Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Research Article

Relationship between residence characteristics and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure in housewives: second Korean National Environmental Health Survey (2012–2014): Hyung-Gue Park, Na-Young Ha, Dae Hwan Kim, Jeong-Ho Kim, Chae-Kwan Lee, Kunhyung Kim, Ji Young Ryu; Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:23. Published online April 18, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0236-x

Background

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) produced by incomplete combustion have negative effects on human health due to their carcinogenicity and teratogenicity. Indoor sources of PAHs include tobacco smoke, heating sources, and cooking. This study evaluated the relationship between human PAH exposure and residence characteristics.

Method

This study was based on the second Korean National Environmental Health Survey (2012–2014). Non-smoking housewives were included in the analyses (n = 1269). The concentrations of urinary PAH metabolites (2-naphthol, 2-hydroxyfluorene, 1-hydroxyphenanthrene, and 1-hydroxypyrene) were adjusted by urine creatinine level. The geometric mean concentrations of urinary PAH metabolites by residential factors were examined. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations between residential variables and PAH exposures.

Results

The adjusted geometric mean concentrations of urinary 2-hydroxyfluorene and 1-hydroxyphenanthrene were significantly higher in the group residing within 100 m of a major road (p < 0.05) than in those residing > 100 m from a major road. In logistic regression analyses, the odds ratio (OR) for exceeding the third quartile of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene concentration was significantly higher in the group using coal or wood fuel for residential heating than in the group using gas (OR = 2.745, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.295–5.819). The detached house group had a significantly higher OR for 1-hydroxyphenanthrene compared with the apartment group (OR = 1.515, 95% CI = 1.023–2.243).

Conclusion

Our study shows the evidence of associations between some urinary PAH metabolite levels (1-hydroxyphenanthrene and 1-hydroxypyrene) and residence characteristics. Additional studies are needed to clarify these associations.

Citations

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Association of mixed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure with oxidative stress in Korean adults
Ji Young Ryu, Dong Hyun Hong
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Characterization of the internal working-life exposome using minimally and non-invasive sampling methods - a narrative review
Eline Verscheure, Rob Stierum, Vivi Schlünssen, Anne Mette Lund Würtz, Dorian Vanneste, Manolis Kogevinas, Barbara N. Harding, Karin Broberg, Shan Zienolddiny-Narui, Johanna Samulin Erdem, Mrinal K. Das, Konstantinos C. Makris, Corina Konstantinou, Xanthi
Environmental Research.2023; 238: 117001. CrossRef
Effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on pregnancy, placenta, and placental trophoblasts
Yifeng Dai, Xijin Xu, Xia Huo, Marijke M. Faas
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety.2023; 262: 115314. CrossRef
Relationship between urinary metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma and nodular goiter: A case-control study in non-occupational populations
Boying Liu, Yanyan Chen, Siyao Li, Yuanyuan Xu, Yi Wang
Environmental Pollution.2021; 269: 116158. CrossRef
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon: environmental sources, associations with altered lung function and potential mechanisms
Li-Min Cao, Ge Mu, Wei-Hong Chen
Chinese Medical Journal.2020; 133(13): 1603. CrossRef
Distribution, sources and health risk of PAHs in urban air-conditioning dust from Hefei, East China
Mengchen Shen, Guijian Liu, Hao Yin, Li Zhou
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety.2020; 194: 110442. CrossRef
Association between urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and hypertension in the Korean population: data from the Second Korean National Environmental Health Survey (2012–2014)
Tae-Woo Lee, Dae Hwan Kim, Ji Young Ryu
Scientific Reports.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparison of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Exposure Across Occupations Using Urinary Metabolite 1-Hydroxypyrene
Dong-Hee Koh, Ju-Hyun Park, Sang-Gil Lee, Hwan-Cheol Kim, Sangjun Choi, Hyejung Jung, Donguk Park
Annals of Work Exposures and Health.2020; 64(4): 445. CrossRef

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Research Article

Perception of and attitude toward ethical issues among Korean occupational physicians: Junghye Choi, Chunhui Suh, Jong-Tae Lee, Segyeong Lee, Chae-Kwan Lee, Gyeong-Jin Lee, Taekjoong Kim, Byung-Chul Son, Jeong-Ho Kim, Kunhyung Kim, Dae Hwan Kim, Ji Young Ryu; Ann Occup Environ Med 2017;29:23. Published online June 24, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-017-0182-z

