Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Research Article

Risk factors associated with mortality from pneumonia among patients with pneumoconiosis: Bum Seak Jo, Jongin Lee, YounMo Cho, Junsu Byun, Hyoung Ryoul Kim, Jung Wan Koo, Jun Pyo Myong; Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:19. Published online April 7, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0103-6

Background

The aim of this study was to evaluate factors associated with increased risk of mortality from pneumonia among patients with pneumoconiosis.

Methods

Medical records of 103 pneumoconiosis patients hospitalized for pneumonia were investigated. Seven patients who had lung cancer or other malignancy and 13 patients with insufficient medical record were excluded. Two female patients were excluded due to small number to analyze. The subjects were divided into two groups by clinical outcome of pneumonia, the deceased group and the survival group. The two groups were compared in terms of age, smoking history, episode of recent pneumonia, concomitancy of interstitial fibrosis or fungal ball infection, extent of small opacities, grade of large opacities and results of spirometry. Multiple logistic regression was applied to determine the association between these variables and mortality from pneumonia.

Results

The deceased group showed more frequent history of recent pneumonia (p = 0.006), higher prevalence of interstitial fibrosis (p = 0.007) and longer hospitalization period (p = 0.044). The proportion of subjects who had decreased FVC, less than 70 % of predicted value, was higher in the deceased group (p < 0.001). In multiple logistic regression, after adjusting age, smoking history, recent pneumonia, fungal ball, large opacity, profusion and FVC (or FEV₁) less than 70 % of predicted value, history of recent pneumonia, concomitancy of interstitial fibrosis, type of pneumoconiosis and fungal ball presented statistically significant association with mortality from pneumonia.

Conclusions

The concomitancy of fungal ball or interstitial fibrosis, history of recent pneumonia within last 90 days, type of pneumoconiosis, FVC less than 70 % of predicted value, FEV₁ less than 70 % of predicted value presented statistically significant association with mortality from pneumonia. More attention should be given to patients who have such factors when treating pneumonia with pneumoconiosis.

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Co-occurrence of pneumoconiosis with COPD, pneumonia and lung cancer
N T Rayens, E A Rayens, R M Tighe
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Yusuf Samir HASANLI, Meral TÜRK, Emin ERDEM
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Immunity Testing as a Stage of Forming the Immunocompromised Occupational Cohort for Vaccination against Pneumococcal Disease
TV Bushueva, NA Roslaya, AN Varaksin, MS Gagarina, OV Shirokova, AS Shastin, EP Artemenko, YuV Shalaumova, MS Vedernikova, AK Labzova
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Ji-Won Lee, Jun-Pyo Myong
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2019; 16(11): 1966. CrossRef

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Case Report

A Case of Epilepsy and Assessments of Fitness for Work: Kyoung Han Kim, Min Choi, Se Eun Kim, Tae Won Jang, Hyoung Ryoul Kim, Jung Wan Koo; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2012;24(3):287-293. Published online September 30, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2012.24.3.287

Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Epilepsy affects an individual's ability to work as well as their daily activities. Patients with epilepsy have difficulties in finding and maintaining jobs, and they may not have opportunities to perform adequately. Therefore, evaluation of work-fitness is important for patients with epilepsy. In this report, the authors reviewed a case of epilepsy and discussed aspects of the case for evaluation of work-fitness.
CASE
REPORT: A 43-year-old man with epilepsy visited the hospital for evaluation of work-fitness. His job consisted of forklift driving and crane operation using a remote control. As a seizure attack could threaten worker's safety, we recommended a job change. The employer refused to approve a job change due to the company's circumstances, so we recommended several conditions, including continuous medication, use of protective equipment, restriction of night-shift work, restriction of strenuous exercise, and profound sleep. An epilepsy event occurred during the follow-up period, prompting his company to evaluate his work. There were frequent movements of forklift operations and workers in the workplace, so we recommended restriction of forklift driving and a job change if possible. As a result, the employer changed his job and we recommended "capable of performing work without any conditions".
CONCLUSION
For evaluation of work-fitness in patients with epilepsy, adequate job analysis, assessment of patient's medical conditions, and interviews of coworker and employers should be conducted. It is also important to let the employer make the best decision in terms of the patient's health and coworker's safety.

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Original Article

Influence of Job Stress Change on Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist Circumference among Male White-Collar Workers: A Two-Year Longitudinal Study: Jiwon Kim, Hyoung Ryoul Kim, Se Eun Kim, Sung Mi Jang, Jung Wan Koo; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2012;24(2):180-188. Published online June 30, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2012.24.2.180

