Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Volume 10 (4); December 1998

Case Reports

Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss Caused by Noise Exposure to Intense Sound: Kyoo Sang Kim, Jinsook Kim, Keehyun Park; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998;10(4):618-626. Published online December 31, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1998.10.4.618

Sudden deafness may be defined as a sensorineural hearing loss that develope over a period of hours or a few days. The severity of the hearing loss may vary from mild to total loss of perception of the most intense sound. The loss of hearing may be permanent, or the hearing may spontaneously return to normal or near normal. Proposed explanations for sudden idiopathic sensorineural loss revolve primarily around viral or vascular etiologies. In addition to noise-induced deafness, which can be divided into a slowly progressive deafness caused by prolonged intense noise exposure and acute acoustic trauma caused by a single exposure to very intense sound. 45- and 52-year-old healthy male smokers with no previous otologic history, noted the acute loss of hearing with tinnitus in his right ear during his unusual intense noise exposed activities. There were no other associated symptoms of dizziness or visual change. After several days without improvement, they presented to the department of otolaryngology. Physical examination, neurologic evaluation, and otorhinolaryngologic examination were essentially within normal limits except for the hearing loss on the right ear. An audiogram revealed a severe primarily sensorineural sensitivity loss on the right. Routine laboratory studies were within normal limits. Two patients denied previous barotrauma, atypical or unusual drug usage, and unusual physical exertion or strain. We observed evidence of cochlear abnormality. The presence of cochlear dysfunction is supported by acoustic reflex threshold and auditory brain-stem response. These findings strengthened the probability of an acoustic trauma origin for the sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

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Occupational Diseases in Korea
Seong-Kyu Kang, Eun A Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S4. CrossRef

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A Case of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Combined with Asbestosis in a Boilermaker and Plumber: Dong Mug Kang, Jung Won Kim, Byung Chul Son, Joo In Kim, Jae Chul Woo, Jong Tae Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998;10(4):610-617. Published online December 31, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1998.10.4.610

Abstract PDF

Diffuse mesotheliomas of the pleura and peritoneum are considered "signal tumors" of asbestos exposure. Although asbestos use in Korea started before the national liberation, it rose abruptly with economic development in 1970's. Considering latent period of mesotheliomas as twenty years, occupational mesothelioma cases would increase rapidly. In Korea construction is a major industry which use asbestos. Because workers in construction industry are mostly composed of daily based workers, it is hard to calculate the number of workers involving asbestos related work, to manage them with organized method, to educate them about adverse effects of asbestos and protection methods, to check health status of them periodically, and to follow them up. Although a case of occupational mesothelioma which was found in a asbestos textile worker have been reported, no case related with construction workers have been reported so far in Korea. The authors experienced occupational malignant pleural mesothelioma combined with asbestosis in a boilermaker and plumber in a construction industry.

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Environmental health centers for asbestos and their health impact surveys and activities
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Occupational Respiratory Cancer in Korea
Hye-Eun Lee, Hyoung Ryoul Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S94. CrossRef
Compensation and Diagnosis of Asbestos Related Disease
Soo-Geun Kim
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Health Effects of Environmental Asbestos Exposure
Dong-Mug Kang
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Three Cases of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Misdiagnosed as Tuberculous Pleurisy
Ki Uk Kim, Ji Eun Kim, Woo Sung Jo, Ji Seok Lee, Hye Kyung Park, Yun Seong Kim, Min Ki Lee, Hoseok I, Yeong Dae Kim, Chang Hun Lee
Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases.2007; 62(4): 323. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Association between Musculoskeletal Subjective Symptoms and the MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) Profile of Female VDT Operators: Jae Cheol Song, Weon Young Lee, Young Jun Kwon, Mo Ran Ki, Soo Jin Lee, Si Bok Park, Jung Hyun Nahm; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998;10(4):599-609. Published online December 31, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1998.10.4.599

Abstract PDF

A study was conducted to assess the association between musculoskeletal subjective symptoms and the MMPI(Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) profile. The study subjects were 539 female operators of telecommunication company in Seoul, and were interviewed with subjective symptom questionnaire and MMPI. Results were as follows 1. 77.5% of the study subjects complained subjective symptoms on the shoulder, 73.8% on the neck, 71.8% on the lower back, 67.5% on the arm, 67.2% on the hand, 39.8% on the elbow, respectively. According to NIOSH symptom criteria, 63% complained on the shoulder, 57.4%, 54.6% on the lower back, 53.2% on the hand, 45.9% on the arm, 29.8% on the elbow, respectively. 2. Among the MMPI clinical scales, Hs(Hypochondriasis), Hy(Hystria) and Dep (Depression) scales showed significant differences according to the numbers of subjective symptom(NIOSH criteria), VAS(Visual Analogue Scale), and the experience of sick leave (each by ANOVA, p<0.05). 3. The association between the numbers of subjective symptom site for NIOSH symptom criteria, the personal history of sick leave and the MMPI profile that has more than 70 points in anything of Hs, Dep and Hy scales was showed significantly (each by x(2)-test, p<0.05).

