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Original Article
Association between long working hours and liver enzymes: evidence from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007–2017
Ji-Hun Song, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, Dong-Wook Lee, Jeehee Min, Yu Min Lee, Mo-Yeol Kang
Ann Occup Environ Med 2022;34:e9.   Published online May 13, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2022.34.e9
AbstractAbstract AbstractAbstract in Korean PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Background

Long working hours causes several health risks, but little is known about its effects on the liver. This study aimed to examine the correlation between working hours and abnormal liver enzyme levels.

Methods

We used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV–VII. For the final 15,316 study participant, the information on working hours was obtained through questionnaires, and liver enzyme levels, consisting of serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), through blood tests. The relationship between weekly working hours and abnormal levels of liver enzymes was analyzed using multiple logistic regression, and a trend test was also conducted.

Results

In male, working ≥ 61 hours per week was significantly associated with elevated AST and ALT levels compared with working 35–52 hours per week. Even after adjusting for covariates, the odds ratios (ORs) of abnormal AST and ALT increased by 1.51 (95% confidence interval: 1.20–2.05) and 1.25 (1.03–1.52), respectively, and a dose-response relationship was observed. This association was more prominent among the high-risk group, such as those aged > 40 years, obese individuals, worker on non-standard work schedule, pink-collar workers, or temporary worker. No correlation was observed in female.

Conclusions

Long working hours are associated with abnormal liver function test results in male. Strict adherence to statutory working hours is necessary to protect workers’ liver health.

장시간 노동과 간기능 이상의 상관성: 2007-2017 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여
목적
장시간 노동은 여러 가지 건강상의 위험을 초래하지만 간에 미치는 영향에 대해서는 아직까지 알려진 바가 거의 없다. 본 연구는 근로시간과 간기능 이상과의 상관관계를 알아보는 것을 목적으로 하였다.
방법
본 연구를 위해 4-7차 국민건강영양조사 자료를 사용하였다. 최종 연구참여자 15,316명을 대상으로 설문지를 통해 근무시간 정보를 얻었고 혈액검사를 통해 혈청 아스파르테이트아미노트랜스퍼라제(AST)와 알라닌아미노트랜스퍼라제(ALT)로 구성된 간효소치 정보를 얻었다. 다중 로지스틱 회귀 분석을 통해 주당 근무 시간과 간효소 이상 수치와의 관계를 분석하고 추세 검정도 함께 진행하였다.
결과
남성의 경우 주당 35-52시간 일하는 것에 비해, 법정 최대 근로시간을 초과한 주당 53-60시간을 근무하여도 AST 및 ALT 수치의 유의한 상승이 관찰되진 않았으나, 주당 60시간을 초과하여 일하는 경우 유의하게 상승하였다. 공변량을 보정한 후에도 AST와 ALT이상수치의 교차비(ORs)가 각각 1.51 (95% 신뢰 구간: 1.20-2.05) 및 1.25 (1.03-1.52) 증가하여 용량-반응 관계가 관찰되었다. 이 연관성은 40세 이상, 비만인, 비정규시간 근로자, 핑크 칼라 노동자, 임시직 노동자와 같은 고위험군에서 더 두드러졌다. 여성에서는 상관관계가 관찰되지 않았다.
결론
남성의 경우 장시간 노동은 간기능 검사 결과 이상과 관련이 있다. 근로자의 간 건강을 보호하기 위해서는 법정 근로시간을 철저히 준수하는 것이 필요하다.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Association between long working hours and metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease: a nationwide population-based study in Korea
    S.-U. Baek, J.-U. Won, Y.-M. Lee, J.-H. Yoon
    Public Health.2024; 232: 188.     CrossRef
  • Long working hours and increased risks of lean non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among Korean men and women
    Ga-Young Lim, Yoosoo Chang, Inah Kim, Seungho Ryu, Ria Kwon, Jaechul Song
    Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The associations of health behaviors and working hours with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels in Korean wage workers: a cross-sectional study
    Choong-Won Seo, Eun-A Park, Tae-Hyung Yoon
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2023; 14(5): 356.     CrossRef
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  • 3 Web of Science
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Original Article
Sunlight exposure and eye disorders in an economically active population: data from the KNHANES 2008-2012
Junhyeong Lee, Ui-Jin Kim, Yongho Lee, Eunseun Han, Seunghon Ham, Wanhyung Lee, Won-Jun Choi, Seong-Kyu Kang
Ann Occup Environ Med 2021;33:e24.   Published online July 16, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2021.33.e24
AbstractAbstract AbstractAbstract in Korean PDFPubReaderePub
Background

Sunlight exposure is a major risk factor for eye disorders. Most outdoor workers cannot avoid sunlight exposure. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between outdoor sunlight exposure and eye disorders in an economically active population.

Methods

This study analyzed the 2008–2012 Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey data. Sunlight exposure was categorized as < 5 hours and > 5 hours. We also analyzed the dose-dependent relationship between exposure to sunlight and eye disorders (cataracts, pterygium, and age-related macular degeneration [AMD]) using data from 2010 to 2012 by subdividing the exposure groups into < 2 hours, 2–5 hours, and ≥ 5 hours. Eye disorders were diagnosed by an ophthalmologist. The study participants were stratified by sex, and the results were analyzed using the χ2 test and multiple logistic regression analysis.