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
To reveal the influence of job stress change on body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference in white-collar male workers.
METHODS
A total of 277 male workers in a Korean R&D company were enrolled between 2008 and 2010. Baseline and follow-up data were collected with structured self-administered questionnaires and anthropometric measurements by nurses. The questionnaire survey included general and work-related characteristics and the Korean Occupational Stress Scale-Short Form (KOSS-SF). The job stress scores in each examination were dichotomized at the median values for the Korean workers and categorized into four groups as follows: Group I: Both low job stress (2008, 2010), Group II: High job stress (2008) & low job stress (2010), Group III: Low job stress (2008) & high job stress (2010), Group IV: Both high job stress (2008, 2010). Multiple logistic regression modeling was used to determine the influence of job stress change on BMI and waist circumference.
RESULTS
The adjusted odds ratio for the change in waist circumference above the 75th percentile for Group IV in 'job demand' increased more than in Group I (OR = 2.54 95% CI=1.06~5.55). Also, Group IV in 'job demand' has higher odds ratio for change in BMI above the 75th percentile than Group I (OR=2.25 95% CI=1.01~5.00). Adjusted odds ratios comparing Group II to Group I for the change in waist circumference above the 75th percentile were 0.36 (95% CI=0.15~0.87) in 'inadequate social support', 0.12 (95% CI=0.02~0.98) in 'lack of reward', 0.25 (95% CI=0.08~0.80) in 'total score', respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that sustained high job control is a risk factor for abdominal obesity and weight gain. Also, diminished job stress has a negative influence on change in abdominal obesity. Further studies are required to establish job stress intervention plans.

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Original Article

Job Stress and Self-perceived Fatigue in Korean Farmers: Ki Hyun Lee, Sang Baek Koh, Dongmug Kang, Jin Joo Chung, Hyoung Ryoul Kim, In Ah Kim, Kyung Suk Lee, Sook Jung Hyun, Kang Myoung Lee, Jin Ha Yoon, Sung Kyung Kim, In Jung Cho, Jung Kyu Choi, Sung Soo Oh, Bong Suk Cha, Sei Jin Chang; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(2):213-224. Published online June 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.2.213

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
A growing body of research has documented that job stress has a pivotal role in developing adverse health outcomes. However, little is known about the relationship between farmers' job stress and health outcomes. This study was undertaken to identify the relationship between job stress and self-perceived fatigue in Korean farmers.
METHODS
A total of 526 Korean farmers were asked to participate in this study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the participants' general characteristics, job stress and self-perceived fatigue. Job stress was measured using a forty-eight item Farm Stressor Inventory (FSI), and the self-perceived fatigue was estimated by Multidimensional Fatigue Scale (MFS). Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between job stress and self-perceived fatigue.
RESULTS
The result showed that job stress was associated with self-perceived fatigue. For the farmers with high job stress, the risk of self-perceived fatigue was more likely to increase compared to those with low job stress. For males, labor intensity (OR, 3.88; 95% CI, 1.91~7.89), job environment (OR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.22~4.93), social support (OR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.07~4.13), social isolation (OR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.15~5.60), financial problems (OR, 3.25; 95% CI, 1.53~6.91), uncertainty (OR, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.30~4.75) and health problems (OR, 5.77; 95% CI, 2.46~13.53) were associated with self-perceived fatigue. For females, job environment (OR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.22~4.08), social isolation (OR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.05-4.15), physical environment & weather condition (OR, 2.61; 95% CI, 1.33~5.12), financial problems (OR, 2.87; 95% CI, 1.55~5.32), uncertainty (OR, 3.65; 95% CI, 1.95~6.83) and health problems (OR, 3.38; 95% CI, 1.57~7.27) were associated with self-perceived fatigue.
CONCLUSIONS
This result suggests that farmers' job stress plays a role in the development of fatigue, and job stressors related to fatigue are slightly different according to gender.

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Original Article

The Relationship between the Experience of an Accident and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in Bus Drivers: Won Seon Choi, Sung Ae Cho, Kyeong Yeon Kim, Young Seung Cho, Jung Wan Koo, Hyoung Ryoul Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(2):139-148. Published online June 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.2.139

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
Mental fitness issues have recently become a point of dispute in the field of health. Drivers are occupationally in danger of a possible accident, and are also exposed to other factors aside from accidents that threaten their mental health. The purpose of this research is to examine the level and state of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and overall mental fitness in bus drivers. In addition, we wish to understand the various causes that can influence PTSD.
METHODS
From April 1 to June 30, 2009, taking the region and number of workers into consideration, survey sheets were distributed to selected bus drivers who belonged to the public transportation union. The questionnaire included questions on experiences, details of accidents, the characteristics of the working environment, and the status of mental health. We used the Davidson Trauma Scale to investigate PTSD symptoms and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale to evaluate depression.
RESULTS
Regardless of the type of accident, the group of bus drivers with accident experience showed stronger signs of suffering from PTSD. It seemed that the experience of an accident that caused the death of passengers or conflict with passengers were important factors for PTSD. Within the PTSD group, we found more symptoms of depression, and also this group is more likely to take time off work.
CONCLUSIONS
The experience of an accident threatens the mental health of bus drivers. Since bus drivers are responsible for the safety of many citizens, we must work towards finding ways to protect their mental health.

