 통한 업무 연락 수신과 업무 관련 두통/눈의 피로 발생 간의 상관관계를 조사하고자 한다.
방법
제6차 한국 근로환경조사의 데이터를 바탕으로 근무시간 외 업무 목적으로 통신기기를 사용하는 빈도를 5가지 항목: "매일", "일주일에 여러 번", "한 달에 여러 번", "드물게”, "전혀 없었음"으로 나누어 조사하였다. 업무 관련 두통/눈의 피로는 "예" 또는 "아니오" 응답에 따라 두 가지 범주로 분류하였다. SPSS 27.0을 사용하여 기술 통계, 카이제곱 검정, 다중회귀분석을 시행하였고, 근무시간 외 업무 목적의 통신기기 사용 빈도에 따른 업무 관련 두통/눈의 피로의 odds ratio를 구하였다.
결과
근무시간 외 업무 목적의 통신기기 사용 빈도에 따른 업무 관련 두통/눈의 피로의 odds ratio는 “드물게”(odds ratio [OR]:1.292, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.111-1. 503), “한 달에 여러 번”(OR:1.551, 95% CI:1.249-1.926), “일주일에 여러 번”(OR:1.474, 95% CI:1.217-1.784), “매일”(OR:1.548, 95% CI:1.321-1.813)로 나타났다.
결론
근무시간 외에 통신기기를 통해 업무 관련 연락을 받는 근로자는 그렇지 않은 근로자에 비해 업무 관련 두통/눈의 피로의 위험이 더 크다. 그러나 근무 시간 외 통신기기를 통한 업무 연락 수신이 근로자의 신체적, 정신적 건강에 미치는 영향을 조사한 연구는 제한적이며, 관련 예방 및 중재 조치 또한 미흡하다. 따라서 해당 분야에 대한 후속 연구 및 실효성 있는 대책 마련이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

Citations

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Managing the Right to Disconnect—A Scoping Review
John Hopkins
Sustainability.2024; 16(12): 4970. CrossRef

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Occupational stress changes and new-onset depression among male Korean manufacturing workers: Jiho Kim, Hwan-Cheol Kim, Minsun Kim, Seong-Cheol Yang, Shin-Goo Park, Jong-Han Leem, Dong-Wook Lee; Ann Occup Environ Med 2023;35:e33. Published online August 17, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2023.35.e33

Abstract Abstract in Korean PDF PubReader ePub: Background
Studies on the association between occupational stress and depression have been frequently reported. However, the cross-sectional designs of studies limited insight into causal associations. In this study, we investigated the longitudinal association between occupational stress and new-onset depression among employees in a single manufacturing plant.
Methods
The annual health checkup data of employees at a manufacturing plant in Korea were collected. A total of 1,837 male employees without depression who completed a health checkup during two consecutive years were included. Occupational stress was measured using a short form of the Korea Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS-SF), and depression was assessed using a Patient Health Questionnaire-2. The association between occupational stress change over the two years and newly developed depression was investigated using two logistic regression models.
Results
Across all sub-factors of KOSS-SF, employees who reported increased occupational stress had a higher risk of new-onset depression. Newly developed depression was significantly associated with job demand (odds ratio [OR]: 4.34; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.37–7.96), job insecurity (OR: 3.21; 95% CI: 1.89–5.48), occupational climate (OR: 3.18; 95% CI: 1.91–5.31), lack of reward (OR: 2.28; 95% CI: 1.26–4.12), interpersonal conflict (OR: 2.14; 95% CI: 1.18–3.86), insufficient job control (OR: 1.93; 95% CI: 1.05–3.56), and the organizational system (OR: 1.84; 95% CI: 1.01–3.36).
Conclusions
For every sub-factor of the KOSS-SF, occupational stress increase and persistent high stress were associated with the risk of developing new-onset depression. Among the seven sub-factors, job demand had the most significant effect. Our results show that occupational stress should be managed to promote employee mental healthcare.; 한국 남성 제조업 근로자의 직무 스트레스 변화와 우울증 발생의 관계
목적
직무 스트레스와 우울증의 연관성에 대한 연구는 지속적으로 보고되고 있다. 그러나 국내 연구는 부족한 실정이며 주로 단면적 분석 설계에 국한되고 있다. 이 연구에서 우리는 단일 제조업 공장의 근로자들에서 직무 스트레스와 새롭게 발병하는 우울증 사이의 종단적 연관성을 조사하였다.
방법
국내 한 제조업 공장 근로자들의 연간 건강검진 자료를 수집하였다. 2년 연속 건강검진을 완료한 이들 중 우울증이 없는 남성은 총 1837명이었다. 직무 스트레스는 Korea Occupational Stress Scale KOSS Short Form (KOSS-SF)으로 측정하였고, 우울증은 Patient Health Questionnaire-2(PHQ-2)로 평가하였다. 1년 간의 직무 스트레스 변화와 새로 발생한 우울증과의 연관성을 로지스틱 회귀 모델을 사용하여 분석했다.
결과
KOSS-SF의 모든 하위 영역에서 직무 스트레스가 증가했다고 보고한 근로자는 새로운 우울증 발병 위험이 더 높았다. 새로 발생한 우울증의 위험은 각각 직무 요구[교차비(OR)=4.34, 95% 신뢰 구간(CI)= 2.37–7.96], 직무 불안정(OR=3.21, 95%CI=1.89–5.48), 직장문화(OR=3.18, 95%CI=1.91–5.31), 보상 부적절(OR=2.28, 95%CI=1.26–4.12), 관계 갈등(OR=2.14, 95%CI=1.18–3.86), 직무 자율성 결여(OR=1.93, 95%CI=1.05–3.56) 및 조직체계(OR=1.84, 95%CI=1.01–3.36) 순이었다.
결론
KOSS-SF의 모든 하위 영역에서 직무 스트레스 증가와 높은 스트레스 상태의 지속은 새로운 우울증 발병 위험과 관련이 있었다. 7가지 하위 영역 중 직무 요구가 가장 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 우리의 결과는 근로자 정신 건강을 증진하기 위해 직무 스트레스를 관리해야 함을 시사한다

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Research Articles

A study of job stress, suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in display manufacturing workers: a cross-sectional study: Seung-hwan Ahn, Yong-Jin Lee, Eun-Chul Jang, Soon-Chan Kwon, Young-Sun Min, Seung-Hoon Ryu; Ann Occup Environ Med 2020;32:e16. Published online June 2, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e16

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Background

This study aimed to investigate the association between job stress and suicide ideation/attempts among display manufacturing workers.

