Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Original Article

Associations of chronotype and insomnia with menstrual problems in newly employed nurses at university hospitals in the Republic of Korea: Han-Na Jung, Dongwhan Suh, Woo Chul Jeong, Jia Ryu, Yu-Mi Kim, Seohyun Yoon, Hyunjoo Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2023;35:e30. Published online August 4, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2023.35.e30

Abstract Abstract in Korean PDF PubReader ePub: Background
Dysmenorrhea and menstrual cycle changes occur in women working shifts. Circadian rhythm disruption and sleep disturbances associated with shift work leads to health problems. We identified chronotypes and the occurrence of insomnia among newly employed university hospital nurses and investigated the association of these factors with menstrual problems.
Methods
We conducted pre-placement health examinations for shift workers using self-reported questionnaires between 2018 and 2020. A total of 463 nurses were included in the study. Sociodemographic data, shift work experience, and information on insomnia were collected from health examination data. In addition, details regarding chronotype, dysmenorrhea, irregular and abnormal menstrual cycles, amenorrhea, and contraceptive use were obtained from the questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to study the association between chronotype, insomnia, and menstrual problems after controlling for age, body mass index, contraceptive use, amenorrhea, and prior shift work.
Results
The prevalence rates of dysmenorrhea, irregular menstrual cycles, and longer menstrual cycles were 23.8%, 14.9%, and 4.1%, respectively. The risk of dysmenorrhea increased in the evening-type (odds ratio [OR]: 3.209; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.685–6.113) and those with insomnia (OR: 1.871; 95% CI: 1.074–3.261). Additionally, the risk of an irregular menstrual cycle (OR: 2.698; 95% CI: 1.167–6.237) increased in the evening-type, and the risk of a longer menstrual cycle (OR: 4.008; 95% CI: 1.354–11.864) increased in individuals with insomnia.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that dysmenorrhea is promoted in the evening-type and insomnia individuals. There may be an increased risk of irregular menstrual cycles among evening-type nurses and an increased risk of longer menstrual cycles among those with insomnia. Therefore, factors such as evening-type and insomnia should be considered for the prevention of menstrual problems in women performing shift work.; 대학병원 신입 간호사에서 수면 관련 요인과 월경 건강과의 연관성
목적
이 연구는 간호사의 건강증진을 위한 효과적인 전략을 개발하는 데 있어 근거자료를 제공하는 것을 목적으로 하며, 구체적으로 일주기리듬 유형(크로노 타입) 및 불면 증상과 월경 건강 관련 문제들과의 연관성을 파악하였다.
방법
연구 대상자는 야간작업에 대한 배치 전 건강진단을 받은 두 개 대학병원에서 근무 중인 463명의 신규 간호사이다. 배치 전 건강진단 자료에서 연령, 체질량지수, 흡연, 음주, 운동 정도, 이전 교대 근무 경험 여부, 불면 증상에 대한 정보를 확보하였다. 일주기 리듬 유형, 피임방법 사용 여부, 무월경 경험, 월경통 및 월경주기의 규칙성과 간격에 대한 정보는 설문조사로 확인하였다. 연령, 체질량지수, 피임방법 사용 여부, 무월경 경험, 교대 근무 경험을 통제하여 일주기리듬 유형 및 불면 증상의 월경 건강 관련 문제들에 대한 위험비를 산출하기 위해 다중 로지스틱 회귀 분석을 수행하였다.
결과
월경곤란증, 불규칙한 월경주기, 긴 월경주기의 유병률은 각각 23.8%, 14.9%, 4.1%였다. 월경통에서 저녁형 일주기리듬 유형의 오즈비가 저녁형 외 일주기리듬 유형 그룹에 비해 3.209배(95% C.I. 1.685-6.113) 높았고, 불면 증상이 있다면 1.871배 (95% C.I. 1.074-3.261) 높았다. 또한 저녁형 일주기 리듬은 월경주기 간격이 불규칙한 경우에(오즈비 2.698 95% C.I. 1.167-6.237), 불면 증상이 있다면 40일 이상의 긴 월경 주기에(오즈비 4.008 95% C.I. 1.354-11.864) 각각 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다.
결론
우리 연구 결과로 저녁형 일주기리듬 유형 간호사에서 월경통과 불규칙 월경 이상이 관찰될 확률이 더 높고, 불면 증상이 있는 집단에서 월경통과 긴 월경주기가 증가할 가능성을 유추할 수 있다. 저녁형 일주기리듬과 불면 증상 같은 요인들은 여성 근로자의 월경 건강에 악영향을 미치는 경로를 연구하는 데 있어 고려해야 할 것들 중 하나가 될 수 있다.

