Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Original Article

Relationship between job stress and impaired fasting glucose in male steel industry workers: a cross-sectional study: Hyun-Kyo Lee, Inho Lee, Jisuk Yun, Yong-Jin Lee, Eun-Chul Jang, Young-Sun Min, Soon-Chan Kwon; Ann Occup Environ Med 2023;35:e12. Published online June 2, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2023.35.e12

Abstract Abstract in Korean PDF PubReader ePub: Background
The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between job stress and impaired fasting glycemia (IFG) of male workers in a manufacturing industry.
Methods
Data were collected from 5,886 male workers in a manufacturing industry who participated in the medical examination from June 19 to August 14, 2020 through self-reported questionnaires. The general characteristics of the subjects, shift work, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and job stress were included. Job stress was measured using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) consisting of 8 items and 43 questions. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the IFG association with job stress.
Results
Among the various factors that can cause job stress, only high job demand was associated with a risk of IFG (odds ratio, 1.43; 95% confidence interval, 1.13–1.82) especially in non-shift worker. For all other factors, no statistically significant results were obtained.
Conclusions
In this study of male workers engaged in the Korean steel manufacturing industry, the 'job demand' item among job stress of non-shift worker was related to IFG.; 철강 공장에 근무하는 남성 근로자의 직무 스트레스와 공복혈당장애와의 관계: 단면연구
목적
제2형 당뇨와 직무 스트레스와의 관계를 다룬 여러 연구가 있었으나 공복혈당장애와의 관계를 조사한 연구 결과는 존재하지 않았다. 본 연구는 단일 철강 사업장에서 직무스트레스와 공복혈당장애의 관련성을 확인하되 한국형 직무스트레스 각각 항목과의 연관성을 파악하고자 하였다.
방법
2020년 6월 19일부터 8월 14일까지 건강검진에 참여한 제조업 남성 근로자 5,886명을 대상으로 자체 보고 설문지를 통해 자료를 수집하였다. 변수로 대상자의 일반적인 특성 및 교대근무, 재직년수, 고혈압, 이상지질혈증, 직무스트레스 점수가 포함되었다. 직무스트레스는 8개 항목과 43개 질문으로 구성된 한국직업스트레스척도(KOSS)를 이용하여 측정되었다. 다중 로지스틱 회귀 분석을 사용하여 직무 스트레스와 IFG의 연관성을 조사하였다.
결과
직무스트레스를 유발할 수 있는 다양한 요인 중, 비 야간작업자의 높은 직무요구도만이 IFG(OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.13-1.82)의 위험 증가와 관련이 있었다. 다른 모든 요인의 경우 통계적으로 유의한 결과가 얻어지지 않았다.
결론
철강 제조업에 종사하는 남성 근로자들을 대상으로 한 본 연구에서 직무 스트레스 중 ‘직무 요구’ 항목은 비 야간작업자의 공복혈당장애와 관련이 있었다. 향후 다양한 직업군을 대상으로 한 후속 연구가 필요할 것이다.

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Research Article

Effects of job stress on symptoms of bipolar spectrum disorder in an electronic parts manufacturing company: Hyeonchoel Oh, Kihun Kim, Taewoong Ha, Jungwon Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2020;32:e25. Published online July 13, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e25

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Background

Mental illness is known to be caused by genetic, biological, and environmental risk factors. Although previous studies have established the link between mental illness and job stress, most of them are limited to major depression disorder. Therefore, this study examined the relationship between job stress and bipolar spectrum disorder (BSD).

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study based on a survey conducted in April 2017 at an electronic parts manufacturing company in Busan. In a total of 441 workers, the degree of BSD was identified using the Korean version of the Mood Disorder Questionnaire, and the degree of job stress was identified using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale Short Form. This study also identified general characteristics of workers and job-related factors. The χ² test and Fisher's exact test was conducted to determine the differences among the variables, based on BSD. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the influence of independent variables on BSD.

Results

Cross-analysis showed significant differences between the BSD high-risk and low-risk groups regarding age, sex, occupation, smoking, problem drinking, job stress total score, occupational climate, and major depression disorder symptom. In addition, the significant differences between the BSD high-risk and low-risk groups about job stress were observed in terms of job demand, job insecurity, and occupational climate. A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the high-risk group in the job stress group had a higher effect on BSD than the low-risk group (odds ratio [OR]: 2.32, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10–4.88). Among the categories of job stress, high-risk groups in 3 areas—job demand (OR: 2.56, 95% CI: 1.27–5.17), job insecurity (OR: 4.42, 95% CI: 1.19–16.42), and occupational climate (OR: 2.55, 95% CI: 1.29–5.05)—were more likely to have an impact on BSD than the low-risk groups.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that the high-risk groups of job stress total score, job demand, job insecurity, and occupational climate had a more significant effect on BSD than the low-risk groups. As workers with BSD may have difficulties in their work and personal lives, there is a need to manage job stress to prevention of BSD.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Job retention for people with bipolar disorder: A qualitative analysis
Elise Marion‐Paris, Emma Beetlestone, Raphaël Paris, Mouloud Bouhadfane, Antoine Villa, Marie‐Pascale Lehucher‐Michel
Scandinavian Journal of Psychology.2023; 64(2): 171. CrossRef
The clinical characterization of the adult patient with bipolar disorder aimed at personalization of management
Roger S. McIntyre, Martin Alda, Ross J. Baldessarini, Michael Bauer, Michael Berk, Christoph U. Correll, Andrea Fagiolini, Kostas Fountoulakis, Mark A. Frye, Heinz Grunze, Lars V. Kessing, David J. Miklowitz, Gordon Parker, Robert M. Post, Alan C. Swann,
World Psychiatry.2022; 21(3): 364. CrossRef

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Research Article

A study of job stress, suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in display manufacturing workers: a cross-sectional study: Seung-hwan Ahn, Yong-Jin Lee, Eun-Chul Jang, Soon-Chan Kwon, Young-Sun Min, Seung-Hoon Ryu; Ann Occup Environ Med 2020;32:e16. Published online June 2, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e16

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Background

This study aimed to investigate the association between job stress and suicide ideation/attempts among display manufacturing workers.

Methods

Data were collected from 836 workers in a display manufacturing company who participated in health screenings from May 22 to June 16, 2017. The data included general characteristics, night work, job tenure, previous physician-diagnosed chronic diseases, suicidal ideation/suicide attempts, and job stress. We investigated suicidal ideation/suicide attempts that covered the past year by using a self-reported questionnaire. Job stress was measured using the 43-item Korean Occupational Stress Scale. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between job stress and suicidal ideation/suicide attempts. The mediator effect of depression on suicidal ideation/suicide attempts was tested using a series of logistic regression by applying Baron and Kenny's mediation method.

Results

In the model adjusting for variables (e.g., age, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, regular exercise, shift work, job tenure, chronic disease and depression), physical environment (OR: 3.60, 95% CI: 1.08–12.02), lack of reward (OR: 5.31, 95% CI: 1.54–18.34), and occupation climate (OR: 7.36, 95% CI: 2.28–23.72) were correlated with suicidal ideation/suicide attempts in women. However, all subscales of job stress were not significantly correlated with suicidal ideation/suicide attempts in men. In mediation analysis, job instability and occupational climate were correlated with suicidal ideation/suicide attempts and were mediated by depression in men workers.