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Jeehee Pyo, Mina Lee, Minsu Ock, Gwiok Park, Dongseok Yang, Jungsun Park, Yangho Kim
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Original Article

Worker's Compensation Claims and Approval Status for Occupational Cancers in Korea from 2000 to 2009: Won Cheol Lee, Dong Il Kim, Young Jun Kwon, Hyoung Ryoul Kim, In Ah Kim, Jae Hong Ryoo, Soo Geun Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(2):112-121. Published online June 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.2.112

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the occupational cancer claims compensated by the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance that is operated by the Korea Workers' Compensation and Welfare Service (COMWEL).
METHODS
Using the COMWEL electronic database, we collected 1,933 claims for occupational cancer based on the worker's compensation records in the COMWEL from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2009. We analyzed the characteristics of the claims.
RESULTS
The average number of claims per year for occupational cancer was 193 and the approval rate was 13.1% from 2000 to 2009. Men accounted for 93.7% of the approved cases and had a higher approval rate. Approval rates increased with age. Among claims for occupational cancer, the most common was digestive cancer. On the other hand, the highest approval rate was for mesothelioma claims, followed by respiratory cancer, lymphoid or hematopoietic cancer. By industry, claims were most common in manufacturing, but the approval rate was highest in mining and quarrying. By occupation, claims most commonly came from legislators, senior officials & managers, but the approval rate was highest for craft & related trades workers. The average of tenure period was 15.5 years for approved cases, but 10.3 years for non-approved cases, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
We analyzed the characteristics of the occupational cancer claims which were compensated for the last 10 years accrording to the approved results. For the purpose of long-term understanding and management of worker's compensation status for occupational cancer, we should gather accurate information of the carcinogenic factors involved in order to achieve the systematic improvement that is needed.

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Donguk Park, Sangjun Choi, Kwonchul Ha, Hyejung Jung, Chungsik Yoon, Dong-Hee Koh, Seunghun Ryu, Soogeun Kim, Dongmug Kang, Kyemook Yoo
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Compensation for Occupational Cancer
Inah Kim, Eun-A Kim, Jae Young Kim
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Occupational Cancers with Chemical Exposure and their Prevention in Korea: A Literature Review
Kyung-Taek Rim
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention.2013; 14(6): 3379. CrossRef

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Original Article

The Relationship between Job Stress and Liver Dysfunction among Male White-Collar Workers: Jung Yeon Hong, Hyoung Ryoul Kim, Bo Ram Lee, Yong Kyu Kim, Jung Wan Koo, Chung Yill Park; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2009;21(2):165-173. Published online June 30, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2009.21.2.165

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
We wanted to investigate the relationship between job stress and liver dysfunction in Korean male white collar workers.
METHODS
A total of 700 male white collar workers who worked at one electronic institute and who participated in an annual surveillance program were recruited: 664(94.9%) workers were initially recruited and the data for 36 workers was excluded due to poor responses and a past history of liver disease. The questionnaire survey included the participants' general characteristics, the job-related factors, the health-related behaviors and job stress. Job stress was assessed using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale-Short Form (KOSS-SF). We merged the job stress data with the individual liver function results by conducting annual surveillance. Multiple logistic regression analysis with adjusting it for the confounding variables, including alcohol drinking and the body mass index (BMI), was used to evaluate the relationship between job stress and liver dysfunction.
RESULTS
After adjustment for the confounding variables, the proportion of liver dysfunction cases was significantly higher in the groups with a high level of job stress, as assessed by the 'job demands and total score'. After conducting a stratified analysis with considering alcohol drinking and the BMI, the prevalence odds ratio of liver dysfunction was higher in the groups with a high level of job stress, as assessed by the 'job demands and total score'.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study suggest that the level of job stress (and especially that assessed by the job demands and total score) is related to liver dysfunction. Thus, further preventive efforts and studies are needed to reduce job stress and address liver dysfunction.

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Original Article

The Relation between Employees' Lifestyle and Their Health Status in an Electronics Research and Development Company: Jun Pyo Myong, Hyoung Ryoul Kim, Won Seon Choi, Seong Eun Jo, Boram Lee, Jung Wan Koo, Kang Sook Lee, Chung Yill Park; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2009;21(1):1-9. Published online March 31, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2009.21.1.1

Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
An unhealthy lifestyle is the most important cause of lifestyle-induced illness (diabetes, hypertension, liver enzyme abnormality, dyslipidemia etc.). This study was carried out to evaluate that relation between employees' lifestyle and their health status in a Korean electronic research and development company.
METHODS
We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional survey. 3,041 consecutive workers in a Korean R&D company were enrolled in this study. A checkup list for the health examination (from the National Health Insurance Coperation), which contained the information on the lifestyle, and the results of the health examination, which contained information on the body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and liver function tests (LFT, AST, ALT, gamma-GTP) and cholesterol profiles (total cholesterol, TG, HDL, LDL) were done for all the subjects. We evaluated the health profile as normal or abnormal. Statistical analysis of the health profiles and the lifestyle of the employees' was performing by using multiple logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS
The prevalence of 'excessive alcohol drinking' was 52.9% (n=1,610), that for 'lack of exercise' was 86.2% (n=2,662), that for 'meat eating' 12.2% (n=370) and that for 'current smoker' was 31.3% (n=952). According to results of health examination, the prevalence of obesity was 27.1% (n=824), hypertension was 7.1% (n=215), diabetes was 1.0% (n=30), abnormal LFT was 15.4% (n=469) and dyslipidemia was 18.7% (n=569). On multiple logistic regression analysis of the health profile and lifestyle, 'meat eating' was related to obesity, hypertension, abnormal LFT (ALT, gamma-GTP), dyslipidemia (LDL). 'Excessive alcohol drinking' was related to obesity, hypertension, abnormal LFT (gamma-GTP). 'Lack of exercise' was related to dyslipidemia (HDL). 'Current smoker' was related to obesity, diabetes, abnormal LFT (ALT, gamma-GTP), and dyslipidemia (TG, HDL) with statistically significance.
CONCLUSIONS
For workers in the R&D company, an unhealthy lifestyle (such as diet, alcohol drinking, lack of exercise and smoking) were related to obesity, hypertension, diabetes, abnormal LFT and dyslipidemia. Therefore health promotion is necessary for the young employees of an Korean R&D company.

