Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Research Article

Descriptive analysis of prevalence and medical expenses of cancer, cardio-cerebrovascular disease, psychiatric disease, and musculoskeletal disease in Korean firefighters: Jeehee Min, Yangwoo Kim, Hye Sim Kim, Jiyoung Han, Inah Kim, Jaechul Song, Sang-Baek Koh, Tae-Won Jang; Ann Occup Environ Med 2020;32:e7. Published online January 30, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e7

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background

Firefighters are exposed to many dangerous working conditions. Many studies have identified the risk of disease for firefighters, but only a few studies have addressed the medical expenses of firefighters, which represents a concrete scale of disease. Our purpose in this study was to determine the medical expenditures of firefighters to assess the overall scale of disease in Korea. We focused on cancer, mental disorders, cardio-cerebrovascular disease, and musculoskeletal disease, the prevalence of which was expected to be high in firefighters.

Methods

This study utilized National Health Insurance Service data. We targeted firefighters, police officers, and government officials. We classified disease based on the 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems codes. We compared prevalence by the age-standardized prevalence rate, considering standard distribution of the population. Medical expenditure of disease was defined as outpatient fees, hospitalization fees, and drug costs. Total medical expenditures were calculated by the sum of those 3 categories.

Results

The age-standardized prevalence of cancer, mental disorders, and cardiovascular disease in firefighters was slightly higher than or similar to that of government officials and police officers (no significant difference). However, medical expenditures for stomach cancer, mental disorders, and most cardio-cerebrovascular diseases were higher in firefighters than in others. In particular, firefighters spent 12 times more money for ischemic heart disease than did government officials. Of musculoskeletal diseases, lumbar disc disorder had the highest expenditures among firefighters.

Conclusions

The age-standardized prevalence of most of diseases of firefighters was not as high as in the other groups, but the medical expenses of firefighters were much higher than those of government officials and police officers.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

The global prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among firefighters: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Amir Hossein Khoshakhlagh, Saeid Yazdanirad, Saleh Al Sulaie, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Robin Marc Orr
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics.2024; 30(1): 272. CrossRef
Risk of Cerebro-Cardiovascular Diseases among Police Officers and Firefighters: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study
Jongin Lee, Woo-Ri Lee, Ki-Bong Yoo, Jaelim Cho, Jinha Yoon
Yonsei Medical Journal.2022; 63(6): 585. CrossRef
Non-cancer health risks in firefighters: a systematic review
Jeong Ah Kim, Soo Yeon Song, Wonjeong Jeong, Jae Kwan Jun
Epidemiology and Health.2022; 44: e2022109. CrossRef

78 View
0 Download
3 Web of Science
3 Crossref

Research Article

Distribution of age, gender, and occupation among individuals with carpal tunnel syndrome based on the National Health Insurance data and National Employment Insurance data: Il-Ho Lee, Young-Ki Kim, Dong-Mug Kang, Se-Yeong Kim, In-Ah Kim, Eun-Mi Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2019;31:e31. Published online November 7, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2019.31.e31

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background

The present study aimed to investigate the basic characteristics of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and its differences between occupations using Korea's National Health Insurance (NHI) and National Employment Insurance (NEI).

Methods

The study participants were obtained from the NEI and NHI data from 2008 to 2015, with a diagnosis code of G560 (CTS) as the main or sub-diagnosis. Data about gender, age, diabetes mellitus, smoking, drinking, and length of employment, information about type of occupation, and number of employees according to age and occupation were obtained from NHI and NEI data. In total, 240 occupations were classified into blue-collar (BC) and white-collar (WC) work. In addition, each occupation was classified as high-risk and low-risk groups depending on the degree of wrist usage.

Results

The number of patients with CTS per 100,000 individuals increased with advancing age, and it was higher in women (4,572.2) than in men (1,798.5). Furthermore, the number was higher in BC workers (3,247.5) than in WC workers (1,824.1) as well as in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group in both BC workers (3,527.8 vs. 1,908.2) and WC workers (1,829.9 vs. 1,754.4). The number of patients with CTS was higher in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group among male and female BC workers and female WC workers. However, the number was higher in the low-risk group among male WC workers. In the BC category, the number of patients with CTS was highest among food processing-related workers (19,984.5). In the WC category, the number of patients with CTS was highest among social workers and counselors (7,444.1).

