Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Original Article

Association between work from home and health-related productivity loss among Korean employees: Hyo Jeong Kim, Dong Wook Lee, Jaesung Choi, Yun-Chul Hong, Mo-Yeol Kang; Ann Occup Environ Med 2024;36:e13. Published online April 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2024.36.e13

Abstract Abstract in Korean PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Background
After the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the widespread adoption of working from home, or teleworking, has prompted extensive research regarding its effects on work productivity and the physical and mental health of employees. In this context, our study aimed to investigate the association between working from home and health-related productivity loss (HRPL).
Methods
An online survey was conducted with a sample of 1,078 workers. HRPL was estimated by the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire: General Health version. Workers that have been working from home in the last 6 months were categorized into the “work from home” group. Generalized linear models were used to compare the mean difference of HRPL between “work from home” and “commuters” group. Stratified analyses were conducted based on various factors including gender, age, income level, occupation, education level, previous diagnosis of chronic disease, presence of preschool children, living in studio apartment, living alone, commuting time, working hours and regular exercise.
Results
The overall HRPL was higher in the “work from home” group than in the “commuters” group with a mean difference of 4.05 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.09–8.01). In the stratified analyses, significant differences were observed in workers with chronic diseases (mean difference: 8.23, 95% CI: 0.38–16.09), who do not live alone (mean difference: 4.84, 95% CI: 0.35–9.33), and workers that do not exercise regularly (mean difference: 4.96, 95% CI: 0.12–9.80).
Conclusions
Working from home is associated with an increased HRPL in the Korean working population, especially among those with chronic diseases, those who do not live alone, and those who do not exercise regularly.; 재택근무와 건강 관련 노동생산성 손실 간의 연관성
목적
코로나-19 감염증 팬데믹 이후 재택근무 및 원격근무가 널리 퍼지면서 재택근무 생산성 및 노동자의 신체적, 정신적 건강에 대한 영향을 파악하고자 하는 연구가 다수 진행되었다. 이러한 맥락에서 본 연구는 재택근무와 건강 관련 노동생산성 손실 간의 관련성을 조사하고자 하였다.
방법
1,078명의 근로자를 대상으로 온라인 설문을 실시하였다. 건강 관련 노동생산성 손실은 “Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire: General Health version(WPAI:GH)”를 이용하여 측정하였다. 지난 6개월 간 재택근무를 한 경우 재택근무자로, 그렇지 않은 경우 통근 근무자로 분류되었다. 재택근무자와 통근 근무자 간의 건강 관련 노동생산성 손실의 평균 차이를 비교하기 위해 일반 선형 모델을 사용하였다. 성별, 연령, 소득 수준, 학력, 만성 질병 진단 여부, 미취학 아동의 존재, 원룸 거주 여부, 독거 여부, 통근 시간, 근무 시간, 꾸준한 운동 등의 요인에 대한 층화 분석을 시행했다.
결과
재택근무자의 건강 관련 노동생산성 손실을 통근 근무자보다 높았으며 그 차이는 4.05(95% 신뢰구간: 0.09–8.01)이었다. 층화 분석에서는 만성 질병을 진단받은 적이 있는 경우(평균 차: 8.22, 95% 신뢰구간: 0.38–16.09), 독거 중이 아닌 경우(평균 차: 4.84, 95% 신뢰구간: 0.35–9.33), 그리고 운동을 꾸준히 하지 않는 경우(평균 차: 4.96, 95% 신뢰구간: 0.12–9.80) 유의한 차이가 확인되었다.
결론
국내 노동 인구에서 재택근무는 건강 관련 노동생산성 손실과 관련이 있으며 특히 만성 질환이 있는 근로자, 동거인이 있는 근로자, 운동을 정기적으로 하지 않는 근로자에서 더욱 그러한 것으로 나타났다.