Conclusions

In women workers, the experiences of suicidal ideation/suicide attempts were significantly correlated with the physical environment, lack of reward, and occupational climate that were subscales of job stress. In men workers, depression rather than job stress was correlated with experiences of suicidal ideation/suicide attempts.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Relationship between job stress and impaired fasting glucose in male steel industry workers: a cross-sectional study
Hyun-Kyo Lee, Inho Lee, Jisuk Yun, Yong-Jin Lee, Eun-Chul Jang, Young-Sun Min, Soon-Chan Kwon
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
General work stress and suicide cognitions in health-care workers: mediating effect of hopelessness and job satisfaction
Abdulselami Sarigül, Alican Kaya, Izaddin Ahmad Aziz, Murat Yıldırım, Halil Ibrahim Özok, Francesco Chirico, Salvatore Zaffina
Frontiers in Public Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Overview of the suicidal phenomenon in twenty-years autopsies at the Legal Medicine Unit of Pavia
G. Belli, V. Bolcato, J. Quaiotti, D. Cassinari, L. Tarchi, L. Tronconi, S. Damiani, N. Brondino, P. Politi, M. Moretti
Ethics, Medicine and Public Health.2022; 21: 100756. CrossRef

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Research Article

Relationship between job stress and functional dyspepsia in display manufacturing sector workers: a cross-sectional study: Younghyeon Nam, Soon-Chan Kwon, Yong-Jin Lee, Eun-Chul Jang, Seung-hwan Ahn; Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:62. Published online October 19, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0274-4

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Background

Job stress has been reported as a risk factor of psychological changes, which have been shown to be related to gastrointestinal diseases and symptoms such as functional dyspepsia. However, few studies have assessed the relationship between job stress and functional dyspepsia. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between job stress and functional dyspepsia in South Korea.

Methods

This study was conducted between May 23 and July 6, 2016 and included 901 workers in the display manufacturing sector. Subjects completed self-reported questionnaires, regarding Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS), functional dyspepsia, Insomnia Severity Index-K, and health-related behaviors and job characteristics. Subjects were divided into functional dyspepsia-positive and -negative groups based on the Rome III criteria. The KOSS high-risk group was defined as subjects with KOSS score above the 75 percentile of KOSS reference value. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between job stress and functional dyspepsia.

Results

In women, the risk of functional dyspepsia was significantly higher in the high-risk groups of the following KOSS subcategories in unadjusted model: job demand (OR 3.282, 95% CI 1.181–9.126), and occupational climate (OR 2.665, 95% CI 1.041–6.823). Even in adjusted model, the risk was significantly higher in the high-risk groups of the following KOSS subcategories: job demand (OR 3.123, 95% CI 1.036–9.416) and occupational climate (OR 3.304, 95% CI 1.198–9.115). In men, the risk of functional dyspepsia was not significant in all KOSS subcategories.

Conclusions

This study showed that job demand and occupational climates were associated with functional dyspepsia in female display manufacturing sector workers. Therefore, both clinical and mental health approaches should be used in the management of functional dyspepsia in women.

Citations

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Relationship between job stress and impaired fasting glucose in male steel industry workers: a cross-sectional study
Hyun-Kyo Lee, Inho Lee, Jisuk Yun, Yong-Jin Lee, Eun-Chul Jang, Young-Sun Min, Soon-Chan Kwon
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Research Article

Changes of depression and job stress in workers after merger without downsizing: Jun Ick Jung, Jun Seok Son, Young Ouk Kim, Chang Ho Chae, Chan Woo Kim, Hyoung Ouk Park, Jun Ho Lee, Young Hoo Shin, Jea Chul Ha; Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:54. Published online August 29, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0266-4

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Background

Since the 1980s, restructuring, which includes downsizing, closures, mergers, and privatization, has expanded worldwide, and various studies have investigated its effect on health. However, previous studies have mainly focused on restructuring accompanied by massive lay-offs, and the effect of a merger on workers’ health is still controversial. This study aims to investigate changes in worker depression and job stress after a merger without downsizing, which is unusual in Korea.

Methods

Repeated surveys were done in April 2014, April 2015, and April 2016 involving the participation of 209 subjects. Participants were divided into two groups, which were comprised of blue-collar workers (104) and white-collar workers (105). Sociodemographic characteristics, including age, education level, job tenure, gender, marital status, smoking status, and alcohol consumption, were measured via a survey. To determine the level of depression, the Korean version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was employed, and to investigate job stress, the Korean Occupational Stress Scale-Short Form (KOSS-SF) was used. For statistical analyses, Pearson’s chi-square test, the Student’s t-test, and repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed.

Results

The results showed that depression (CES-D, F[2, 400] = 0.466, p = 0.628) was changed but without significance and job stress (KOSS-SF, F[1.899, 379.831] = 3.192, p = 0.045) were significantly different. The between-group difference in the CES-D score between the blue- and white-collar workers by survey administration time was not statistically significant (F = 0.316, p = 0.574). The interaction between the survey time and occupational group was also not statistically significant (F = 0.967, p = 0.381). The between-group difference in the KOSS-SF total score was not statistically significant (F = 1.132, p = 0.289), and the interaction between the survey administration time and occupational group was also not significant (F = 0.817, p = 0.437). In the job stress subgroup analyses Job insecurity and Lack of reward showed a significant difference by survey administration time.

Conclusion

This study showed that a merger without massive downsizing can cause negative health effects such as an changes in depression and increase in job stress. To improve the health of workers, both the immediate negative effects on health, and the long-term effects or their resolution over time should be considered prior to the merger.

Citations

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A Review of Psychological Stress among Students and Its Assessment Using Salivary Biomarkers
Bruno Špiljak, Maja Vilibić, Ana Glavina, Marija Crnković, Ana Šešerko, Liborija Lugović-Mihić
Behavioral Sciences.2022; 12(10): 400. CrossRef

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Research Article

Working hours and depressive symptoms: the role of job stress factors: Yeogyeong Yoon, Jia Ryu, Hyunjoo Kim, Chung won Kang, Kyunghee Jung-Choi; Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:46. Published online July 13, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0257-5

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Background

South Korea is one of the countries with the longest working hours in the OECD countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of working hours on depressive symptoms and the role of job stress factors between the two variables among employees in South Korea.

Methods

This study used data from the Korea Working Conditions Survey in 2014. Study subjects included 23,197 employees aged 19 years or older who work more than 35 h per week. Working hours were categorized into 35–39, 40, 41–52, 53–68, and more than 68 h per week. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the WHO’s Well-Being Index with a cut-off score of 13. We calculated prevalence ratios of depressive symptoms according to working hours using log-binomial regression. Through the percentage change in prevalence ratios, we identified the extent of the role of job stress factors that explain depressive symptoms.

Results

The risks of depressive symptoms were significantly higher in people who worked 35–39 h per week (PR: 1.09, CI: 1.01–1.18), 53–68 h/week (PR: 1.21, CI: 1.16–1.25), and more than 68 h/week (PR: 1.14, CI: 1.07–1.21) than 40 h/week, after adjusting for confounding variables. Job stress explained the effects of long working hours on depressive symptoms in about 20–40% of the groups working more than 40 h/week. Among the factors of job stress, social support was 10–30%, which showed the highest explanatory power in all working hours. Reward explained 15–30% in the more than 52 h working group, and reward was the most important factor in the working group that exceeded 68 h.

Conclusions

We showed the working hours could be an independent risk factor for depressive symptoms in employees. To improve workers’ mental health, it is important to strengthen social support in the workplace, to provide adequate rewards as they work, and ultimately to regulate the appropriate amount of working hours.

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Depressive Symptoms among Industrial Workers in Vietnam and Correlated Factors: A Multi-Site Survey
Bach Xuan Tran, Giang Thu Vu, Kiet Tuan Huy Pham, Quan-Hoang Vuong, Manh-Tung Ho, Thu-Trang Vuong, Hong-Kong T. Nguyen, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Carl A. Latkin, Cyrus S.H. Ho, Roger C.M. Ho
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2019; 16(9): 1642. CrossRef

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Research Article

Association between organizational justice and depressive symptoms among securities company workers: HyunSuk Lee, KangHyun Um, YoungSu Ju, Sukkoun Lee, Min Choi, Domyung Paek, Seong-Sik Cho; Ann Occup Environ Med 2019;31:e7. Published online June 5, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2019.31.e7

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Background

The organizational justice model can evaluate job stressor from decision-making process, attitude of managerial or senior staff toward their junior workers, and unfair resource distribution. Stress from organizational injustice could be harmful to workers' mental health. The purpose of this study is to explore the association between organizational justice and depressive symptoms in a securities company.