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Background
Occupational physicians (OPs) have complex relationships with employees, employers, and the general public. OPs may have simultaneous obligations towards third parties, which can lead to variable conflicts of interests. Among the various studies of ethical issues related to OPs, few have focused on the Korean OPs. The aim of the present survey was to investigate the ethical contexts, the practical resolutions, and the ethical principles for the Korean OPs.
Methods
An email with a self-administered questionnaire was sent to members of the Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, comprising 150 specialists and 130 residents. The questionnaire was also distributed to 52 specialists and 46 residents who attended the annual meeting of the Korean Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics in October 2015, and to 240 specialists by uploading the questionnaire to the online community ‘oem-doctors’ in February 2016. The responses to each question (perception of general ethical conflicts, recognition of various ethical codes for OPs, core professional values in ethics of occupational medicine, and a mock case study) were compared between specialists and residents by the chi-squared test and Fisher’s exact test.
Results
Responses were received from 80 specialists and 71 residents. Most participants had experienced ethical conflicts at work and felt the need for systematic education and training. OPs suffered the most ethical conflicts in decisions regarding occupational health examination and evaluation for work relatedness. Over 60% of total participants were unaware of the ethical codes of other countries. Participants thought ‘consideration of worker’s health and safety’ (26.0%) and ‘neutrality’ (24.7%) as the prominent ethical values in professionality ofoccupational medicine. In mock cases, participants chose beneficence and justice for fitness for work and confidential information acquired while on duty, and beneficence and respect for autonomy in pre-placement examinations.
Conclusions
This study evaluated the current perception of and attitude toward ethical issues among the Korean OPs. These findings will facilitate the development of a code of ethics and the ethical decision-making program forthe Korean OPs.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40557-017-0182-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Research Article

Effects of shift work on abdominal obesity among 20–39-year-old female nurses: a 5-year retrospective longitudinal study: Gyeong-Jin Lee, Kunhyung Kim, Se-yeong Kim, Jeong-Ho Kim, Chunhui Suh, Byung-Chul Son, Chae-Kwan Lee, Junghye Choi; Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:69. Published online December 5, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0148-6

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background

This study aimed to investigate the effects of shift work on abdominal obesity among young and middle-aged female nurses during a 5-year retrospective study.

Methods

This retrospective study included female nurses (20–39 years old) who worked at a university hospital in Korea and had available health screening results from 2010–2015. Among 2,611 employees, 934 healthy 20–39-year-old female nurses were identified, and data regarding their demographic information (age and date of employment), waist circumferences (WC), and lifestyle factors (alcohol and exercise) were obtained. Abdominal obesity was defined as a WC of ≥80 cm, based on the World Health Organization’s Asia-West Pacific standard in 2000. The mean WC change from baseline was analyzed using the paired t test, and the association between shift work and abdominal obesity was analyzed using the generalized estimating equation.

Results

Compared to all day workers (both age groups), the 20–29-year-old nurses did not exhibit significant changes in WC at each follow-up. However, among the 30–39-year-old nurses, shift workers exhibited a significant change in WC (vs. baseline) during years 4 and 5, compared to day workers. After adjusting for effective confounders and stratifying the participants according to age, the 20–29-year-old nurses exhibited an odds ratio of 3.21 (95 % confidence interval: 1.29–7.98) for shift work-associated obesity, although the odds ratio for the 30–39-year-old nurses was not statistically significant.

Conclusion

In the study population, shift work was associated with a significant change in mean WC among 30–39-year-old nurses, and the shift work-associated risk of abdominal obesity was significant among 20–29-year-old nurses. These results indicate that shift work may influence abdominal obesity differently in 20–29-year-old and 30–39-year-old female nurses.

