Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Original Article

Relationship between organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides and metabolic syndrome in Korean farmers: Sungbeom Kim, Sangchul Roh, Min-Gi Kim, Jeongbae Rhie, Jisue Yoon, Sun-In Moon; Ann Occup Environ Med 2024;36:e23. Published online September 20, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2024.36.e23

Abstract Abstract in Korean PDF PubReader ePub: Background
The global use of pesticides steadily increased until the early 2010s. Pesticides play a significant role in agriculture in Korea. Metabolic syndrome is more prevalent in rural areas than in urban areas. This study explored the potential association between organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticide exposure and metabolic syndrome.
Methods
This study enrolled 1,317 individuals who participated in the Pesticide Exposure and Intoxication Study conducted by the Dankook University Hospital Center for Farmers’ Safety and Health from 2014 to 2019. Urinary levels of dimethylphosphate, dimethylthiophosphat, diethylphosphate, and diethylthiophosphate were measured to assess organophosphate pesticide exposure and urinary levels cis-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid, trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid, cis-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid, and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid were measured to assess pyrethroid pesticide exposure.
Results
The odds ratio for the 4th quartile group of organophosphate metabolites concentration was 1.48 (95% confidence interval: 1.06–2.09) compared to the 1st quartile group after adjustment for general factors. In addition, a positive trend was observed across the quartile groups of organophosphate metabolites concentration. A positive trend was noted across the quartile groups of organophosphate metabolites in males, while no significant association was observed in females. Furthermore, no significant associations were observed between metabolic syndrome and pyrethroid metabolites concentration.
Conclusions
A positive correlation was observed between the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and the concentrations of urinary organophosphate metabolites, consistent with previous research finding. This association may be attributed to the action of organophosphates as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, stimulating beta cells in the islets of Langerhans. This can lead to alterations in lipid metabolism and insulin resistance, ultimately leading to metabolic syndrome development. Metabolic syndrome is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease; therefore, it is necessary to identify the risk factors unique to rural areas, such as pesticide exposure.; 한국 농업인의 유기인계 및 피레스로이드계 농약과 대사증후군 간의 관계
목적
농약 사용량은 2010년대 초까지 전세계적으로 꾸준히 증가하였으며, 농약은 한국 농업에서 중요한 부분을 차지하고 있다. 대사 증후군은 농촌 지역에서 도시 지역에 비하여 높은 유병률을 보인다. 유기염소계 농약과 대사 증후군 사이의 관련성은 일부 연구된 바 있으나, 다른 종류의 농약 노출과 대사 증후군 사이의 관련성에 대한 연구는 제한적이다. 따라서 본 연구는 유기인계 및 피레스로이드계 농약의 노출과 대사 증후군 사이의 관련성을 조사하고자 한다.
방법
2014년부터 2019년까지 단국대학교병원 농업안전보건센터에서 실시한 농약 노출 및 중독 연구에 참여한 1,317명을 대상으로 연구를 진행하였다. 유기인계 농약 노출 평가를 위해 DMP, DMTP, DEP, DETP의 소변 농도를 측정하였고, 피레스로이드계 농약 노출 평가를 위해 cis-DCCA, trans-DCCA, DBCA, 3-PBA의 소변 농도를 측정하였다. 다변량 로지스틱 회귀분석을 시행하여 농약 노출과 대사증후군 유병률 사이의 관계를 조사하였다.
결과
유기인계 대사체 농도에 따라 4분위 그룹으로 분류하였을 때, 4분위 그룹의 대사증후군 유병률이 오즈비 1.66(95% CI 1.22-2.28)으로 1분위 그룹에 비하여 높았다. 또한, 유기인계 대사체 농도와 대사증후군 유병률은 유의한 경향성을 보였다. 피레스로이드계 대사체 농도에 따라 4분위 그룹으로 분류하였을 때, 3분위 그룹의 대사증후군 유병률이 오즈비 1.51(95% CI 1.11-2.07)로 1분위 그룹에 비하여 높았다. 피레스로이드계 대사체 농도와 대사증후군 사이에 유의한 경향성은 나타나지 않았다.
결론
유기인계 농약 대사체 농도와 대사 증후군의 유병률 사이에 양의 상관 관계가 관찰되었으며, 이전 연구 결과를 보충하는 결과로 나타났다. 대사 증후군의 유병률이 증가하는 기전은 불분명하나, 유기인계 농약은 acetylcholinesterase inhibitor로 작용하므로 랑게르한스 섬의 베타 세포를 자극하고 이에 따른 지질 대사 및 인슐린 저항성의 변화로 인해 나타날 수 있을 것으로 추정된다. 대사 증후군은 심혈관 질환의 주요 원인 중 하나이며, 농촌 지역에서는 의료 접근이 비교적 취약하며 농약과 같은 특수한 위험 요인이 있기 때문에 이러한 위험 요인들을 식별하고 예방하여야 한다.