Results

In the female group, the odds ratio of pterygium in the high-level sunlight exposure group was 1.47 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15–1.89). Regarding AMD, the odds ratios were 1.42 (95% CI: 1.16–1.73), 1.33 (95% CI: 1.03–1.73), and 1.58 (95% CI: 1.15–2.16) in the total, male, and female groups, respectively. Analysis of the dose-response relationship revealed that the odds ratios of pterygium in the high-level sunlight exposure subgroups of the total and female groups were 1.62 (95% CI: 1.25–2.08) and 2.00 (95% CI: 1.39–2.88), respectively.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated a relationship between sunlight exposure and eye disorders in an economically active population. Women were found to be especially vulnerable to pterygium. However, additional prospective studies to clarify the pathophysiology of pterygium are needed.

경제활동인구의 햇빛노출과 안질환:2008-2012 국민건강영향조사 자료 분석
목적
햇빛 노출은 안질환의 주된 위험인자이며, 일반 인구집단에서 안질환 유병률과의 관련이 잘 알려져 있다. 옥외작업자는 자신의 의지로 햇빛 노출을 피할 수 없을 가능성이 높다. 본 연구는 경제활동인구의 옥외 햇빛 노출과 안구 질환의 관계를 분석하는 것을 목적으로 하였다.
방법
이 연구는 2008-2012년 국민건강영양조사 자료를 집계하여 사용하였다. 햇빛 노출은 5시간 미만과 5시간 이상 노출 그룹으로 세분화되었으며, 2010-2012년 자료를 활용해 2시간 미만, 2-5시간, 5시간 이상 노출 그룹으로 세분화하여 양-반응 관계 분석을 시행하였다. 안질환은 안과의사에 의해 진단되었다. 연구 참여 집단을 성별로 층화하여 카이제곱 분석과 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석을 시행하였다.
결과
여성 집단에서 햇빛 고노출군의 익상편 유병 오즈비는 1.47 (95% CI=1.15-1.89)이었다. 나이관련황반변성의 경우 전체 집단에서 유병 오즈비는 1.42(95% CI=1.16-1.73), 남성 집단에서 1.33 (95% CI=1.03-1.73), 여성 집단에서 1.58 (95% CI=1.15-2.16)이었다. 양-반응 관계 분석 결과 햇빛 고노출군에서 전체 집단의 익상편 유병 오즈비는 1.62 (95% CI=1.25-2.08)이었고, 여성 집단에서는 2.00(95% CI=1.39-2.88)이었다.
결론
본 연구는 몇 가지 제한점이 있지만 경제활동인구에서의 햇빛 노출과 안질환 유병률에 대한 관계에 대한 정보를 제공한다. 특히 익상편의 경우 여성이 더 취약한 것으로 나타났는데, 발병기전을 고려한 전향적 연구 등의 추가적인 연구가 필요하다.

Citations

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  • Impacts of climate change on ocular health: A scoping review
    Yee Ling Wong, Shiao Wei Wong, Darren S.J. Ting, Alankrita Muralidhar, Sagnik Sen, Olivia Schaff, Hannah Istre-Wilz, Barbara Erny
    The Journal of Climate Change and Health.2024; 15: 100296.     CrossRef
  • Association of sunlight exposure with visual impairment in an Indian fishing community
    Shwetha V Puthran, Sayantan Biswas, Siddharth K Karthikeyan, Jyothi Thomas
    Indian Journal of Ophthalmology.2023; 71(6): 2409.     CrossRef
  • Lipofuscin, Its Origin, Properties, and Contribution to Retinal Fluorescence as a Potential Biomarker of Oxidative Damage to the Retina
    Małgorzata B. Różanowska
    Antioxidants.2023; 12(12): 2111.     CrossRef
  • The effects of exposure to solar radiation on human health
    R. E. Neale, R. M. Lucas, S. N. Byrne, L. Hollestein, L. E. Rhodes, S. Yazar, A. R. Young, M. Berwick, R. A. Ireland, C. M. Olsen
    Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences.2023; 22(5): 1011.     CrossRef
  • Sun Safety: Knowledge and Behavior among Egyptian Farmers—a Multicomponent Intervention Study
    Dalia A. El-Shafei, Randa M. Said
    Journal of Cancer Education.2023; 38(3): 1042.     CrossRef
  • 325 View
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  • 8 Web of Science
  • 5 Crossref
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Research Article
Relationship between shift work and age-related macular degeneration: a cross-sectional analysis of data from the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010–2012)
Kibeom Kim, Seongyong Yoon, Jinseok Kim, Kuck-Hyun Woo, Seong-yong Cho, Ha-ram Jo
Ann Occup Environ Med 2021;33:e7.   Published online February 8, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2021.33.e7
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness. Shift work has well-known adverse effects on health. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between shift work and AMD. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between shift work and AMD.