Conclusions

The results of this study are expected to help identify occupational differences in patterns of CTS. High number of patients with CTS was seen in new jobs, as well as in previous studies.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Development and validation of a clinical model for predicting the severity of carpal tunnel syndrome
Behnaz Aalaie, Javad Sadeghi, Tanya Mohammadi, Babak Mohammadi
Modern Rheumatology.2024; 34(4): 851. CrossRef
Occupational Risk Factor for Carpel Tunnel Syndrome Related to Computer Usage: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study
Tallat Anwar Faridi, Neha Justin, Mishal John, Aman Badar, Naveen Faheem
THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences).2024; : 37. CrossRef
Worldwide prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome among dental health care personnel - A systematic review and meta-analysis
Deepika Chenna, Medhini Madi, Mathangi Kumar, Vijay Kumar, Sitaram Chopperla, Abhinav Tadikonda, Kalyana Pentapati
F1000Research.2023; 12: 251. CrossRef
Meta-analysis of the prevalence of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) among dental health care personnel
Deepika Chenna, Medhini Madi, Mathangi Kumar, Vijay Kumar, Sitaram Chopperla, Abhinav Tadikonda, Kalyana Pentapati
F1000Research.2023; 12: 251. CrossRef
Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Genetics of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Review
Mahshid Malakootian, Mahdieh Soveizi, Akram Gholipour, Maziar Oveisee
Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology.2023; 43(5): 1817. CrossRef
Subjective and Objective Differences in Patients with Unilateral and Bilateral Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and the Role of Obesity in Syndrome Severity
Robert C Vernick, Colin H Beckwitt, John R Fowler
Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The effectiveness of biophysical agents in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome- an umbrella review
Armaghan Dabbagh, Christina Ziebart, Joy C MacDermid, Tara Packham, Ruby Grewal
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence and risk factors for self-reported symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome among hospital office workers: a cross-sectional study
Seher Kurtul, Nejdiye Mazican
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics.2023; 29(2): 461. CrossRef
Carpal tunnel syndrome in the workplace. Triggers, coping strategies, and economic impact: A qualitative study from the perspective of women manual workers
Paloma Moro-López-Menchero, César Fernández-de-las-Peñas, Javier Güeita-Rodríguez, Stella Maris Gómez-Sanchez, Antonio Gil-Crujera, Domingo Palacios-Ceña
Journal of Hand Therapy.2023; 36(4): 817. CrossRef
Actividades hospitalarias en residentes e internos del Hospital Angeles Mocel como factor de riesgo para síndrome del túnel del carpo
Anapaula Hornelas Vargas, María José Talayero, Nancy Alva Arroyo, Alejandra López Rubio, Guillermo Alcántara Padilla
Acta Médica Grupo Ángeles.2023; 21(4): 309. CrossRef
An Integrated Review of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: New Insights to an Old Problem
Adekunle E Omole, Ayoola Awosika, Anosh Khan, Uzochukwu Adabanya, Nikhilesh Anand, Tirath Patel, Carolyn K Edmondson, Adegbenro O Fakoya, Richard M Millis
Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome in patients with long-term type 2 diabetes mellitus
Defu Dong, Hongwei Liu
Heliyon.2022; 8(12): e12615. CrossRef
The effects of pistol grip power tools on median nerve pressure and tendon strains
Ryan Bakker, Mayank Kalra, Sebastian S. Tomescu, Robert Bahensky, Naveen Chandrashekar
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics.2022; 28(3): 1904. CrossRef
Diabetic polyneuropathy and carpal tunnel syndrome together affect hand strength, tactile sensation and dexterity in diabetes patients
Yan Zhang, Xinhua Liu, Jie Jia, Qi Zhang, Yifang Lin, Li Zhang, Qi Lu, Haidong Lv, Xianzhao Zheng
Journal of Diabetes Investigation.2021; 12(11): 2010. CrossRef
Manufacturing Workers Have a Higher Incidence of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Eric B. Battista, Nikhil R. Yedulla, Dylan S. Koolmees, Zachary A. Montgomery, Karthik Ravi, Charles S. Day
Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine.2021; 63(3): e120. CrossRef
Prevalence and risk factors of self-reported wrist and hand symptoms and clinically confirmed carpal tunnel syndrome among office workers in China: a cross-sectional study
Beibei Feng, Kedi Chen, Xiaoxia Zhu, Wing-Yuk Ip, Lars L. Andersen, Phil Page, Yuling Wang
BMC Public Health.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Establishing Age-calibrated Normative PROMIS Scores for Hand and Upper Extremity Clinic
Nikhil R. Yedulla, Carson T. Wilmouth, Sreten Franovic, Alaa A. Hazime, Jared T. Hudson, Charles S. Day
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open.2021; 9(8): e3768. CrossRef
Blocking CTGF/CCN2 reverses neural fibrosis and sensorimotor declines in a rat model of overuse‐induced median mononeuropathy
Mary F. Barbe, Brendan A. Hilliard, Mamta Amin, Michele Y. Harris, Lucas J. Hobson, Geneva E. Cruz, Jocelynne T. Dorotan, Ryan W. Paul, David M. Klyne, Steven N. Popoff
Journal of Orthopaedic Research.2020; 38(11): 2396. CrossRef