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Original Article

Association between insomnia and absenteeism or presenteeism among Korean employees: JongHyun Hwang, Seong-Sik Cho, Jung Il Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2022;34:e41. Published online December 6, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2022.34.e41

Abstract Abstract in Korean PDF PubReader ePub

Background

In Korea, few studies clarify insomnia and its association and absenteeism or presenteeism. Therefore, this study aims to examine the association between insomnia and absenteeism/presenteeism using the sixth Korean Working Conditions Survey.

Methods

Insomnia was evaluated by the Minimal Insomnia Symptoms Scale (MISS). Absenteeism and presenteeism were assessed by asking if the employee had experienced absence or working despite being ill for the prior 12 months at the point of the survey. Multiple logistic analyses were conducted to explore insomnia and its association with absenteeism and presenteeism.

Results

The odds ratios of insomnia for absenteeism and presenteeism were 3.48 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.76–4.39) and 3.68 (95% CI: 3.18–4.26) in the fully adjusted model. As the MISS scores increased, absenteeism and presenteeism showed the increasing trend that odd ratios increased accordingly from the first to the fourth quartile.

Conclusions

This study observed that insomnia was related to both absenteeism and presenteeism among Korean employees.

한국 근로자에서의 불면증과 결근(absenteeism) 및 프리젠티즘(presenteeism) 간 연관성 연구.
목적
불면증은 결근 및 프리젠티즘을 유발하는 위험 인자로 알려져 있으나 한국의 노동자들에서의 불면증과 결근 및 프리젠티즘 간의 연관성을 연구한 경우는 드물다. 따라서, 이 연구는 한국 노동자들에서의 불면증과 결근 및 프리젠티즘간의 연관성을 조사하였다.
방법
본 연구는 제6차 한국 취업자 근로환경조사 자료를 활용하였다. 불면증은 최소 불면증 증상 척도(MISS)를 사용하여 평가하였으며, 결근 및 프리젠티즘은 조사시점에서 1년동안의 결근 경험 및 건강상 문제가 있음에도 출근한 경험에 대해 질문함으로써 평가하였다. 불면증과 결근 및 프리젠티즘 간의 연관성을 분석하기 위해 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석을 수행하였다.
결과
보정된 모형에서 불면증과 결근 및 프리젠티즘과의 오즈비는 각각 3.48(95% CI: 2.76 - 4.39), 3.68(95% CI: 3.18 - 4.26) 이었다. 최소 불면증 증상 척도 점수가 증가할 수록 결근 및 프리젠티즘이 증가하는 경향을 보였다.
결론
본 연구를 통해 불면증과 결근 및 프리젠티즘의 연관성을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 근로자들의 수면 건강을 위한 추가적인 연구와 효과적인 수면 건강 중재 프로그램의 개발 및 도입이 필요할 수 있다.

Citations

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Prevalence of Sleep Disturbances in Latin American Populations and Its Association with Their Socioeconomic Status—A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis
F. A. Etindele Sosso, Filipa Torres Silva, Rita Queiroz Rodrigues, Margarida M. Carvalho, Sofia Zoukal, Gabriel Cordova Zarate
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(24): 7508. CrossRef
Multidimensional typologies of precarious employment and their relationships with mental well-being in Korean wageworkers: A latent class analysis based on the Korean Working Conditions Survey (2020–2021)
Seong-Uk Baek, Jong-Uk Won, Jin-Ha Yoon
Preventive Medicine.2023; 177: 107787. CrossRef
Association between receiving work communications outside of work hours via telecommunication devices and work-related headaches and eyestrain: a cross-sectional analysis of the 6th Korean Working Conditions Survey
Yoon-Soo Jang, Jae-Han Lee, Na-Rae Lee, Dong-Woo Kim, June-Hee Lee, Kyung-Jae Lee
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Presenteeism, Job Satisfaction, and Psychological Distress among Portuguese Workers in a Private Social Solidarity Institution during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study
Ana Catarina Maurício, Carlos Laranjeira
Administrative Sciences.2023; 13(10): 220. CrossRef

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Original Article

Impacts of presenteeism on work-related injury absence and disease absence: Youna Won, Hwan-Cheol Kim, Jiho Kim, Minsun Kim, Seong-Cheol Yang, Shin-Goo Park, Jong-Han Leem; Ann Occup Environ Med 2022;34:e25. Published online September 23, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2022.34.e25

Abstract Abstract in Korean PDF PubReader ePub

Background

Many studies have been conducted on presenteeism and absenteeism, but the relationship between presenteeism and absenteeism is unclear. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of presenteeism on future absenteeism.