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Relationships between MMPI Scales under Defensive Attitude and Safety and Health Indices
Jong Hwan Kim, Byung Yong Jeong, Myoung Hwan Park
Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea.2016; 35(6): 611. CrossRef

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Effect of Shift Work on Worker's Health, Family and Social Life at a Automobile Manufacturing Plant: Hyungjoon Chun, Mi A Son, Yongchul Kim, Eunyeon Cho, Jiyong Kim, Domyung Paek; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998;10(4):587-598. Published online December 31, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1998.10.4.587

Abstract PDF

Effect of shift work on worker's health, family and social life was investigated at a automobile manufacturing plant in Inchon. In total, 2488 shift workers and 599 non-shift workers completed self administered questionnaire in their sleep pattern, subjective gastrointestinal symptoms, prevalent chronic disease status, general well-being schedule, family and social life. More shift workers complained of sleep disturbance, poor sleep quality, tiredness at awakening, and sleepiness in work than non-shift workers. More shift workers also complained of gastrointestinal disturbance than non-shift workers. Worker's mental health was assessed by General Well-Being Schedule(GWB) questionnaire developed for the U.S. Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys(HANES I). The percentage of severely distressed shift workers was significantly higher than that of non-shift workers(p<0.01). Among subscores in General Well-Being Schedule, anxiety, depression, positive well-being, vitality, and general health subscale of shift workers were lower than those of non-shift workers (p<0.05). In terms of family and social life, there was no significant difference between two groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis was done for discrete variables which showed statistically significant difference between shift and non-shift group. The variables included in analysis were sleep disturbance symptoms, gastrointestinal complaints, and distress level calculated from GWB score. Age, tenure, smoking, alcohol drinking, and exercise were adjusted as confounding factors and odds ratios for above symptoms due to shift work were calculated. Odds ratios (ORs) for sleep disturbance symptoms ranged from 0.52 to 3.59. ORs for gastrointestinal complaints ranged from 1.19 to 1.34. OR for distress level was 1.31. We concluded that shift workers are suffered from physical and psychological ailments due to shift work and interventional methods for preventing worker's health from adverse effects of shift work are needed.

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Study on Health Consciousness and Eating Habits of Workers at Deluxe Hotels in Seoul and Gyonggi-do regions
Jae Joong Kim, Eun Jung Lee, Kyung-Ran Lee
Journal of The Korean Society of Food Culture.2016; 31(6): 587. CrossRef
The association between shift work and depression in hotel workers
Hyun Jey Moon, Sang Hyun Lee, Hee Sung Lee, Kyung-Jae Lee, Joo Ja Kim
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Influence of shift work in process industry on workers' occupational health, productivity, and family and social life: An ergonomic approach
Kishor K. Dhande, Sunil Sharma
Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries.2011; 21(3): 260. CrossRef

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Concentration of Lead, Cadmium, and Mercury in Scalp Hair, Cerebellum, Cerebrum, Heart, Kidney, Liver, Lung and Spleen from Autopsy Subjects : Relationship between Scalp Hair and Internal Organs: Jong Hak Chung, Chang Yoon Kim, Joon Sakong, Joong Jung Lee, Man Joong Jeon, Seong Kuk Lee, Jeung Sik Kwak, Sung Hwa Park; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998;10(4):571-586. Published online December 31, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1998.10.4.571

