Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Research Article

Establishment and operation of a cooperative program to identify work-related acute myeloid leukemia in a general hospital: Jiyoun Jung, Hye-ran Choi, Byung-Sik Cho, Silvia Park, Jun-Pyo Myong, Mo-Yeol Kang, Hee-Je Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2019;31:e33. Published online November 12, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2019.31.e33

Background

The purpose of this report is to introduce the occupational cancer surveillance system, implemented in June 2018, and to share the results of our cooperative program.

Methods

The cooperative program begins when the patient is diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Newly diagnosed AML patients are admitted to the internal medicine hematology department, then attending hematology physician requests a consultation from the occupational and environmental medicine (OEM) department. The OEM doctor next visits the hospitalized patient and interviews them to take their occupational history, and preliminarily evaluates the likelihood that the condition is associated with occupation. If the patient wants to apply for compensation through the Korea Workers' Compensation & Welfare Service, the patient was informed to visits the outpatient clinic of the OEM department and requests a ‘work-relatedness evaluation report’ for use in applying for compensation.

Results

Among the 103 patients, who received an OEM departmental work history evaluation, 18 patients were considered to have a work-related incidence and 12 patients were registered in the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance system.

Conclusions

The present report provides data on a sustainable model for identifying occupational disease in a general hospital setting, while also informing patients about their occupational rights.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Case-Control Study of Occupational Acute Myeloid Leukemia in the Republic of Korea
Min Young Park, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, Jun-Pyo Myong, Byung-Sik Cho, Hee-Je Kim, Mo-Yeol Kang
Safety and Health at Work.2023; 14(4): 451. CrossRef
Effects of exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation on changing platelets: a prospective cohort study
Ning Liu, Yang Peng, Xinguang Zhong, Zheng Ma, Suiping He, Ying Li, Wencui Zhang, Zijun Gong, Zhenjiang Yao
Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

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Review

A brief review of relationship between occupational benzene exposure and hematopoietic cancer: Jin-Ha Yoon, Woo Seok Kwak, Yeon-Soon Ahn; Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:33. Published online May 10, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0245-9

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

We reviewed articles to clarify the current evidence status for 1) types of cancer which related to benzene exposure, and 2) certain benzene exposure level which might cause the hematopoietic cancers. Hematopoietic function of the bone marrow is involved in the production of all blood cells types. The benzene metabolites including benzoquinone and mucoaldehyde affect hematopoietic stem cells as well as differentiation steps of progenitor cells for each blood cell. Hence, we concluded that benzene was associated with all lymphohematic carcinogenesis. First, it is supported by biological plausibility. Second, it is supported by meta-analysis although sing study did not show relationship due to lack of sample size or statistical power. More recent studies show lesser exposed level related to risk of cancer, compare to past studies did. Actually, early studies show the risk of malignancies in workers who exposed more than 200 ppm-years. However, only 0.5 to 1 ppm-year benzene exposed show significant linking to risk of malignancies in recent study. As reviewed research articles, we concluded that the relatively lower exposure level, such as 0.5–1 ppm-year, will be considering at risk of hematopoietic cancer. However, more research needs to be done on dose-response analysis.

Citations

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Research Article

Does formaldehyde have a causal association with nasopharyngeal cancer and leukaemia?: Soon-Chan Kwon, Inah Kim, Jaechul Song, Jungsun Park; Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:5. Published online January 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0218-z

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background

The South Korean criteria for occupational diseases were amended in July 2013. These criteria included formaldehyde as a newly defined occupational carcinogen, based on cases of “leukemia or nasopharyngeal cancer caused by formaldehyde exposure”. This inclusion was based on the Internal Agency for Research on Cancer classification, which classified formaldehyde as definite human carcinogen for nasopharyngeal cancer in 2004 and leukemia in 2012.

Methods

We reviewed reports regarding the causal relationship between occupational exposure to formaldehyde in Korea and the development of these cancers, in order to determine whether these cases were work-related.