Methods

This study was conducted on non-white collar workers that underwent general health examinations in 2014 and 2015. We asked subjects to fill out a questionnaire about their experiences of presenteeism for the past one year in 2014. In 2015, it was checked whether the same subjects had any experience of absence from work due to injury or disease during the past year. The χ² test was used to analyze relationships between sociodemographic and occupational characteristics, presenteeism, and absence. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated by logistic regression analysis controlled for confounding factors.

Results

A total of 12,572 workers were included in the study. For workers who experienced presenteeism, the OR for injury absence was 2.705 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.044–3.581), and the OR for disease absence was 4.906 (95% CI: 3.996–6.024) after adjusting for sociodemographic and occupational confounding factors. For men that experienced presenteeism, the OR for injury absence was 3.035 (95% CI: 2.258–4.081), and the OR for disease absence was 5.508 (95% CI: 4.340–6.989). For women that experienced presenteeism, the OR for injury absence was 1.322 (95% CI: 0.577–3.028), which was not significant, and the OR for disease absence was 3.629 (95% CI: 2.405–5.475).

Conclusions

This study suggests that presenteeism can influence future absenteeism. The effect of presenteeism may depend on cause of absence. Men who experienced presenteeism showed greater effects on injury and disease absence than women. For women, experience of presenteeism had a significant effect on disease absence but not on injury absence.

작업관련 손상결근과 질병결근에 대한 프리젠티즘의 영향
목적
프리젠티즘과 결근에 대한 많은 연구가 있어왔지만 그 상관관계는 여전히 불분명하다. 본 연구는 프리젠티즘이 미래의 결근에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 수행되었다.
방법
본 연구는 2014년과 2015년에 한 대학병원에서 일반건강검진을 받은 비사무직근로자를 대상으로 실시하였다. 2014년 설문지 작성을 통해 지난 1년간의 프리젠티즘 여부를 조사하였다. 동일 근로자를 대상으로 2015년에는 1년간의 손상 및 질병 결근 여부를 확인하였다. 카이제곱 검정을 통해 사회인구통계학적, 직업적 특성과 프리젠티즘, 결근 간의 관계를 분석하였다. 교란 요인을 통제하여 로지스틱 회귀분석을 수행해 오즈비(OR)를 계산했다.
결과
총 12,572명의 근로자가 연구에 포함되었다. 사회인구학적 및 직업적 교란 요인을 조정한 후 프리젠티즘을 경험한 근로자에서 손상결근의 오즈비는 2.705(95% CI: 2.044-3.581), 질병결근의 오즈비는 4.906(95% CI: 3.996-6.024)이었다. 성별에 따라 나눈 결과, 프리젠티즘을 경험한 남성에서 손상결근의 오즈비는 3.035(95% CI: 2.258~4.081), 질병결근의 오즈비는 5.508(95% CI: 4.340~6.989)이었다. 여성의 경우는 프리젠티즘을 경험한 후 손상결근 오즈비가 1.322(95% CI: 0.577-3.028)로 유의미하지 않았고, 질병결근 오즈비는 3.629(95% CI: 2.405-5.475)로 나타났다.
결론
본 연구는 프리젠티즘이 미래 결근의 요인이 될 수 있음을 시사한다. 결근의 원인에 따라서 프리젠티즘의 영향은 달라질 수 있다. 남성과 여성을 분류했을 때, 프리젠티즘을 경험한 남성은 여성보다 손상과 질병 결근 모두에서 더 큰 영향을 보였고, 여성은 질병결근과 달리 손상결근에서는 이러한 영향이 나타나지 않았다.