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Original Article

Relationship between chronotype and depressive symptoms among newly hired hospital nurses in the Republic of Korea: Semi Lee, Han-Na Jung, Jia Ryu, Woo-Chul Jung, Yu-Mi Kim, Hyunjoo Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2022;34:e32. Published online October 31, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2022.34.e32

Abstract Abstract in Korean PDF PubReader ePub

Background

This study was conducted to examine the relationship between chronotype and depressive symptoms to provide grounded knowledge in establishing nurses’ health promotion strategies.

Methods

The subjects of this study were 493 newly hired nurses working in 2 general hospitals within the university from September 2018 to September 2020. Sociodemographic and work-related characteristics were collected from a medical examination database and a self-reported questionnaire. These included sex, age, marital status, living situation, education level, alcohol consumption, physical activity, prior work experience before 3 months, workplace, and departments. To analyze the associations between the chronotype and depressive symptoms, multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs).

Results

Among participants, 9.1% had depressive symptoms and 16.4% had insomnia. The subjects are divided into morningness (30.2%), intermediate (48.7%), and eveningness (21.1%). The multiple logistic regression analysis controlling for age, living status, education level, alcohol consumption, physical activity, workplace, prior work experience before 3 months, and insomnia, revealed that the OR of depressive symptoms in the eveningness group was 3.71 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.50–9.18) compared to the morningness group, and the R² value was 0.151. It also can be confirmed that insomnia symptoms have a statistically significant effect on depressive symptoms (OR: 2.16, 95% CI: 1.03–4.52).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that evening-type nurses are more likely to have depression than morning-type nurses. We should consider interventions in a high-risk group such as the evening type nurses to reduce depressive symptoms in nurses.

신입 간호사에서 일주기리듬 유형과 우울 증상의 관련성
목적
이 연구는 간호사의 건강증진 전략 수립에 기초 지식을 제공하기 위해 일주기리듬 유형(크로노타입)과 우울 증상의 관련성을 살펴보기 위해 수행되었다.
방법
연구대상은 2018년 9월부터 2020년 9월까지 2개 대학병원에 근무하는 신입간호사 493명이었다. 사회인구학적 특성과 업무관련 특성은 건강검진 데이터베이스와 자기보고식 설문지를 통해 성별, 연령, 결혼 여부, 생활 상황, 교육 수준, 음주, 신체 활동, 3개월 내 업무 경험, 직장 및 부서 등에 대한 정보를 수집하였다. 일주기리듬 유형과 우울 증상 간의 연관성을 분석하기 위해 연령, 생활수준, 학력, 음주, 신체활동, 직장, 직장경력, 불면증 등을 통제한 다중 로지스틱 회귀 분석을 수행하였다.
결과
참가자의 9.1%가 우울 증상이 있었고, 16.4%가 불면 증상이 있었다. 일주기리듬 유형은 아침형(30.2%), 중간형(48.7%), 저녁형(21.1%)으로 구분하였다. 앞서 언급한 혼란 변수를 모두 통제한 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과 저녁시간 집단의 우울 증상의 오즈비는 3.71(95% C.I. 1.50- 9.18) 아침형 그룹과 비교하여 R 제곱값은 0.151이었다. 또한 불면증 증상도 우울 증상에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다 (OR = 2.16(95% C.I. 1.03-4.52)).
결론
우리 연구는 저녁형 간호사가 아침형 간호사보다 우울증에 걸릴 확률이 더 높다는 점을 시사한다. 간호사의 우울 증상을 줄이기 위해 저녁형 일주기리듬유형을 가진 간호사와 같은 고위험군에 대한 개입을 고려해야 한다.