Methods

This study used aggregated data from the 2010–2012 cycles of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The work schedules were classified into 2 types: day work and shift work. AMD was determined using fundus photographs. The χ2 test and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to assess sex-stratified relationship between shift work and AMD.

Results

The odds ratio (OR) of AMD in male shift workers was higher (1.54 [95% confidence interval, CI: 1.01–2.36]) than that in male day workers after adjusting for covariates. After dividing into subgroups of the shift work pattern, the OR of AMD in male night shift workers was higher (1.75 [95% CI: 1.07–2.85]) than that in male day workers after adjusting for covariates. However, results of the female worker group were not significant.

Conclusions

The results of this study provide limited support for the hypothesis that shift work is related to AMD. Further prospective studies are needed to define the relationship between shift work and AMD.


Citations

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  • Assessment of metacognition and retinal optical coherence tomography findings in shift workers
    Muhammed Batur, Pınar Güzel Özdemir, Rumeysa Bilmez Tan, Zeynep Şahin Taş
    Chronobiology International.2024; 41(3): 393.     CrossRef
  • A study on employee experience with shift work
    Renata Skýpalová, Martin Šikýř, Roman Urban
    Economics & Sociology.2022; 15(3): 143.     CrossRef
  • Sunlight exposure and eye disorders in an economically active population: data from the KNHANES 2008-2012
    Junhyeong Lee, Ui-Jin Kim, Yongho Lee, Eunseun Han, Seunghon Ham, Wanhyung Lee, Won-Jun Choi, Seong-Kyu Kang
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 177 View
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  • 3 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
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Research Article
Relationship between shift work and liver enzymes: a cross-sectional study based on the Korea National Health and Examination Survey (2007–2015)
Hyeongyeong Choi, Hyun-Jeong Oh, Ji-Su Shin, MyeongSeob Lim, Sung-Kyung Kim, Hee-Tae Kang, Sung-Soo Oh, Sang-Baek Koh
Ann Occup Environ Med 2019;31:e15.   Published online July 31, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2019.31.e15
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

Shift work has well-known adverse effects on health. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between shift work and hepatic disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the association between shift work and abnormal level of liver enzymes.

Methods

The aggregated data from the 2007–2009, 2010–2012, and 2013–2015 cycles of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was used for this study. The χ2 test and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to assess relationship between shift work and abnormal level of liver enzymes stratified by gender.

Results

The odds ratio (OR) of abnormal serum level of alanine aminotransferase (abnormal ALT) in female shift workers was higher with 1.31 (95% confidence interval: 1.00–1.71) compared with day workers after adjusting for covariates. After dividing into subgroups of the shift work pattern, the ORs of abnormal liver enzymes for each pattern compared with day work were not significantly higher.

Conclusions

This study provides limited support for the hypothesis that shift work is related to liver enzyme abnormalities, but offers some evidence in favor of the idea that shift work affects female workers more than males on abnormal ALT. Further studies are needed to define the relationship between shift work and abnormal liver enzymes to be carried out as well as the gender difference in the association.


Citations

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  • Investigating the relationship between shift work schedule and blood and metabolic parameters: a 10-years retrospective cohort study
    Ahmad Soltanzadeh, Meysam Eyvazlou, Mostafa Mohammad-ghasemi, Mansoureh Sadeghi-Yarandi, Monireh Rahimkhani, Neda Ghasemi, Mojdeh Bonyadi, Mohsen Sadeghi-Yarandi
    Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Consequences of Shift Work and Night Work: A Literature Review
    Isabel Silva, Daniela Costa
    Healthcare.2023; 11(10): 1410.     CrossRef
  • Shift work and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease incidence among Chinese rail workers: a 4-year longitudinal cohort study
    Jiahui Xu, Shu Ni, Yuming Wang, Mengfan Yan, Xueli Yang, Han Ge, Zizhuo Jia, Ze Yang, Anqi Shan, Huanyu Liu, Nai-jun Tang
    International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health.2023; 96(1): 179.     CrossRef
  • Correlation between shift work and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among male workers in the steel manufacturing company of Korea: a cross-sectional study
    Kiseok Kim, Yong-Jin Lee, Soon-Chan Kwon, Young-Sun Min, Hyun Kyo Lee, Gwangin Baek, Sang Hyeon Kim, Eun-Chul Jang
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association between long working hours and liver enzymes: evidence from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007–2017
    Ji-Hun Song, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, Dong-Wook Lee, Jeehee Min, Yu Min Lee, Mo-Yeol Kang
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Factors associated with elevated alanine aminotransferase in employees of a German chemical company: results of a large cross-sectional study
    Matthias Claus, Christoph Antoni, Bernd Hofmann
    BMC Gastroenterology.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Relationship between shift work and age-related macular degeneration: a cross-sectional analysis of data from the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010–2012)
    Kibeom Kim, Seongyong Yoon, Jinseok Kim, Kuck-Hyun Woo, Seong-yong Cho, Ha-ram Jo
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 149 View
  • 1 Download
  • 10 Web of Science
  • 7 Crossref
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Research Article
The association between shift work and chronic kidney disease in manual labor workers using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES 2011–2014)
Jun Young Uhm, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, Gu Hyeok Kang, Young Gon Choi, Tae Hwi Park, Soo Young Kim, Seong Sil Chang, Won Oh Choo
Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:69.   Published online December 14, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0279-z
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objective

Kidneys are organs having a biological clock, and it is well known that the disruption of the circadian rhythm increases the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD), including the decline of renal and proteinuria. Because shift work causes circadian disruption, it can directly or indirectly affect the incidence of chronic kidney disease. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the association between shift work and chronic kidney disease using a Korean representative survey dataset.