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Original Article

Musculo-skeletal Symptoms of Municipal Sanitation Workers and Ergonomic Evaluation on Upperlimb: Jun Pyo Myong, Hyang Ki Lee, Hyoung Ryoul Kim, Hye Sun Jung, Eun Hee Jeong, Woong Nam, Jung Wan Koo; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2008;20(2):93-103. Published online June 30, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2008.20.2.93

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to estimate musculo-skeletal symtoms of municipal sanitation workers and to evaluate working conditions of municipal sanitation workers to search for the factors related to musculo-skeletal symptoms.
METHODS
We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional survey. The study subjects were comprised of 543 municipal sanitation workers in some divisions of Seoul and the Gyeonggi province. Musculo-skeletal analysis was done by using the modified criteria of NIOSH musuclo-skeletal symptoms, RULA and, REBA. Statistical analysis was done by using the chi-square test, multiple logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS
72.2% of the subjects complained musculo-skeletal symptoms (39.6% on the upperlimbs, 30.0% on the lumbar region, 27.4% on the legs). For the musculo-skeletal symptoms criteria (1~3), street cleaners complained of more musculo-skeletal symptoms than the solid waste collectors, after classifying the jobs of sanitation workers. On logistic regression analysis of the musculo-skeletal "symptoms criteria1" positive groups, age was related to the criteria positive (prevalence odds ratio=1.018, 95% CI: 0.993-1.046). The worktime was significantly related to 'criteria positive 1 and, 2' (prevalence odds ratio=2.165 (95% CI: 1.156-4.131), 2.187 times (95% CI: 1.071-4.651)). The RULA score, the subtotal A score of RULA, the REBA score and , the total A REBA score of the upperlimbs of solid waste collectors were higher than those of the street cleaners.
CONCLUSIONS
In spite of the lower ergonomic evaluation score of the street cleaner, the street cleaners complained of more musculo-skeletal symptoms than did the solid waste collectors due to more frequent repetitive motions, a longer work time (over 10 hours) etc. It is suggested that the sanitation workers need to use the proper methods to avoid musculo-skeletal disease.

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Original Article

The Effect of Job Stress on Umemployment: Yun Kyung Chung, Hyoung Ryoul Kim, So Yong Park, Jung Yeon Hong, Sang Baek Koh, Sei Jin Chang; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2007;19(2):115-124. Published online June 30, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2007.19.2.115

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study estimated the relationship between job stress and unemployment through a 2-year follow-up study in the KOSS cohort.
METHODS
We established the KOSS cohort in 2004. Among this cohort, we selected 5680 persons with complete KOSS scores and resident registration numbers. We investigated the state of unemployment using unemployment insurance data from Jan. 2005 to Oct. 2006. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between job stress and unemployment. We also adjusted for age, education, marital status, experience of medical visiting, and size of enterprise.
RESULTS
Insufficient job control, interpersonal conflict, job insecurity, occupational system, and lack of reward were related to unemployment for men, while only lack of reward was an unemployment risk factor for women.
CONCLUSIONS
Insufficient job control, interpersonal conflict, job insecurity, occupational system, and lack of reward were found to be risk factors for male unemployment. Efforts should be made to reduce these job stressors as risk factors.

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Original Article

Factors Affecting the Health Promotion Activities of Workers: Eun Kyoung Kim, Byoung Gwon Kim, Jong Tae Park, Hyoung Ryoul Kim, Jung Wan Koo; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2007;19(1):56-64. Published online March 31, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2007.19.1.56

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper was to develop efficient and practical health promotion strategies in the workplace by investigating both the present status of health promotion and the barriers to its practice.
METHODS
A questionnaire was administered to 20% of industrial workers in the workplaces which receives the health care agency enterprise or are supported by a grant from the national treasury, K University Hospital in Gyeong-Gi province, and C University Hospital in Seoul.
RESULTS
According to the questionnaire survey, 51.3% workers were practicing health promotion activities and smoking cessation was the most common method among them. Regarding the factors that prompt workers to commence health promotion activities, TV or the mass media had a 33.4% effect, followed by a 22.1% effect for an abnormal finding at regular health screening. The most necessary health promotion activity in the workplace was exercise (41.9%), followed by stress management. When asked about their expectations of the health promotion program, 84.8% of the respondents answered that they expected it to be significantly or somewhat effective. Factors affecting the health promotion activities of workers were worker's health status and job control.
CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrated that workers evaluate health promotion activities positively and that some workers are unable to participate in these activities despite their willingness to do so due to the barrier of circumstances. To encourage worker's participation, the government and employers should remove barriers.