Methods

Data were collected from 836 workers in a display manufacturing company who participated in health screenings from May 22 to June 16, 2017. The data included general characteristics, night work, job tenure, previous physician-diagnosed chronic diseases, suicidal ideation/suicide attempts, and job stress. We investigated suicidal ideation/suicide attempts that covered the past year by using a self-reported questionnaire. Job stress was measured using the 43-item Korean Occupational Stress Scale. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between job stress and suicidal ideation/suicide attempts. The mediator effect of depression on suicidal ideation/suicide attempts was tested using a series of logistic regression by applying Baron and Kenny's mediation method.

Results

In the model adjusting for variables (e.g., age, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, regular exercise, shift work, job tenure, chronic disease and depression), physical environment (OR: 3.60, 95% CI: 1.08–12.02), lack of reward (OR: 5.31, 95% CI: 1.54–18.34), and occupation climate (OR: 7.36, 95% CI: 2.28–23.72) were correlated with suicidal ideation/suicide attempts in women. However, all subscales of job stress were not significantly correlated with suicidal ideation/suicide attempts in men. In mediation analysis, job instability and occupational climate were correlated with suicidal ideation/suicide attempts and were mediated by depression in men workers.

Conclusions

In women workers, the experiences of suicidal ideation/suicide attempts were significantly correlated with the physical environment, lack of reward, and occupational climate that were subscales of job stress. In men workers, depression rather than job stress was correlated with experiences of suicidal ideation/suicide attempts.

Citations

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Relationship between job stress and impaired fasting glucose in male steel industry workers: a cross-sectional study
Hyun-Kyo Lee, Inho Lee, Jisuk Yun, Yong-Jin Lee, Eun-Chul Jang, Young-Sun Min, Soon-Chan Kwon
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
General work stress and suicide cognitions in health-care workers: mediating effect of hopelessness and job satisfaction
Abdulselami Sarigül, Alican Kaya, Izaddin Ahmad Aziz, Murat Yıldırım, Halil Ibrahim Özok, Francesco Chirico, Salvatore Zaffina
Frontiers in Public Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Overview of the suicidal phenomenon in twenty-years autopsies at the Legal Medicine Unit of Pavia
G. Belli, V. Bolcato, J. Quaiotti, D. Cassinari, L. Tarchi, L. Tronconi, S. Damiani, N. Brondino, P. Politi, M. Moretti
Ethics, Medicine and Public Health.2022; 21: 100756. CrossRef

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Longitudinal associations between occupational stress and depressive symptoms: Hyung Doo Kim, Shin-Goo Park, Youna Won, Hyeonwoo Ju, Sung Wook Jang, Go Choi, Hyun-Suk Jang, Hwan-Cheol Kim, Jong-Han Leem; Ann Occup Environ Med 2020;32:e13. Published online May 7, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e13

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Background

Most of the studies that have examined the association between the sub-factors of occupational stress and depressive symptoms have used cross-sectional data. However, our study has longitudinally measured the occupational stress and depressive symptoms of Korean workers of a semiconductor manufacturing company across six years to intending to investigate the associations between the sub-factors of occupational stress and depressive symptoms using longitudinal data.

Methods

Data collected from the workers of a semiconductor manufacturing company. Out of 1,013 recruited workers, 405 (40.0%) completed the survey questionnaires at 3 and 6-year follow-ups. Occupational stress was measured using a shorter version of the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS), whereas depressive symptoms were assessed using the Korean version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depressive Symptoms Scale (CES-D). The data of male and female participants independently analyzed. Longitudinal associations were analyzed using panel data analysis with fixed effects.

Results

In panel data analysis with fixed effects, job insecurity (B = 0.048, p-value = 0.004) was associated with depressive symptoms among male workers. In female workers, inadequate social support (B = 0.080, p-value < 0.001), job insecurity (B = 0.039, p-value = 0.004), lack of reward (B = 0.059, p-value = 0.004) and discomfort in occupational climate (B = 0.074, p-value < 0.001) were associated with depressive symptoms among female workers.

Conclusions

Temporal changes in the sub-factors of occupational stress were associated with changes in depressive symptoms within the same period. There was a gender difference in occupational stress sub-factors related to depressive symptoms.

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P. Padma Sri Lekha, E.P. Abdul Azeez, Arti Singh, C. V. Irshad
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Job stress and chronic low back pain: incidence, number of episodes, and severity in a 4-year follow-up of the ELSA-Brasil Musculoskeletal cohort
Fernanda Corsino Lima Hubner, Rosa Weiss Telles, Luana Giatti, Luciana A. C. Machado, Rosane Harter Griep, Maria Carmen Viana, Sandhi Maria Barreto, Lidyane V. Camelo
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Effects of work-related factors on self-reported smoking among female workers in call centers: a cross-sectional study: Young Joon Yang, Young Hoon Moon, Sang Yoon Do, Chul Gab Lee, Han Soo Song; Ann Occup Environ Med 2019;31:4. Published online February 12, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-019-0286-8

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Objectives

This study conducted to investigate work-related factors in relation to smoking among women working in call centers in Gwangju, South Korea.

Methods

From 56 call centers (7320 employees), we selected 10 and conducted a survey using a structured questionnaire by randomly selecting 10% of workers from each center. A total of 387 subjects participated in this survey We analyzed for 375 respondents, after excluding men and those with missing responses. We analyzed the relationships of work-related factors such as emotional labor, workplace violence, employment type, annual salary, working hours, employment period with smoking, using multiple logistic regression analysis. Emotional labor and workplace violence were measured using the Korean Emotional Labor Scale (K-ELS) and Korean Workplace Violence Scale (K-WVS).

Results

The prevalence of current smoking among call center female workers was 13.6%. Univariate analysis showed that “Emotional disharmony and hurt”, “Experience of psychological and sexual violence from supervisors and co-workers” among items of K-ELS and K-WVS, working hours, annual salary correlated with smoking. After adjusting for emotional labor, workplace violence, employment type, annual salary, working hours, employment period, and age, only working hours show a significant association with smoking. Women who worked 40–49 h had 3.50 times (95% CI = 1.04–11.80) and worked more than 50 h had 8.68 times (95% CI = 1.89–39.78) greater odds of smoking as compared with women who worked less than 40 h.

Conclusions

Smoking was associated with working hours among female workers in call center. However, emotional labor and workplace violence did not show significant relationships with smoking.

Citations

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Smoking in the workplace: A study of female call center employees in South Korea
Hyunjin Oh, Sunjoo Boo, Petri Böckerman
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Effects of changes in occupational stress on the depressive symptoms of Korean workers in a large company: a longitudinal survey: Jaehyuk Jung, Inchul Jeong, Kyung-Jong Lee, Guyeon Won, Jae Bum Park; Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:39. Published online June 8, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0249-5

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Background

Prospective studies on occupational stress and depression among Korean workers are scarce. This study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between changes in occupational stress and the presence of depression.