Methods

To estimate organizational justice, a translated Moorman's organizational justice evaluation questionnaire (Korean) was employed. Cronbach's α coefficient was estimated to assess the internal consistency of the translated questionnaire. To assess depressive symptoms, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale was used. The link between the sub-concepts of the organizational justice model and depressive symptoms was assessed utilizing multiple logistic regression models.

Results

The risk of depressive symptoms was significantly higher among workers with higher levels of all subcategory of organizational injustice. In the full adjusted model odds ratio (OR) of higher level of procedural injustice 2.79 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.58–4.90), OR of the higher level of relational injustice 4.25 (95% CI, 2.66–6.78), OR of higher level of distributional injustice 4.53 (95% CI, 2.63–7.83) respectively. Cronbach's α coefficient of the Korean version was 0.93 for procedural justice, 0.93 for relational justice, and 0.95 for distributive justice.

Conclusions

A higher level of organizational injustice was linked to higher prevalence of depressive symptoms among workers in a company of financial industry.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Organizational Justice and Health: Reviewing Two Decades of Studies
Laura Cachón-Alonso, Marko Elovainio, Richard Crisp
Journal of Theoretical Social Psychology.2022; 2022: 1. CrossRef
Effects of procedural justice on prospective antidepressant medication prescription: a longitudinal study on Swedish workers
Viktor Persson, Constanze Eib, Claudia Bernhard-Oettel, Constanze Leineweber
BMC Public Health.2020;[Epub] CrossRef

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Research Article

Association between supervisors’ behavior and wage workers’ job stress in Korea: analysis of the fourth Korean working conditions survey: Shin Uk Kang, Byeong Jin Ye, ByoungGwon Kim, Jung Il Kim, Jung Woo Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2017;29:43. Published online October 11, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-017-0199-3

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Background

In modern society, many workers are stressed. Supervisors’ support or behavior can affect the emotional or psychological part of the worker. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of supervisor’s behavior on worker’s stress.

Methods

The study included 19,272 subjects following the assignment of weighted values to workers other than soldiers using data from the Fourth Korean Working Condition Survey. Supervisors’ behavior was measured using 5 items: “supervisor feedback regarding work,” “respectful attitude,” “good conflict-resolution ability,” “good work-related planning and organizational ability,” and the encouragement of participation in important decision making. Job stress was measured using 1 item: “I experience stress at work.” Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the effects of supervisors’ behavioral, general, occupational, and psychosocial characteristics on job stress in workers. Organizational characteristics associated with supervisors’ behavior were also analyzed.

Results

The results showed that supervisors’ provision of feedback regarding work increased workers’ job stress (OR = 1.329, 95% CI = 1.203 ~ 1.468). When a supervisor respect workers (OR = 0.812, 95% CI = 0.722 ~ 0.913) or good at planning and organizing works (OR = 0.816, 95% CI: 0.732 ~ 0.910), workers’ job stress decreased. In particular, the two types of supervisor behaviors, other than feedback regarding work, were high in private-sector organizations employing less than 300 employees.

Conclusion

Supervisors’ behavior influenced job stress levels in workers. Therefore, it is necessary to increase education regarding the effects of supervisors’ behavior on job stress, which should initially be provided in private-sector organizations with up to 300 employees.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Job security in the apparel industry in Sri Lanka
Wasantha Rajapakshe, T.G.S.D. Chandrasiri
Work Organisation, Labour & Globalisation.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between night work and dyslipidemia in South Korean men and women: a cross-sectional study
Jae Hong Joo, Doo Woong Lee, Dong-Woo Choi, Eun-Cheol Park
Lipids in Health and Disease.2019;[Epub] CrossRef

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Research Article

Self-resilience as a protective factor against development of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in police officers: Jong-Ku Lee, Hyeon-Gyeong Choi, Jae-Yeop Kim, Juhyun Nam, Hee-Tae Kang, Sang-Baek Koh, Sung-Soo Oh; Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:58. Published online October 17, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0145-9

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Background

This study was conducted to check whether self-resilience, one of the characteristics known to affect the occurrence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms after experiencing traumatic events, could serve as a protective factor for police officers whose occupational factors are corrected.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study in which 112 male police officers in Gangwon Province participated. They visited the Wonju Severance Christian Hospital Occupational Environment Center for medical check-ups from June to December 2015. Their general characteristics were identified using structured questionnaires, and they were asked to fill in the Korean Occupational Stress Scale-Short Form (KOSS-SF). Further, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale-Korean (CD-RI-K), and Impact of Event Scale-Revised-Korean version (IES-R-K) were used to evaluate their job stress, depression, self-resilience, and PTSD symptoms. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to correct their personal, occupational, and psychological factors to analyze the relationship between self-resilience and PTSD symptoms.

Results

Among 112 respondents who experienced a traumatic event, those with low self-resilience had significantly higher rate of PTSD symptoms than those with high self-resilience even after correcting for the covariate of general, occupational, and psychological characteristics (odds ratio [OR] 3.51; 95 % CI: 1.06–19.23).

Conclusions

Despite several limitations, these results suggest that a high degree of self-resilience may protect police officers from critical incident-related PTSD symptoms.

Citations

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Rotem Saar-Ashkenazy, Yoav S. Bergman, Omer Ashkenazy, Jonathan Guez
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Milla Arabadjian, Zoe T. Duberstein, Sarah H. Sperber, Kiranjot Kaur, Jolaade Kalinowski, Yuhe Xia, Anaïs Hausvater, Olivia O'Hare, Nathaniel R. Smilowitz, Victoria Vaughan Dickson, Hua Zhong, Jeffrey S. Berger, Judith S. Hochman, Harmony R. Reynolds, Tan
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Mustafa Enes Işıkgöz, Turan Sezan, Abdullah Yüksel
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Kento Yasuhara, Kristina Morreale, Dijonee Talley, Danielle T. Cooper, Michelle Hoy‐Watkins, Kendell L. Coker
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Vanessa Ferreira Monteiro, Simone Souza da Costa Silva
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Hye-Kyung Oh, Cheol Yeung Jang, Mi Suk Ko
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Xiaorong Mao, Olivia WM Fung, Xiuying Hu, Alice Yuen Loke
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Saraswati Dhungana, Rishav Koirala, Saroj Prasad Ojha, Suraj Bahadur Thapa
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Magdalena Maja Sitko-Dominik, Tomasz Daniel Jakubowski
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Brian A. Moore, Willie J. Hale, Jason L. Judkins, Alan L. Peterson
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Cheryl Regehr, Mary G. Carey, Shannon Wagner, Lynn E. Alden, Nicholas Buys, Wayne Corneil, Trina Fyfe, Lynda Matthews, Christine Randall, Marc White, Alex Fraess-Phillips, Elyssa Krutop, Nicole White, Matthew Fleischmann
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Research Article

The association between Korean workers’ presenteeism and psychosocial factors within workplaces: Yun-Sik Cho, Jae Bum Park, Kyung-Jong Lee, Kyoung-Bok Min, Chul-In Baek; Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:41. Published online September 7, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0124-1

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Background

Presenteeism, a concept that has recently undergone active study, is the act of attending work while sick. This study investigates the association between presenteeism and various psychosocial factors within workplaces.

Methods

This study analyzed 29246 wage earners from the third Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS, 2011) data using the logistic regression analysis to investigate the association between presenteeism and various psychosocial factors within workplaces.