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Association between sickness presenteeism and depressive symptoms: a cross-sectional study using the 6th Korean working conditions survey
Myeong-Hun Lim, Min-Seok Kim, Seong-Uk Baek, Tae-Yeon Kim, Jong-Uk Won, Jin-Ha Yoon
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health.2024; 97(5): 537. CrossRef
Self-Esteem Trajectories After Occupational Injuries and Diseases and Their Relation to Changes in Subjective Health: Result From the Panel Study of Workers’ Compensation Insurance (PSWCI)
Seong-Uk Baek, Won-Tae Lee, Min-Seok Kim, Myeong-Hun Lim, Jin-Ha Yoon, Jong-Uk Won
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

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Original Article

Workplace influenza vaccination in private hospital setting: a cost-benefit analysis: Mohd. Ab. Hadi Tohiar, Safurah Jaafar, Azimatun Noor Aizuddin, Tan Kok Leong, Azrin Syahida Abdul Rahim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2022;34:e3. Published online February 17, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2022.34.e3

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background

Influenza illness causes several disruptions to the workforce. The absenteeism that often ensues has economic implications for employers. This study aimed to estimate the cost-benefit of influenza vaccination in a healthcare setting from the employer’s perspective.

Methods

A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted in a private hospital in 2018–2019 comparing voluntary vaccinated with non-vaccinated employees with influenza vaccine. The analyses were made based on self-reporting on absenteeism and presenteeism from Influenza-like illnesses (ILIs). The costs incurred, both direct and indirect costs, were included in the study. A cost-benefit analysis was performed by measuring the cost of the vaccination program. The costs of absenteeism and reduced productivity were calculated using 3 hypothesised levels of effectiveness in the following percentage of productivity of 30%, 50%, and 70%. The costs were also calculated based on four scenarios: with and without operating income and with and without replacement. The benefits of the influenza vaccination from the employer’s perspective were analysed. The benefit to cost ratio was determined.

Results

A total of four hundred and twenty-one respondents participated. The influenza vaccination rate was 63.0%. The rate of ILI of 38.1% was significantly lower among vaccinated. The ILI-related absenteeism reported was also significantly lower amongst vaccinated employees at 30% compared to 70% non-vaccinated. Employers could save up to USD 18.95 per vaccinated employee when only labour cost was included or 54.0% of cost savings. The cost-saving rose to USD 155.56 when the operating income per employee was also included. The benefit to cost ratio confirmed that the net cost-benefit gained from the vaccination was more than the net cost of vaccination.

Conclusions

Influenza vaccination for working adults was cost-saving and cost-beneficial when translated into financial investments for the employer. A workplace vaccination demonstrates a significant cost-benefit strategy to be applied in any institutional setting.

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Association between long working hours and engagement in preventive healthcare services in Korean workers: Findings from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Seong-Uk Baek, Yu-Min Lee, Jin-Ha Yoon
Preventive Medicine.2024; 180: 107849. CrossRef
Costs and cost-effectiveness of influenza illness and vaccination in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review from 2012 to 2022
Radhika Gharpure, Anna N. Chard, Maria Cabrera Escobar, Weigong Zhou, Molly M. Valleau, Tat S. Yau, Joseph S. Bresee, Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner, Sarah W. Pallas, Kathryn E. Lafond, Sydney Rosen
PLOS Medicine.2024; 21(1): e1004333. CrossRef

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Original Article

Association between split shift work and work-related injury and disease absence: Kwon Ko, Jae Bum Park, Kyung-Jong Lee, Inchul Jeong; Ann Occup Environ Med 2021;33:e27. Published online August 19, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2021.33.e27

