Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Research Article

Air pollution and urinary n-acetyl-B-glucosaminidase levels in residents living near a cement plant: Min Soo Jung, Jae Yoon Kim, Hyun Seung Lee, Chul Gab Lee, Han Soo Song; Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:52. Published online September 29, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0138-8

Background

To identify adverse renal effects due to air pollution derived from a cement plant in Korea. Urinary n-acetyl-B-glucosaminidase (U-NAG) levels in residents living near a cement plant were compared to those in a group who lived farther away from the plant.

Methods

From June to August 2013 and from August to November 2014, laboratory tests for U-NAG and heavy metal were conducted on 547 study participants. Based on the level of air pollution exposure, subjects were divided into the “less exposed group,” (LEG) which consisted of 66 persons who lived more than 5 km away from the cement plant, the “more exposed group from the rural area” (MEG-R), which consisted of 272 persons, and the “more exposed group from downtown area” (MEG-D), which consisted of 209 persons who lived within a 1 km radius of the cement plant. U-NAG levels >5.67 U/L were defined as “higher U-NAG” levels. We compared the prevalence of higher U-NAG levels and estimated the adjusted odds ratio (OR) by air pollution exposure using a chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis. Further, we estimated the interaction between air pollution exposure and heavy metal exposure in renal toxicity.

Results

The OR of higher U-NAG levels by MEG-D and MEG-R compared to LEG was 2.13 (95 % CI 0.86–4.96) and 4.79 (95 CI 1.65–10.01), respectively. Urinary cadmium (U-Cd), urinary mercury (U-Hg), age, occupation, hypertension, and diabetes had a significant association with higher U-NAG levels. However, blood lead (B-Pb), sex, and smoking were not associated with higher U-NAG. Especially, concurrent exposure to heavy metals (U-Hg or/and U-Cd) and air pollution had an additive adverse effect. In the group with both 4^th quartile heavy metal exposure (U-Cd or/and U-Hg) and air pollution exposure, the OR in MEG-R and MEG-D was 6.49 (95 % 1.42–29.65) and 8.12 (95 % CI 1.74–37.92), respectively, after adjustment for age, occupation, hypertension, diabetes.

Conclusions

U-NAG levels seem to be affected by air pollution exposure as well as age, hypertension, diabetes, and even low levels of cadmium and low levels of mercury. Moreover, concurrent exposure to heavy metals and air pollution can have additive cytotoxic renal effects.

Citations

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Mechanisms of microbial resistance against cadmium – a review
Monu Sharma, Sonu Sharma, Paavan, Mahiti Gupta, Soniya Goyal, Daizee Talukder, Mohd. Sayeed Akhtar, Raman Kumar, Ahmad Umar, Abdulrab Ahmed M. Alkhanjaf, Sotirios Baskoutas
Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering.2023; 22(1): 13. CrossRef
The Validity of Benchmark Dose Limit Analysis for Estimating Permissible Accumulation of Cadmium
Soisungwan Satarug, David A. Vesey, Glenda C. Gobe, Aleksandra Đorđević
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(23): 15697. CrossRef
Mitigation of Cadmium Toxicity through Modulation of the Frontline Cellular Stress Response
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Stresses.2022; 2(3): 355. CrossRef
Evidence for Ovarian and Testicular Toxicities of Cadmium and Detoxification by Natural Substances
Martin Massányi, Soisungwan Satarug, Roberto Madeddu, Robert Stawarz, Peter Massányi
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Toxics.2020; 8(4): 86. CrossRef
Cement plant emissions and health effects in the general population: a systematic review
Elena Raffetti, Michele Treccani, Francesco Donato
Chemosphere.2019; 218: 211. CrossRef

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Research Article

Emphysema prevalence related air pollution caused by a cement plant: Hyun Seung Lee, Chul Gab Lee, Dong Hun Kim, Han Soo Song, Min Soo Jung, Jae Yoon Kim, Choong Hee Park, Seung Chul Ahn, Seung Do Yu; Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:17. Published online April 7, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0101-8

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Background

To identify adverse pulmonary health effects due to air pollution derived from a cement plant in Korea. The emphysema prevalence in residents around a cement plant was compared to that in the group who live far away from the plant by chest films (PA and lateral view) and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) lung images.

Methods

From June to August in 2013 and from August to November in 2014, chest films and HRCT scan were conducted on residents over the age of 40 who lived around a cement plant. The residents were divided into two groups; a “more exposed group (MEG)” which consisted of 1,046 people who lived within a 1 km radius and a “less exposed group (LEG)” which consisted of 317 people who lived more than 5 km away from the same plant. We compared the emphysema prevalence and estimated the OR of this between the MEG and the LEG by using a chi-square and logistic regression on chest films and HRCT.