62 View
0 Download
16 Web of Science
18 Crossref

Research Article

Cardiovascular disease risk differences between bus company employees and general workers according to the Korean National Health Insurance Data: Ji-Hoo Yook, Dong-Wook Lee, Min-Seok Kim, Yun-Chul Hong; Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:32. Published online May 8, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0242-z

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background

Bus drivers are known to be highly at risk of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we assessed the cardiovascular disease prevalence of bus company employees in Seoul, South Korea, and compared the results to those of general workers.

Methods

We analyzed the 2014 Korean National Health Insurance (NHI) data and defined hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, ischemic heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease based on the KCD-6 medical diagnoses. We used bus company employees as surrogate participants of bus drivers due to the characteristics of Korean NHI data. We identified bus company employees in Seoul based on one’s workplace which the insurance is registered. The prevalence of five diseases was compared between the bus company employees and general workers. We also calculated the odds ratios (OR) of five diseases between the bus company employees and general workers. To compensate the vast demographical differences between the two groups, we performed propensity score matching.

Results

Bus company employees have higher OR for having hypertension (OR 1.33, 95% CI: 1.28–1.39), diabetes mellitus (1.14, 95% CI: 1.08–1.22), and dyslipidemia (1.23, 95% CI: 1.17–1.29) than the general workers or propensity score matched controls. However, the OR of having ischemic heart disease were not significant. The OR of cerebrovascular disease were lower in bus company employees than in the general workers after adjusting the covariates, but similar in the propensity score matched model.

Conclusion

This study showed that the ORs of cardiovascular disease risk factors are high in bus company employees when compared to the general working population. Further studies with the longitudinal design should be conducted to confirm the causal association.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Ischemic heart disease and stroke in male couriers: a cohort study using the national health insurance data and national employment insurance data
Jiyoung Yoon, Jeehee Min, Eun Mi Kim, Jaiyong Kim, Inah Kim
Frontiers in Public Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Facilitators and barriers to achieving dietary and physical activity goals: focus group interviews with city bus drivers and counseling dietitians
Yongmin Jo, Suhyeun Cho, Young-Hee Han, Taisun Hyun
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2023; 28(5): 376. CrossRef
Expositions professionnelles et santé des conducteurs professionnels, quelles spécificités pour les chauffeurs de bus urbains ?
K. Wei, E. Fort, L. Rollin, A. Leroyer, B. Charbotel
Archives des Maladies Professionnelles et de l'Environnement.2022; 83(5): 458. CrossRef
The Effectiveness of a mHealth Program Using Wearable Devices and Health Coaching among Bus Drivers for Promoting Physical Activity
Yeongmi Ha, Sang-Ho Lee, Suyeon Lee, Yeojoo Chae
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2022; 33(3): 332. CrossRef
Calidad de vida en el trabajo y aspectos sociodemográficos en trabajadores reintegrados en una empresa de bus de rápido tránsito
Ana Milena Galarza Iglesias, Lessby Gómez Salazar, Cecilia Andrea Ordóñez Hernández
Cuadernos de Administración.2021; 37(69): e2210695. CrossRef
Incidence of ocular and systemic diseases affecting visual function among state bus drivers
Piyush Kohli, Naresh Babu, Chitaranjan Mishra, Sourav Damodaran, S Bhavani, Mahesh Kumar, Kim Ramasamy
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology.2021; 69(10): 2625. CrossRef
Cardiovascular risk and associated risk factors in Spanish professional drivers
Ángel Arturo López-González, María Albaladejo-Blanco, Sebastiana Arroyo-Bote, J. Ignacio Ramírez-Manent, Nora López-Safont, Estefanía García-Ruiz, María Teófila Vicente-Herrero
Journal of Transport & Health.2021; 23: 101266. CrossRef
Australian bus drivers’ modifiable and contextual risk factors for chronic disease: A workplace study
Alison Brodie, Toby Pavey, Cameron Newton, Marguerite C. Sendall, Sergio A. Useche
PLOS ONE.2021; 16(7): e0255225. CrossRef
Feasibility of cardiovascular risk and sleep health screening in the transport industry
Mark E. Howard, Alexander P. Wolkow, Vanessa Wilkinson, Philip Swann, Amy S. Jordan, Fergal J. O'Donoghue, Robert J. Pierce, David L. Hare
Journal of Transport & Health.2020; 18: 100878. CrossRef
Cancer risk in road transportation workers: a national representative cohort study with 600,000 person-years of follow-up
Wanhyung Lee, Mo-Yeol Kang, Jihyun Kim, Sung-Shil Lim, Jin-Ha Yoon
Scientific Reports.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Associations Between the Breakroom Built Environment, Worker Health Habits, and Worker Health Outcomes: A Pilot Study Among Public Transit Rail Operators
Nathan M. Jones, Meghan McDonnell, Emily Sparer-Fine, Bernard Rosner, Jack T. Dennerlein, Stefanos Kales, Carmen Messerlian
Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine.2020; 62(8): e398. CrossRef
Bus Workers’ Experiences with and Perceptions of a Health Promotion Program: A Qualitative Study Using a Focus Group Discussion
Jeehee Pyo, Mina Lee, Minsu Ock, Gwiok Park, Dongseok Yang, Jungsun Park, Yangho Kim
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(6): 1992. CrossRef