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Background
Shift work (particularly split shifts) has been noted among the working conditions that hinder sustainable work. However, little is known regarding the effects of split shifts on health. This study aimed to investigate the association between split shift work and work-related injury and disease absence.
Methods
This study used data from the fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey and included 4,042 paid shift workers. Shift work type and self-reported work-related injury and disease absence were investigated using a questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between split shift work and work-related absence with rotating shift worker as the reference group.
Results
Of the 4,042 shift workers, 980 (24.3%) were split shift workers. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of split shift for absence due to work-related injury was high at 2.94 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.85–4.68) and the aOR of split shift for absence due to work-related disease was also high at 1.58 (95% CI: 1.09–2.29) compared to rotating shift.
Conclusions
Split shift work leads to an increased risk of absences due to work-related injury and disease.

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Research Article

Association between employment status and sickness presenteeism among Korean employees: a cross-sectional study: Jeong Woo Park, Seong Sik Cho, JongWoo Lee, Jonghyun Hwang, Jung Il Kim, Byoung Gwon Kim, Young Seoub Hong; Ann Occup Environ Med 2020;32:e17. Published online June 12, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e17

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background

Sickness presenteeism (SP) indicates “going to work while being ill.” The importance of SP has only recently been investigated, and the association between SP and employment status has been inconsistent across studies. Therefore, we conducted this study to explore the association between SP and employment status by using presenteeism propensity (PP), which can reflect the individual decision-making process.

Methods

The study population included employees participating in the 5th Korean Working Condition Survey. We analyzed data of only employees with at least one health event, which was calculated as the sum of SP and sickness absenteeism days. Employment status was grouped into 3 categories: stable employment, unstable employment (contract period ≥ 1 year), and unstable employment (contract period < 1 year). Survey-weighted logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between employment status and PP (dichotomized as “≤ 0.5” and “> 0.5”).

Results

Unstable employees (contract period ≥ 1 year) had higher odds of PP than stable employees (odds ratio [OR]: 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–1.47), whereas unstable employees (contract period < 1 year) had lower odds of PP than stable employees (OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.71–0.96).

Conclusions

Employment status was associated with SP. Given the negative health impact of SP, social efforts, such as paid sick leave, are required to reduce SP and enhance the health status of unstable workers.

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Atsushi Takayama, Takashi Yoshioka, Tomohiro Ishimaru, Satomi Yoshida, Koji Kawakami, Takahiro Tabuchi
Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine.2023; 65(7): 553. CrossRef
A Cross-Sectional Study of Psychosocial Factors and Sickness Presenteeism in Japanese Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Masashi Masuda, Tomohiro Ishimaru, Ayako Hino, Hajime Ando, Seiichiro Tateishi, Tomohisa Nagata, Mayumi Tsuji, Shinya Matsuda, Yoshihisa Fujino
Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine.2022; 64(1): e1. CrossRef
Associations between job and workplace factors, health and physical factors, personal factors, and presenteeism among general employees in Japan: A longitudinal study
Eiko Goto, Hirono Ishikawa, Tsuyoshi Okuhara, Hiroko Okada, Aiko Tsunezumi, Yumi Kagawa, Yoshihisa Fujino, Takahiro Kiuchi
Journal of Occupational Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
The Effect of Emotional Labor on Presenteeism of Chinese Nurses in Tertiary-Level Hospitals: The Mediating Role of Job Burnout
Jia Song, Fang Liu, Xiaowei Li, Zhan Qu, Rongqiang Zhang, Jie Yao
Frontiers in Public Health.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

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Research Article

A global, cross cultural study examining the relationship between employee health risk status and work performance metrics: Ana Howarth, Jose Quesada, Peter R. Mills; Ann Occup Environ Med 2017;29:17. Published online June 12, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-017-0172-1

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background

Health risk assessments (HRA) are used by many organisations as a basis for developing relevant and targeted employee health and well-being interventions. However, many HRA’s have a western-centric focus and therefore it is unclear whether the results can be directly extrapolated to those from non-western countries. More information regarding the differences in the associations between country status and health risks is needed along with a more global perspective of employee health risk factors and well-being overall. Therefore we aimed to i) quantify and compare associations for a number of health risk factors based on country status, and then ii) explore which characteristics can aid better prediction of well-being levels and in turn workplace productivity globally.