Methods

This study analyzed data from a survey conducted with workers in a large Korean company (2015–2016). Occupational stress was measured using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale, and depression was screened using the WHO-5 Well-being Index. The levels of occupational stress were grouped in quartiles based on subjects’ occupational stress scores in 2015, and changes in occupational stress were measured using the score changes between the 2015 and 2016 surveys. Subjects were divided into four groups according to the presence or absence of depression in 2015 and 2016: a non-depressed group whose mental health did not change, a non-depressed group whose mental health deteriorated, a depressed group that continued to be depressed, and a depressed group whose symptoms of depression were alleviated. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) of the subjects’ deterioration in mood or alleviation of depression by occupational stress levels and changes.

Results

The OR for developing depressive symptoms was 2.51 (95% CI 1.46–4.33) and 2.73 (95% CI 1.39–5.36) in the third and the fourth quartiles of occupational stress, respectively, compared to the first quartile. When the occupational stress score increased by 1 point, the OR for increasing depressive symptoms was 1.07 (95% CI 1.04–1.10). There was no significant difference in the alleviation of depressive symptoms between the groups by level of occupational stress. However, when the occupational stress score decreased by 1 point, the OR for alleviating depressive symptoms was 1.08 (95% CI 1.05–1.11).

Conclusion

The results showed that increased occupational stress increased the presence of depressive symptoms, and that reduced occupational stress suppressed the development of depressive symptoms. More attention should be paid to stress management among workers.

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A study of job stress, suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in display manufacturing workers: a cross-sectional study
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What causes the experience of discrimination in non-regular workers?: Seong-Hoon Kang, Jin-Ho Song, Tae Hwan Koh, Do Myung Paek, Jong-Tae Park, HoSun Chun; Ann Occup Environ Med 2017;29:35. Published online August 15, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-017-0192-x

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Background

Discrimination based on type of employment against non-regular workers is still a social issue. However, there are few studies on job factors that affect the discrimination experience in each type of employment or the association between discrimination and health impact indicators. This study examined occupational health characteristics according to discrimination experience and relating factors that affect discrimination experience.

Methods

This study used the 4th Korean Working Conditions Survey (2014) provided by the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency. Among the 50,000 workers, 7731 non-regular wage workers were selected as study population. To examine differences in discrimination experience, we used a t-test on occupational risk factors, occupational stress, occupational characteristics, health impact indicators. To identify the factors that affected discrimination experience, we performed binomial logistic regression analysis.

Results

The discrimination experience rate was significantly higher in male, aged less than 40 years old, above high school graduate than middle school graduate, higher wage level, shorter employment period and larger company’s scale. As factors related to discrimination experience, they experienced discrimination more as occupational stress was higher and when they were temporary or daily workers rather than permanent workers, work patterns were not consistent, and the support of boss was low. It showed that physical, musculoskeletal, and mental occupational risk scores and subjective job instability were higher and work environment satisfaction was lower in discrimination experienced group.

Conclusions

The present study showed that the demographic and occupational factors were complexly related to discrimination experience in non-regular workers. The experience of discrimination had increased when occupational stress was higher, they were temporary or daily workers rather than permanent workers, work patterns were not consistent, and their boss’ support was low. Improving various relating factors, (e.g. occupational stresses, employment status and occupational characteristics), this would ultimately expect to improve non-regular workers’ discrimination.

Citations

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‘You are less credible in life, less reliable… people don’t want to give you a chance’ - a qualitative study on the experience of inferiority among non-standard workers in Belgium
Kim Bosmans, Christophe Vanroelen
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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2018; 15(9): 1798. CrossRef

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Factors associated with suicide ideation among subway drivers in Korea: Junsu Byun, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, Hye-Eun Lee, Se-Eun Kim, Jongin Lee; Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:31. Published online August 2, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0120-5

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Background

There were several suicide events of subway drivers in Korea. The aim of this study is to explore work-related factors associated with suicide ideation among subway drivers.

Methods

We analyzed data from 980 male subway drivers. A section of the Korean version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (K-CIDI 2.1) was administered by trained interviewers to judge whether a driver has suicide ideation and to diagnose psychiatric disorders. A questionnaire was also administered to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, work environments, occupational stress, person under train (PUT) experience, and work-related problems. Occupational stress was examined by using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS). Logistic regression was applied to evaluate the association between work-related factors and suicide ideation among subway drivers.

Results

Regarding work-related problems, conflict with passengers and sudden stops due to the emergency bell were significantly associated with suicide ideation. MDD, PTSD, and panic disorder were strongly associated with suicide ideation. In the analysis of occupational stress, insufficient job control (OR 2.34) and lack of reward (OR 2.52) were associated with suicide ideation even after being adjusted for psychiatric disorders and other work-related factors.

Conclusions

Insufficient job control and lack of reward were associated with suicide ideation among subway drivers. Strategies for drivers to have autonomy while working and to achieve effort-reward balance should be implemented. Furthermore, drivers who have experienced negative work-related problems should be managed appropriately.

Citations

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Understanding passenger hostility in transit: a systematic review
Melanie Davis, Graham L. Bradley, Jason I. Racz, Samantha Ferguson, Nicholas J. Buys
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Boris E. Cendales, Viviola Gómez-Ortiz, Sergio A. Useche, Leonor Cedillo, Daryl W.H. Stephenson, Paul Landsbergis
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Suicide Rates and Risks Across U.S. Industries: A 29-Year Population-Based Survey
Ahmed A. Arif, Oluwaseun Adeyemi, Sarah B. Laditka, James N. Laditka
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Hye Jeong Jeon, Kang Seob Oh, Young Chul Shin, Dong Won Shin, Sung Joon Cho, Sang Won Jeon
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The effect of organisational system on self-rated depression in a panel of male municipal firefighters: Se-Jin An, Yun Kyung Chung, Bong Hyun Kim, Kyeong Min Kwak, Jun-Seok Son, Jung-wan Koo, Young-Su Ju, Young-Jun Kwon; Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:1. Published online January 14, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-014-0044-x

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Objectives

The present study evaluated the effects of job stress, including organisational system to self-rated depression through a panel study of male municipal firefighters in the Republic of Korea.

Methods

A panel of 186 municipal firefighters reported self-rated depressive symptoms according to the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The effects of job stress were evaluated using the Korea Occupational Stress Scale, taken one year earlier and classified by the median value. Panel members were classified into Depression or Control groups according to BDI scores, with a cut-off level of ‘over mild depression’ in a follow-up survey.