Results

Among the 29246 wage earners, 6347 (21.7 %) showed presenteeism. Those who experienced age discrimination at work (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.77: 95 % CI 1.56–2.00), educational background discrimination (aOR 1.35: 95 % CI 1.22–1.51), regional discrimination (aOR 1.55: 95 % CI 1.31–1.83), sexual discrimination (aOR 1.65: 95 % CI 1.41–1.94), employment type discrimination (aOR 2.13: 95 % CI 1.89–2.40), physical violence (aOR 1.92: 95 % CI 1.45–2.55), sexual harassment (aOR 2.90: 95 % CI 2.01–4.19), job insecurity (aOR 1.36: 95 % CI 1.18–1.56), work–life imbalance (aOR 1.38: 95 % CI 1.29–1.47), low job satisfaction (aOR 2.04: 95 % CI 1.91–2.17), no colleague support (aOR 1.11: 95 % CI 1.02–1.21), job stress (aOR 1.89: 95 % CI 1.76–2.02), emotional labor (aOR 1.50: 95 % CI 1.41–1.60), high work intensity (aOR 1.31: 95 % CI 1.23–1.38), and 3 groups of job strain that are passive group (aOR 1.09: 95 % CI 1.00–1.18), active group (aOR 1.39: 95 % CI 1.28–1.51), and high strain group (aOR 1.35: 95 % CI 1.24–1.46) showed an increased risk of presenteeism compared to their respective counterparts (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

The study results confirmed the association between presenteeism and various psychosocial factors within workplaces. Considering that presenteeism negatively affects productivity and the mental and physical health of individuals, managing various psychosocial factors within workplaces is proposed to reduce presenteeism.

Citations

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Myeong-Hun Lim, Min-Seok Kim, Seong-Uk Baek, Tae-Yeon Kim, Jong-Uk Won, Jin-Ha Yoon
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health.2024; 97(5): 537. CrossRef
Effects of Parental Workplace Discrimination on Sickness Presenteeism
Joachim Gerich, Martina Beham-Rabanser
Social Sciences.2024; 13(1): 70. CrossRef
UMA TEORIA DO PRESENTEÍSMO PARA ALÉM DA DOENÇA E UMA FERRAMENTA PARA SUA MENSURAÇÃO
Salim Yılmaz, Selma Söyük
Revista de Administração de Empresas.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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Salim Yılmaz, Selma Söyük
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Lucas Barros de Araujo, Luiz Almeida da Silva, Alexandre de Assis Bueno, Mikael Henrique de Jesus Batista, Ludmila Grego Maia, Hudson de Oliveira Silva
Revista Contemporânea.2024; 4(7): e4946. CrossRef
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Carolin Dietz, Hannes Zacher
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Myeong-Hun Lim, Jin-Ha Yoon, Won-Tae Lee, Min-Seok Kim, Seong-Uk Baek, Jong-Uk Won
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(5): 4065. CrossRef
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Ana Catarina Maurício, Carlos Laranjeira
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Timo-Kolja Pförtner, Ibrahim Demirer
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Martin Lauzier, Kathleen Lalande, Pierre-Marc Dion, Marie-Hélène Chomienne, Jean Grenier, Julia Rodrigues
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Svetlana Lakiša, Linda Matisāne, Inese Gobiņa, Hans Orru, Ivars Vanadziņš
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Alper USLUKAYA, Zülfü DEMİRTAŞ, Müslim ALANOĞLU
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Presenteizm, Kişisel Başarı Güdüsü, Para Sevgisi, Ücretten Tatmin ve İş Tatmini Arasındaki İlişkiye Yönelik Ampirik Bir Çalışma
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Deulle Min, Su Jeong Lee
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Davood Afshari, Payam Amini, Behnoush Jafari, Ghasem Akbari
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Pei Pei, Guohua Lin, Gaojie Li, Yifan Zhu, Xiaoyu Xi
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Aline Silva-Costa, Pollyana C. S. Ferreira, Rosane H. Griep, Lucia Rotenberg
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Sookja Choi, Yunjeong Yi, Jiyun Kim
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International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health.2017; 90(6): 539. CrossRef
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Research Article

A study on the relationship between job stress and nicotine dependence in Korean workers: Seung Rak Son, Byeong Moo Choe, Seong Hwan Kim, Young Seoub Hong, Byoung Gwon Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:27. Published online June 10, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0113-4

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Background

Nicotine dependence and its severity are often determined by individuals’ psychosocial factors.This study purposed to analyze how Korean workers’ job stress is related with their nicotine dependence according to demographic and occupational characteristics in order to reduce smoking related to job stress and to establish objective indicators to be used in developing adequate smoking cessation strategies.

Methods

The subjects of this study were 4,639 workers who replied to the questionnaire survey. In addition, 1,948 current smokers were separated from non-smokers and ex-smokers, and the relationship between job stress and nicotine dependence was analyzed with the current smoker group. Nicotine dependence was tested using Fagerström’s Test of Nicotine Dependence, and stress was measured using a questionnaire on subjective stress felt by workers in their daily life and the short form of the Korean Occupational Stress Scale.

Results

The smoking rate was 54.1 % among men and 2.5 % among women. Nicotine dependence was significantly different according to interpersonal conflict, organization system and lack of reward (p < 0.05). As multivariate logistic analysis, job control, occupational climate and total stress score were statistical significant (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Job stress was found to be related with smoking status and nicotine dependence. Based on this result, it is suggested to enhance workers’ welfare for health promotion in workplace by improving their working environment in order to reduce job stress and consequently to decrease the smoking rate.

Citations

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Research Article

Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory as related factor for post traumatic stress disorder symptoms according to job stress level in experienced firefighters: 5–year study: In-Sung Chung, Mi-Young Lee, Sung-Won Jung, Chang-Wook Nam; Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:16. Published online June 5, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0067-y

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

As first responders to an increasing number of natural and manmade disasters, active-duty firefighters are at increased risk for physical and psychiatric impairment as reflected by high rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Because little is known about related factor with PTSD according to job stress level among firefighters, we assessed utility of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) using 5-year medical surveillance.

Methods

Data were analyzed from 185 male firefighters without psychiatric disease history and who at assessments in 2006 and 2011 completed all questionnaires on personal behaviors (including exercise, drinking and smoking habits) and job history (including job duration and department). MMPI, Events Scale-Revised-Korean version (IES-R-K) and Korean Occupational Stress Scale-Short Form (KOSS-SF) were used to screen for personality trait, PTSD symptom presence and job stress level, respectively. IES-R-K subgroups were compared using two-sample t- and χ2 tests, and factors influencing IES-R-K according to KOSS-SF were determined using uni- and multivariate logistic regression.

Results

Mean age and job duration were higher in PTSD-positive than negative groups. In multivariate analysis, increased PTSD risk was associated with: job duration (Odds ratio (OR) = 1.064, 95 % CI 1.012–1.118) for firefighters overall; masculinity-femininity (OR = 5.304, 95 % CI 1.191–23.624) and job duration (OR = 1.126, 95 % CI 1.003–1.265) for lower job stress level; and social introversion (OR = 3.727, 95 % CI 1.096–12.673) for higher job stress level.

Conclusions

MMPI relates with PTSD according to job stress level among experienced firefighters. Masculinity-femininity and social introversion were the strongest related factor for PTSD symptom development in low and high job stress levels, respectively.

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Research Article

Relationship between Occupational Stress and Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Korean Male Firefighters: Min Gi Kim, Kyoo-Sang Kim, Jae-Hong Ryoo, Seung-Won Yoo; Ann Occup Environ Med 2013;25:9-9. Published online July 4, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-4374-25-9

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

A growing body of literature has documented that job stress is associated with the development of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). However, the association of WMSDs with job stress has not yet been fully studied in Korean male firefighters. The purpose of this study was to determine the status of WMSDs in almost all Korean male firefighters and to clarify the effect of job stress on the occurrence of WMSDs.

Methods

The study design was cross-sectional, and 21,466 firefighters were recruited. The study design included a structured questionnaire to assess general characteristics, the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (optional KOSS-26), Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), and WMSDs. The chi-square test, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to look for a correlation between general characteristics and job stress, and the occurrence of WMSD.

Results

Back pain is the most common WMSD. Among the job stress subgroup, physical environment, job demands, organizational system, occupational climate, lack of reward and job insecurity were related to the occurrence of WMSDs. However, insufficient job control and interpersonal conflict were not related to the occurrence of WMSDs.