Methods

Online employee HRA data collected from 254 multi-national companies, for the years 2013 through 2016 was analysed (n = 117,274). Multiple linear regression models were fitted, adjusting for age and gender, to quantify associations between country status and health risk factors. Separate regression models were used to assess the prediction of well-being measures related to productivity.

Results

On average, the developing countries were comprised of younger individuals with lower obesity rates and markedly higher job satisfaction compared to their developed country counterparts. However, they also reported higher levels of anxiety and depression, a greater number of health risks and lower job effectiveness. Assessment of key factors related to productivity found that region of residency was the biggest predictor of presenteeism and poor pain management was the biggest predictor of absenteeism.

Conclusions

Clear differences in health risks exist between employees from developed and developing countries and these should be considered when addressing well-being and productivity in the global workforce.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40557-017-0172-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Research Article

Presenteeism among self-employed workers: Korean working conditions survey: Min-Su Kim, Jae Bum Park, Kyoung-Bok Min, Kyung-Jong Lee, Kimin Kwon; Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26:32-32. Published online October 1, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-014-0032-1

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objective

Presenteeism has become a public concern recently. Thus, we aimed to understand the relationship between self-employed workers and presenteeism using a nationally representative sample of Korean workers.

Methods

Using data from the Korean Working Conditions Survey conducted in 2011, a total of 43,392 workers including paid employees and self-employed workers were analyzed. The effect of employment status on presenteeism was analyzed using logistic regression analysis. The independent variables were socioeconomic characteristics, working conditions, and working environments.

Results

Among the 43,392 workers, 34,783 were paid and 8,609 were self-employed. Self-employed workers were more likely to exhibit presenteeism than were paid workers. An elevated odds ratio of 1.27 (95% CI 1.19-1.36) was found for presenteeism among self-employed workers.

Conclusion

Being self-employed was significantly related with exhibiting presenteeism. Additional research should investigate whether other factors mediate the relationship between employment status and presenteeism as well as ways to reduce presenteeism among self-employed workers.

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Original Article

Association between Job Stress, Psychosocial Well-being and Presenteeism, Absenteeism: Focusing on Railroad Workers: Inn Shil Ryu, Dae Soon Jeong, In Ah Kim, Jae Hoon Roh, Jong Uk Won; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2012;24(3):263-273. Published online September 30, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2012.24.3.263

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to determine the current status of presenteeism and absenteeism among railroad workers as well as to investigate whether or not job stress level and psychosocial well-being status are associated with presenteeism and absenteeism.
METHODS
As the cross-sectional design, a self-reported questionnaire using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale(KOSS), Psychosocial Well-being Index(PWI), and Work Productivity and Impairment-General Health(WPAI-GH) was administered to railroad workers. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to analyze the association between job stress, psychosocial well-being status and presenteeism, absenteeism in 1,099 subjects.
RESULTS
Among the study subjects, 52.0% and 22.0% experiened presenteeism and absenteeism, respectively. Job stress level in railroad workers was higher than that in general workers. Multivariate logistic regression with presenteeism as the dependent variable showed an elevated odds ratio of 3.56(95% CI 1.48-8.54) in the highest job stress group, and an odds ratio of 3.20(95% CI 1.94-5.26) in the high-risk psychosocial stress group. There was no significant association between job stress level and absenteeism, whereas weak association between psychosocial stress and absenteeism was found.
CONCLUSIONS
Since railroad workers have a high level of job stress and elevated experience of presenteeism, a management strategy is required to control presenteeism and absenteeism in order to promote railroad workers' health and safety.

