Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Research Article

Association of arsenobetaine with beta-cell function assessed by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) in nondiabetic Koreans: data from the fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2008-2009: Kiook Baek, Namhoon Lee, Insung Chung; Ann Occup Environ Med 2017;29:31. Published online July 10, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-017-0181-0

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Background

Arsenic is known as an endocrine disruptor that people are exposed to through various sources such as drinking water and indigestion of marine products. Although some epidemiological and animal studies have reported a correlation between arsenic exposure and diabetes development, there are limited studies regarding the toxic effects of organic arsenic including arsenobetaine on the human body. Here, we analyzed the association between urine arsenobetaine and the homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β), which is an index for predicting diabetes development and reflecting the function of pancreatic β-cells.

Methods

In the fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), health and nutrition surveys and screening tests were performed. Of the total survey population, people with confirmed values for urine total arsenic and arsenobetaine were included, and known diabetic patients were excluded. A total 369 participants were finally included in the study. We collected surveys on health, height, body weight, body mass index, blood mercury level, fasting glucose level, and serum insulin level and calculated HOMA index. Owing to sexual discrepancy, we performed sexually stratified analysis.

Results

Urine total arsenic and total arsenic minus arsenobetaine was not associated with HOMA-IR and HOMA-β in univariate analysis or in sexually stratified analysis. However, urine arsenobetaine showed a statistically significant relationship with HOMA-β in univariate analysis, and only male participants showed a significant correlation in sexually stratified analysis. In the analysis adjusted for age, BMI, smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity and blood mercury, the HOMA-β value in the group below the 25th percentile of arsenobetaine was significantly higher than the group between 50 and 75th percentile, while no difference was shown for HOMA-IR. In sexually stratified analysis, The value of HOMA-β was significantly higher in male participants with below the 25th percentile urine arsenobetaine than the group between 25 and 50th and between 50 and 75th, while no difference was shown for HOMA-IR. However, female participants did not demonstrate a relationship between HOMA–IR, HOMA-β and urine arsenobetaine.

Conclusion

This study revealed the association between urine arsenobetaine and pancreatic β-cell function assessed by HOMA-β in the normal population (without diabetes), especially in males, despite adjusting for factors affecting pancreatic β-cell function and diabetes.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40557-017-0181-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Citations

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Research for type 2 diabetes mellitus in endemic arsenism areas in central China: role of low level of arsenic exposure and KEAP1 rs11545829 polymorphism
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Arsenic exposure during pregnancy and postpartum maternal glucose tolerance: evidence from Bangladesh
Abby F. Fleisch, Sudipta Kumer Mukherjee, Subrata K. Biswas, John F. Obrycki, Sheikh Muhammad Ekramullah, D. M. Arman, Joynul Islam, David C. Christiani, Maitreyi Mazumdar
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Research Article

Urinary arsenic species concentration in residents living near abandoned metal mines in South Korea: Jin-Yong Chung, Byoung-Gwon Kim, Byung-Kook Lee, Jai-Dong Moon, Joon Sakong, Man Joong Jeon, Jung-Duck Park, Byung-Sun Choi, Nam-Soo Kim, Seung-Do Yu, Jung-Wook Seo, Byeong-Jin Ye, Hyoun-Ju Lim, Young-Seoub Hong; Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:67. Published online November 22, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0150-z

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Background

Arsenic is a carcinogenic heavy metal that has a species-dependent health effects and abandoned metal mines are a source of significant arsenic exposure. Therefore, the aims of this study were to analyze urinary arsenic species and their concentration in residents living near abandoned metal mines and to monitor the environmental health effects of abandoned metal mines in Korea.

Methods

This study was performed in 2014 to assess urinary arsenic excretion patterns of residents living near abandoned metal mines in South Korea. Demographic data such as gender, age, mine working history, period of residency, dietary patterns, smoking and alcohol use, and type of potable water consumed were obtaining using a questionnaire. Informed consent was also obtained from all study subjects (n = 119). Urinary arsenic species were quantified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/MS).