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Original Article

The relevant factors of work-related fatigue for occupational vibration-exposed employees: YongDuk Ahn, Jeongbae Rhie, Min-Gi Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2022;34:e6. Published online March 22, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2022.34.e6

Abstract Abstract in Korean PDF PubReader ePub: Background
To date, little is known about the effects of factors linked to work-related fatigue on vibration-exposed workers. Thus, the purpose of this study was (1) to assess the effects of vibration exposure time per week and work-related fatigue on workers and (2) to identify factors associated with work-related fatigue caused by long-term exposure to occupational vibration.
Methods
This study used data collected from the 5th Korean Working Conditions Survey. A total of 34,820 non-vibration-exposed and 10,776 vibration-exposed employees were selected from the data. The χ² and multiple logistic regression were used to determine the effect of vibration exposure time per week and the effects of factors of work-related fatigue on workers.
Results
The prevalence of work-related fatigue in vibration-exposed workers (30.5%) was higher than that of non-exposed workers (15.9%). The prevalence of work-related fatigue was higher for female and workers with depression, anxiety, and shift work, and those with authority to control their work pace had statistically significantly higher odds than those who did not. The employees who had the authority to control their order of work (odds ratio [OR]: 0.88; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.81–0.95) and method of work (OR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.82–0.98) had statistically significantly lower odds than those who did not. The OR of work-related fatigue symptoms was highest among employees whose vibration exposure time per week were 30.0%–40.0% (OR: 2.36; 95% CI: 1.96–2.83). Lower OR was observed as vibration exposure time per week decreased.
Conclusions
The results of the present study suggest an association between occupational vibration and work-related fatigue and longer vibration exposure time per week, causing an increased prevalence of work-related fatigue symptoms. Measures to protect workers exposed to occupational vibration from work-related fatigue must be taken.; 직업성 진동 노출 근로자들의 업무 관련 피로
목적
상대적으로 관련성이 상세히 밝혀진 근골격계와 비교하여, 직업성 진동에 노출된 근로자에 대한 업무 관련 피로에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대해서는 아직 알려진 바가 많지 않다. 본 연구의 목적은 (1) 주당 진동 노출 시간과 업무 관련 피로가 근로자에게 미치는 영향을 평가하고 (2) 직업적 진동에 장기간 노출되어 발생하는 작업 관련 피로와 관련된 요인을 파악하는 것이다.
방법
본 연구는 제5차 근로환경조사에서 수집한 자료를 사용하였다. 직업성 진동 노출이 없는 34,820 명과 직업성 진동에 노출되는 10,776 명을 대상으로 선정하여 카이 제곱 검정 및 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석을 사용하여 주당 진동 노출 시간의 영향과 작업 관련 피로 요인이 근로자에게 미치는 영향을 분석하였다.
결과
직업성 진동에 노출된 근로자 (30.5%)의 업무 관련 피로 유병률은 직업성 진동에 노출되지 않은 근로자 (15.9%)보다 높았다. 주당 진동 노출 시간이 30%-40%에 해당하는 근로자들에서 가장 높은 업무 관련 피로가 나타났으며, 이는 주당 진동 노출 시간이 감소함에 따라 감소하였다.
결론
직업성 진동에 노출된 근로자에서 업무 관련 피로 유병률이 높게 나타났으며 직업성 진동에 노출된 근로자를 업무 관련 피로의 발생으로부터 보호할 방안을 마련해야 한다.