Results

The Depression group included 17 (9.1%) workers. Firefighters who scored high on occupational system had an 8.3 times greater risk of being assigned to the Depression group than those who had not (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 8.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [1.73–37.22]). In contrast, job stress from a ‘difficult physical environment’ revealed negative risks related to being classified in the Depression group (AOR = 0.20, 95% CI = [0.04–0.92]).

Conclusions

Although the healthy worker effect may be involved, job stress based on perceptions of organisational system was a strong risk factor for depression. A comprehensive approach should be considered that encompasses social issues when assessing or mental health in high-risk groups, as well as the practical issue of physiochemical hazards.

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Association among Working Hours, Occupational Stress, and Presenteeism among Wage Workers: Results from the Second Korean Working Conditions Survey: Sung-Hwan Jeon, Jong-Han Leem, Shin-Goo Park, Yong-Seok Heo, Bum-Joon Lee, So-Hyun Moon, Dal-Young Jung, Hwan-Cheol Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26:6-6. Published online March 24, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-4374-26-6

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

The purpose of the present study was to identify the association between presenteeism and long working hours, shiftwork, and occupational stress using representative national survey data on Korean workers.

Methods

We analyzed data from the second Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS), which was conducted in 2010, in which a total of 6,220 wage workers were analyzed. The study population included the economically active population aged above 15 years, and living in the Republic of Korea. We used the chi-squared test and multivariate logistic regression to test the statistical association between presenteeism and working hours, shiftwork, and occupational stress.

Results

Approximately 19% of the workers experienced presenteeism during the previous 12 months. Women had higher rates of presenteeism than men. We found a statistically significant dose–response relationship between working hours and presenteeism. Shift workers had a slightly higher rate of presenteeism than non-shift workers, but the difference was not statistically significant. Occupational stress, such as high job demand, lack of rewards, and inadequate social support, had a significant association with presenteeism.

Conclusions

The present study suggests that long working hours and occupational stress are significantly related to presenteeism.

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Original Articles

Occupational Stress and MMPI-2 Profile of Workers in Some Plants Undergoing Labor Dispute: Chang Ki Choi, Chul Gab Lee, Han Soo Song, Sang Kon Yoo, Seung Yong Shin, Sul Ha Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2012;24(4):384-396. Published online December 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2012.24.4.384

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
To identify changes in relationships with superiors or colleagues at work and family members and social networks at home, based on occupational stress and psychological characteristics in during the process of restructuring some plants undergoing a long-term labor dispute.
METHODS
This study invested 213 workers involved in a long-term labor dispute using the KOSS (Korean Occupational Stress Scale) and the MMPI-2 (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) and questionnaires. The KOSS and MMPI-2 scores in accordance with aggressiveness of trade union activity and changes in human relationships were compared. In addition, the odds ratio of whether there were differences in health behavior (perception of health status, smoking, alcohol abuse, medical treatment) and the absenteeism rate was calculated by logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS
For members of the aggressiveness of trade union activity group, the rate at which the relationship between superiors or colleagues deteriorated was high, as was the total KOSS score, occupational system and lack of reward score of KOSS subclass. The depression subclass score of MMPI-2 was generally high, while the score of hypochondriasis, hysteria, psychopathic deviate, hypomania was high, and social introversion was low in the active group. In cases in which there were high score of psychopathic deviate, hypomania and paranoia, there were also signs of negative health behavior.
CONCLUSIONS
Occupational stress caused by a long-term labor dispute, accompanied with depression can result in an aggressive, hostile and vulnerable personalities and have a negative impact on health behavior.

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The Differences the Relationship According to Body Part between Occupational Stress and Self-reported Musculoskeletal Disorder Symptoms as Seen in Surveys of Public Office Workers Using VDT: Han Soo Song, Chul Gab Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2012;24(1):20-32. Published online March 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2012.24.1.20

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The investigation of the degree of the relationship according to body part between occupational stress and musculoskeletal symptoms in the neck, shoulder, elbow, and hands of workers performing computer tasks.
METHODS
In August and September 2009, we conducted a survey of 529 public office workers employed by the National Health Insurance Corporation using structured questionnaires in order to find demographic factors, work related factors, job stress, physical computer task load and musculoskeletal symptoms. Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire, Quick DASH (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Score), and the Northwick Park neck pain questionnaire were all used to evaluate their musculoskeletal symptoms. The presence of symptoms segregated by body part determined the dependent variables. The degree of job stress and other confounder variables determined the independent variables. We calculated the odds ratio employing multiple logistic regressions.
RESULTS
A score of > or =5 in the VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) 10-point scale and the presence of symptoms lasting at least 1 week determined the musculoskeletal symptom group in regards to the Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire. The neck pain odds ratio was adjusted by sex, age, work hours, employment duration, physical computer task load and depression. It was determined to be 2.92 (95% CI 1.76~4.84) in the higher to lower occupational stress group. The shoulder pain odds ratio was 1.96 (95% CI 1.18~3.24), elbow pain 0.55 (95% CI 0.21~1.43), and hand pain 1.71 (95% CI 0.99~2.95). A score of > or =10 in the 100-unit scale determined the musculoskeletal symptom group in regards to the Northwick Park neck pain questionnaire and the Quick DASH. The neck symptom odds ratio was 2.73 (95% CI 1.66~4.49) and the upper extremity symptom figure was 2.18 (95% CI 1.29~3.68).
CONCLUSIONS
This study suggests that the relevance between neck and shoulder symptoms and occupational stress was obvious, however the relevance between elbow and hand pain and job stress was not as clear or ambiguous.

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Depressive Symptoms and Their Association with Sleep Quality, Occupational Stress and Fatigue Among Small-Scaled Manufacturing Male Workers: Kyu Sun Lee, Dong Bae Lee, In Sun Kwon, Young Chae Cho; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(2):99-111. Published online June 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.2.99

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
To determine the depressive symptoms and their association with sleep quality, occupational stress and fatigue among small-scale manufacturing male workers.
METHODS
A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 856 workers employed in 62 work places under 50 members of manufacturing industries from April 1st to June 30th, 2010. The questionnaire survey included sociodemographic and health-related characteristics, job-related characteristics, sleep quality (PSQI), occupational stress (KOSS), fatigue symptoms (MFS) and depressive symptoms (CES-D).
RESULTS
Among all subjects, 44.3% were in the depression group (21 points and over in the CES-D score), and it was positively correlated with occupational stress, fatigue and quality of sleep. The adjusted odds ratios for the effect of depression on sleep quality, occupational stress and fatigue were significantly increased in the high risk group compared to that in the normal group. Hierarchial multiple regression analysis revealed that the following factors of influence had combined explanatory powers of 49.3% on depression: marital status, BMI, subjective status of health, leisure time, job position, job tenure, sense of satisfaction in work, quality of sleep, occupational stress and fatigue.
CONCLUSIONS
The study results revealed a very complicated influence exerted on the level of depression by variable factors, as well as sociodemographic characteristics, health related characteristics and job-related characteristics, particularly quality of sleep, occupational stress and fatigue. Especially, the level of depression was more influenced by occupational stress than by quality of sleep and fatigue factors.