Results

Previous reports regarding excess mortality from nasopharyngeal cancer caused by formaldehyde exposure seemed to be influenced by excess mortality from a single plant. The recent meta-risk for nasopharyngeal cancer was significantly increased in case-control studies, but was null for cohort studies (excluding unexplained clusters of nasopharyngeal cancers). A recent analysis of the largest industrial cohort revealed elevated risks of both leukemia and Hodgkin lymphoma at the peak formaldehyde exposure, and both cancers exhibited significant dose-response relationships. A nested case-control study of embalmers revealed that mortality from myeloid leukemia increased significantly with increasing numbers of embalms and with increasing formaldehyde exposure. The recent meta-risks for all leukemia and myeloid leukemia increased significantly. In South Korea, a few cases were considered occupational cancers as a result of mixed exposures to various chemicals (e.g., benzene), although no cases were compensated for formaldehyde exposure. The peak formaldehyde exposure levels in Korea were 2.70–14.8 ppm in a small number of specialized studies, which considered anatomy students, endoscopy employees who handled biopsy specimens, and manufacturing workers who were exposed to high temperatures.

Conclusion

Additional evidence is needed to confirm the relationship between formaldehyde exposure and nasopharyngeal cancer. All lymphohematopoietic malignancies, including leukemia, should be considered in cases with occupational formaldehyde exposure.

Citations

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Case Report

The work-relatedness at a case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a radiation oncologist: Bong Hyun Kim, Young-Jun Kwon, Young-Su Ju, Bong Kyu Kim, Hyun Seok Lee, Sang-gil Lee, Yun Kyung Chung; Ann Occup Environ Med 2017;29:28. Published online June 27, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-017-0186-8

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Background
Clinicians who perform radiation therapy (RT) are exposed to radiation, which may negatively affect their health. The present study reports a case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a healthcare provider who was exposed to radiation at work; we also present a literature review of this topic.
Case presentation
A 45-year-old patient, who had been a radiation oncologist and had been exposed to radiation while performing brachytherapy 10 years ago, complained of chest pain and was suspected of having leukemia based on the results of a blood test in an outpatient clinic. He was diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and subsequently underwent chemotherapy. However, the case died during treatment. Through epidemiological investigation, it was found that the case’s cumulative exposure dose based on personal exposure and spatial dose measured during the work period was in the range of 6.08–12.15 mSv.
Conclusions
Based on the following considerations, acute lymphoblastic leukemia was highly correlated with the level of radiation to which the case was exposed while performing brachytherapy on patients with cancer. Firstly, the latent period of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the case closely matched the latency time reported in previous published studies (5–10 years). In addition, numerous studies have reported significantly higher relative risks of cancer among clinicians who perform RT compared with the general population. The case was also atypically exposed to radiation through his hands, despite wearing protective equipment. Lastly, the case’s coworkers were also found to have been exposed to high levels of radiation. Investigation into the influence of radiation exposure through atypical routes during RT on the health of clinicians is recommended.

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Case Report

A case of chronic myeloid leukemia in a diagnostic radiographer: Chulyong Park, Sungyeul Choi, Dohyung Kim, Jaechan Park, Saerom Lee; Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26:54. Published online November 28, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-014-0054-8

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

<bold>Background</bold>

Occupational radiation exposure causes certain types of cancer, specifically hematopoietic diseases like leukemia. In Korea, radiation exposure is monitored and recorded by law, and guidelines for compensation of radiation-related diseases were implemented in 2001. However, thus far, no occupation-related disease was approved for compensation under these guidelines. Here, we report the first case of radiation-related disease approved by the compensation committee of the Korea Workers’ Compensation and Welfare Service, based on the probability of causation.

<bold>Case presentation</bold>

A 45-year-old man complained of chronic fatigue and myalgia for several days. He was diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia. The patient was a diagnostic radiographer at a diagnostic radiation department and was exposed to ionizing radiation for 21 years before chronic myeloid leukemia was diagnosed. His job involved taking simple radiographs, computed tomography scans, and measuring bone marrow density.