Citations

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Relationship between mid-sleep time and depression, health-related quality of life, and sleep deprivation in the 2018 Korea Community Health Survey
Mee-Ri Lee, Sung Min Jung, Seung Hee Choi, Hyeonji Hwang, Youngs Chang, Young Hwangbo
Chronobiology International.2024; 41(1): 1. CrossRef
Factors associated with chronotype, job burnout, and perceived stress among nurses in Chinese tertiary hospitals: A multicenter cross-sectional study
Lijun Li, Xingxing Wang, Jian Zhou, Min Liu, Sha Wang, Yi Zhou, Yuxuan Li, Yue Kang, Jianfei Xie, Andy S. K. Cheng
Chronobiology International.2024; 41(7): 1058. CrossRef
Is evening chronotype associated with higher alcohol consumption? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Rafaela Sirtoli, Gabriel Dionisio Gotardo Mata, Renne Rodrigues, Vicente Martinez-Vizcaíno, José Francisco López-Gil, Camilo Molino Guidoni, Arthur Eumann Mesas
Chronobiology International.2023; 40(11): 1467. CrossRef
Mediation analysis of chronotype, sleep-related factors, and depressive symptoms among workers: a cross-sectional study
Seo Young Kim, Hyo Jeong Kim, Seong-Sik Cho, Min Young Park, Mo-Yeol Kang
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

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Research Article

The association between serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels and job-related stress among female nurses: Seunghyeon Cho, Won-Ju Park, Wonyang Kang, Hyeong-Min Lim, Ji-Sung Ahn, Dae-Young Lim, Jai-Dong Moon; Ann Occup Environ Med 2019;31:e18. Published online August 14, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2019.31.e18

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) is an endogenous steroid hormone produced by the adrenal gland. DHEAS has been suggested to play a protective role against psychosocial stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between job-related stress and blood concentrations of DHEAS according to occupational stress factors among female nurses.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 118 premenopausal nurses from 4 departments (operating room, emergency room [ER], intensive care unit, and ward) of a university hospital. Participants were all rotating night shift workers who have worked for over a year and mean age of 33.5 ± 4.8 years. Data from structured questionnaires including the Korean Occupational Stress Score, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used.

Results

In the high job-related stressor group, scores of BDI, BAI, and PSQI were significantly higher than low-stressor group. ER nurses had relatively more work-burden related stressors, but they had significantly lower levels of anxiety and depression than other groups. And, ER nurses showed higher levels of DHEAS than the other department nurses. The differences were significant (p = 0.003). Additionally, there was a statistically significant difference even after adjusting for factors that could affect level of DHEAS, such as age, body mass index, drinking, and physical activity (p = 0.039).

Conclusions

This result suggests the possibility that DHEAS may play a role as a marker of proper stress management. The capacity to secrete DHEAS is not simply due to workload or job stressor but could be determined depending on how individuals and groups deal with and resolve stress. Proper resolution of stress may affect positive hormone secretion.

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Research Article

Differences in the performance of health officers at the workplace according to their qualifications: Yeong-Kwang Kim, Jin-Ha Yoon, Wanhyung Lee, Jihyun Kim, Sung-Shil Lim, Jong-Uk Won; Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:35. Published online May 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0246-8

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Background
Health officers are an integral part of the occupational health service, and there have been studies to identify and improve the role of health officers in the workplace in order to improve the level of health care in the workplace. This study aimed to determine the contribution of health officers to the role of a health officer as prescribed by law and the percentage of health management work performed during work according to their qualifications.
Methods
Questionnaires were distributed to a total of 4584 workplaces where health officers were hired, and a total of 806 copies (17.58%) were returned. Of these, 336 questionnaires were finally analyzed, after excluding questionnaires missing the main variables. Using the data, the difference of role contributions and the percentage of health care work performed during the whole day according to the qualification of the health officer was analyzed.
Results
Nurses were highly rated in the field of medical care, and industrial hygienists and air environmental engineers were highly rated in terms of chemicals and risk factor management. The percentage of health care work performed during the whole day differed according to the size of the workplace and industrial classification, but it was generally the lowest among air environmental engineers.
Conclusions
Health officers play a very different role in the workplace depending on their qualification, and they need support for areas of other qualification. In order to effectively manage the health of the staff at a workplace, it is necessary to consider the development of a support system for small- and medium-sized enterprises and adjust the conditions of employment of the health officer according to the law.

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Research Article

Effects of shift work on abdominal obesity among 20–39-year-old female nurses: a 5-year retrospective longitudinal study: Gyeong-Jin Lee, Kunhyung Kim, Se-yeong Kim, Jeong-Ho Kim, Chunhui Suh, Byung-Chul Son, Chae-Kwan Lee, Junghye Choi; Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:69. Published online December 5, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0148-6

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background

This study aimed to investigate the effects of shift work on abdominal obesity among young and middle-aged female nurses during a 5-year retrospective study.