Results

The emphysema prevalence was 9.1 % in the LEG, 14.3 % in the MEG on chest films and 11.4 %, 17.8 % on the HRCT, respectively. The OR of the emphysema prevalence in MEG was 2.92 (95 % CI 1.77-4.83) on the chest films, 2.56 (95 % CI 1.64–3.99) on the HRCT after sex, age, body mass index (BMI), smoking history, residency period and firewood used history were adjusted. The OR in the less than 29 pack-years smoking history was 1.66 (95 % CI 0.92–3.06) and in the more than 30 pack-years was 3.05 (95 % CI 1.68–5.52) on the chest films, and was 1.68 (95 % CI 0.98–2.90), 2.93 (95 % CI 1.72–4.98) on the HRCT, respectively.

Conclusion

The emphysema prevalence seems to be affected by the level of exposure to air pollution derived from the cement plant as well as sex, age, BMI, and smoking history in this study. Moreover, the OR of the case of the more exposed to the air pollution was similar to that of the case in smoking.

Citations

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Assessing heavy metal contamination and health risks in playground dust near cement factory: exposure levels in children
Aşkın Birgül
Environmental Geochemistry and Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Residential Proximity to Biorefinery Sources of Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases in New York State
Eun Kyung Lee, Xiaobo Xue Romeiko, Wangjian Zhang, Beth J. Feingold, Haider A. Khwaja, Xuesong Zhang, Shao Lin
Environmental Science & Technology.2021; 55(14): 10035. CrossRef
Space-Borne Monitoring of NOx Emissions from Cement Kilns in South Korea
Hyun Cheol Kim, Changhan Bae, Minah Bae, Okgil Kim, Byeong-Uk Kim, Chul Yoo, Jinsoo Park, Jinsoo Choi, Jae-bum Lee, Barry Lefer, Ariel Stein, Soontae Kim
Atmosphere.2020; 11(8): 881. CrossRef
Planning of cement plants for environmentally friendly production: a fuzzy-weighted stochastic multi-objective model
E. Bakhtavar, R. Lotfian, R. Sadiq, K. Hewage
Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy.2019; 21(10): 2005. CrossRef
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Elena Raffetti, Michele Treccani, Francesco Donato
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Mary B. Rice, Wenyuan Li, Kirsten S. Dorans, Elissa H. Wilker, Petter Ljungman, Diane R. Gold, Joel Schwartz, Petros Koutrakis, Itai Kloog, Tetsuro Araki, Hiroto Hatabu, Raul San Jose Estepar, George T. O’Connor, Murray A. Mittleman, George R. Washko
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Sung Ho Hwang, Jae Bum Park, Kyung Jong Lee
Environmental Geochemistry and Health.2018; 40(4): 1237. CrossRef
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Eric Costeri, Giovanni Martinelli, Giampaolo Sighinolfi, Lorenzo Tassi, Paolo Zannini
Environmental Earth Sciences.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Air pollution and urinary n-acetyl-B-glucosaminidase levels in residents living near a cement plant
Min Soo Jung, Jae Yoon Kim, Hyun Seung Lee, Chul Gab Lee, Han Soo Song
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2016;[Epub] CrossRef

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Research Article

Ventilation impairment of residents around a cement plant: Sul Ha Kim, Chul Gab Lee, Han Soo Song, Hyun Seung Lee, Min Soo Jung, Jae Yoon Kim, Choong Hee Park, Seung Chul Ahn, Seung Do Yu; Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:3. Published online January 24, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-014-0048-6

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objectives

To identify adverse health effects due to air pollution derived from a cement plant in Korea. The ventilation impairment in residents around a cement plant was compared to another group through a pulmonary function test (PFT).

Methods

From June to August of 2013, both a pre and post-bronchodilator PFT was conducted on a “more exposed group (MEG)” which consisted of 318 people who lived within a 1 km radius of a cement plant and a “less exposed group (LEG)” which consisted of 129 people who lived more than 5 km away from the same plant. The largest forced expiratory volume in a one second (FEV1) reading and a functional residual capacity (FVC) reading were recorded after examining the data from all of the usable curves that were agreed upon as valid by PFT experts of committee of National Institute of Environmental Research. The global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease (GOLD) criteria for COPD, defined the FEV1/FVC ratio < 0.7 as the obstructive type, and the FEV1/FVC ratio ≧ 0.7 and FVC% predicted < 80% were as the restrictive type. The FVC% predicted value was estimated using Korean equation. We compared the proportion of lung function impairments between the MEG and the LEG by using a chi-square, and estimated the OR of obstructive and restrictive ventilation impairments by logistic regression.