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Research Article

Pregnancy, childbirth, and puerperium outcomes in female firefighters in Korea: Juha Park, Yeon-Soon Ahn, Min-Gi Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2020;32:e8. Published online January 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e8

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background

Female firefighters are exposed to hazardous environmental (chemical and physical) and working (shift work, psychological, and ergonomic factors) conditions that have reported or are suspected of adverse effects on reproductive health. However, no previous studies have reported on pregnancy, childbirth, and puerperium outcomes (PCPOs) in female firefighters.

Methods

The present study compared hospital admissions for PCPOs, based on 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) codes, among Korean female firefighters with those of the general Korean population. Standardized admission ratios (SARs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.

Results

The study population included 1,766 female firefighters. Total follow-up duration was 9,659 person-years. Compared to the general female population, the female firefighters' SARs were higher in all admissions for PCPOs (SAR, 1.92; 95% CI: 1.79–2.05); pregnancy and abortive outcomes (SAR, 1.56; 95% CI: 1.12–2.12); other maternal disorders predominantly related to pregnancy (SAR, 2.65; 95% CI: 1.99–3.46); maternal care related to the fetus, amniotic cavity, and possible delivery problems (SAR, 2.13; 95% CI: 1.74–2.57); labor and delivery complications (SAR, 1.55; 95% CI: 1.15–2.06); delivery (SAR, 1.94; 95% CI: 1.80–2.08); and complications predominantly related to puerperium (SAR, 4.68; 95% CI: 2.02–9.23).

Conclusion

The results of this study showed high SARs in all and specific subcategories of PCPOs in female firefighters.

Citations

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Research Article

Psychometric properties of the 10-item Conner-Davidson resilience scale on toxic chemical-exposed workers in South Korea: Gab-Sik Shin, Kyeong-Sook Choi, Kyoung Sook Jeong, Young-Sun Min, Yeon-Soon Ahn, Min-Gi Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:52. Published online August 13, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0265-5

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background

Resilient individuals have a comprehensive ability to adapt to various life circumstances. Psychological resilience predicts an individual’s physiological response to stress. The 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) is a widely used measure to quantify the level of self-perceived resilience. This study examined the psychometric properties of a Korean version of the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (10-item K-CD-RISC) on workers in Gumi, South Korea, exposed to hydrofluoric acid (HF).

Methods

The questionnaires included the 10-item K-CD-RISC and Beck Anxiety Inventor (BAI), the Impact of Event Scale-Revised-Korean version (IES-R-K), the Rosen-berg Self Esteem Scale (RSES), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). These were randomly distributed at 237 workplaces near the HF-spill site, in the Gumi 4 complex. The responses of 991 (67.3%) workers were analyzed.

Results

The exploratory factor analysis shown that a single-factor model was consistent with the original design of the 10-item CD-RISC. The scale also demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.95). Scores on the scale reflected different levels of resilience with respect to personal factors (age, gender, marital status, and education and income levels) that are thought to be differentiated. Differences of resilience were also reflected by psychiatric symptoms (anxiety and depression). Moreover, the total score of scale positively correlated with RSES, whereas the IES-R-K, BAI, CES-D, and the PSS negatively correlated with the 10-item K-CD-RISC.

Conclusions

The 10-item K-CD-RISC has good psychometric properties and is applicable for victims exposed to noxious chemical such as HF.

Citations

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