Methods

This retrospective study included female nurses (20–39 years old) who worked at a university hospital in Korea and had available health screening results from 2010–2015. Among 2,611 employees, 934 healthy 20–39-year-old female nurses were identified, and data regarding their demographic information (age and date of employment), waist circumferences (WC), and lifestyle factors (alcohol and exercise) were obtained. Abdominal obesity was defined as a WC of ≥80 cm, based on the World Health Organization’s Asia-West Pacific standard in 2000. The mean WC change from baseline was analyzed using the paired t test, and the association between shift work and abdominal obesity was analyzed using the generalized estimating equation.

Results

Compared to all day workers (both age groups), the 20–29-year-old nurses did not exhibit significant changes in WC at each follow-up. However, among the 30–39-year-old nurses, shift workers exhibited a significant change in WC (vs. baseline) during years 4 and 5, compared to day workers. After adjusting for effective confounders and stratifying the participants according to age, the 20–29-year-old nurses exhibited an odds ratio of 3.21 (95 % confidence interval: 1.29–7.98) for shift work-associated obesity, although the odds ratio for the 30–39-year-old nurses was not statistically significant.

Conclusion

In the study population, shift work was associated with a significant change in mean WC among 30–39-year-old nurses, and the shift work-associated risk of abdominal obesity was significant among 20–29-year-old nurses. These results indicate that shift work may influence abdominal obesity differently in 20–29-year-old and 30–39-year-old female nurses.

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Research Article

Risk factors of musculoskeletal symptoms in university hospital nurses: Eunkwang Ryu, Byeongjin Ye, Youngil Yi, Jungwon Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26:47. Published online November 4, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-014-0047-7

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to investigate musculoskeletal symptom prevalence in university hospital nurses and explore the relation between musculoskeletal symptom prevalence and work related factors.

Methods

A structured questionnaire was conducted with 620 nurses in a university hospital to look into the characters of responsibility and musculoskeletal symptom prevalence. The questionnaire respondents numbered 534, so the response rate was 86.1%. Among the respondents, three who gave insincere answers were excluded. The final study population was 531 respondents. ANSI Z-365 checklist was applied to look into ergonomic characteristics, and Korean Occupational Stress Scale Short Form was employed to measure job stress.

Results

In the case of the whole body, symptom prevalence amounted to 70.8%. Regarding each body region, shoulder symptom prevalence accounted for the highest, or 44.8%, waist 40.7%, and neck 33.3% in order. According to multiple logistic regression analysis, in the case of the whole body, the group with a high ANSI checklist grade had odds ratio of 3.59 (95% CI 1.48 ~ 8.76), and the group with high job stress had 3.19 (95% CI 2.01 ~ 5.07).

Conclusion

Regarding the occupational factors related to musculoskeletal symptoms of university hospital nurses, it was found that ANSI Z-365 checklist high risk group, total job tenure, department, shiftworks, and job stress had high relation with musculoskeletal symptoms. It is necessary to find an ergonomic solution and a stress reduction plan to prevent musculoskeletal disease.

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Research Article

Relationship between Psychosocial Risk Factors and Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders among Public Hospital Nurses in Malaysia: Nur Azma Amin, Rusli Nordin, Quek Kia Fatt, Rahim M Noah, Jennifer Oxley; Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26:23-23. Published online August 9, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-014-0023-2

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objective

This study examined the relationships between psychosocial work factors and risk of WRMSDs among public hospital nurses in the Klang Valley, Malaysia.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study among 660 public hospital nurses. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on the occurrence of WRMSDs according to body regions, socio-demographic profiles, occupational information and psychosocial risk factors. 468 questionnaires were returned (response rate of 71%), and 376 questionnaires qualified for subsequent analysis. Univariate analyses were applied to test for mean and categorical differences across the WRMSDs; multiple logistic regression was applied to predict WRMSDs based on the Job Strain Model’s psychosocial risk factors.