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Impaired Melatonin Secretion, Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Syndrome in Night Shift Work
Sorina Hohor, Cristina Mandanach, Andreea Maftei, Corina Aurelia Zugravu, Marina Ruxandra Oțelea
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Prevalence of overweight and obesity among health professionals with shift work schedules: A scoping review
Maria Gabriela Tavares Amaro, Ricardo Abdala Conde de Almeida, Bruno Marques Donalonso, Alessandra Mazzo, Carlos Antonio Negrato
Chronobiology International.2023; 40(3): 343. CrossRef
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Despoina Pappa, Ioannis Koutelekos, Eleni Evangelou, Evangelos Dousis, Georgia Gerogianni, Evdokia Misouridou, Afroditi Zartaloudi, Nikoletta Margari, Georgia Toulia, Polyxeni Mangoulia, Eftychia Ferentinou, Anna Giga, Chrysoula Dafogianni
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A Simulated Shift Work Schedule Does Not Increase DNA Double-Strand Break Repair by NHEJ in the Drosophila Rr3 System
Lydia Bergerson, Caleb Fitzmaurice, Tyler Knudtson, Halle McCormick, Alder M. Yu
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Kevin L. Smith, Alexandria B. Danyluk, Sanah S. Munir, Naima Covassin
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Jyotirmayee Bahinipati, Rajlaxmi Sarangi, Mona Pathak, Srikrushna Mohapatra
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Chul Woo Ahn, Sungjae Shin, Seunghyun Lee, Hye-Sun Park, Namki Hong, Yumie Rhee
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Mithila Faruque, Lingkan Barua, Palash Chandra Banik, Sharmin Sultana, Animesh Biswas, Abdul Alim, Pradip Kumar Sen Gupta, Liaquat Ali
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Heloísa Theodoro, Diego Garcia Bassani, Janaína Cristina da Silva, Karina Giane Mendes, Gabriela Hermann Cibeira, Julia Cigana Schenkel, Maria Teresa Anselmo Olinto
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Maria Cristina Tani Beneventi, Sônia Maria Rolim Rosa Lima
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Gloria K. W. Leung, Catherine E. Huggins, Robert S. Ware, Maxine P. Bonham
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Syed Afroz Keramat, Khorshed Alam, Jeff Gow, Stuart J. H. Biddle
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Qi Zhang, Sek Ying Chair, Suzanne Hoi Shan Lo, Janita Pak-Chun Chau, Mark Schwade, Xiaosu Zhao
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Won Seon Choi, Ji-Won Lee, Jae Yong Lee, Kyeong Yeon Kim, Jun-Pyo Myong, Won-Chul Lee
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Massimo Bracci, Alfredo Copertaro, Veronica Ciarapica, Mariella Barbaresi, Stefano Esposito, Antonella Albanesi, Matteo Valentino, Caterina Ledda, Venerando Rapisarda, Lory Santarelli
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Bernadette Mazurek Melnyk, Liana Orsolini, Alai Tan, Cynthia Arslanian-Engoren, Gail D’Eramo Melkus, Jacqueline Dunbar-Jacob, Virginia Hill Rice, Angelica Millan, Sandra B. Dunbar, Lynne T. Braun, JoEllen Wilbur, Deborah A. Chyun, Kate Gawlik, Lisa M. Lew
Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine.2018; 60(2): 126. CrossRef
Meta‐analysis on shift work and risks of specific obesity types
M. Sun, W. Feng, F. Wang, P. Li, Z. Li, M. Li, G. Tse, J. Vlaanderen, R. Vermeulen, L. A. Tse
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South African Family Practice.2018; 60(5): 146. CrossRef

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Research Article

Decline in non-smoking workers’ urine cotinine levels after increased smoking regulation in Korea: Ju-Hyoung Park, Chae-Kwan Lee, Se-Yeong Kim, Chunhui Suh, Kun-Hyung Kim, Jeong-Ho Kim, Byung-Chul Son, Jong-Tae Lee, Seung-Do Yu, Wookhee Choi, Hosub Im; Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:17. Published online June 10, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0066-z

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

To identify any association between implementing smoking regulation policies and workers’ urine cotinine concentration levels in Korea.

Methods

From the first stage of the Korean National Environmental Health Survey conducted by the National Institute of Environmental Research from 2009 to 2011, 2,475 non-smoking workers selected. We analyzed the trend in the changes of cotinine concentration in urine using the general linear model and linear regression, in various jobs as categorized by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) and Korea Standard Classification of Occupations (KSCO).

Results

The urine cotinine concentration tended to decrease every year (2.91 ng/ml in 2009, 2.12 ng/ml in 2010, and 1.31 ng/ml in 2011), showing a decreasing trend (P < 0.001). The total subjects’ decreased cotinine concentration in urine between 2009 and 2011 was 2.72 ng/ml (54.1 % relative decrease). The changes in each subgroup’s urine cotinine concentration ranged from 1.59 to 6.03 ng/ml (33.2 to 77.5 %). All groups except for the managerial group (n = 49), which had a small sample size, had statistically significant negative regression coefficients (p < 0.05). The ranges of the decrease in urine cotinine were 2.75 ng/ml (53.6 %) for males and 2.72 ng/ml (54.9 %) for females. The negative slope in urine cotinine level was statistically significantly greater in men than women. The changes in urine cotinine by occupation as classified by the NCHS occupational categories ranged from 2.43 to 3.36 ng/ml (46.6 to 61.5 % relative decrease). The negative slopes in urine cotinine levels of the white-collar and farm workers were statistically significantly greater than those of the service workers and blue-collar workers. The change by occupation as classified by the KSCO ranged from 1.59 to 6.03 ng/ml (a 33.2 to 77.5 % relative decrease). The negative slopes in urine cotinine levels of the professionals and related workers and clerks were statistically significantly greater than those of the service workers and plant and machine operators and assemblers.