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Original Article

Relationship between Occupational Stress-Emotional Labor and Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Experience of Absence or Early Leave in Some Civil Affairs Officials: Sang Kon Yoo, Chang Ki Choi, Han Soo Song, Chul Gab Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(2):192-202. Published online June 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.2.192

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this study are to identify the relationship between the Korean occupational stress scale (KOSS) and emotional labor, and to study the association between emotional labor and musculoskeletal symptoms, absence or early leave due to physical problems among civil affairs officials.
METHODS
391 public workers who provide social insurance service were analyzed. A structured self-reported questionnaire was used to assess sociodemographics, job stress, emotional labor, musculoskeletal symptoms and the experience of absence or early leave due to physical problems. For a comprehensive understanding of the relationship among these factors, multiple logistic regression analysis was used.
RESULTS
The Pearson coefficient was 0.409 between the job demand of KOSS and the emotional labor score. The odds ratio of musculoskeletal symptoms is 2.32(95% CI: 1.17~4.61), 2.48(95% CI: 1.15~5.33) in the groups of moderate and, high emotional labor score, respectively, compared to the low score group. On the other hand, the odds ratio of the experience of absence or early leave due to physical problems is 2.43(95% CI: 1.24~4.76) and, 3.08(95% CI: 1.44~6.57) in the same groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Emotional labor acts as a factor of job demand of KOSS, and has an effect on musculoskeletal symptoms and absence or early leave among civil affairs officials.

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Original Article

Absence and Early Leave Status due to Job Stress and its Relationship to Job Stress Factors According to the Korean Occupational Stress Scale among Workers in Small and Medium Scale Industry: Jeong Hoon Kim, Shin Goo Park, Dong Hyun Kim, Hwan Cheol Kim, Jong Han Leem, Eui Cheol Lee, Dong Hoon Lee, Ji Young Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2009;21(2):107-114. Published online June 30, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2009.21.2.107

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the actual conditions of absence and early leave due to job stress of 4,350 workers in 83 small and medium scale industries, and its relationship to job stress factors using Korean Occupational Stress Scale-Short Form (KOSS-SF).
METHODS
A structured self-reported questionnaire was used to assess each respondent's sociodemographics, job stress, experience of absence and early leave due to job stress. Seven KOSS-SF domains of job stress were used. We estimated the relation of absence and early leave due to job stress and job stress factors using logistic regression analyses.
RESULTS
Absence or early leave due to job stress occurred in 7% of male workers and 8% of female workers. Multiple regression analysis revealed a significantly positive association job stress-related absence/early leave and job demand, interpersonal conflict, organizational system, lack of rewards and occupational climate.
CONCLUSIONS
Absence and early leave due to job stress is significantly attributed to organizational system and lack of reward for men, and occupational climate and organizational system for women.

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Original Article

The Association of Health Risks with Absenteeism and Presenteeism: Seung Won Oh, Ki Taig Jung, Ji Young Park; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2007;19(4):304-314. Published online December 31, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2007.19.4.304

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study sought to provide evidence for the relationship between health risks and selfreported absenteeism and presenteeism.
METHODS
A cross-sectional analysis of 496 employees of an electric company was conducted. Participants responded to a self-questionnaire including the assessment of 7 health risks (obesity, current smoking, problem drinking, lack of exercise, chronic disease, depressive mood, high stress) and the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment - General Health Questionnaire (WPAI-GH). Logistic regression analyses were used to determine the significance of health risks on work impairment.
RESULTS
As a result of the analysis of all the participants, problem drinking (absenteeism) and high stress (absenteeism and presenteeism) were significantly associated with work impairment. In the analysis of a sub-group, current smoking (presenteeism), lack of exercise (absenteeism), and high stress (presenteeism and absenteeism) were significantly associated with reduced productivity among the blue-collar workers. However, the analysis of the white-collar workers showed no significant relationship between health risks and work impairment.
CONCLUSIONS
This investigation suggests that employees who have more health risks will experience more absenteeism and presenteeism than employees with fewer risks, and this association is affected by employment type.

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