Results

Over two thirds of the sample of nurses experienced discomfort or pain in at least one site of the musculoskeletal system within the last year. The neck was the most prevalent site (48.94%), followed by the feet (47.20%), the upper back (40.69%) and the lower back (35.28%). More than 50% of the nurses complained of having discomfort in region one (neck, shoulders and upperback) and region four (hips, knees, ankles, and feet). The results also revealed that psychological job demands, job strain and iso-strain ratio demonstrated statistically significant mean differences (p < 0.05) between nurses with and without WRMSDs. According to univariate logistic regression, all psychosocial risk factors illustrated significant association with the occurrence of WRMSDs in various regions of the body (OR: 1.52–2.14). Multiple logistic regression showed all psychosocial risk factors were significantly associated with WRMSDs across body regions (OR: 1.03–1.19) except for region 1 (neck, shoulders and upper back) and region 4 (hips, knees, ankles, and feet). All demographic variables except for years of employment were statistically and significantly associated with WRMSDs (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The findings indicated the high prevalence of WRMSDs in many body regions, and the risks of developing WRMSDs according to the various body regions were associated with important psychosocial risk factors based on the job strain model. These findings have implications for the management of WRMSDs among public hospital nurses in the Klang Valley, Malaysia.

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Original Article

The Relationship between Hospital Departments and Risk of Developing Tuberculosis among Nurses Working at a University Hospitalin Korea: Retrospective Cohort Study: Jin Ha Yoon, Sung Soo Oh, Ki Hyun Lee, Sung Kyung Kim, Je Ho Oh, Chung Se Won, Sei Jin Chang, Bong Suk Cha, Ae Yong Eom, Sang Baek Koh; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(1):64-70. Published online March 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.1.64

Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
To investigate the occurring characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) among nurses working at a university hospital in Korea.
METHODS
A retrospective cohort study was conducted using medical records from a university hospital. A total of 351 nurses without any pulmonary disease were enrolled during 2000~2007, and were followed up until October 2010. To compare with the incidence of TB between occupational subgroups, workplaces were divided into high and low TB-exposure risk departments. For statistical analysis, the relative risks for TB incidences between departments were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models and mean incidences were estimated with person-time years.
RESULTS
Seven cases of TB were observed during 2001 person-years. Five and two cases were observed in the high and low TB-exposure risk departments, respectively. The relative risk of TB infection in the high TB-exposure risk departments were 6.52 (95% CI, 1.26~33.60) compared to that in the low TB-exposure risk department. The mean incidence of TB in the total nurses was 0.350% per person-year.
CONCLUSIONS
According to the concept of occupational and environmental medicine, high TB-exposure risk departments were more likely to be at increased risk of tuberculosis.

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Original Article

The Reliability and Validity of the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R) for Nurses for the Assessment of Workplace Bullying: Woong Nam, Ji Won Kim, Yong Kyu Kim, Jung Wan Koo, Chung Yill Park; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2010;22(2):129-139. Published online June 30, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2010.22.2.129

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to assess the reliability, the validity, the psychological characteristics, and the internal structure of the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R) for nurses for the assessment of the workplace bullying.
METHODS
A total of 190 female nurses who worked in a university hospital and who had participated in an annual health surveillance program were recruited into the study. A structured questionnaire was used to evaluate each participant's workplace bullying, job stress, and psychosocial wellbeing. Workplace bullying was assessed using the negative acts questionnaire-revised (NAQ-R), job stress was assessed using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale-Short Form (KOSS-SF) and psychosocial wellbeing was assessed using the Psychosocial Wellbeing Index-Short Form (PWI-SF). Resulting answers from the questionnaires were analyzed by chi-square, ANOVA, correlation analysis, and factor analysis.
RESULTS
Victims of workplace bullying of nurses in a hospital is 37(19%) based on operational bullying criteria. The Cronbach's alpha for the negative acts questionnaire-revised (NAQ-R) is 0.9260. By exploratory factor analysis, we conclude that 3 factor are most relevant. Criterion validity was satisfied with that a negative acts questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R) resulting in a statistically significant and positive relationship with PWI-SF , construct validity was satisfied with that NAQ-R has statistically significant and high positive correlation with the occupational climate of the KOSS results.
CONCLUSIONS
The negative acts questionnaire-revised (NAQ-R) is a reliable and valid tool for the assessment of workplace bullying in the hospital nurse. By using this tool, we can imply the prevalence of and the condition of workplace bullying among the nurse.