Conclusions

The cotinine concentration in urine among non-smoking worker groups tended to decline from 2009 to 2011. Such a result may be an indirect indicator of the effectiveness of smoking regulation policies including the revision of the National Health Promotion Act.

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Time trend of exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons between 1995 and 2019 in Germany – Showcases for successful European legislation
Therese Burkhardt, Max Scherer, Gerhard Scherer, Nikola Pluym, Till Weber, Marike Kolossa-Gehring
Environmental Research.2023; 216: 114638. CrossRef
Effects of municipal smoke-free ordinances on secondhand smoke exposure in the Republic of Korea
Siwoo Kim, Yuri Lee, Changwoo Han, Min Kyung Kim, Ichiro Kawachi, Juhwan Oh
Frontiers in Public Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between Pb, Cd, and Hg Exposure and Liver Injury among Korean Adults
Do-Won Kim, Jeongwon Ock, Kyong-Whan Moon, Choong-Hee Park
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(13): 6783. CrossRef
Public support for health taxes and media regulation of harmful products in South Korea
Kyae Hyung Kim, EunKyo Kang, Young Ho Yun
BMC Public Health.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Female non-smokers’ environmental tobacco smoking exposure by public transportation mode
Seyoung Kim, Jin-Soo Park, Minkyu Park, Yeji Kim, Sinye Lim, Hye-Eun Lee
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Exposure to environmental chemicals among Korean adults-updates from the second Korean National Environmental Health Survey (2012–2014)
Wookhee Choi, Suejin Kim, Yong-Wook Baek, Kyungho Choi, Keejae Lee, Sungkyoon Kim, Seung Do Yu, Kyunghee Choi
International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health.2017; 220(2): 29. CrossRef

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Research Article

The effect of applying ethnicity-specific spirometric reference equations to Asian migrant workers in Korea: Nami Kim, Se-Yeong Kim, Yoojun Song, Chunhui Suh, Kun-Hyung Kim, Jeong-Ho Kim, Byung-Chul Son, Chae-Kwan Lee, Jong-Tae Lee; Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:14. Published online May 18, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0065-0

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

Asian migrant workers in Korea have various ethnicities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difference in spirometric interpretation made using the set of third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) reference equations and the relevant ethnicity-specific reference sets.

Methods

Spirometry was performed on 166 migrant and 498 Korean male workers between March and November 2012. We analyzed the spirometric data of healthy never-smokers. Spirometric patterns were evaluated using the NHANES III reference set and some relevant ethnicity-specific equations (Eom’s equation for Koreans, Ip’s equation for East Asians, Crapo’s equation for Central Asians, Memon’s equation for South Asians, and Gnanou’s equation for Southeast Asian people).

Results

In all migrant groups except the Central Asian group, the forced expiratory volume in 1 second percentage (FEV₁%) and forced vital capacity percentage (FVC%) calculated using each of the ethnicity-specific reference equations considered were significantly higher than those calculated using the NHANES III reference set. This study showed that in the evaluation of the spirometric result of subjects from Southeast Asia or South Asia, the percentage of cases with an abnormal FEV₁ or FVC increased when the NHANES III set of equations was used as compared to when the ethnicity-specific equations were used.

Conclusions

We found that the spirometric results of all ethnic groups were higher and the composition of the abnormal spirometric result was lower when the ethnicity-specific reference equations were used instead of the NHANES III reference set.

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The Clinical Respiratory Journal.2018; 12(2): 826. CrossRef

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Case Report

High lead exposure in two leaded bronze ingot foundry workers: Yoojun Song, Chunhui Suh, Shin-Ae Kim, Nami Kim, Sung-Min Kim, Seong-Wook Jeong, Se-Yeong Kim, Kun-Hyung Kim, Jeong-Ho Kim, Byung-Chul Son, Chae-Kwan Lee, Jong-Tae Lee; Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26:38. Published online December 1, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-014-0038-8

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background

Awareness about lead poisoning in South Korea has increased; however, occupational exposures occurring in small-scale businesses have not been thoroughly investigated. We report two cases of high lead exposure in a leaded bronze ingot foundry.