Methods

This study was comprised of 3504 manual labor workers over 20 years of age from data from the fifth and sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011–2014). The work schedules were classified into two types: day work and shift work. The estimated glomerular filtration rate, which is the ideal marker of renal function, was estimated according to the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration creatinine equation, and chronic kidney disease was defined as urinary albumin to a creatinine ratio equal to or high than 30 mg/g and/or estimated glomerular filtration rate lower than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. The cross-tabulation analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to confirm the association between shift work and chronic kidney disease stratified by gender.

Results

The risk of CKD showed a significant increase (odds ratio = 2.04, 95% confidence interval = 1.22, 3.41) in the female worker group. The same results were obtained after all confounding variables were adjusted (odds ratio = 2.34, 95% confidence interval = 1.35, 4.07). However, the results of the male worker group were not significant.

Conclusions

In this study using nationally representative surveys, we found that the risk of CKD was higher female workers and shift work. Future prospective cohort studies will be needed to clarify the causal relationship between shift work and CKD.


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    Hye Chong Hong, Young Man Kim
    JMIR Public Health and Surveillance.2024; 10: e55014.     CrossRef
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    Jiayang Zhang, Lejia Qiu, Zhaiyi Liu, Jiaxin Liu, Bo Yu, Chengcheng Liu, Baoyin Ren, Jiaqi Zhang, Shuyao Li, Youfei Guan, Feng Zheng, Guangrui Yang, Lihong Chen
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    Beom Seok Ko, Sang Yop Shin, Ji Eun Hong, Sungbeom Kim, Jihhyeon Yi, Jeongbae Rhie
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    Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Yang Zhao, Xunhao Lu, Yanghua Wang, Yiyi Cheng, Qiao He, Rongqi Qin, Wenrui Li, Haizhou Liu, Yuanfang Liu
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Research Article
A cross-sectional study on the pulmonary function of residents in two urban areas with different PM10 concentrations: data from the fourth Korea national health and nutrition examination survey (KNHANES) 2007–2009
Si Woo Park, Byoung Gwon Kim, Jung Woo Kim, Jung Woo Park, Jung Il Kim
Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:47.   Published online July 16, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0258-4
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

The present study aims to compare the pulmonary function of residents of Seoul special city (Seoul) and Jeju special self-governing province including Jeju city and Seogwipo city (Jeju), characterized by vastly different annual average airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less ≤10 μm (PM10) concentrations, with the annual average PM10 concentration in Seoul being significantly higher than that in Jeju.

Methods

This cross-sectional study analyzed the pulmonary function test results and sociodemographic data of Korean adults ≥19 years of age derived from the 4th KNHANES, 2007–2009. A total of 830 individuals residing in Seoul or Jeju were included in this study. T-tests were used to analyze predicted values of forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1p), predicted values of forced vital capacity (FVCp) and FEV1/FVC ratio (FEV1/FVC), as dependent variables, to examine the differences in the subjects’ pulmonary function according to the city of residence. Stratified analysis was then performed to adjust for variables potentially affecting pulmonary function. The analysis was performed on subjects as a group and also following stratification according to sex and other variables.

Results

Seoul residents had a significantly lower FVCp than that of the Jeju residents (difference: 3.48%, p = 0.002). FEV1p, FVCp and FEV1/FVC of male Seoul residents were significantly lower than those of male Jeju residents (difference: 6.99, 5.11% and 0.03, respectively; p < 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.001). In male subjects, statistically significant results were obtained even after adjusting the influence of other variables through stratified analysis.

Conclusion

The present analysis was based on cross-sectional data collected at one point in time. Therefore, unlike longitudinal studies, it does not establish a clear causal association between the variables. Nevertheless, this study found that pulmonary function among subjects residing in Seoul was significantly decreased compared to that of subjects residing in Jeju.


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    Epidemiology and Health.2021; 43: e2021082.     CrossRef
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Research Article
Environmental exposure of heavy metal (lead and cadmium) and hearing loss: data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES 2010–2013)
Gu Hyeok Kang, Jun Young Uhm, Young Gon Choi, Eun Kye Kang, Soo Young Kim, Won Oh Choo, Seong Sil Chang
Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:22.   Published online April 17, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0237-9
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

Lead and cadmium have been identified as risk factors for hearing loss in animal studies, but large-scale studies targeting the general human population are rare. This study was conducted to investigate the link between heavy metal concentrations in blood and hearing impairment, using a national population-based survey.