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Original Article

Case Series for Occupational Skin Disorders in Carbon Fiber Exposed Packing Workers: Hye Eun Lee, Chang Bum Byun, Sinye Lim, Seung Ho Jeon, Sang Yong Oh, Hyoung Ryoul Kim, Soon Choi, Domyung Paek, Mijin Park; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2006;18(3):199-208. Published online September 30, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2006.18.3.199

Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
We report an outbreak of skin disorder in semiconductor packing workers. Through an evaluation of the degree of work-relatedness in this case, we aim to develop a method to overcome such health problems in the workplace.
METHODS
A questionnaire investigating the job characteristics and skin symptoms was administered to 51 packing workers working in a semiconductor production factory and 49 questionnaires returned. The 16 subjects in the exposure group and 12 in the non-exposure group underwent doctor's examination and patch test. Two of 28 subjects were excluded in patch test. We investigated the work environment and carbon fiber level which was the potential causative agent.
RESULTS
Forty-five (91.8%) of 49 packing workers complained of itching and stinging. Three of 14(21.4%) in the exposure group and 3 of 11 (27.3%) in the non-exposure group were positive at 48hr reading of patch test for carbon fiber and carbon fiber paper. None was positive at 96hr reading of patch test. Prominent carbon fibers were microscopically observed on the surface of the packing box and the fiber diameter, measured up to 6.0~7.5 micrometer, was likely to induce skin irritation to skin. To avoid worker's direct contact with to carbon fiber, carbon fiber paper box was substituted by a wax coated carbon fiber paper box was substituted for the original carbon fiber paper box, which caused and the workers' symptoms to of workers disappeared.
CONCLUSION
The probably cause of this outbreak of skin disorder was mild irritant contact dermatitis for carbon fiber. To prevent outbreaks of such occupational skin disorder like this, workers should avoid direct contact with carbon fiber.

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Original Article

Epidemiologic Characteristics Revealed with a Malignant Mesothelioma Surveillance System in Korea: Soon Hee Jung, Hyoung Ryoul Kim, Sang Baek Koh, Suk Joong Yong, Byong Soon Choi, Yeon Soon Ahn, Tae In Park, Myoung Ja Chung, Yun Mee Kim, Ji Sun Song, Yoon Kyong Chung, Joon Pyo Myung; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2006;18(1):46-52. Published online March 31, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2006.18.1.46

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study estimated the magnitude of malignant mesothelioma and its epidemiologic features in Korea. We collected data on 160 cases for the 5-year period from 2001 to 2005.
METHODS
We established a surveillance system for malignant mesothelioma in 2001. The important participants were pathologists, and respiratory and occupational physicians. We reclassified these cases according to the date of diagnosis and calculated fatality by comparing National Mortality Data. We actively surveyed 18 cases which were diagnosed in 2004 and 2005 to evaluate their work-relatedness.
RESULTS
Among 160 cases, 18 were initially diagnosed before 1995, 57 from 1996 to 2000, 11 in 2001, 18 in 2002, 11 in 2003, 29 in 2004 and 16 in 2005. After 2001, 17cases were reported annually. Among the 86 cases which were diagnosed before 2003, 60 cases (69.8%) had died and 46(53.5%) had died within 1 year. Among the 18 cases which we surveyed, 5 were related with the construction industry, 2 with asbestos textile manufacturing industries and 1 with asbestos painting. There was no evident work relatedness in the other 10 cases, but 6 were related to environmental exposure.
CONCLUSIONS
Although this surveillance system revealed the magnitude of malignant mesothelioma in Korea, it needs to be supplemented by an active surveillance system using death certificate data and cancer registry data etc.

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Original Article

Effectiveness of Tailored Health Promotion Program for Reducing Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Subway Workers: Seon Young Lee, Kang Sook Lee, Jung Wan Koo, Hyun Woo Yim, Hyoung Ryoul Kim, Chung Yill Park, Sook Kyung Choi; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2006;18(1):15-24. Published online March 31, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2006.18.1.15

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study explores the effects of a tailored health promotion program, in order to reduce cardiovascular risk, in areas which include hypertension, dyslipidemia, abnormal blood glucose and body mass index.
METHODS
In this paper, health risk appraisal relating to lifestyle was surveyed and physical fitness, blood pressure and blood lipid profile and glucose were checked. Then, a 12 week tailored health promotion program with 40 subway workers of Seoul was conducted. The Tailored health promotion program included a smoking cessation program, drinking restriction, diet, exercise prescription and a stress management program.
RESULTS
The number of subjects engaging in regular exercise increased from 42.5% to 100%, and the number of smokers reduced from 72.5% to 60%, and 12.5% of contemplate stage was shift to action stage. The mean level of drinking per day, significantly decreased from 34.9 g to 24.2. The body mass index, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and Fasting blood glucose significantly decreased after the intervention program. In addition the tailored health promotion program resulted in a significant reduction in two factors for the cardiovascular high risk group, hypertension above 140 mmHg in systolic blood pressure and dyslipidemia above 200 mg/dl in triglyceride.
CONCLUSION
In this paper, it is demonstrated that the tailored health promotion program,, including the smoking cessation program, drinking restriction, diet, exercise prescription and stress management program, resulted in effective reduction in cardiovascular risk factor. Therefore associated workplace tailored health promotion programs relating to specific individual risk factor, should be developed and implemented.