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Relationship between Occupational Stress-Emotional Labor and Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Experience of Absence or Early Leave in Some Civil Affairs Officials: Sang Kon Yoo, Chang Ki Choi, Han Soo Song, Chul Gab Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(2):192-202. Published online June 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.2.192

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this study are to identify the relationship between the Korean occupational stress scale (KOSS) and emotional labor, and to study the association between emotional labor and musculoskeletal symptoms, absence or early leave due to physical problems among civil affairs officials.
METHODS
391 public workers who provide social insurance service were analyzed. A structured self-reported questionnaire was used to assess sociodemographics, job stress, emotional labor, musculoskeletal symptoms and the experience of absence or early leave due to physical problems. For a comprehensive understanding of the relationship among these factors, multiple logistic regression analysis was used.
RESULTS
The Pearson coefficient was 0.409 between the job demand of KOSS and the emotional labor score. The odds ratio of musculoskeletal symptoms is 2.32(95% CI: 1.17~4.61), 2.48(95% CI: 1.15~5.33) in the groups of moderate and, high emotional labor score, respectively, compared to the low score group. On the other hand, the odds ratio of the experience of absence or early leave due to physical problems is 2.43(95% CI: 1.24~4.76) and, 3.08(95% CI: 1.44~6.57) in the same groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Emotional labor acts as a factor of job demand of KOSS, and has an effect on musculoskeletal symptoms and absence or early leave among civil affairs officials.

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The Relationship between Occupational Stress and Burnout among Occupational Therapists: Jin Ju Kim, Jae Hoon Roh, Jong Uk Won, Sin Young Lee, Sei Jin Chang; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2010;22(3):173-182. Published online September 30, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2010.22.3.173

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVE: A growing body of research has documented that occupational stress is associated with workers' adverse health outcomes such as mental distress, depression and burnout. This study was performed to identify the relationship between occupational stress and burnout among occupational therapists in Korea.
METHODS
A total of 226 occupational therapists registered in the Korean Association of Occupational Therapist participated in the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess demographics, subjective health status, work-related factors, occupational stress and burnout. Burnout was measured by Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Occupational stressors were assessed using 26-items of the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS-26(R)). This scale consists of items targeting at physical environment, job demand, insufficient job control, interpersonal conflict, job insecurity, lack of reward, organizational system and occupational climate. Simple and multiple regression analyses were performed to investigate the relationship between 8 occupational stressors and burnout, separately. SAS 9.1 version was used for the analyses, and a P<0.05 was considered significant.
RESULTS
The results show that all occupational stressors were associated with burnout after adjustment for control variables. Occupational stressors accounted for from 14.39% (p<0.001, organizational system) to 33.21% (p<0.001, occupational climate) of the variance in burnout.
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that occupational stress might play a significant role in increasing the risk of burnout among occupational therapists.

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The Factors Related to Health-related Quality of Life(HRQOL), and Correlation between Occupational Stress and HRQOL among Municipal Fire Officers in Incheon: Kyungjin Lee, Hyeontaeck Heo, Dongwon Kim, Inah Kim, Sooyoung Kim, Junrae Rho, Sooyoung Jung, Jehyeok Mun; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2009;21(3):267-275. Published online September 30, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2009.21.3.267

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to investigate the factors related to HRQOL, and a correlation between occupational stress and HRQOL among municipal fire officers.
METHODS
In November 2005, 341 male municipal fire officers submitted to the following tests: A general questionnaire, a medical questionnaire, the Korean Occupational Stress Scale Short Form(KOSSSF), and the SmithKline Beecham quality of life scale (SBQOL).
RESULTS
Back pain (OR=3.54, 95% C.I.=1.81-6.93) and occupational stress (OR=6.33, 95% C.I.=3.12-12.83) were significantly related to poor HRQOL scores among municipal fire officers, and there is negative relationship between KOSS-SF score and SBQOL score. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the medium occupational stress group (OR=2.21, 95% C.I.=1.04-4.71) and the high occupational stress group (OR=6.33, 95% C.I.=3.12-12.83) were more significantly associated with poor HRQOL than low occupational stress group.
CONCLUSIONS
Among municipal fire officers, back pain and occupational stress were found to be related to their HRQOL. Based on this study, we suggest that the management of back pain and occupational stress are instrumental to improving the HRQOL among municipal fire officers.

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Association between Occupational Stress and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Symptoms among White-collar Male Workers in an Automotive Company: Kyu Chul Park, Kyung Jong Lee, Jae Beom Park, Kyoung Bok Min, Kyu Won Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2008;20(3):215-224. Published online September 30, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2008.20.3.215

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
To investigate the relationship between occupational stress and depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among white-collar male workers in an automotive company.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study involving 286 white-collar male workers was conducted with the Korean Occupational Stress Scales (KOSS) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) questionnaire.
RESULTS
According to the DASS cut-off value (> or =78 percentile scores), the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms was 57.7%, 37.7% and 42.2%, respectively. By logistic regression analysis, organizational system was the factor most strongly associated with depression (OR=4.83, 95% C.I.=2.43-9.58), while job demand was strongly associated with anxiety (OR=3.21, 95% C.I.=1.77-5.85) and stress (OR=4.66, 95% C.I.=2.53-8.58).
CONCLUSIONS
Occupational stress was positively associated with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among white-collar male workers in an automotive company. A prospective study is warranted to delineate the causal relationships between job stress and psychiatric disorders.