Methods

The study participants comprised 6409 Koreans aged 20 or older, who were included in the Fifth and Sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES 2010–2013). Hearing impairment was categorized into two types, low- and high-frequency hearing impairment, using pure tone audiometry. Low-frequency hearing impairment was defined as having a binaural average of hearing thresholds for 0.5, 1, and 2 kHz exceeding 25 dB, and high-frequency hearing impairment was defined as having a binaural average of hearing thresholds for 3, 4, and 6 kHz exceeding 25 dB. The blood levels of heavy metals (lead and cadmium) were classified into quartiles. Cross-sectional association between hearing impairment and the level of heavy metals (lead and cadmium) was examined in both sexes. Multivariate logistic regression was used to obtain adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

Among men, the prevalence of low- and high- frequency hearing impairment was 13.9% and 46.7%, respectively, which was higher than the prevalence among women (11.8% and 27.0%, respectively). Regarding lead, the adjusted OR of high-frequency hearing impairment for the highest blood level group versus the lowest group was significant in both men (OR = 1.629, 95% CI = 1.161–2.287) and women (OR = 1.502, 95% CI = 1.027–2.196), after adjusting for age, body mass index, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and noise exposure (occupational, loud, firearm noises). No links were found between blood lead levels and low-frequency hearing impairment, or between blood cadmium levels and low- or high-frequency hearing impairment in either sex.

Conclusions

The present study findings suggest that even exposure to low-level lead is a risk factor for high-frequency hearing loss. A prospective epidemiologic study should be conducted to identify the causal relationship between human health and exposure to heavy metals, and efforts to reduce heavy metal exposure in the general population should continue.


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  • Higher exposure to 1,3-butadiene is associated with more severe hearing loss
    Sang-Yoon Han, Sang-Yeon Lee, Myung-Whan Suh, Jun Ho Lee, Moo Kyun Park
    Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Occupational Lead Exposure Ototoxicity Evaluated With Distortion-Product Otoacoustic Emissions
    Soledad Solis-Angeles, Luz María Del Razo, Guadalupe Aguilar-Madrid, Carmina Jiménez-Ramírez, Laura Coco, Alejandro Cabello-López, Cuauhtémoc Arturo Juárez-Pérez
    Ear & Hearing.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Hearing Loss and Disorders: The Repercussions of Climate Change
    Sue Sherratt
    American Journal of Audiology.2023; 32(4): 793.     CrossRef
  • The role of calcium, Akt and ERK signaling in cadmium-induced hair cell death
    Jennifer Galdieri, Chloe Adams, María Padilla, Tamara M. Stawicki
    Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience.2023; 124: 103815.     CrossRef
  • Combined effects of multiple metals on hearing loss: A Bayesian kernel machine regression approach
    Mingming Liang, Xianwei Guo, Xiuxiu Ding, Qiuxia Song, Hao Wang, Ning Li, Wanying Su, Qiwei Liang, Yehuan Sun
    Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety.2022; 247: 114279.     CrossRef
  • Metformin attenuates cadmium-induced degeneration of spiral ganglion neuron via restoring autophagic flux in primary culture
    Qian Li, Liuqian Wang, Di Ji, Wei Yu, Yan Zhang, Yanghong Xiang, Chao Zhou, Liting Wang, Ping Deng, Huifeng Pi, Yonghui Lu, Qinlong Ma, Mindi He, Lei Zhang, Zhengping Yu, Anchun Deng
    Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry.2022; 234: 111901.     CrossRef
  • Effects of cadmium and high-fat diet on essential metal concentration in the mouse testis
    Bin Zhou, Adrienne Gentry, Qian Xu, Jamie L. Young, Xiaofang Yan, Kelly Pagidas, Yu Yang, Walter H. Watson, Maiying Kong, Lu Cai, Jonathan H. Freedman
    Toxicology Reports.2021; 8: 718.     CrossRef
  • Metal Exposures, Noise Exposures, and Audiometry from E-Waste Workers in Agbogbloshie, Ghana
    Krystin Carlson, Niladri Basu, Julius N. Fobil, Richard L. Neitzel
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(18): 9639.     CrossRef
  • Mechanotransduction Activity Facilitates Hair Cell Toxicity Caused by the Heavy Metal Cadmium
    Caleigh Schmid, Isabella Alampi, Jay Briggs, Kelly Tarcza, Tamara M. Stawicki
    Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Disruption of essential metal homeostasis in the brain by cadmium and high-fat diet
    John C. Mazzocco, Rekha Jagadapillai, Evelyne Gozal, Maiying Kong, Qian Xu, Gregory N. Barnes, Jonathan H. Freedman
    Toxicology Reports.2020; 7: 1164.     CrossRef
  • Exposure to lead, mercury, styrene, and toluene and hearing impairment: evaluation of dose-response relationships, regulations, and controls
    Ehsan Hemmativaghef
    Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.2020; 17(11-12): 574.     CrossRef
  • Association of Blood Cadmium with Cardiovascular Disease in Korea: From the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–2013 and 2016
    Jihyun Jeong, Sang-moon Yun, Minkyeong Kim, Young Ho Koh
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(17): 6288.     CrossRef
  • Environmental ototoxicants, a potential new class of chemical stressors
    Lucia Fábelová, Christopher A. Loffredo, Jana Klánová, Klára Hilscherová, Milena Horvat, Juraj Tihányi, Denisa Richterová, Ľubica Palkovičová Murínová, Soňa Wimmerová, Renata Sisto, Arturo Moleti, Tomáš Trnovec
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    Da Jung Jung
    Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine.2019; 36(2): 141.     CrossRef
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Research Article
The association between long working hours and hearing impairment in noise unexposed workers: data from the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES 2010–2012)
Jung-Woo Park, Jin-Soo Park, Seyoung Kim, Minkyu Park, Hyunrim Choi, Sinye Lim
Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:55.   Published online October 6, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0140-1
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