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Original Article

Developing an Occupational Stress Scale for Korean Employees: Sei Jin Chang, Sang Baek Koh, Dongmug Kang, Seong Ah Kim, Myung Geun Kang, Chul Gab Lee, Jin Joo Chung, Jung Jin Cho, Mia Son, Chang Ho Chae, Jung Won Kim, Jung Il Kim, Hyeong Su Kim, Sang Chul Roh, Jae Beom Park, Jong Min Woo, Soo Young Kim, Jeong Youn Kim, Mina Ha, Jungsun Park, Kyung Yong Rhee, Hyoung Ryoul Kim, Jeong Ok Kong, In Ah Kim, Jeong Soo Kim, Jun Ho Park, Sook Jung Huyun, Dong Kook Son; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;17(4):297-317. Published online December 31, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2005.17.4.297

Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
AND PURPOSES: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and METHODS: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002- 2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Fortythree items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories.
RESULTS
We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

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Journal of Affective Disorders.2018; 229: 450. CrossRef
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Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
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Korean Journal of Stress Research.2017; 25(1): 30. CrossRef
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Journal of Advanced Nursing.2017; 73(4): 905. CrossRef
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International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics.2017; 23(4): 447. CrossRef
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The Korean Journal of Physical Education.2017; 56(2): 553. CrossRef
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Long and short sleep duration are both associated with suicidal ideation in Korean employees
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Sleep and Biological Rhythms.2017; 15(1): 81. CrossRef
Investigation of Subcategories according to the Level of Job Stress in Medical Technologist
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The Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science.2017; 49(1): 48. CrossRef
Influence of Experiencing Verbal Abuse, Job Stress and Burnout on Nurses' Turnover Intention in Hemodialysis Units
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2016; 22(2): 189. CrossRef
The Impacts of Job Stress and Job Embeddedness on Presenteeism among Container Terminal Workers
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International Journal of Nursing Practice.2016; 22(6): 625. CrossRef
Impact of Working environment on Psychological Well-being in Male Baby boomers
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Journal of Physical Therapy Science.2016; 28(11): 3047. CrossRef
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Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2016; 25(4): 311. CrossRef
Impact of Job-stress on Fatigue Among 119 Rescue Workers
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Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2016; 17(4): 433. CrossRef
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Journal of the Korea Convergence Society.2016; 7(3): 15. CrossRef
Job Stress and Mental Health of Female Household Head Workers
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Relationships between Occupational Stress, Burnout and Job Satisfaction of Physician Assistants
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Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2016; 30(1): 122. CrossRef
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The Effect of High-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Occupational Stress among Health Care Workers: A Pilot Study
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A Study on Relationship between Interpersonal Relation, Communication Skills and Work-related Stress in Physical Therapists
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Psychological factors influence the overlap syndrome in functional gastrointestinal disorders and their effect on quality of life among firefighters in South Korea
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Journal of Digestive Diseases.2016; 17(4): 236. CrossRef
Factors related to heart rate variability among firefighters
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Risk factors associated with musculoskeletal symptoms in Korean dental practitioners
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Journal of Physical Therapy Science.2016; 28(1): 56. CrossRef
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Temperament and Character Traits, Heart Rate Variability and Occupational Stress in New Nursing Employees
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Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association.2016; 55(3): 271. CrossRef
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Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2016; 17(7): 629. CrossRef
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Association between job stress and occupational injuries among Korean firefighters: a nationwide cross-sectional study
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The Korean Journal of Health Service Management.2016; 10(3): 27. CrossRef
The Effect of Safety-Aisle on the Perception of Safety-Related Variables in the Small Sawmilling Industry
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Journal of the Korean Society of Safety.2016; 31(3): 109. CrossRef
Convergence Relationship between Occupational Stress and Fatigue Symptoms among Blue Collar Workers in Manufacturing Plants
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Journal of the Korea Convergence Society.2016; 7(1): 57. CrossRef
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International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health.2016; 22(4): 315. CrossRef
Job stress and mental health among nonregular workers in Korea: What dimensions of job stress are associated with mental health?
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Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health.2016; 71(2): 111. CrossRef
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The association of relational and organizational job stress factors with sleep disorder: analysis of the 3rd Korean working conditions survey (2011)
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Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of the Expanded Nursing Stress Scale
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Influencing factors of self-reported dry mouth in the employees in social welfare facilities
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Factors associated with Problem Drinking in Korean Male Employees for Drinking Motivation, Job Stress, and Drinking Refusal Self-efficacy
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Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association.2015; 54(4): 587. CrossRef
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Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
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The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2015; 21(4): 490. CrossRef
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Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2015; 32(3): 73. CrossRef
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High Occupational Stress and Low Career Satisfaction of Korean Surgeons
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Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
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Patient Education and Counseling.2015; 98(1): 111. CrossRef
Structural Equation Modeling on Health Status in Hospital Nurses: Based on the Theory of Salutogenesis With Bio Behavioral Approach
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Occupational Stress and Emotional Intelligence in Hospice Volunteers
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Occupational stress and related factors among surgical residents in Korea
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Characteristics and Factors Associated with Problem Drinking in Male Workers
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Asian Nursing Research.2015; 9(2): 132. CrossRef
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Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2015; 21(3): 287. CrossRef
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Technological Forecasting and Social Change.2015; 100: 255. CrossRef
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Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2015; 24(4): 323. CrossRef
Resilience buffers the impact of traumatic events on the development of PTSD symptoms in firefighters
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Journal of Affective Disorders.2014; 162: 128. CrossRef
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Correlation between Fatigue and Quality of Life Caused by Stress of Researchers' Work
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Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2014; 23(3): 171. CrossRef
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International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction.2014; 12(5): 618. CrossRef
Occupational Stress of Women Workers in Service Industries depending on Their Working Conditions
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Comparative Analysis of Work Stress Assessment Tools for Estimating Human Work Performance
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Relationships of Job Stress, Fatigue & Depression among one Ship-building Supply Workers
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Factors Affecting Tuberculosis (TB) Control Nurses' Job Satisfaction
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Systematic analysis of tobacco treatment interventions implemented in worksite settings
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Original Article