<bold>Conclusion</bold>

To our knowledge, this is the first approved case report using quantitative assessment of radiation. More approved cases are expected based on objective radiation exposure data and the probability of causation. We need to find a resolution to the ongoing demands for appropriate compensation and improvements to the environment at radiation workplaces.

Citations

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Does occupational ionizing radiation exposure in healthcare workers affect their hematological parameters?
Nejdiye Güngördü, Seher Kurtul, Ayşenur Özdil, Mehmet Sarper Erdoğan
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Case Report

Two Case of Erythroleukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome in a Non-Destructive Inspector: Myoung Soon Oh, Jae Kook Yoon, Hyun Soo Kim, Hawk Kim, Jin Kyung Lee, Ji Ho Lee, Yang Ho Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(4):471-479. Published online December 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.4.471

Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Ionizing radiation is a group 1 carcinogen according to the IARC(International Agency for Research on Cancer) classification. With the development of the radiation related industry, the number of radiation exposed workers has been increasing. There have been several reports on AML(Acute Myeloid Leukemia) on exposure to ionizing radiation; however, there are no reports of occupational malignant lymphohematopoietic disease related to non-destructive inspection.
CASE
REPORT 1: A 35-years-old male, who had worked for 10 years in non-destructive inspection, was diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndrome. He worked 8 hours a day, for three weeks per months, where he was exposed to 192Ir and 60Co radiation sources. Because he had not worn a film badge for monitoring his radiation exposure dose, the accurate exposure dose was not reported. The estimate exposure dose calculated via a chromosomal study was 1.20 Gy, which exceed the dose limits of Korean radiation dose standards, which are 50 and 100 mSv annually and quinquennially respectively.
CASE
REPORT 2: A 26-years-old male, who had worked for 2.5 years in the same company was also diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndrome.
CONCLUSION
Non-destructive inspection is the main source of ionizing radiation in the workplace, which could be the cause of malignant lymphohematopoietic diseases. Therefore, more practical plans and guidelines are needed to prevent non-destructive inspectors from workplace radiation exposure.

Citations

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Younghyun Lee, Songwon Seo, Young Woo Jin, Seongjae Jang
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Eun-A Kim, Eujin Lee, Seong-Kyu Kang, Meeseon Jeong
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
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Ji-Sung Ahn, Jai-Dong Moon, Wonyang Kang, Hyeong-Min Lim, Seunghyeon Cho, Dae-Young Lim, Won-Ju Park
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Consecutive results of blood cell count and retrospective biodosimetry: useful tools of health protection regulation for radiation workers
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Original Article

Cancer Incidence in the Vicinity of Korean AM Radio Broadcast Towers: Hyoung June Im, Mi Na Ha, Soo Hun Cho; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2001;13(3):296-305. Published online September 30, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2001.13.3.296

Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
Several studies have raised the possibility that exposure to electrical and/or magnetic fields may be particularly harmful in the promotion or initiation of cancer. The purpose of this study which was based on a geographical correlation design was to investigate any association that may exist between residing near radio broadcast towers and carcinogenic activity in Korea.
METHODS
In this study, the health effects of EMF of 10 AM radio broadcast towers in Korea were investigated. The electric powers of the towers were above 100kW. We chose exposed areas that were located within 2 km from the towers as well as four control regions which had similar populations in the same province(Do) but had no towers nearby. The incidence of leukemia, malignant lymphoma, brain tumor and breast cancer between the exposed areas and the control areas was compared. The standardized incidence ratios(SIRs) were calculated. Korean Medical Insurance data(between Nov,1,1993 and Oct,31,1996) was used for the cancer incidence estimation. The Nationwide Population Census data(in 1995) and the Resident Register data(in 1995) were used for information about population and locations.
RESULTS
Among the 10 exposed areas, one area for leukemia and one area for brain tumor showed a significantly high incidence compared to the control areas. There were no significant increased areas for malignant lymphoma and breast cancer.
CONCLUSIONS
This study design must be considered to be exploratory and not used for determining causality. However, the results suggest the necessity for further analytical epidemiological studies that have a more precise exposure measurement scale and information on confounding factors.

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