Results

The geometric mean of urinary arsenic (sum of dimethylarsinic acid, monomethylarsonic acid, As³⁺, and As⁵⁺) concentration was determined to be 131.98 μg/L (geometric mean; 95% CI, 116.72–149.23) while urinary inorganic arsenic (As³⁺ and As⁵⁺) concentration was 0.81 μg/L (95% CI, 0.53–1.23). 66.3% (n = 79) and 21.8% (n = 26) of these samples exceeded ATSDR reference values for urinary arsenic (>100 μg/L) and inorganic arsenic (>10 μg/L), respectively. Mean urinary arsenic concentrations (geometric mean, GM) were higher in women then in men, and increased with age. Of the five regions evaluated, while four regions had inorganic arsenic concentrations less than 0.40 μg/L, one region showed a significantly higher concentration (GM 15.48 μg/L; 95% CI, 7.51–31.91) which investigates further studies to identify etiological factors.

Conclusion

We propose that the observed elevation in urinary arsenic concentration in residents living near abandoned metal mines may be due to environmental contamination from the abandoned metal mine.

Trial registration

Not Applicable (We do not have health care intervention on human participants).

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Assessing Acute and Chronic Risks of Human Exposure to Arsenic: A Cross-Sectional Study in Ethiopia Employing Body Biomarkers
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Chen Zhao, Meng Du, Jun Yang, Guanghui Guo, Lingqing Wang, Yunxian Yan, Xuewen Li, Mei Lei, Tongbin Chen
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Concentrations of blood and urinary arsenic species and their characteristics in general Korean population
Jeong Weon Choi, Yoon Chae Song, Nam-Yong Cheong, Kiyoung Lee, Sunmi Kim, Kyoung-Mu Lee, Kyunghee Ji, Mi-Yeon Shin, Sungkyoon Kim
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MTHFR, As3MT and GSTO1 Polymorphisms Influencing Arsenic Metabolism in Residents Near Abandoned Metal Mines in South Korea
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Journal of Environmental Health Sciences.2021; 47(6): 530. CrossRef

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Research Article

Assessment of Arsenic Exposure by Measurement of Urinary Speciated Inorganic Arsenic Metabolites in Workers in a Semiconductor Manufacturing Plant: Kiwhan Byun, Yong Lim Won, Yang In Hwang, Dong-Hee Koh, Hosub Im, Eun-A Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2013;25:21-21. Published online October 11, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-4374-25-21

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Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the exposure to arsenic in preventive maintenance (PM) engineers in a semiconductor industry by detecting speciated inorganic arsenic metabolites in the urine.

Methods

The exposed group included 8 PM engineers from the clean process area and 13 PM engineers from the ion implantation process area; the non-exposed group consisted of 14 office workers from another company who were not occupationally exposed to arsenic. A spot urine specimen was collected from each participant for the detection and measurement of speciated inorganic arsenic metabolites. Metabolites were separated by high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma spectrometry-mass spectrometry.

Results

Urinary arsenic metabolite concentrations were 1.73 g/L, 0.76 g/L, 3.45 g/L, 43.65 g/L, and 51.32 g/L for trivalent arsenic (As³⁺), pentavalent arsenic (As⁵⁺), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), and total inorganic arsenic metabolites (As³⁺ + As⁵⁺ + MMA + DMA), respectively, in clean process PM engineers. In ion implantation process PM engineers, the concentrations were 1.74 g/L, 0.39 g/L, 3.08 g/L, 23.17 g/L, 28.92 g/L for As³⁺, As⁵⁺, MMA, DMA, and total inorganic arsenic metabolites, respectively. Levels of urinary As³⁺, As⁵⁺, MMA, and total inorganic arsenic metabolites in clean process PM engineers were significantly higher than that in the non-exposed group. Urinary As³⁺ and As⁵⁺ levels in ion implantation process PM engineers were significantly higher than that in non-exposed group.

Conclusion

Levels of urinary arsenic metabolites in PM engineers from the clean process and ion implantation process areas were higher than that in office workers. For a complete assessment of arsenic exposure in the semiconductor industry, further studies are needed.