Analysis of the role of social support on job stress and psychosocial stress in automobile factory workers using Structural Equation Model: Dong Hee Koh, Sun Sil Han, Hyoung Ryoul Kim, Sei Jin Chang, Sun Haeng Choi, Jong Uk Won, Jae Hoon Roh; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;17(2):79-84. Published online June 30, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2005.17.2.79

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
Social support was previously regarded as acting only a stress modifier, but many recent studies have found a direct effect on stress. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of social support on job stress and psychosocial stress to determine whether it acts via direct effect or indirect effect.
METHODS
This study was performed in May 2003. The study population consisted of 425 male workers in an automobile factory in Korea. Data were collected with structured self-administered questionnaires. We used JCQ(Job Contents Questionnaires) to measure job stress and social support, and PWI-SF(Psychosocial Well-being Index-Short Form) to measure stress outcome. We analysed the relationships using Structural Equation Modeling software AMOS4.
RESULTS
It was found that social support acts both as a direct stressor and an indirect stressor via job stress. However the direct effect was double the indirect effect.
CONCLUSIONS
The direct effect of social support on stress was the more major. Therefore social support is an independent stressor rather than a stress modifier in automobile factory workers.

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Psychosocial stress accompanied by an unhealthy eating behavior is associated with abdominal obesity in Korean adults: A community-based prospective cohort study
Minji Kim, Yangha Kim
Frontiers in Nutrition.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of Forest Users’ Stress on Perceived Restorativeness, Forest Recreation Motivation, and Mental Well-Being during COVID-19 Pandemic
Don-Gak Lee, Jin-Gun Kim, Bum-Jin Park, Won Sop Shin
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(11): 6675. CrossRef
Effect of Psychosocial Distress on the Rate of Kidney Function Decline
Jae Young Kim, Young Su Joo, Jong Hyun Jhee, Seung Hyeok Han, Tae-Hyun Yoo, Shin-Wook Kang, Jung Tak Park
Journal of General Internal Medicine.2021; 36(10): 2966. CrossRef

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Original Article

Prevalence of Occupational Asthma in TDI-Exposed Workers: Hyoung Ryoul Kim, Cheol Woo Kim, Yun Chul Hong, Hyung Joon Chun, Chi Nyon Kim, Hyun Soo Kim, Jee Na Lee, Joo Yeon Shin, Dong Hee Koh, Jaehoon Roh; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004;16(2):191-199. Published online June 30, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2004.16.2.191

Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
This study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of isocyanate-induced occupational asthma in toluene diisocyanate (TDI) exposed workers.
METHODS
We examined 170 workers who had been directly exposed to TDI through a medical questionnaire, physical examination, and pulmonary function test. Based on screening examination, workers with suspected occupational asthma were selected for further evaluation such as methacholine and TDI challenge tests.
RESULTS
Eleven (6.9%) among 170 workers complained of symptoms of occupational asthma, and 7 among these 11 symptomatic workers showed positive responses to the methacholine challenge test (4.1%). One spray painter was confirmed as having the TDI induced occupational asthma following a positive response to TDI challenge test.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of TDI-induced asthma was at 0.58% was lower than that for former studies (2-20%). Improved workplace environment, lower level of TDI exposure compared to the past, and the healthy workers effect may have contributed to this low rate of asthma prevalence in workers with TDI exposure.