Case presentation

Two employees, a 54-year-old primary operator and a 46-year-old assistant, at a small-scale metalworking company who had been employed for 18 years and 1 month, respectively, showed elevated blood lead levels (61.1 μg/dL and 51.7 μg/dL, respectively) at an occupational health checkup. Neither worker complained of abnormal symptoms nor signs related to lead poisoning. Health assessment follow-ups were conducted and biological exposure indices of lead were calculated every four weeks. After the initial follow-up assessment, both workers were relocated from the foundry process to the metalworking process. In addition, a localized exhaust system was installed after the second follow-up.

Conclusions

Foundry workers in a small-scale businesses might be at high risk of lead exposure because these businesses might be vulnerable to poor industrial hygiene. Therefore, regular occupational health checkups are required.

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A systematic review of clinical and laboratory findings of lead poisoning: lessons from case reports
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Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology.2021; 429: 115681. CrossRef
Exposure to lead and other toxic metals from informal foundries producing cookware from scrap metal
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Environmental Research.2020; 191: 109860. CrossRef
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Gilseung Ahn, Sun Hur, Myung-Chul Jung
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Monica Shirley Mani, Divyani Gurudas Nayak, Herman Sunil Dsouza
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Kyung Wook Kang, Won-Ju Park
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Occupational Lead Exposure from Indoor Firing Ranges in Korea
Won-Ju Park, Suk-Ho Lee, Se-Ho Lee, Hye-Sik Yoon, Jai-Dong Moon
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2016; 31(4): 497. CrossRef

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Research Article

Effectiveness of a Comprehensive Stress Management Program to Reduce Work-Related Stress in a Medium-Sized Enterprise: Shin-Ae Kim, Chunhui Suh, Mi-Hee Park, Kunhyung Kim, Chae-Kwan Lee, Byung-Chul Son, Jeong-Ho Kim, Jong-Tae Lee, Kuck-Hyun Woo, Kabsoon Kang, Hyunjin Jung; Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26:4-4. Published online February 13, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-4374-26-4

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

To assess the effectiveness of a comprehensive workplace stress management program consisting of participatory action-oriented training (PAOT) and individual management.

Methods

A comprehensive workplace stress management program was conducted in a medium-sized enterprise. The baseline survey was conducted in September 2011, using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) and Worker’s Stress Response Inventory (WSRI). After implementing both organizational and individual level interventions, the follow up evaluation was conducted in November 2011.

Results

Most of the workers participated in the organizational level PAOT and made Team-based improvement plans. Based on the stress survey, 24 workers were interviewed by a researcher. After the organizational and individual level interventions, there was a reduction of several adverse psychosocial factors and stress responses. In the case of blue-collar workers, psychosocial factors such as the physical environment, job demands, organizational system, lack of rewards, and occupational climate were significantly improved; in the case of white-collar workers, the occupational climate was improved.

Conclusions

In light of these results, we concluded that the comprehensive stress management program was effective in reducing work-related stress in a short-term period. A persistent long-term follow up is necessary to determine whether the observed effects are maintained over time. Both team-based improvement activities and individual interviews have to be sustainable and complementary to each other under the long-term plan.

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Research Article

Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome among Korean Workers by Occupational Group: Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2010: Ji Young Ryu, Sukwoo Hong, Chang-Hyo Kim, Sangyoon Lee, Jeong-Ho Kim, Jong-Tae Lee, Dae Hwan Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2013;25:13-13. Published online August 5, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-4374-25-13

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome has increased rapidly in South Korea over the past 10 years. However, the occurrence of the metabolic syndrome in workers grouped according to the specific type of work is not well understood in Korea. In this study, we assessed the differences in the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome by occupational group and evaluated the risk of the metabolic syndrome among occupational groups.

Methods

From the Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010), 3,303 employed participants were included in this study. The unadjusted and age-adjusted prevalences of the metabolic syndrome were estimated and multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted using the presence of the metabolic syndrome as a dependent variable, and adjusting for age, education level, household income, drinking behavior, smoking status, physical activity, work hours, and work scheduling pattern.

Results

Among male workers, non-manual workers had the greatest age-adjusted prevalence (26.4%, 95% CI: 22.3-30.5%) among the occupational groups. In a logistic regression analysis, male manual workers had a significantly lower odds ratio for the metabolic syndrome relative to non-manual workers (0.59, 95% CI: 0.41-0.85).

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated differences in the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome by occupational group and identified the greatest risk for the metabolic syndrome in male non-manual workers.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

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