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Original Article

An Association among Verbal Abuse, Social Support and Turnover Intention for Special Unit Nurses in a Hospital: Hyeon Sook Kim, Hyeon Woo Yim, Seung Hee Jeong, Sun Jin Jo; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2009;21(4):388-395. Published online December 31, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2009.21.4.388

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
Nurses' turnover has a negative influence on the nursing staff, as well as on the hospital organization as a whole. In an effort to reduce the turnover of nurses, the conditions causing turnover intentions can be identified and managed. The research is conducted to identify the association among verbal abuse, social support, and turnover intentions for special unit nurses.
METHODS
A survey was conducted in 105 registered nurses who worked in the following areas at Kyonggi province hospital: operating room, intensive care unit, and anesthesia department. The questionnaires included questions in the following areas: verbal abuse by doctors, supervisors, and colleagues social supports by supervisors and colleagues and turnover intention. The survey was distributed and analyzed based on nurses' responses.
RESULTS
Operating room nurses had the highest turn over intentions. The verbal abuse by doctors and supervisors were highest in the operating room. Verbal abuse by supervisors had a significantly positive association with turnover intentions. Verbal abuse by doctors and by colleagues was not associated with the intention to leave. Finally, the social support by supervisors had a significant negative association with turnover intentions. Social supports by colleagues did not affect turnover intentions.
CONCLUSIONS
For nurses working at special units, verbal abuse and social support by supervisors had a significant association with turnover intentions. It is important for supervisors to make an effort to reduce nurses' turnover intentions by reducing verbal abuse and by increasing social support.

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Original Article

The Relationship between Job Stress and Psychosocial Stress among Nurses at a University Hospital: Hwan Cheol Kim, Keun Sang Kwon, Dai Ha Koh, Jong Han Leem, Sin Goo Park, Joo Youn Shin, Yeui Cheol Lee, Yong Kyu Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2006;18(1):25-34. Published online March 31, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2006.18.1.25

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between job stress and psychosocial stress among nurses at a university hospital in Incheon, Korea.
METHODS
A questionnaire survey was administered to 476 nurses, of which 320 (67.2%) questionnaires were returned and 299 (62.8%) were regarded as containing reliable data for analyses. A structured self-reported questionnaire was used to assess each respondent's sociodemographics, sleep quality, physical burden, job stress and psychosocial stress. Seven domains of occupational stress (e.g., Job demand, Insufficient job control, Interpersonal conflict, Job insecurity, Lack of reward, Organizational system and Occupational climates) according to the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) were used and psychosocial stress was measured using Dr. Chang's PWI-SF (Psychosocial Well-being Index-Short Form). We estimated the relation of job stress to psychosocial stress using univariate and logistic regression analyses.
RESULTS
The logistic regression analyses indicated that the groups with high stress in 'Insufficient job control' (OR=2.67, 95% C.I.=1.37-5.23), 'Interpersonal conflict' (OR=2.32, 95% C.I.=1.19-4.51), 'Job insecurity' (OR=2.51, 95% C.I.=1.17-5.36), 'Organizational system' (OR=2.80, 95% C.I.=1.39-5.63), and 'Lack of reward' (OR=2.98, 95% C.I.=1.55-5.74) were more likely to experience high psychosocial stress.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results tend to suggest that job stress is associated with psychosocial stress. The importance of job stress should be acknowledged and stress management programs need to be instigated to minimize the psychosocial stress caused by job stress.

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Original Article

The Relationship between Job Stress and Needlestick Injury among Nurses at a University Hospital: Hwan Cheol Kim, Yong Kyu Kim, Yeui Cheol Lee, Joo Youn Shin, Jee Na Lee, Jong Han Leem, Shin Goo Park; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;17(3):216-224. Published online September 30, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2005.17.3.216

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between job stress and needlestick injury the nurses at a University hospital in Incheon, Korea.
METHODS
A questionnaire survey was conducted targeting 476 nurses, of which 320 (67.2%) questionnaires were returned and 256 (53.8%) were regarded as being reliable data for analyses. We estimated the relation of job stress to needlestick injury using univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses.
RESULTS
One hundred sixty-five nurses (64.5%) had suffered at least one needlestick injury (included sharp injuries) during the previous year. After adjusting for potential confounders, we found that the high job control group was less likely than the other group to experience needlestick injury (OR=0.51, 95% CI=0.27-0.97). Job demand and social support, however, were unrelated to needlestick injury. The high job strain group was more likely to experience needlestick injury (OR=2.57, CI=1.13-5.83) than the low job strain group.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results tend to suggest that nurses who were in the low job control or high job strain status were more likely to suffer a high rate of needlestick injury.