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Original Article

Characteristics of Occupational Asthma Reported by Surveillance System in Incheon: Hyoung Ryoul Kim, Yun Chul Hong, Jong Han Leem, Jong Uk Won, Hyung Joon Chun, Jee Na Lee, Joo Yeon Shin; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2003;15(4):344-350. Published online December 31, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2003.15.4.344

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study was carried out to estimate the magnitude of occupational asthma and to determine its characteristics.
METHODS
We collected and analyzed 121 cases of occupational asthma reported by a surveillance system in Incheon for 5 years. The cases were classified according to industry and causing gent. We attached the data to worker's compensation records to establish the degree of agreement between the two sources.
RESULTS
The industry of musical instrument manufacture was the most common (31 cases, 25.6%), followed by furniture manufacture, dye making, and machinery manufacture. TDI was the most common causing agents (52 cases, 43%), followed by reactive dye, wood dust, and organic dust. There was poor agreement with the worker's compensation records (2 cases, 8%).
CONCLUSIONS
TDI and reactive dyes were the major materials causing occupational asthma. Most cases reported by the surveillance system were not applied to the worker's compensation system. Therefore, the surveillance system should be used to estimate the magnitude of occupational asthma and to determine its characteristics.

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Clinical Importance of Work-Exacerbated Asthma: Findings From a Prospective Asthma Cohort in a Highly Industrialized City in Korea
Woori Jo, Kwang Won Seo, Hwa Sik Jung, Chui Yong Park, Byung Ju Kang, Hyeon Hui Kang, Seung Won Ra, Yangjin Jegal, Jong Joon Ahn, Soon Eun Park, Moon Sik Jung, Ju Ik Park, Eun Ji Park, Chang Sun Sim, Tae-Bum Kim, Taehoon Lee
Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research.2021; 13(2): 256. CrossRef
Work-Related Asthma in Korea - Findings from the Korea Work-Related Asthma Surveillance (KOWAS) program, 2004-2009
Soon-Chan Kwon, Jaechul Song, Yong-kyu Kim, Geoffrey M. Calvert
Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research.2015; 7(1): 51. CrossRef

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Original Article

Pain Related Factors in Upper Extremities Among Hospital Workers Using Video Display Terminals: Hyoung Ryoul Kim, Jong Uk Won, Jae Suk Song, Chi Nyon Kim, Hyun Soo Kim, Jaehoon Roh; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2003;15(2):140-149. Published online June 30, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2003.15.2.140

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study was designed to quantify symptoms in the upper extremities and to identify the pain related factors among hospital workers using video display terminals.
METHODS
The subject-group consisted of 138 employees working at a hospital using video display terminals. A structured questionnaire was used to estimate the participants' general characteristics, and job contents. Job stress was measured using Karaseks JCQ(Job Content Questionnaire). Pain in the upper extremities was identified according to the NIOSH symptoms survey criteria. Quantification was measured using Kim Chul's method. Pearson's Correlation analysis was used to identify validity in quantification. VAS(visual analog scale) was used to compare with this method. Multiple regression analyses elucidated the relationship between quantified pain and various work factors, such as job stress. Data were analysed with SAS 6.12 program.
RESULTS
First, in quantification using Kim Chul's method, the correlation between modified PRS(pain rating score) and VAS was extremely high by 0.60(P<0.01), indicating the high validity of PRS. Second, the groups of high job demand, high job control, and females were related to an increased pain level.
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that the self pain assessment method, PRS, is valuable and useful in analyzing occupational musculoskeletal symptoms. High demand, job control and gender may influence the levels of pain. Prospective studies about musculoskeletal disorder are required.

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Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
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Kyoo Sang Kim, Min Gi Kim
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Original Article

A Study on the Relationship between Emotional Labor and Depressive Symptoms among Korean Industrial Service Employees: Soo Youn Kim, Sei Jin Chang, Hyoung Ryoul Kim, Jae Hoon Roh; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2002;14(3):227-235. Published online September 30, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2002.14.3.227

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study was designed to identify the relationship between emotional labor and depressive symptoms among Korean industrial service employees.
METHODS
The case group consisted of 331 employees who were performing emotional labor at department stores, hotels, and family restaurants in Seoul. The control group in this study consisted of 150 employees (90 officers in Seoul and 60 manufacturing workers in Incheon) who were not expected to perform emotional labor. A structured questionnaire was used to estimate each participants level of emotional labor, general characteristics, job content, job satisfaction, and any depressive symptoms. The measurements for emotional labor were performed only on the case group and not the control group.
RESULTS
While the mean values of job satisfaction, job insecurity, and the level of depressive symptoms of the employees who were working in the area of emotional labor were higher than the others, the mean values of job demand, and job control in the same group were lower than those who were not performing emotional labor. Overall, it was found that performing emotional labor and having high levels of job insecurity were related to increased depressive symptoms, and conversely, job satisfaction played a role in reducing depressive symptoms. Similarly, in the sub-sample of the emotional labor group, high levels of job insecurity, and performing high degrees of emotional labor, and low job satisfaction were associated with depressive symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that performing emotional labor is related to an increase in depressive symptoms. In other words, involuntary emotional expression and low job satisfaction in the workplace may influence the level of depressive symptoms in workers. It is, therefore, imperative that further research be undertaken, which considers the importance of emotional labor, and its adverse effect on the mental health of service workers.

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Bokim Lee
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Ju Jong Lee, Hyun Jey Moon, Kyung-Jae Lee, Joo Ja Kim
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