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The Association of Occupational Stress with Self-perceived Fatigue in White Collar Employees: Kyoung Tae Cha, Il Whoi Kim, Sang Baek Koh, Sook Jung Hyun, Jun Ho Park, Jong Ku Park, Bong Suk Cha, Sei Jin Chang; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2008;20(3):182-192. Published online September 30, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2008.20.3.182

Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
& OBJECTIVES: A growing body of research has documented that occupational stress is closely associated with increased risk of fatigue. This study was conducted in an effort to assess the relationship of occupational stress to self-perceived fatigue among Korean white collar employees.
METHODS
Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project, 2002-2004). Among them, a total of 4,502 white collar employees were recruited. A structured questionnaire was employed to evaluate the participants' sociodemographics, job-related factors, health-related behaviors, occupational stress, and self-perceived fatigue. Occupational stress and self-perceived fatigue were assessed using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale-Short form (KOSS-SF) and the Multidimensional Fatigue Scale (MFS), respectively.
RESULTS
In logistic regression analyses, occupational stress was associated with an increased risk of fatigue, and some domains of occupational stress had different effects on fatigue by gender (job demand, job insecurity, and lack of reward for men, job demand, lack of reward, and discomfort in occupational climate for women), which indicates that occupational stress may perform a slightly different role in increasing the risk of fatigue by gender.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study suggest that occupational stress is a determinant predictor of selfperceived fatigue. Thus, a stress management program for the reduction of occupational stress, and the promotion of white collar worker's health and quality of life is strongly recommended. Some limitations of this study and considerations for future studies were also discussed.

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The Relationship between Occupational Stress and Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Call Center Employees: Jongwan Yoon, Kyungjin Yi, Sooyoung Kim, Janggyun Oh, Jungtack Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2007;19(4):293-303. Published online December 31, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2007.19.4.293

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
An era of deindustrialization has begun in Korea after the industrial development that occurred up until the 1990's. Post industrialization dictates the development of the service industry and information technology with the associated musculoskeletal disorders in such industries. The association between musculoskeletal symptoms and psychosocial factors has been investigated by several researchers. The aims of this study was to characterize the relationship between musculoskeletal symptoms and psychosocial factors including occupational stress and depressive symptoms, and to provide basic data to group health practices for the prevention of musculoskeletal symptoms in the service industry.
METHODS
Musculoskeletal symptoms, depressive symptoms and occupational stress were surveyed in 311 female call center employees. The prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms, depressive symptoms and occupational stress scores were assessed. The odds ratio of the high risk occupational stress group into musculoskeletal symptom group was assessed in an effort to determine the associations between occupational stress and musculoskeletal symptoms.
RESULTS
The overall prevalence of musculoskeletal and depressive symptoms was 53.7% and 20.6% respectively. The high risk occupational stress group of the total scores (p=0.049), physical environment (p=0.022), job demand (p=0.014) and interpersonal conflict (p=0.032) to musculoskeletal symptom were significant. The depression group was also significant (p=0.015). The adjusted odds ratio of the high risk stress group into the musculoskeletal symptom group inclusion was 1.687 (95% CI; 1.014~2.808) for the physical environment, and 1.948 (95% CI; 1.031-3.683) for depression.
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, the relationship between musculoskeletal symptom and the psychosocial factors was not significant. Only the physical environmental stress factor and depression showed marginal significance, which suggests the possibility of an increased risk of musculoskeletal symptoms. However, since the group in this study was a homogeneous occupational population, further study with a reference group will be needed.

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Mohamad Mehdi Sahraei, Mehdi Molavi Verdanjani, Alireza Soltanian, Mahnaz Khatiban
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Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2008; 51(12): 1111. CrossRef

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Occupational Stress in Relation to Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Disease: Longitudinal Analysis from the NSDSOS Project: Chang Kook Hwang, Sang Baek Koh, Sei Jin Chang, Chong Yon Park, Bong Suk Cha, Sook Jung Hyun, Jun Ho Park, Kang Myoung Lee, Kyoung Tae Cha, Woo Jin Park, Hyung Joon Jhun; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2007;19(2):105-114. Published online June 30, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2007.19.2.105

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This prospective study was performed to investigate the association between occupational stress and the development of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases.
METHODS
A total of 8,429 employees were selected from a nationwide sample, proportional to both the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification. A structured self-reported questionnaire was used to access the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, health behavior and work related characteristics. 43-items of the full version of Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) were used to access the participants occupational stress. New cases of hospitalization due to cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases were evaluated using medical utilization files received from the National Health Insurance Corporation for the period of March 2004 to December 2005. A logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between occupational stress and cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases.
RESULTS
43 new cases of hospitalization due to cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases were found. According to the results of the logistic regression analysis, job stressors were related with circulatory diseases after adjustment for gender, age, number of workers, employment type, shift work, smoking, alcohol intake, and regular exercise. Of the 8 subscales, insufficient job control (Adj. RR 2.802; 95% CI 1.038-7.564) and occupational climate (Adj. RR 2.365; 95% CI 1.087~5.143) were significantly associated with cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases. However, no significant relationships were found between the 6 KOSS subscales and cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite the short-term follow-up of about two years, the KOSS subscales of insufficient job control and occupational climate were significantly associated with cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases.

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Occupational Stress on Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases and Metabolic Syndrome: Jung Jin Cho, Ji Yong Kim, Jung Soo Byun; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2006;18(3):209-220. Published online September 30, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2006.18.3.209

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between occupational stress and cardiovascular risk factors including metabolic syndrome in a working population.
METHODS
A cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted among Koreans working in several industries. They were questioned about: demographic factors, marital status, education, personal history, alcohol intake, smoking, and physical activity , while their occupational stress was assessed using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS). The subjects were measured for height, weight, blood pressure, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and LDLcholesterol. Regression analyses to determine the relationships between occupational stressors using KOSS and cardiovascular risk factors were performed using multivariate models with adjustment for potential confounders.
RESULTS
A total of 2,097 workers (1,770 men and 327 women) were included. Multiple logistic regression analysis (socio-demographics and potential confounders) demonstrated a positive association between high interpersonal conflicts and hypertension, a negative association between high job insecurity and diabetes and no association between any KOSS subscale and metabolic syndrome and obesity. Multiple linear regression, adjusted for socio-demographics and potential confounders demonstrated a negative association between low HDL-cholesterol and poor physical environments, high job demand and poor job insecurity and no association between lipid profiles and other KOSS sub-scales.
CONCLUSIONS
A few KOSS sub-scales such as interpersonal conflicts showed a positive association with hypertension in Korean workers. Neverthelsss, some measures of occupational stress showed a negative association with diabetes and HDL-cholesterol in cross-sectional population-based survey. We therefore decided to conclude this association by longitudinal study.