47 View
0 Download
10 Web of Science
12 Crossref

Research Article

Factors related to the physician and the employer influencing successful return to work in Korea: results from the first panel study of workers’ compensation insurance (PSWCI): Wanhyung Lee, Jin-Ha Yoon, Jaehoon Roh, Yeong-Kwang Kim, Hongdeok Seok, June-Hee Lee, Jong-Uk Won; Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:27. Published online December 11, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0076-x

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

This study aims to investigate associated factors including the physician and the employer of successful return to work (RTW) in occupationally injured workers.

Methods

This study is based on the first panel study of workers’ compensation insurance (PSWCI), published in June 2014. The PSWCI is a sample survey of occupationally injured workers who completed medical care in 2012 (89,921 people). A total of 2000 subjects were sampled based on sex, age, nine metropolitan-based regions, disability ratings, duration of rehabilitation, and whether vocational rehabilitation service was used. We divided the study population into two groups: return to work (RTW) group (job retention, reemployment, unpaid family worker, and self-employment), and non-RTW group (joblessness and economical inactivity). The odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) related to differences in basic characteristics, part of physician and employer-related factors between those who succeeded to RTW and those who did not were measured using multivariable logistic regression model.

Results

The success of RTW is 70.6 % (n = 1412) among participants. The ORs (95 % CI) of the participants belonging to RTW who received periodic recovery assessment from the medical care institution and the physician are 1.51 (1.07–2.13). The ORs (95 % CI) are 1.68 (1.05–2.69) for the RTW group who received work ability assessment and referral for vocational return. When the employer maintains the relationship with the occupationally injured worker, the worker has 1.39 times higher odds (95 % CI: 1.41–2.26) of the RTW group compared to the non-RTW group.

Conclusions

The physician and the employer have a significant impact on the RTW.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Relationship between workers’ return to work, job retention and income in industrial accidents in Korea: a longitudinal study
Suk Won Bae, Inchul Jeong, Jin-Ha Yoon, Seung Wook Lee, Tae Hyun Kim, Jong-Uk Won
BMJ Open.2021; 11(4): e039948. CrossRef
Effect of professional certification on employees’ return-to-work rate after occupational injuries in Korea: focusing on vulnerable groups
Suk Won Bae
Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
The Influence of Social Support and Social Integration Factors on Return to Work Outcomes for Individuals with Work-Related Injuries: A Systematic Review
Codi White, Rebecca A. Green, Samantha Ferguson, Sarah L. Anderson, Caroline Howe, Jing Sun, Nicholas Buys
Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation.2019; 29(3): 636. CrossRef
Changes in Income after an Industrial Accident According to Industry and Return-to-Work Status
Suk Won Bae, Sarah Soyeon Oh, Wha Me Park, Jaehoon Roh, Jong-Uk Won
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2019; 16(14): 2603. CrossRef
Income Changes Due to Disability Ratings and Participation in Economic Activities Caused by Industrial Accidents: A Population-Based Study of Data from the Fourth Panel Study of Workers’ Compensation Insurance (PSWCI)
Suk Won Bae, Sehyun Yun, Ye Seol Lee, Jin-Ha Yoon, Jaehoon Roh, Jong-Uk Won
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2018; 15(11): 2478. CrossRef
Prediction of Return-to-original-work after an Industrial Accident Using Machine Learning and Comparison of Techniques
Jongin Lee, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2018;[Epub] CrossRef

73 View
0 Download
6 Web of Science
6 Crossref

Research Article

The effects of individual, occupational, and supportive factors on successful return to work using a structural equation model: Jongin Lee, Min Choi, Sung Hye Park, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, Hye-Eun Lee; Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:21. Published online August 28, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0070-3

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

We aimed to ascertain the relationship between several factors and successful return to work using a structural equation model.