This study is aimed at finding out the relationship between long working hours, one of major job stress elements, and hearing impairment in unexposed workers to occupational and environmental noise.

Methods

This study was performed on 1628 regular, full-time wage workers between the age of 25-64 who indicated in the survey of having no experience of exposure to noise, normal otoscopic findings, and not suffering from diabetes based on the data from the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES 2010–2012). The average working hours per week was categorized into 40 h and lower group, more than 40 to 48 h group, more than 48 to 60 h group, and more than 60 h group. The groups were defined as suffering from low or high frequencies hearing impairment if the average hearing threshold for 0.5, 1, 2 kHz or 3, 4, 6 kHz in both ears exceeds 25 dB based on the pure tone audiometry. The association between average weekly working hours and hearing impairment was analyzed using logistic regression after gender stratification.

Results

The prevalences of low and high frequencies hearing impairment in male workers were 4.3 and 28.6 %, respectively, which were much higher than female’s prevalence of 2.7 and 11.1 %. For male workers, no significant association was found between average weekly working hours and low and high frequencies hearing impairment. For female workers, odds ratios (OR) of low and high frequencies hearing impairment were 4.22 (95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.09–16.27) and 4.49 (95 % CI 1.73–11.67), respectively, after controlling for several related factors, such as, age, Body Mass Index (BMI), socio-economic status, health-related behavioral, and occupational characteristics variables, in the final model in the group working more than 60 h compared to the group working 40 h and lower. In addition, a dose-response relationship was observed that ORs of low and high frequencies hearing impairment were increased according to increasing average weekly working hours.

Conclusions

The association between long working hours and hearing impairment in both low and high frequencies was significant in Korean female workers with a dose-response relationship. Therefore, the law to change the culture of long working hours should be enacted in order to protect the workers’ health and improve the quality of life in Korean workers.


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  • Evaluation of the effect of Nigella sativa oil on the outcome of missed abortion in women: A randomized double‐blind clinical trial
    Belgheis Mohammadi, Leila Nazari Robati, Zeinab Tavakol, Mina Movahhed
    Health Science Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Characteristics of Auditory Brainstem Response in Night-shift Health Workers
    Samir Kumar Singh, Poonam Jyoti Rana, Anita Gupta, Dibyodyuti Samaddar, Hanjabam Barun Sharma
    Annals of Neurosciences.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Hearing Impairment and Allostatic Load in Older Adults
    Eric Y. Du, Kening Jiang, Michelle C. Carlson, Nicholas S. Reed, Jennifer A. Deal
    JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery.2023; 149(7): 597.     CrossRef
  • Association Between Long Working Hours and Chronic Kidney Disease According to Diabetic Status
    Ki Duk Kim, Suk-Yong Jang
    Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine.2022; 64(3): 190.     CrossRef
  • Long working hours are associated with a higher risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A large population-based Korean cohort study
    Yesung Lee, Eunchan Mun, Soyoung Park, Woncheol Lee, Jee-Fu Huang
    PLOS ONE.2021; 16(7): e0255118.     CrossRef
  • Can listening-related fatigue influence well-being? Examining associations between hearing loss, fatigue, activity levels and well-being
    Jack A. Holman, Benjamin W. Y. Hornsby, Fred H. Bess, Graham Naylor
    International Journal of Audiology.2021; 60(sup2): 47.     CrossRef
  • Occupational Differences in C-Reactive Protein Among Working-Age Adults in South Korea
    Yongjoo Kim, Masayoshi Zaitsu, Kanami Tsuno, Xiaoyu Li, Sunmin Lee, Soong-nang Jang, Ichiro Kawachi
    Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine.2020; 62(3): 194.     CrossRef
  • Audiometric notch for the prediction of early occupational hearing loss and its association with the interleukin-1beta genotype
    Nagat M. Amer, Mona M. Taha, Khadiga S. Ibrahim, Heba M. Abdallah, Eman M. El Tahlawy
    Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences.2019; 14(3): 289.     CrossRef
  • Long working hours are associated with unmet dental needs in south Korean male adults who have experienced dental pain
    Yitak Kim, Sangwon Lee, Juyeong Kim, Eun-Cheol Park, Sung-In Jang
    BMC Oral Health.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Severe hearing impairment and risk of depression: A national cohort study
    So Young Kim, Hyung-Jong Kim, Eun-Kyu Park, Jiwon Joe, Songyong Sim, Hyo Geun Choi, Manuel S. Malmierca
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Research Article
The association between blood cadmium level, frequency and amount of gejang (marinated crab) intake
Chang Yul Choi, Gun Il Park, Young Seok Byun, Man Joong Jeon, Kwang Hae Choi, Joon Sakong
Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:23.   Published online May 14, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0109-0
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