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Developing an Occupational Stress Scale for Korean Employees: Sei Jin Chang, Sang Baek Koh, Dongmug Kang, Seong Ah Kim, Myung Geun Kang, Chul Gab Lee, Jin Joo Chung, Jung Jin Cho, Mia Son, Chang Ho Chae, Jung Won Kim, Jung Il Kim, Hyeong Su Kim, Sang Chul Roh, Jae Beom Park, Jong Min Woo, Soo Young Kim, Jeong Youn Kim, Mina Ha, Jungsun Park, Kyung Yong Rhee, Hyoung Ryoul Kim, Jeong Ok Kong, In Ah Kim, Jeong Soo Kim, Jun Ho Park, Sook Jung Huyun, Dong Kook Son; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;17(4):297-317. Published online December 31, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2005.17.4.297

Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
AND PURPOSES: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and METHODS: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002- 2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Fortythree items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories.
RESULTS
We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2018; 48(4): 432. CrossRef
The mediation effect of PTSD, perceived job stress and resilience on the relationship between trauma exposure and the development of depression and alcohol use problems in Korean firefighters: A cross-sectional study
Johanna Inhyang Kim, Heyeon Park, Jeong-Hyun Kim
Journal of Affective Disorders.2018; 229: 450. CrossRef
Stress, Satisfaction, and Competency of Hospital Pharmacy Preceptors under the New Pharmacy Program in South Korea
Heenam Seo, Kyungwoo Ryu, Subin Lee, Jinyong Noh, Hyeno La, Eunyoung Kim
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education.2018; 82(8): 6351. CrossRef
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Dan Wang, Xueqing Wang, Nini Xia
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International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health.2017; 23(4): 261. CrossRef
Safety Climate and Occupational Stress According to Occupational Accidents Experience and Employment Type in Shipbuilding Industry of Korea
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The relationship between serum vitamin D levels and sleep quality in fixed day indoor field workers in the electronics manufacturing industry in Korea
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Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
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Safety Science.2017; 98: 89. CrossRef
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Korean Journal of Stress Research.2017; 25(1): 30. CrossRef
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Journal of Advanced Nursing.2017; 73(9): 2065. CrossRef
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Psychiatry Investigation.2017; 14(4): 434. CrossRef
Mental Health Status of Correctional Officers in Correctional Institutions
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Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association.2017; 56(1): 20. CrossRef
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Journal of Advanced Nursing.2017; 73(4): 905. CrossRef
Nationwide firefighter survey: the prevalence of lower back pain and its related psychological factors among Korean firefighters
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International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics.2017; 23(4): 447. CrossRef
The Impact of Sleep Disorder and Job Stress on Turnover Intention of Shift-Working Nurses
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Korean Journal of Stress Research.2017; 25(4): 255. CrossRef
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Asian Nursing Research.2017; 11(1): 6. CrossRef
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Effects of 8 Weeks of Circuit Exercise Training on Body Composition, Physical Fitness, Stress Index, and Atherogenic Index in Bus Drivers
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The Korean Journal of Physical Education.2017; 56(2): 553. CrossRef
Clinical Nurses' Job Stress, Emotional labor, Nursing Performance, and Burnout in Comprehensive Nursing Care Service Wards and General Wards
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2017; 23(3): 336. CrossRef
Factors associated with metabolic syndrome among Korean office workers
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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2017; 14(8): 878. CrossRef
Long and short sleep duration are both associated with suicidal ideation in Korean employees
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Sleep and Biological Rhythms.2017; 15(1): 81. CrossRef
Investigation of Subcategories according to the Level of Job Stress in Medical Technologist
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The Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science.2017; 49(1): 48. CrossRef
Influence of Experiencing Verbal Abuse, Job Stress and Burnout on Nurses' Turnover Intention in Hemodialysis Units
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2016; 22(2): 189. CrossRef
The Impacts of Job Stress and Job Embeddedness on Presenteeism among Container Terminal Workers
Ji Hyun Lee, Eun Kyung Choi, Hyang Ok Oh, Hye Kyung Moon, Sang Min Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2016; 27(1): 31. CrossRef
The mediating effect of emotional intelligence between emotional labour, job stress, burnout and nurses' turnover intention
Eunyoung Hong, Young Sook Lee
International Journal of Nursing Practice.2016; 22(6): 625. CrossRef
Impact of Working environment on Psychological Well-being in Male Baby boomers
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Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2016; 30(1): 17. CrossRef
Analysis of stress, musculoskeletal disorders, and fatigue among broadcasting actors
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Journal of Physical Therapy Science.2016; 28(11): 3047. CrossRef
Association of Job Stress with Health-promoting Behaviors and Health Status in Clinical Nurses
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Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2016; 25(4): 311. CrossRef
Impact of Job-stress on Fatigue Among 119 Rescue Workers
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Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2016; 17(4): 433. CrossRef
Converged Study of Influencing Factors on Occupational Stress in Workers
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Journal of the Korea Convergence Society.2016; 7(3): 15. CrossRef
Job Stress and Mental Health of Female Household Head Workers
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Relationships between Occupational Stress, Burnout and Job Satisfaction of Physician Assistants
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Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2016; 30(1): 122. CrossRef
The Effects of an Online Mind-Body Training Program on Stress, Coping Strategies, Emotional Intelligence, Resilience and Psychological State
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PLOS ONE.2016; 11(8): e0159841. CrossRef
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Journal of the Korea Convergence Society.2016; 7(3): 87. CrossRef
The Effect of High-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Occupational Stress among Health Care Workers: A Pilot Study
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The Effects of Occupational Stress and Musculoskeletal Symptoms on Health-Related Quality of Life in Female Labor Workers
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Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.2016; 26(2): 210. CrossRef
A Study on Relationship between Interpersonal Relation, Communication Skills and Work-related Stress in Physical Therapists
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Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information.2016; 21(2): 123. CrossRef
Psychological factors influence the overlap syndrome in functional gastrointestinal disorders and their effect on quality of life among firefighters in South Korea
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Journal of Digestive Diseases.2016; 17(4): 236. CrossRef
Factors related to heart rate variability among firefighters
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Risk factors associated with musculoskeletal symptoms in Korean dental practitioners
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Journal of Physical Therapy Science.2016; 28(1): 56. CrossRef
A study on the relationship between job stress and nicotine dependence in Korean workers
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Temperament and Character Traits, Heart Rate Variability and Occupational Stress in New Nursing Employees
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Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association.2016; 55(3): 271. CrossRef
Factors associated with the occurrence of functional dyspepsia and insomnia in shift-working nurses
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Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2016; 17(7): 629. CrossRef
The Convergence Influence of Emotional Labor of clinical dental hygienist working on Job stress. -Focused on Mediating Effects of Self Esteem-
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Journal of the Korea Convergence Society.2016; 7(6): 67. CrossRef
Effects of Dysfunctional Customer Behavior, Job Stress and Stress Copying on Job Satisfaction in Insurance Solicitors
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Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2016; 17(9): 578. CrossRef
Association between job stress and occupational injuries among Korean firefighters: a nationwide cross-sectional study
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BMJ Open.2016; 6(11): e012002. CrossRef
The Influence of Job Stress of Care Workers on Customer Orientation
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The Korean Journal of Health Service Management.2016; 10(3): 173. CrossRef
The Influence of Job Stress and Calling on the Organizational Commitment of Nurses: Focused on Clinical Nurses at University Hospitals in Busan