Conclusion

Job stress was related to the occurrence of WMSDs in Korean male firefighters. To reduce the occurrence of WMSDs, a job stress management program may be required.

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Original Article

The Relationship between the Korean Occupational Stress Scale and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness among Male Firefighters: Sang Jun Park, Dong Kyun Lim, Mi Young Lee, In Sung Chung; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2012;24(4):420-430. Published online December 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2012.24.4.420

Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
This study examined the relationship between job stress and the common carotid intima-media thickness as an indicator of atherosclerosis (cardiovascular disease) among male firefighters in a metropolitan city.
METHODS
Between November and December 2011, a total of 838 participants were analyzed using a questionnaire, which included the participants' general characteristics, job-related factors, health-related behaviors, and job stress. Job stress was measured using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale-Short Form (KOSS-SF). The job stress data was merged with the clinical laboratory data and common carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) by a medical examination. The relationship between job stress and the CIMT was examined by multiple logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS
Multiple logistic regression analyses adjusted for the general and cardiovascular risk factors revealed, the organizational system (adjusted OR 1.381 95% CI=1.005~1.898) to be associated with the right CIMT. Multiple logistic regression analyses adjusted for general and cardiovascular risk factors and job types, the occupational climate (adjusted OR 1.392, 95% CI=1.009~1.922) was also associated with the right CIMT.
CONCLUSIONS
The level of job stress, particularly in regard to the organizaional system, shows a correlation with the right CIMT. Therefore, further preventive efforts and studies of firefighters will be needed to reduce job stress and help prevent cardiovascular disease.

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Original Article

Association between Job-related Factors and Musculoskeletal Symptoms in University Hospital Healthcare Workers: Yoonbum Choi, Soo Jin Lee, Jae Chul Song, Kyu Jung Bae, Hwanjin Park; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2012;24(3):217-228. Published online September 30, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2012.24.3.217

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
To investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in university hospital healthcare workers and to evaluate the job-related factors that affect musculoskeletal symptoms.
METHODS
A questionnaire was administered to health care workers who work at the university hospital. The self-reported questionnaire included the following information: general characteristics, health behaviors, job-related factors, depression symptom, ergonomic factor, job stress, and musculoskeletal symptoms. Ergonomic factor was measured by ANSI Z-365, depression symptom by CES-D, job stress by KOSS-26 and musculoskeletal symptoms by NIOSH questionnaire.
RESULTS
A total of 1,198(64.2%) of 1,842 respondents answered and 1,183 were included in the final study population. The prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms was 53.3%. The prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms of males and females was 25.6% and 63.9%, respectively. After adjusting for confounding factors, total job stress score(OR=3.05, 95% CI=1.62~5.74), depression symptom(OR=2.18, 95% CI=1.07~4.43), ANSI Z-365 high risk group(OR=5.33, 95% CI=2.08~13.66) in males and total job stress score(OR=2.14, 95% CI=1.53~3.00), three-shift work(OR=1.81, 95% CI=1.26~2.60), nurses(OR=1.82, 95% CI=1.22~2.73), and ANSI Z-365 high risk group(OR=3.33, 95% CI=1.58~7.03) in females were significantly associated with musculoskeletal symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS
Shift work, nurses, ANSI Z-365 high risk group, depression symptom and job stress were related with musculoskeletal symptoms. In order to prevent musculoskeletal disorders, ergonomic improvements and stress reduction are required.

Citations

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Original Article

Influence of Job Stress Change on Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist Circumference among Male White-Collar Workers: A Two-Year Longitudinal Study: Jiwon Kim, Hyoung Ryoul Kim, Se Eun Kim, Sung Mi Jang, Jung Wan Koo; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2012;24(2):180-188. Published online June 30, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2012.24.2.180

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
To reveal the influence of job stress change on body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference in white-collar male workers.
METHODS
A total of 277 male workers in a Korean R&D company were enrolled between 2008 and 2010. Baseline and follow-up data were collected with structured self-administered questionnaires and anthropometric measurements by nurses. The questionnaire survey included general and work-related characteristics and the Korean Occupational Stress Scale-Short Form (KOSS-SF). The job stress scores in each examination were dichotomized at the median values for the Korean workers and categorized into four groups as follows: Group I: Both low job stress (2008, 2010), Group II: High job stress (2008) & low job stress (2010), Group III: Low job stress (2008) & high job stress (2010), Group IV: Both high job stress (2008, 2010). Multiple logistic regression modeling was used to determine the influence of job stress change on BMI and waist circumference.
RESULTS
The adjusted odds ratio for the change in waist circumference above the 75th percentile for Group IV in 'job demand' increased more than in Group I (OR = 2.54 95% CI=1.06~5.55). Also, Group IV in 'job demand' has higher odds ratio for change in BMI above the 75th percentile than Group I (OR=2.25 95% CI=1.01~5.00). Adjusted odds ratios comparing Group II to Group I for the change in waist circumference above the 75th percentile were 0.36 (95% CI=0.15~0.87) in 'inadequate social support', 0.12 (95% CI=0.02~0.98) in 'lack of reward', 0.25 (95% CI=0.08~0.80) in 'total score', respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that sustained high job control is a risk factor for abdominal obesity and weight gain. Also, diminished job stress has a negative influence on change in abdominal obesity. Further studies are required to establish job stress intervention plans.

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The association between occupational stress level and health-related productivity loss among Korean employees
Jonghee Chung, Jin-Hyo Kim, Jae Yoon Lee, Hee Seok Kang, Dong-wook Lee, Yun-Chul Hong, Mo-Yeol Kang
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Original Article

The Relationship between Temperament, Character and Job Stress of Researchers in Science and Engineering Colleges: Hwanjin Park, Koun Seok Lee, Yoonbum Choi, Kyungeun Park, Soo Jin Lee, Jaechul Song; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2012;24(2):145-157. Published online June 30, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2012.24.2.145

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to investigate the job stress level of post-graduate students in schools of natural sciences and engineering in order to evaluate the relationship between temperament, character and job stress.
METHODS
All the 254 subjects were interviewed by means of a structured questionnaire, KOSS-SF and TCI-RS. Among them, only 220 were eligible for analysis. Statistical methods used included chi-square test, independent t-test, Mann Whitney test, ANOVA test, correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis with PASW ver.18.
RESULTS
Age, degree course, working hours per week, work tenure, smoking habits, exercise, and disease history were associated with job stress and hours worked per week, smoking being associated with TCI-RS subscales. For job demand, interpersonal conflict scores were higher than Korean standard. In multiple linear regression analyses, R2 scores of temperament subscales on job stress were 0.099~0.312 and those of character subscales on job stress were 0.056~0.249.
CONCLUSIONS
Job stress was associated with the unique traits of individuals, temperament and character. In order to manage job stress, the personality, as well as work environment, was found to be important considerations.

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Dietary Life, Vitamin D Status and Blood Clinical Indices of University Laboratory Workers
Jung Hyun Hwang, Hong Mie Lee, Jung Hee Kim
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2019; 24(3): 245. CrossRef

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Original Article

The Problem Drinking and Related Factors in Female Firefighters: Seung Won Yoo, Kyoo Sang Kim, Chung Yill Park, Min Gi Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2012;24(2):124-132. Published online June 30, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2012.24.2.124

Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to investigate problem drinking and analyze factors associated with alcohol use among female firefighters, as well as to provide useful data for management of alcohol use by female firefighters.
METHODS
The study includeed 1,587 female firefighters from throught Koea. Data were collected from June to July in 2008 using self-administered questionnaires including a general questionnaire, work related questionnaire, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), the Korean Occupational Stress Scale Short Form (KOSS-26), and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD). Among 1,263 female firefighters (75.6%) surveyed, the results of 1,084 qualified questionnaires (70.5%) were analyzed using the chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and multiple logistic regression.
RESULTS
The prevalence of problem drinking (AUDIT score > or =8) in female firefighters was 12.5%. Multiple logistic analysis showed that being single, smoking and depression were correlated with problem drinking. Single female firefighter, present smokers and individuals positive for symptoms of depression had OR values of 2.11, 17.58 and 1.76, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Three factors were found to influnce the occurrence of problem drinking. Accordingly, smoking related education, counseling to cope effectively with depression and health promotion programs that consider psychological effects of job stress are needed to reduce work related factors that lead to problem drinking by female firefighters.