Methods

We used original data from the Panel Study of Worker’s Compensation Insurance, and defined four latent variables as occupational, individual, supportive, and successful return to work. Each latent variable was defined by its observed variables, including age, workplace size, and quality of the medical services. A theoretical model in which all latent variables had a relationship was suggested. After examining the model, we modified some pathways that were not significant or did not fit, and selected a final structural equation model that had the highest goodness of fit.

Results

All three latent variables (occupational, individual, and supportive) showed statistically significant relationships with successful return to work. The occupational and supportive factors had relationships with each other, but there was no relationship between individual and the other factors. Nearly all observed variables had significance with their latent variables. The correlation coefficients from the latent variables to successful return to work were statistically significant and the indices for goodness of fit were satisfactory. In particular, four observed variables—handicap level, duration of convalescence, working duration, and support from the company—showed construct validities with high correlation coefficients.

Conclusions

All factors that we examined are related to successful return to work. We should focus on the supportive factor the most because its variables are modifiable to promote a return to work by those injured in their workplace.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Children’s health affected by parent’s behavioral characteristics: a review
Sung Eun Kim, Jongin Lee
Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics.2024; 67(5): 232. CrossRef
Effect of professional certification on employees’ return-to-work rate after occupational injuries in Korea: focusing on vulnerable groups
Suk Won Bae
Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
The inhabitants’ dual interest preferences and their impact on pro-environmental behavior in China
Hongdou Lei, Imran Khan, Shiping Li
Environmental Science and Pollution Research.2020; 27(11): 12308. CrossRef
Sex Differences in Factors Associated with General Life Satisfaction among Occupationally Injured Workers in Korea: A Panel Analysis of the 2013–2017 Panel Study of Worker’s Compensation Insurance
Jin-Won Noh, Kyoung-Beom Kim, Jooyoung Cheon, Yejin Lee, Young Dae Kwon
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2019; 16(22): 4397. CrossRef
Changes in Income after an Industrial Accident According to Industry and Return-to-Work Status
Suk Won Bae, Sarah Soyeon Oh, Wha Me Park, Jaehoon Roh, Jong-Uk Won
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2019; 16(14): 2603. CrossRef

199 View
0 Download
4 Web of Science
5 Crossref

Original Article

Analysis of Medical Charges in Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance System: Young Hahn Moon, Bong Suk Cha, Jaehoon Roh, Myung Keun Lee, Kyung Jong Lee, Se Jin Chang; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1990;2(2):153-165. Published online August 31, 1990; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1990.2.2.153

Abstract PDF: A recent increase in hospital cost in Industrial Accident Compensation System has caused an issue. Especially the many problems in assessing and paying hospital cost have made necessary improvement measures on this. For this purpose the study analyzed 179,442 medical bills for industrial accident patients during 1986~1988. And various annual statistic data, references and documentations are also reviewed. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The average days for medical treatment per injury decreased depending upon hospital grade in the order of clinic, hospital, and general hospital, and the average hospital charges per injury decreased in the order of general hospital, hospital and clinic. 2. The inpatients' leading injury was traumatic amputation of fingers, and the open wound of fingers came to leading injury among the outpatients. The proportions of 10 leading injuries among inpatients and outpatients were 42.7% and 49.2% respectively. 3. As a consequence of the analysis of average medical charges, fractures of neck of femur in inpatients, and intervertebral disc disorders in outpatients were obtained as the most prevalent injuries. The coal workers' pneumoconiosis and injury to nerve roots and spinal plexus were most prominent injuries with repect to the days for medical treatment. 4. According to annual days for medical treatment, fracture of tibia and fibula was the most prevalent in inpatients, and sprains and strains of back was the most prevalent in outpatient. Traumatic amputation of fingers and other 10 leading injuries has a 42.6% share of total inpatients' hospital charges, and fracture of phalanges of hand and other 10 leading injuries possessed 53.4% of total outpatients' hospital charges. 5. Multiple regression analysis revealed that length of hospital stay, number of revealed that length of hospital stay, number of radiologic examinations, duration of operation, age, and others were the major determinants of total hospital charges. A comparision with medical insurance and car insurance for hospital charges and days for treatment showed 2-4 times higher than medical insurance, but showed 0.4~1.0 times lower than medical insurance and car insurance for daily treatment charges.

15 View
0 Download

First
Prev
Page of 1
Next
Last

Search