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The Korean Journal of Health Service Management.2016; 10(3): 27. CrossRef
The Effect of Safety-Aisle on the Perception of Safety-Related Variables in the Small Sawmilling Industry
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Journal of the Korean Society of Safety.2016; 31(3): 109. CrossRef
Convergence Relationship between Occupational Stress and Fatigue Symptoms among Blue Collar Workers in Manufacturing Plants
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Journal of the Korea Convergence Society.2016; 7(1): 57. CrossRef
Workplace Bullying, Job Stress, Intent to Leave, and Nurses’ Perceptions of Patient Safety in South Korean Hospitals
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Nursing Research.2016; 65(5): 380. CrossRef
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International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health.2016; 22(4): 315. CrossRef
Job stress and mental health among nonregular workers in Korea: What dimensions of job stress are associated with mental health?
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Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health.2016; 71(2): 111. CrossRef
Factors associated with suicide ideation among subway drivers in Korea
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Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
The Impact of Job Stress on Smoking and Cessation of Hospital Male Employee
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Journal of the Korean Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco.2016; 7(1): 19. CrossRef
Relationship between Job Stress and Fatigue Symptoms among Manufacturing Male Workers
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The association of relational and organizational job stress factors with sleep disorder: analysis of the 3rd Korean working conditions survey (2011)
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Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Analysis of the Influence of Human Nature Factors, Mental Health Factors and Fatigue on Occupational Stress among Hospital Administrative Staff Using a Structural Equation Model
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Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of the Expanded Nursing Stress Scale
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Influencing factors of self-reported dry mouth in the employees in social welfare facilities
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Factors associated with Problem Drinking in Korean Male Employees for Drinking Motivation, Job Stress, and Drinking Refusal Self-efficacy
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Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2015; 24(1): 48. CrossRef
Moderating Effect of Stress Coping Strategies on the Relationship between a National Statistics Office Workers' Occupational Stress and Mental Health
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Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association.2015; 54(4): 587. CrossRef
The effect of organisational system on self-rated depression in a panel of male municipal firefighters
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Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
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Safety Science.2015; 77: 160. CrossRef
The Effects of Job Stress, Depression, and Psychological Happiness on Job Satisfaction of Office Workers
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The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2015; 21(4): 490. CrossRef
The Convergence Study on the Relationship between the Job Stress and Mental Health of Nurses
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Effects of sleep quality and occupational stress on health-related quality of life among a university's security workers
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Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2015; 32(3): 73. CrossRef
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High Occupational Stress and Low Career Satisfaction of Korean Surgeons
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Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
Musculoskeletal Disorder Symptoms and Its Related Factors among Male Workers in Manufacturing Industries
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Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(10): 6627. CrossRef
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Journal of dental hygiene science.2015; 15(5): 679. CrossRef
Effects of an internet-based lifestyle intervention on cardio-metabolic risks and stress in Korean workers with metabolic syndrome: A controlled trial
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Patient Education and Counseling.2015; 98(1): 111. CrossRef
Structural Equation Modeling on Health Status in Hospital Nurses: Based on the Theory of Salutogenesis With Bio Behavioral Approach
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Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2015; 17(1): 50. CrossRef
Anxiety symptoms and occupational stress among young Korean female manufacturing workers
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Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
Occupational Stress and Emotional Intelligence in Hospice Volunteers
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The Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care.2015; 18(2): 112. CrossRef
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Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2015; 24(4): 352. CrossRef
Occupational stress and related factors among surgical residents in Korea
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Characteristics and Factors Associated with Problem Drinking in Male Workers
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Asian Nursing Research.2015; 9(2): 132. CrossRef
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2015; 21(3): 287. CrossRef
An examination of work exhaustion in the mobile enterprise environment
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Technological Forecasting and Social Change.2015; 100: 255. CrossRef
Job Stress, Coping Type, and Job Satisfaction in Firefighters
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Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2015; 24(4): 323. CrossRef
Resilience buffers the impact of traumatic events on the development of PTSD symptoms in firefighters
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Journal of Affective Disorders.2014; 162: 128. CrossRef
A Management Approach of the Construction Accidents Based on Assessing the Job Stress of Korean and Foreign Construction Laborers
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Journal of the Korean Society of Safety.2014; 29(5): 88. CrossRef
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Correlation between Fatigue and Quality of Life Caused by Stress of Researchers' Work
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Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2014; 23(3): 171. CrossRef
Comparing Stress Perception and Leisure Type Preference between South Korean Smoking and Nonsmoking Casino Employees
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International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction.2014; 12(5): 618. CrossRef
Occupational Stress of Women Workers in Service Industries depending on Their Working Conditions
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Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2014; 23(2): 89. CrossRef
The relationship between job stress and service quality, and the moderating effect of organizational justice
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Journal of the Korea Safety Management and Science.2014; 16(3): 389. CrossRef
Comparative Analysis of Work Stress Assessment Tools for Estimating Human Work Performance
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Journal of the Korean Society of Safety.2014; 29(6): 144. CrossRef
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Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2014; 23(1): 20. CrossRef
The Effects of Aroma Inhalation Method with Roll-on in Occupation Stress, Depression and Sleep in Female Manufacture Shift Workers
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Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2014; 15(5): 2903. CrossRef
Job Stress and Musculoskeletal Disorder in Seoul City's School Foodservice Employees
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Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2014; 23(4): 245. CrossRef
Relationships of Job Stress, Fatigue & Depression among one Ship-building Supply Workers
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Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2014; 15(5): 2789. CrossRef
Factors Affecting Tuberculosis (TB) Control Nurses' Job Satisfaction
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Systematic analysis of tobacco treatment interventions implemented in worksite settings
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Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2014; 26(2): 149. CrossRef
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Job Stress and Job Satisfaction of Estimators in Korean Construction Company
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Applied Mechanics and Materials.2014; 501-504: 2646. CrossRef
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Measuring stress with questionnaires
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Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2013; 56(6): 485. CrossRef
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The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences.2013; 8(9): 1373. CrossRef
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Job Stress, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment of Customized Home Health Care Nurse
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Journal of the Korean Surgical Society.2013; 84(5): 261. CrossRef
Effect of Workplace Bullying and Job Stress on Turnover Intention in Hospital Nurses
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