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Original Article

The Relationship of Physical and Psychosocial Risk Factors to Work-related Musculoskeletal Upper Extremity Symptoms amongst Male Automobile Manufacturing Workers: Ki Hyun Lee, Jin Ha Yoon, Sung Kyung Kim, In Jung Cho, Sung Soo Oh, Sung Hoon Kim, Sei Jin Chang, Bong Suk Cha, Sang Baek Koh; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2012;24(1):72-85. Published online March 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2012.24.1.72

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The objective of this study was to determine the relationship of physical and psychosocial risk factors to work-related musculoskeletal upper extremity symptoms amongst automobile manufacturing workers.
METHODS
The cross-sectional study was conducted using male automobile manufacturing workers in order to examine the relationship of physical and psychosocial risk factors to work-related musculoskeletal upper extremity symptoms. A total of 1,793 male workers were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of questions regarding general characteristics, health related behaviors, work-related characteristics, job stress, ergonomic risk factors, and the presence of musculoskeletal symptoms (neck, shoulder, arm, and hand). Work-related musculoskeletal symptoms were evaluated using the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) surveillance criteria. In order to measure the physical risk factors, the American National Standard Institute (ANSI) Z-365 Quick checklist was incorporated into the questionnaire. Job stressors were measured using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS). A binary logistic regression analysis was performed that examined the relationship of physical and psychosocial risk factors to musculoskeletal symptoms.
RESULTS
The result showed that the physical and psychosocial risk factors were associated with musculoskeletal upper extremity symptoms. The workers with high physical risk factors reported more musculoskeletal symptoms than those having low physical risk factors (OR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.56~3.62). The workers with high job stress were more likely to have an increased risk of musculoskeletal upper extremity symptom compared to those with normal job stress (OR: 2.65, 95% CI: 2.03~3.47). A significant relationship between the combined effects of physical and psychosocial risk factors on musculoskeletal upper extremity symptoms was also found. The workers exposed to high physical risk factors, high job stress, and long working hours were more likely to report musculoskeletal symptoms than those having low physical risk factors, normal job stress and moderate working hours(OR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.56~3.62).
CONCLUSIONS
The results suggest that some physical and psychosocial risk factors increase the risk of work-related musculoskeletal upper extremity symptoms amongst automobile manufacturing workers. In order to prevent or reduce musculoskeletal disorders amongst automobile manufacturing workers, it is strongly recommended to manage the physical psychosocial risks occurring in the workplace.

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Hye-Jin Kim, Kyung-Ja June, Gyeyoung Shin, Jina Choo
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Original Article

The Relationship between Job Stress and the Will to Cease Tobacco Smoking for Small and Medium Scale Industry Male workers: Seung Jun Lee, Shin Goo Park, Hwan Cheol Kim, Dong Hoon Lee, Gi Woong Kim, Jong Han Leem, Seong Hwan Jeon, Yong Seok Heo; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2012;24(1):33-39. Published online March 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2012.24.1.33

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between job stress and the willingness of male workers in small and medium scale industry to cease smoking.
METHODS
A structured self-reported questionnaire was used to assess each respondent's socio-demographics, job stress, and the will to cease smoking. A KOSS (Korean Occupational Stress Scale)- based questionnaire survey was conducted which targeted 4,435 male workers at 69 small and medium scale industries. 2,840 men returned these questionnaires with 1,663 of them being smokers. We analyzed 1,345 of the smoker returns. We estimated the relationship between the will to cease smoking and the employee job stress factors using logistic regression analyses.
RESULTS
After adjusting for education, exercise, and tobacco use per day, the logistic regression analysis revealed a significantly positive association with the will to cease smoking and job stress. The odds ratios regarding insufficient job control were at 1.69 (95% CI, 1.26~2.27), organizational system at 1.37 (95% CI, 1.03~1.82), and lack of reward at 1.37 (95% CI, 1.03~1.82).
CONCLUSIONS
These results indicated that job stress may play a significant role in the will to cease smoking. Further preventive efforts and studies are needed in order to reduce job stress.

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Yeon-Ha Kim, Seong-Yong Yoon
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The Impact of Job Stress on Smoking and Cessation of Hospital Male Employee
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Original Article

The Relationship between the Korean Occupational Stress Scale and Pulse Wave Velocity among Male Firefighters: Hyun Jun Jeon, Sang Jun Park, Dong Hoon Shin, In Sung Chung, Mi Young Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(4):450-462. Published online December 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.4.450

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between job stress and the pulse wave velocity as an indicator of vessel stiffness among male firefighters in a metropolitan city.
METHODS
In November and December 2008, a total of 404 participants were analyzed. The questionnaire survey included the participants' general characteristics, job-related factors, health-related behaviors, and job stress. Job stress was measured using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS). We merged the job stress data with clinical laboratory data and brachial-ankle Pulse Wave Velocity (baPWV) by conducting medical surveillance. We measured the relationship of job stress to baPWV by using a logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS
After adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors, the baPWV was significantly higher in the groups possessing high levels of job insecurity (OR=2.17, 95% CI=1.06~4.42).
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that the level of job stress, especially in regards to job insecurity, was directly related to the baPWV. Therefore, further preventive efforts and studies in regards to firefighters are needed in order to reduce job stress and thereby help to prevent cardiovascular disease.

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Firefighters’ occupational stress and its correlations with cardiorespiratory fitness, arterial stiffness, heart rate variability, and sleep quality
Young-Sook Yook, Kiyoshi Sanada
PLOS ONE.2019; 14(12): e0226739. CrossRef

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Original Article

The Relationship between Job Stress and hsCRP: Jong Heon Lee, Tae Won Chang, Young Jun Kwon, Yong Kyu Kim, Sang Chul Ryu, In Suk Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(3):261-269. Published online September 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.3.261

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
We wanted to investigate the relationship between job stress and high-sensitivity C-reactive proteins (hsCRP) with a view to using them as a predictor of future cardiovascular events.
METHODS
The study subjects were 155 male bank workers. A structured, self-assesment questionnaire was used to analyze the sociodemographic characteristics and job stress of the participants. Seven levels of job stress, as described in the Korean Occupational Stress Scale-Short Form (KOSS-SF), were used to categorized the participants. We included tests for blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, blood lipid level (total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides), and hsCRP in our analysis. Multiple logistic regression modeling was used to determine an association between job stress and cardiovascular risk factors including hsCRP.
RESULTS
In the multiple logistic regression analyses adjusted for general and job characteristics and cardiovascular risk factors, interpersonal conflict (adjusted OR 1.69, 95% CI=1.11~2.57), job insecurity (adjusted OR 1.94, 95% CI=1.24~3.03) and, occupational climate (adjusted OR 1.89, 95% CI=1.19~3.01) were associated with hsCRP.
CONCLUSION
This study suggests that job stress is associated with hsCRP which is a predictor of future cardiovascular events.