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Factors associated with needlestick and sharp injuries among hospital nurses: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey
Eunhee Cho, Hyeonkyeong Lee, Miyoung Choi, Su Ho Park, Il Young Yoo, Linda H. Aiken
International Journal of Nursing Studies.2013; 50(8): 1025. CrossRef
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Kyung-Jae Lee, Joo Ja Kim, Jeung-Im Kim
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Jung-Yeon Hong, Jung-Wan Koo
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Original Article

Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Related Factors for Nurses and Radiological Technologists Wearing a Lead Apron for Radiation Protection: Jung Im Yoo, Jung Wan Koo; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004;16(2):166-177. Published online June 30, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2004.16.2.166

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
To determine the complaint rates of musculoskeletal symptoms and understand the related factors of musculoskeletal symptoms in nurses and radiological technologists wearing a lead apron for radiation protection.
METHOD
The study subjects were 192 nurses and radiological technologists who work at the cardiac catheterization room or angioroom in the department of radiology. A self-recording questionnaire was used to investigate the general characteristics, occupational characteristics, characteristics related to wearing a lead apron, and subjective musculoskeletal symptoms designed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
RESULTS
Complaint rates of musculoskeletal symptoms by NOISH were 51.0% in the upper /lower back, 49.0% in the shoulder, and 47.9% in the leg/knee/ankle. From multiple logistic regression analysis, musculoskeletal symptoms of the shoulder were influenced by two-piece type apron and long time wearing an apron, symptoms of upper/lower back by long time wearing an apron, sex, higher average working hours per a day and short resting time, symptoms of leg/knee/ankle by long time wearing an apron, working career at the present department (cardiac catheterization room or angioroom) and short resting time.
CONCLUSION
The complaint rates of the musculoskeletal symptoms were affected by the characteristics of wearing a lead apron for radiation protection such as wearing time and apron type. Therefore, it is suggested that the workers who are wearing an apron need the proper wearingtime and resting time, and suitable apron type and size for the body.

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Original Article

Effects of Shiftwork on Sleep Patterns of Nurses: S S Hwang, S B Hong, Y W Hwang, E J Hwang, J U Hwang, R G Hwang, H Y Hwang, J G Park, Y S Ju, S J Lee, J H Sung, D H Kang, S H Cho, D R Yun; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998;10(1):1-8. Published online February 28, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1998.10.1.1

Abstract PDF

Industrialization has introduced various working systems into the modern society. Shiftwork is a good representative among those. So far various adverse health effects, possibly caused by this shiftwork, have mainly been reported in the fields of manufacturing industry by many other researchers , sleep disorders, gastrointestinal disorders and cardiovascular disorders and so on. These health effects were thought to be caused by the changes of circadian rhythm on shiftworking. This study was especially planned to evaluate effects of shiftwork on sleep disorders among shift-working medical manpower like hospital nurses, important persons dealings with lives, and ultimately to provide them with basic evidence for improving work environment. The study subjects were arbitrarily selected among shift-working female nurses and day-working female pharmacists in one university hospital in Seoul, and finally 79 nurses and 58 pharmacists were enrolled. The research was conducted by using self administered questionnaire, consisting of items about socio-behavioral factors including demographic factors which can affect sleep patterns and questions which make it possible to evaluate sleep disorders (e. g. sleeping duration, sleep latency, re-sleep latency, days of insomnia per week, drug use for sleep, and subjective symptoms). The result showed that the shiftworkers had significantly longer sleep and re-sleep latency, more days of insomnia, and a stronger likelihood of using drugs when they had sleep difficulty than day-working pharmacists. And the number of nightshift duties per month was discovered as the only significant predictor of sleep latency. Additionally, the subjective symptoms related to sleep disorders when awake and at work, showed negligible differences between the shiftworkers and dayworkers. In conclusion, we found shiftwork was risk factor for sleep disorders.