Gejang (marinated crab) is a favorite traditional food and a main source of crab intake among Koreans. The present study aimed to identify the possibility of cadmium inflow to the body through gejang; accordingly, the relationship between gejang intake frequency and amount, and blood cadmium concentrations was investigated.

Methods

Using data from the first Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the sixth period in 2013, means and standard errors of blood cadmium concentrations in relation to gejang intake frequency and amount, as well as the monthly intake of gejang, were obtained from 1381 participants for whom data regarding blood cadmium concentration measurements was available.

Results

After adjustment for confounding factors, a gejang intake frequency of four or fewer times per week and a monthly intake of 200 cm3 or less had no significant effect on blood cadmium concentrations. However, participants with gejang intake of at least five times per week had a weighted mean cadmium concentration of 2.12 μg/L (p < 0.001), and participants who had a gejang monthly intake of more than 200 cm3 had a weighted mean cadmium concentration of 1.76 μg/L (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

These results suggest that to minimize the effect of gejang consumption on blood cadmium level, gejang intake should be limited to four or less times per week and 200 cm3 or less per month. Weekly intake of at least five times and monthly intake of more than 200 cm3 may increase blood cadmium levels.


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  • Relationship between crustacean consumption and serum perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) cycle 4
    Sung Woo Huh, Seong-yong Cho, Seongyong Yoon, Daehwan Kim, Hyun Woo Park, Jisoo Kang, Keon Woo Kim
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Systematic Review on Metal Dynamics and Marine Toxicity Risk Assessment Using Crustaceans as Bioindicators
    Paloma de Almeida Rodrigues, Rafaela Gomes Ferrari, Lilian Seiko Kato, Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis, Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
    Biological Trace Element Research.2022; 200(2): 881.     CrossRef
  • Regular crabmeat consumers do not show increased urinary cadmium or beta-2-microglobulin levels compared to non-crabmeat consumers
    Karlee N. Dyck, Shabina Bashir, Graham W. Horgan, Alan A. Sneddon
    Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology.2019; 52: 22.     CrossRef
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Research Article
The relationship between night work and involuntary weight change: data from the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES 2010–2012)
Jongho Kwon, Jung-Woo Park, Jin-Soo Park, Seyoung Kim, Hyunrim Choi, Sinye Lim
Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:4.   Published online January 29, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0088-1
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

Previous studies on the association between shift or night work and weight change have been focused on finding the risk of weight gain caused by shift or night work. In this study, we aimed to reveal the risk of weight gain and weight loss associated with night work by using a nationwide representative data.

Methods

This study was performed on 1605 full-time wage workers between the age of 20 and 69 based on the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES 2010–2012). The association between night work and involuntary weight change in the previous year was divided into the categories of weight gain and weight loss and studied with modifications in socio-demographic variables, health behavior-related variables, and occupational characteristic variables.

Results

The participants working in night work accounted for 10.6 % of total study participants (male; 11.9 %, female 7.4 %). Workers who worked more than 48 hours per week on average accounted for 41.6 % of the total study participants (male; 46.3 %, female 29.1 %).

Odds ratio (OR) of weight loss associated with night work in male workers was 0.34 (95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.16–0.76) after controlling for several related factors. OR of weight loss associated with night work in female workers with long working hours was 1.95 (95 % CI 0.47–80.86) and that of weight gain was 2.83 (95 % CI 0.12–69.83) after adjusting associated factors.

Conclusions

In this cross-sectional study with national representative sample, night work may lower the risk of weight loss in male workers and induce weight change (weight loss or weight gain) in female workers with long working hours. Therefore, future studies with cohort study design for night workers are needed to reveal the mechanisms and health effects of weight change associated with night work and establish proper management solutions with health and labor policies for Korean night workers.