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Sung-Joon Woo, Chang-Ho Chae, Jae-Won Lim
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Keiki Ogino, Tatsuo Ito, Eri Eguchi, Kenjiro Nagaoka, Markus M. Bachschmid
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Original Article

Job Stress and Self-perceived Fatigue in Korean Farmers: Ki Hyun Lee, Sang Baek Koh, Dongmug Kang, Jin Joo Chung, Hyoung Ryoul Kim, In Ah Kim, Kyung Suk Lee, Sook Jung Hyun, Kang Myoung Lee, Jin Ha Yoon, Sung Kyung Kim, In Jung Cho, Jung Kyu Choi, Sung Soo Oh, Bong Suk Cha, Sei Jin Chang; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(2):213-224. Published online June 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.2.213

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
A growing body of research has documented that job stress has a pivotal role in developing adverse health outcomes. However, little is known about the relationship between farmers' job stress and health outcomes. This study was undertaken to identify the relationship between job stress and self-perceived fatigue in Korean farmers.
METHODS
A total of 526 Korean farmers were asked to participate in this study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the participants' general characteristics, job stress and self-perceived fatigue. Job stress was measured using a forty-eight item Farm Stressor Inventory (FSI), and the self-perceived fatigue was estimated by Multidimensional Fatigue Scale (MFS). Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between job stress and self-perceived fatigue.
RESULTS
The result showed that job stress was associated with self-perceived fatigue. For the farmers with high job stress, the risk of self-perceived fatigue was more likely to increase compared to those with low job stress. For males, labor intensity (OR, 3.88; 95% CI, 1.91~7.89), job environment (OR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.22~4.93), social support (OR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.07~4.13), social isolation (OR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.15~5.60), financial problems (OR, 3.25; 95% CI, 1.53~6.91), uncertainty (OR, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.30~4.75) and health problems (OR, 5.77; 95% CI, 2.46~13.53) were associated with self-perceived fatigue. For females, job environment (OR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.22~4.08), social isolation (OR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.05-4.15), physical environment & weather condition (OR, 2.61; 95% CI, 1.33~5.12), financial problems (OR, 2.87; 95% CI, 1.55~5.32), uncertainty (OR, 3.65; 95% CI, 1.95~6.83) and health problems (OR, 3.38; 95% CI, 1.57~7.27) were associated with self-perceived fatigue.
CONCLUSIONS
This result suggests that farmers' job stress plays a role in the development of fatigue, and job stressors related to fatigue are slightly different according to gender.

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Original Article

Relationship between Job Stress and Depressive Symptoms among Field Firefighters: Tae Woo Kim, Kyoo Sang Kim, Yeon Soon Ahn; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2010;22(4):378-387. Published online December 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2010.22.4.378

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
To investigate the relationship between job stress and depressive symptoms among field firefighters.
METHODS
We carried out a survey of 17,457 field firefighters using the KOSS-24 (Korean Occupational Stress Scales-24) and CES-D (Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale).
RESULTS
The mean CES-D score was 12.2+/-9.6 and 19.2% of subjects had depressive symptoms. Job insecurity (OR=2.70, 95% CI=2.45~2.98) and lack of reward (OR=2.41, 95% CI=2.18~2.65), occupational climate (OR=2.38, 95% CI=2.15~2.63) were strongly associated with depressive symptoms. Job demand (OR=1.89, 95% CI=1.69~2.10), insufficient job control (OR=1.14, 95% CI=1.03~1.25), interpersonal conflict (OR=2.05, 95% CI=1.87~2.26) and organizational system (OR=1.83, 95% CI=1.66~2.02) were also significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Alcohol dependence had a stronger association than with normal subjects (OR=2.39, 95% CI=2.07~2.77).
CONCLUSIONS
In field firefighters, job stress factors and alcohol dependence were associated with depressive symptoms. An intervention to reduce job stress and alcohol among field firefighters is needed to reduce depression in this population.

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Original Article

The Relationship between Job Stress and Dyslipidemia in Express Bus Drivers: Nam Soo Lee, Kyung Jae Lee, Joo Ja Kim, Jin Woo Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2010;22(3):221-229. Published online September 30, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2010.22.3.221

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
To examine whether or not there is a relationship between job stress and dyslipidemia in male express bus drivers.
METHODS
The study subjects were 301 male express bus drivers. The data was obtained from annual health surveillance. A structured questionnaire was used to assess sociodemographics, health-related behaviors and job characteristics. Job stress was measured by the Korean Occupational Stress Scale-Short Form. A measure of blood lipid levels, comprised of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, was dichotomized and categorized into 'high' or 'low'. Multiple logistic regression modeling was used to determine an association between job stress and dyslipidemia, with blood lipid level as the dependent variable.
RESULTS
We found that high job demand was associated with high total cholesterol (OR 3.25, 95% CI 1.18-8.95) and high LDL-cholesterol (OR 4.14, 95% CI 1.18-14.44) and lack of job control was associated with low HDL-cholesterol (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.04-3.56).
CONCLUSION
These results indicate that job demand and lack of job control were associated with dyslipidemia in male express bus drivers. A job stress management program that emphasizes job demand and lack of job control is needed to prevent dyslipidemia in male express bus drivers.

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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(6): 1992. CrossRef
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Se-Yune Kim, Yeon-Ja Seo, Mi-Hyun Kim, Mi-Kyeong Choi
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Influencing Factors on Health Promoting Lifestyle of Urban Bus Drivers in Small-sized Companies
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Hee Ryang Kim, Yunjeong Yi, Keum-Ja Lee, Hee Gerl Kim
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Original Article

Analysis of the Influence of Job Stress and Psychosocial Factors on Self Perceived Fatigue in White Collar Male Workers Using the Structural Equation Model: Seung Pil Park, Dong Bae Lee, In Sun Kwon, Young Chae Cho; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2010;22(1):48-57. Published online March 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2010.22.1.48

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to determine the self-perceived fatigue and its association with job stress and psychosocial factors among white collar male workers.
METHODS
The self-administered questionnaires were given to 872 workers employed in 42 work places located in Daejeon City and Chungnam Province during the period from February 1st to April 30th, 2009. The questionnaire surveys included socio-demographic characteristics, job-related characteristics, health-related behaviors, a Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ), psychosocial factors (type A behavior pattern, locus of control, self-esteem) and the Multidimensional Fatigue Scale (MFS).
RESULTS
Concerning the correlation of self-perceived fatigue with various factors, while the level of self-perceived fatigue was positively correlated with the job demands, a type A behavior pattern and self-esteem, it was negatively correlated with job autonomy and supervisor support. With the analysis of the covariance structure, JCQ (job demand, job autonomy, supervisor support and coworker support) had more of an influence on the level of self-perceived fatigue than the psychosocial factors (type A behavior pattern, locus of control, self-esteem). The inter-relational effects were that the higher the JCQ and psychosocial factors, the higher the level of self-perceived fatigue.
CONCLUSIONS
The study results indicated that the level of self-perceived fatigue was more influenced by the JCQ than the psychosocial factors. Thus, an effective strategy for fatigue reduction among workers requires additional programs that will focus on innovated job specifications and managed psychosocial factors.

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The Effects of Optometrist’s Job Satisfaction on Fatigue Symptoms
Hye-Kyung Hwang, Jeong-Yun Lee
Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society.2022; 27(3): 153. CrossRef
Convergence Relationship between Occupational Stress and Fatigue Symptoms among Blue Collar Workers in Manufacturing Plants
Eun-Sook Shin
Journal of the Korea Convergence Society.2016; 7(1): 57. CrossRef
A Study on the Relationship between Fatigue Level, Job Stress and Quality of Life for Workers
Yunyoung Kim, Hye-Sun Hyun, Jong Hyang Yoo
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2015; 24(4): 372. CrossRef

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Original Article

Job Stress as a Risk Factor for Occupational Injuries Among Employees of Small and Medium-sized Companies: Dal Young Jung, Jong Uk Won, Shin Goo Park, Sei Jin Chang, Hwan Cheol Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2010;22(1):37-47. Published online March 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2010.22.1.37

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to investigate the association between job stress and occupational injury among Korean employees.
METHODS
The data was obtained from a work-stress survey that was administered to employees of small and medium-sized companies in Incheon, Korea. A four-month prospective follow-up study was conducted (the baseline study was conducted from September 2006 to October 2006, and the follow-up study was done from March 2007 to April 2007). A total of 1,241 participants (774 males and 467 females) were included in the analysis. A structured self-reported questionnaire was used to assess each respondent's sociodemographics, work related factors, job stress, and occupational injury. Job stress was measured using 24 items (7 sub-scales) of the Short Form of the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS-SF). Occupational injuries were assessed by self-report during the follow-up period. We estimated the relation of job stress to occupational injury using logistic regression analyses.
RESULTS
A total of 199 employees (16.0%) had suffered at least one occupational injury during the previous 4-months. After adjustment for confounding variables, the logistic regression analyses indicated that the groups with high stress as related to 'Job demand' (OR=2.23, 95% CI=1.61-3.08), 'Organizational system' (OR=1.63, 95% CI=1.19-2.23), 'Lack of reward' (OR=1.42, 95% CI=1.03-1.95) and 'Occupational climate' (OR=1.55, 95% CI=1.13-2.13) were more likely to experience occupational injury than the other groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results tend to suggest that job stress is associated with occupational injury. The importance of job stress should be acknowledged and stress management programs need to be started to minimize the occupational injury caused by job stress.