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Kyeong-Sook Choi, Seong-Kyu Kang
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S87. CrossRef

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Original Article

A Study on the Handling Patterns of Anticancer Drugs and Related Symptoms in Nurses: Hae Sook Shin, Se Hoon Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1996;8(2):228-238. Published online September 30, 1996; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1996.8.2.228

Abstract PDF

To evaluate the subjective symptoms; among nurses handling anticancer drugs, we investigated symptom prevalence in 487 nurses exposed to anticancer drugs and 242 control nurses, who are working at 14 university hospitals in Korea by self-administered questionnaire. Safety regulations for handling anticancer drugs in these hospitals as well as the level of knowledge on safety .rules of them among nurses were also evaluated, The results were as follows: 1. Only 1.5% of nurses used. the biological safety cabinet always, 32.7% could not use it during evening time and on holidays, and 65.8% could not use at all since lack of it. When nurses prepared anticancer drugs, they wore gloves (49.1%), gown (7.2%), goggle (1.6%), and mask (11. 5%). And. 46.1% of them answered that they ate and drank in the anticancer drugs preparation room. 2. The level of knowledge on safety rules of anticancer drugs were generally low in both exposed (12.7/17 items) and control (12.7/17 items) group. The questions which nurses answered wrong exceeded fifty percent were: the possibility of exposing to anticancer drugs when they correct their make-ups; and when they handled body fluids of cancer patients. Only 20.3%. of the, nurses were acknowledged with the hours for the cancer patients' body fluids being considered to be contaminated after receiving chemotherapy. 3. The prevalence of allergic disease was higher in exposed group than in control group. Among 43 symptoms of total, the prevalence of 10 symptoms (nausea, skin rash, itching, chronic throat irritation, tachycardia, alopecia, skin hyper pigmentation, loss of libido, leukopema, thrombocytopenia) were higher in exposed group than in control group. 4. The prevalence of ten symptoms which showed higher prevalence in exposed group was significantly correlated with eating, and drinking in the preparation room for anti cancer drugs, the degree of skin contact with anticancer drugs, and the amount of anticancer handling them, and BML It was shown that eating and drinking in anticancer drug preparation room, and the amount of handling them, significantly affected the prevalence of 10 symptoms among nurses exposed after stepwise multiple regression analysis. The results of this study suggest that nurses handling anticancer drugs have potential risk of exposure to anticancer drugs, and the preventive measures for the protection of nurses' health be needed by education, and improvement of their working environment.

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Bokyoung Kim, 윤지향, Kim,Myung-Hee, 이상림, 김성민
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Original Article

Relationship between an amount of Key Tasks and Job Satisfaction among Caregivers and Nurses in Elderly Care Facilities: Hiruta, Shuichi , Shimaoka, Midori , Tatsumi, Asami , Ono, Yuichiro , Iida, Tadayuki , Hori, Fumiko; Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26(1):24-24.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-014-0024-1

Abstract: OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study is to examine relationship between an amount of key tasks and job satisfaction among caregivers and nurses in elderly care facilities.
METHODS
Questionnaires were mailed to the caring staff of elderly care facilities. After data collection (return rate 70%), information about work situations and health conditions were analyzed among 325 female workers, who were classified to 4 groups as follows; (1) caregivers under 40 years of age (2) caregivers of 40 years or over (3) nurses under 40 years of age (4) nurses of 40 years or over.
RESULTS
Mean ages and length of career in caring sector were 37.2 +/- 12.2 yr and 4.5 +/- 3.0 yr for caregivers and 41.6 +/- 9.2 yr and 16.8 +/- 8.9 yr for nurses, respectively. A larger amount of care services were done on average by workers being dissatisfied with their job than by the satisfied workers in each of the 4 groups. The dissatisfied caregivers under 40 years showed significantly higher frequencies (as ratios of 1.4 - 2 to 1) in several care services such as "helping with showers or baths", "helping with eating", "changing diapers", "moving caretakers from bed or chair to wheelchair or vice versa", as compared with the satisfied caregivers under 40 years. Similarly, the 40 plus dissatisfied caregivers helped caretakers sit up in bed significantly more frequently. For nurses, on the other hand, "changing diapers" was found as the only service with a significant difference in frequency between the dissatisfied and the satisfied, but that was limited in the 40 plus age group. A frequency of "changing diapers" was associated with an increase in the risk of job dissatisfaction.
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggested that an appropriate amount of each key task in elderly care facilities should be set to prevent staff\'s dissatisfaction with their job from growing excessively.

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