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  • Masa Başı Çalışanlarında Emosyonel Durum ve Yeme Tutumunun Değerlendirilmesi
    Saliha YURTÇİÇEK EREN, Gözde ÇALIŞKAN AKIMAL, Neşe ÖZDEMİR
    Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care.2023; 17(4): 497.     CrossRef
  • Assessment of the Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on the Nutritional Status and Lipid Profile of Employees in a Teaching Hospital in Rome: A Retrospective Cohort Study
    Lorenza Lia, Eleonora Ricci, Corrado Colaprico, Eleonora Di Legge, Augusto Faticoni, Lorenzo Maria Donini, Giuseppe La Torre
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(8): 4549.     CrossRef
  • Effect of work-related factors on the prevalence of peptic ulcer disease among Korean workers: a nationwide population-based study
    Youn I Choi, Jun-Won Chung, Kyoung Oh Kim, Kwang An Kwon, Yoon Jae Kim, Dong Kyun Park
    International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health.2020; 93(8): 965.     CrossRef
  • Changing patterns of multiple sclerosis in Korea: Toward a more baseline MRI lesions and intrathecal humoral immune responses
    Hyun-June Shin, Jae-Won Hyun, Su-Hyun Kim, Min Su Park, Eun Hee Sohn, Seol-Hee Baek, Byung-Jo Kim, Kyomin Choi, Jeeyoung Oh, Joong-Yang Cho, Ohyun Kwon, Woojun Kim, Jee-Eun Kim, Ju-Hong Min, Byoung Joon Kim, Sun-Young Oh, Jong Seok Bae, Kee Hong Park, Jun
    Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders.2019; 35: 209.     CrossRef
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    Emmanuel Adeyanju, Chukwueloka Austin Okeke
    SN Applied Sciences.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Spontaneous and repeat spontaneous abortion risk in relation to occupational characteristics among working Korean women: a cross-sectional analysis of nationally representative data from Korea
    Wanhyung Lee, Sung Won Jung, Young-Mee Lim, Kyung-Jae Lee, June-Hee Lee
    BMC Public Health.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Weight gain and body mass index following change from daytime to night shift – a panel study with nursing professionals
    Kali Siqueria, Rosane Griep, Lúcia Rotenberg, Aline Silva-Costa, Maria de Jesus Mendes da Fonseca
    Chronobiology International.2016; 33(6): 776.     CrossRef
  • Effects of shift work on abdominal obesity among 20–39-year-old female nurses: a 5-year retrospective longitudinal study
    Gyeong-Jin Lee, Kunhyung Kim, Se-yeong Kim, Jeong-Ho Kim, Chunhui Suh, Byung-Chul Son, Chae-Kwan Lee, Junghye Choi
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2016;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Research Article
Factors associated with health-related quality of life in Korean older workers
Sujin Hong, Harin Jeong, Yunjeong Heo, Hosun Chun, Jongtae Park, Daeseong Kim
Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:25.   Published online November 30, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0077-9
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

The prevalence of aged individuals in the Korean workforce continues to increase. This research determined the health and working conditions of Korean older wage workers and confirmed the effects of factors on the health-related quality of life of Korean older workers.

Methods

Of the 25,534 persons surveyed in the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1368 older (>55 years of age) wage workers without missing variables were selected. Their general characteristics, health status (cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal disease, and mental health), working conditions (type of occupation, employment status, full- or part-time work, weekly average working hours, and shift work), and health-related quality of life assessed by the EQ-5D questionnaire were examined.

Results

The mean values of the EQ-5D index of the male and female older workers were 0.956 ± 0.087 and 0.917 ± 0.124, respectively (p < 0.001). The factors that caused statistically significant differences in the EQ-5D index for all subjects were age, education, household income, cerebro-cardiovascular event, osteoarthritis, musculoskeletal pain, stress, occupation type, employment status, and working hours. In logistic regression analysis, the factors that associated with perceived problems in each EQ-5D dimensions were age, musculoskeletal pain, stress, diabetes, smoking, occupation type, employment status, and working hours.

Conclusions

To eventually raise the quality of life of older workers through health maintenance and management, it is necessary to manage related factors that include of musculoskeletal pain and diseases, stress, diabetes, smoking, occupation, employment status, and working hours.


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    Nahed T. Zeini, Ahmed E. Okasha, Amal S. Soliman
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    Svitlana Indyka
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    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(4): 1459.     CrossRef
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    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(5): 2626.     CrossRef
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Research Article
Vitamin D status and associated occupational factors in Korean wage workers: data from the 5th Korea national health and nutrition examination survey (KNHANES 2010–2012)
Harin Jeong, Sujin Hong, Yunjeong Heo, Hosun Chun, Daeseong Kim, Jongtae Park, Mo-yeol Kang
Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26:28-28.   Published online September 16, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-014-0028-x
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

Vitamin D deficiency is increasing worldwide. However, few studies have attempted to examine the vitamin D status of wage workers and the correlation between vitamin D deficiency and working conditions. Hence, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and the association between occupational conditions and vitamin D deficiency among Korean wage workers.

Methods

Wage workers aged 20–65 years from the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES 2010–2012; n = 5409) were included in our analysis. We measured the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and identified the correlations with the working conditions of these subjects.

Results

The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in male and female subjects was 69.5% and 83.1%, respectively. Among the male subjects, a significant correlation between vitamin D deficiency and working conditions was observed among shift workers, office workers, and permanent workers. No significant correlation with any type of working conditions was observed among female subjects.

Conclusion

The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among Korean wage workers was very high and was found to correlate significantly with working conditions, likely because of insufficient exposure to sunlight associated with certain types of work. Wage workers require more frequent outdoor activity and nutrition management to maintain sufficient vitamin D level.


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