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The Relationship between Job Stress and Organizational Effectiveness for Office Workers
Yoo-Mi Chae, Jeong-bae Rhie, Sook Lee
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2016; 17(7): 389. CrossRef
Factors Associated with Work-Related Injuries of Nurses in Small and Medium Sized Hospitals
Jee In Hwang, Eun Jeong Hwang
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2010; 16(3): 306. CrossRef

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Original Article

The Relationship between Job Stress and Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Migrant Workers: Min Heui Jo, Kyoo Sang Kim, Sun Wung Lee, Tae Gyun Kim, Hyang Woo Ryu, Mi Young Lee, Yong Lim Won; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2009;21(4):378-387. Published online December 31, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2009.21.4.378

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the musculoskeletal symptoms of migrant workers. We focused on the relationship between job stress and musculoskeletal symptoms.
METHOD
A questionnaire was administered to 502 migrant workers who visited NGO migrant worker centers located in Gyung-gi province. A structured, self-reported questionnaire was administered to participants in order to capture the following information: sociodemographics, health factors including past medical history, work related characteristics, job stress, and musculoskeletal symptoms. The job stress questionnaires were used according to KOSS-26 and musculoskeletal symptoms were measured using KOSHA Code H-30-2003. We used multiple logistic regression analysis to assess the relationship between risk factors which included job stress, and musculoskeletal symptoms.
RESULTS
The prevalence rate of musculoskeletal symptoms in survey subjects was 35.1%. Other than job stress factors, past medical history was the only factor that had a statistical relationship to musculoskeletal symptoms (P<0.01). In the domains of job stress, physical environment (OR 1.62, 95% CI: 1.03~2.54), job demand (OR 2.43, 95% CI: 1.46~4.03), job insecurity (OR 1.59, 95% CI: 1.03~2.47), occupational climate (OR 2.30, 95% CI: 1.27~4.19) were most likely experience musculoskeletal symptoms.
CONCLUSION
The job stress factor appeared to correlate more with musculoskeletal symptoms than with sociodemographics or other factors. Hence, in order to prevent migrant worker's musculoskeletal symptoms, we believe that intervention in job stress (physical environment, job demand, job insecurity, occupational climate) is necessary.

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Ohwi Kwon, Ji-Hun Song, Jeong-Ok Kong, Seong-Won Ma, Young Shin Lee, Joonho Ahn
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Saerom Lee, KyooSang Kim, Eun-A Kim, Jihye Kim, Dohyung Kim
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Experiences of Middle-aged Korean-Chinese Female Migrant Workers in Korea: With Focus on Risk Factors in Work-related Musculoskeletal Diseases
Hyeonkyeong Lee, Duckhee Chae, Kyongeun Lee, Meenhye Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2013; 24(2): 185. CrossRef
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Hye-Jin Kim, Kyung-Ja June, Gyeyoung Shin, Jina Choo
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Hyeonkyeong Lee, Duckhee Chae, Kyongeun Lee, Meenhye Lee
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Jae-Yoon Lee, Byeong-Yeon Moon, Youn-Hong Jeong, Hyun-Kyung Woo
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Musculoskeletal Disorder Symptoms and Related Factors among Male Workers in Small-scale Manufacturing Industries
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Dong Mug Kang, Young Ki Kim, Jong Eun Kim
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2011; 54(8): 851. CrossRef

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Original Article

The Comparison of Job Stress Factors, Psychosocial Stress and Their Association between Research and Manufacturing Workers in an Automobile Research and Developing Company: Hyunchul Ryou, Jeong Ok Kong, Hun Goo Lee, Soo Jin Lee, Sanghyo Chu, Yoonhee Jung, Jaechul Song; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2009;21(4):337-345. Published online December 31, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2009.21.4.337

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to investigate the job stress factors, psychosocial stress and their associations in workers engaged in the research and development of vehicles, and according to job role.
METHODS
We recruited 4,066 subjects from workers at a research and development center of an automobile company. A total of 2,764 workers answered the questionnaire about socio-demographic factors, health behaviors, work-related factors, subjective labor intensity, KOSS, and SF-PWI. The final analysis included 2,282 male manufacturing and research workers. Univariate analyses and multiple logistic analyses were conducted on the complete questionnaire data to compare the job stress factors, psychosocial stress and their associations between research and manufacturing workers.
RESULTS
The adjusted Odds ratios comparing the high risk group to the low risk group regarding PWI group were 2.23(95%CI=1.63-3.04) in "Lack of rewards", 1.64(95%CI=1.20-2.24) in "Interpersonal conflict", 1.59(95%CI=1.15- 2.20) in "Organizational injustice", 1.58(95%CI=1.17-2.14) in "Occupational climate" and 1.43(95%CI=1.05-1.94) in "Job insecurity" among research workers, and 2.46(95%CI=1.59 -3.80) in "Lack of rewards" and 1.94(95%CI=1.17-3.22) in "Organizational injustice" among manufacturing workers.
CONCLUSIONS
There are differences in job stress factors between research and manufacturing workers. Further studies and discussions based on quantitative methodology for seeking more fundamental causes of these differences are required to establish job stress intervention plans and policies.

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Bu-il Kim, Seong-yong Yoon, Jin-seok Kim, Kuck-Hyeun Woo, Seong-yong Cho, Ho Lee, Jong-min An
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Correlation between Fatigue and Quality of Life Caused by Stress of Researchers' Work
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Soon Yi Seo, Jung Soon Lee
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Original Article

Association between Job Stress and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory in Firefighters: Dong Hyul Lee, Hyun Jun Jeon, Dong Hoon Shin, In Sung Chung, Mi Young Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2009;21(4):324-336. Published online December 31, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2009.21.4.324

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship of job stress and scores on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) clinical scales in firefighters.
METHOD
A total of 648 firefighters from Daegu Metropolitan City were given 2 sets of questionnaires, the Korean Occupational Stress Scales (KOSS) and the MMPI. The results of 428 qualifying questionnaires were analyzed using ANOVA, correlation, and multiple regression.
RESULTS
The study demonstrated that job stress differed by age, department, amount of exercise, and duty period. MMPI clinical scales differed by age, smoking, and amount of exercise. Job stress correlated with MMPI clinical scales and in particular with 2 MMPI clinical scales, -Depression and Social introversion-. In addition, job stress subscales were related. On multiple regression analysis, some MMPI clinical scales were affected by job stress subscales.
CONCLUSION
This study suggests that job stress is associated with psychogenic factors in firefighters. The effective management for job stress might be helpful for the overall mental health of firefighters. Further study is required to determine which psychogenic factors are related to job stress.

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Adrian-Constantin Achim
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Korean Journal of Environmental Health Sciences.2012; 38(3): 195. CrossRef
Health Hazards in Firefighters
Kyoo Sang Kim
Hanyang Medical Reviews.2010; 30(4): 296. CrossRef

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