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Considerations in deriving quantitative cancer criteria for inorganic arsenic exposure via inhalation
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Inah Kim, Myoung-Hee Kim, Sinye Lim, Roger C. Young
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The separation of arsenic metabolites in urine by high performance liquid chromatographyinductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry
Jin-Yong Chung, Hyoun-Ju Lim, Young-Jin Kim, Ki-Hoon Song, Byoung-Gwon Kim, Young-Seoub Hong
Environmental Health and Toxicology.2014; 29: e2014018. CrossRef

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Research Article

Association of Diabetes Mellitus with a Combination of Vitamin D Deficiency and Arsenic Exposure in the Korean General Population: Analysis of 2008–2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data: Byung-Kook Lee, Yangho Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2013;25:7-7. Published online May 21, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-4374-25-7

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Objectives

We present data from the Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2008–2009 on the combination of vitamin D deficiency and arsenic exposure on diabetes mellitus (DM) in a representative sample of the adult Korean population.

Methods

This study was based on data obtained from the KNHANES 2008–2009, which was conducted for 3 years (2007–2009) using a rolling sampling design that involved a complex, stratified, multistage, probability-cluster survey of a representative sample of the non-institutionalized civilian population in South Korea.

Results

Data analysis revealed that subjects who showed both vitamin D levels in the 1^st quartile (Q) and urinary arsenic levels in the 4^th Q, had a 302% increased risk of having DM, as compared with those whose vitamin D and urinary arsenic levels were in the 4^th Q and 1^st Q, respectively.

Conclusion

The present study reconfirmed an association of DM with low vitamin D levels and arsenic exposure, and further showed a combination of vitamin D deficiency and arsenic exposure on DM in the general Korean population. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing a combination of vitamin D deficiency and arsenic exposure on DM. The present findings have important public health implications.

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Association between urinary arsenic species and vitamin D deficiency: a cross-sectional study in Chinese pregnant women
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Dietary Selenium Deficiency Partially Mimics the Metabolic Effects of Arsenic
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International Journal of Environmental Health Research.2015; 25(4): 432. CrossRef
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Original Article

Acute Toxicity of Arsenic in Rats and Mice: Byung Sun Choi, Dae Woong Kang, Jin Young Lee, Eon Sub Park, Yeon Pyo Hong, Ji Sun Yang, Hyomin Lee, Jung Duck Park; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2003;15(4):323-334. Published online December 31, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2003.15.4.323

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
Arsenic (As) is ubiquitously distributed in the environment and is known as a human carcinogen. In this study, acute As toxicity at lethal dosage in rats and mice was evaluated, and As-induced hepatotoxicity was characterized.
METHODS
Male Sprague-Dawley rats, male ICR mice and trivalent inorganic As, sodium arsenite, were used in this experiment. LD50 and LD100 were calculated from 24-hour lethality after the single subcutaneous administration of As into rats and mice. Serum and liver were collected from the surviving animals. The activities of ALT, AST and gamma-GT in serum were determined, and the concentrations of MDA, GSH and CYP450 in liver were analyzed.
RESULTS
The LD50 and LD100 of sodium arsenite were calculated as 12 mg/kg and 13 mg/kg for rats, and 16.5 mg/kg and 19 mg/kg for mice, respectively. Thus, the rat was more susceptible than the mouse to the acute lethal toxicity of As. The histopathological changes induced by As were similar between rats and mice. AST was increased in high-dose As-treated rats and mice, whereas ALT was increased in high-dose As-treated mice but not in rats. gamma-GT was not significantly changed between the two animal groups. As increased lipid peroxidation, but decreased GSH and CYP450 in the liver of both rats and mice, in dose-dependent patterns. These results indicate that oxidative stress might be one of the mechanisms in As-induced hepatotoxicity.
CONCLUSION
Rats were more susceptive than mice to acute As toxicity, and oxidative stress might play a part in liver injury induced by As.

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