Results

The obstructive type impairment proportion was 9.7% in the MEG, whereas it was 8.5% in the LEG. The restrictive type was 21.6% in the MEG which was more than the 12.4% of the LEG. The odds ratio (OR) of total ventilation impairment in the MEG was 2.63 (95% CI 1.50 ~ 4.61) compared to the LEG. The OR of obstructive type in the MEG was 1.60 (95% CI 0.70 ~ 3.65), the smoking history was 3.10 (CI 1.10 ~ 8.66) whereas OR of restrictive type in the MEG was 2.55 (95% CI 1.37 ~ 4.76), the smoking history was 0.75 (95% CI 0.35 ~ 1.60) after adjusting for sex and age. Level of exposure to particulate played a role in both types. However, it appeared to be a significant variable in restrictive type, while smoking history was also an important variable in obstructive type.

Conclusion

Although this study is a limited cross-section study with a small number of subjects, ventilation impairment rate is higher in the MEG. There might be a possibility that it is due to long-term exposure to particulate dust generated by the cement plant.

Citations

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Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal.2022; 15(4): 2061. CrossRef
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Atmosphere.2021; 12(12): 1707. CrossRef
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Atmosphere.2020; 11(8): 881. CrossRef
Exposure effect to cement dust pollution: a mini review
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SN Applied Sciences.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Cement plant emissions and health effects in the general population: a systematic review
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Chemosphere.2019; 218: 211. CrossRef
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Jean-François Jusot, Daniel R. Neill, Elaine M. Waters, Mathieu Bangert, Marisol Collins, Laura Bricio Moreno, Katiellou G. Lawan, Mouhaiminou Moussa Moussa, Emma Dearing, Dean B. Everett, Jean-Marc Collard, Aras Kadioglu
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.2017; 139(3): 977. CrossRef
Increased incidence of respiratory tract cancers in people living near Portland cement plants in Korea
Sang-Yong Eom, Eun-Bi Cho, Moo-Kyung Oh, Sun-Seog Kweon, Hae-Sung Nam, Yong-Dae Kim, Heon Kim
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health.2017; 90(8): 859. CrossRef
Air pollution and urinary n-acetyl-B-glucosaminidase levels in residents living near a cement plant
Min Soo Jung, Jae Yoon Kim, Hyun Seung Lee, Chul Gab Lee, Han Soo Song
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2016;[Epub] CrossRef

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Research Article

Cardiovascular Disease Risk of Bus Drivers in a City of Korea: Seung Yong Shin, Chul Gab Lee, Han Soo Song, Sul Ha Kim, Hyun Seung Lee, Min Soo Jung, Sang Kon Yoo; Ann Occup Environ Med 2013;25:34-34. Published online November 11, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-4374-25-34

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objective

To prevent the occurrence of CV events such as MI and stroke among professional drivers in Korea, bus drivers were compared to other occupations through the Framingham risk scoring system (FRS) or metabolic syndrome (MS) of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment methods.

Methods

In October 2012, a health examination survey was conducted for 443 male bus drivers in a big city. Their CVD risk factors were compared to those of a ‘total employed’ (A group) and ‘crafts and machine operators’ (B group) extracted from Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2010) data by using FRS and MS. We calculated proportions of the CVD risk factors distribution between bus drivers and the A, B groups by the bootstrapping method. The Odds ratio (OR) between CV event risk combining MS with CHD equivalent risk of FRS and occupational factors like shift patterns and professional driving duration/age ratios (PDAR) of bus drivers was calculated through multinominal logistic regression.

Results

The proportion of BMI ≥ 25 kg/m² was 53.9% and waist circumference ≥ 90cm was 40.9% among bus drivers. Hypertension and MS prevalence of bus drivers was 53.3%, 49.9% which is higher than 17.6%, 22.6% in the A group and 19.7%, 23.8% in the B group respectively. OR of high CV event risk in alternate shift was 2.58 (95% CI 1.33~5.00) in comparison with double shift pattern and OR in PDAR ≥ 0.5 was 2.18 (95% CI 1.15~4.14).

Conclusion

Middle aged male drivers in a big city of Korea stand a higher chance of developing CV event than other professions of the same age.

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