Abstract PDF

This study was conducted to measure the lead, cadmium and mercury levels in the scalp hair, cerebellum, cerebrum, heart, kidney, liver, lung, and spleen of the 60 Korean autopsy subjects and assess the relationship among those samples. The mean lead level in the scalp hair was 12.29+/-12.51 microgram/g and no significant difference was detected in lead concentrations between the two sexes. Among the internal organ tissues the cerebrum contained the highest level of lead. This is followed by the cerebellum, spleen and liver respectively. After which the kidney and lung showed a close similarity at relatively low concentrations and the heart contained the lowest concentration. There was also no significant variation found between sexes in a comparison of lead in the internal organ tissues. The concentrations of cadmium in kidney were 127.33+/-89.36 microgram/g and considerably higher than those in the other internal organs. The liver contained the next highest level of cadmium. In both sexes, the consistent difference was noted in the cadmium concentrations of the kidney, heart and spleen. Yet female cadmium level was higher than the male's. The concentrations of mercury in the kidney and liver were 1.26+/-2.89 microgram/g, 0.59+/-0.54 microgram/g and considerably higher than those in the other internal organs. The mean mercury level in the scalp hair was 1.29+/-0.64 microgram/g and no marked difference was noted in both sexes. The lead concentration in the spleen increased with advancing age, though not statistically significance, and most of the internal organ tissues that were examined showed no evidence of increased lead concentration with age. The kidney, cerebrum, spleen and cerebellum showed increased cadmium concentrations with age. Also as well as the internal organ tissues that were examined showed no evidence of increased mercury concentration with age. The lead concentrations in the liver and lung were higher in the urban area than in the rural area, but the lead concentration in the kidney was higher in the rural area. No difference was noted in tissue cadmium and mercury concentrations as to the area of residence either. The physical workers had greater concentrations of lead in cerebellum than did housewives or the unemployed. Yet no difference was noted in the other tissues between the two groups. In the cerebellum, cerebrum, heart, and spleen, the physical workers had greater concentrations of cadmium than students or mental workers. Also physical workers had greater concentrations of cadmium in lung than housewives or the unemployed. In contrast to lead and cadmium, both the housewives and the unemployed had higher concentrations of mercury in cerebellum and cerebrum than physical workers, but there was no difference was noted in the other tissues between the two groups. In the lead concentration, there was no statistically significant correlation between the scalp hair and examined internal organ tissues. There was a close relationship between lead levels in cerebellum and cerebrum (r=0.465, p<0.01), as well as a relationship between the cerebellum and the kidney(r=0.300, p<0.05). There was no statistically significant correlation between the cadmium levels in the scalp hair and in the examined internal organ tissues. Positive correlations were found between the cadmium concentrations in the cerebellum and the cerebrum(r=0.5543, p<0.01), heart(r=0.480, p<0.01), kidney(r=0.376, p<0.01) and spleen(r=0.408, p<0.01). Also positive correlation was found between in the cerebrum and the heart(r=0.377, p<0.01), kidney(r=0.484, p<0.01), liver(r=0.265, p<0.05), lung(r=0.458, p<0.01) and spleen (r=0.483, p<0.01). There was also no statistically significant correlation between the mercury levels in the scalp hair and in the examined internal organ tissues. Positive correlation was found between the mercury concentrations in the cerebellum and cerebrum(r=0.760, p<0.01), heart(r=0.270, p<0.05), liver(r=0.425, p<0.01), lung (r=0.488, p<0.01) and spleen (r=0.534, p<0.01), and also positive correlation was found between in the cerebrum and heart(r=0.376, p<0.01), liver(r=0.350, p<0.01), lung(r=0.554, p<0.01) and spleen (r=0.489, p<0.01). Various epidemiological studies reported usefulness and reliability of using scalp hair as a monitor of a environmental pollutants. In this study, there was statistically significant correlation of lead, cadmium and mercury levels in most of the tissues that were examined, but there was no statistically significant correlation between the lead, cadmium and mercury levels in the scalp hair and most of examined internal organ tissues. The findings of this study would suggest that it is still uncertain to using scalp hair as a biological monitoring.

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Human Exposure to Metals: Levels in Autopsy Tissues of Individuals Living Near a Hazardous Waste Incinerator
Montse Mari, Martí Nadal, Marta Schuhmacher, Eneko Barbería, Francisco García, José L. Domingo
Biological Trace Element Research.2014; 159(1-3): 15. CrossRef
Effect of metallothionein core promoter region polymorphism on cadmium, zinc and copper levels in autopsy kidney tissues from a Turkish population
Zeliha Kayaaltı, Görkem Mergen, Tülin Söylemezoğlu
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology.2010; 245(2): 252. CrossRef

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A Status of the Report for Industrial Injuries and Illnesses at an Automobile Related Plant: Soo Keun Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998;10(4):562-570. Published online December 31, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1998.10.4.562

Abstract PDF

The incidence rate of industrial accidents tends to decrease since 1984. It seems to be caused by the active prevention activities for industrial accidents, however, there has been some concern for under-reporting of industrial injuries and illnesses. This study was carried out to assess the status of injury occurrences and industrial accident reports. The author reviewed and analysed the record from an infirmary of an automobile related factory from May 1994 to April 1998. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The number of injuries were 665 spells during four years and incidence rates per year per 100 persons were 39.57(1995), 39.04(1996) and 36.86(1997). The incidence rate of industrial injuries that needed over four days of medical treatment were 4.32 %, 6.51 % and 4.90 %, respectively by the year. 2. The highest incidence rate by age was the 20-29 age group (46.30 %) and by working duration was the under five years group (46.18 %). 3. A total of 665 injuries were occurred by 244 workers. Workers who experienced over five accidents were 41 persons (16.8 %) with 285 injuries and the proportion of total spells was 42.9 %. 4. Workers who experienced over 5 accidents were the younger group, had under five years working duration and worked at the position of frequently using hand tools. 5. Among the 665 spells, the injuries that needed over four days of medical treatment were 93 spells (14.0 %) and the reported proportion as an industrial accident was 8.6 % (eight spells). The results suggest that improvement of the report system is required to enhance the accuracy and reliability of the industrial accident statistics, and analysing all accidents would be necessary to setup the strategy for prevention even if they are minor injuries.

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The Prediction of Industrial Accident Rate in Korea: A Time Series Analysis
Eunsuk Choi, Gyeong-Suk Jeon, Won Kee Lee, Young Sun Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2016; 25(1): 65. CrossRef
Medical Managements of Musculoskeletal Diseases in Shipbuilding Industry
Jong-Eun Kim, Young-Ki Kim, Dong-Mug Kang
Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea.2012; 31(1): 157. CrossRef

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The Development of Health Risk Appraisal at the Worksite: Eun Hee Ha, Heui Sug Jo, Hye Sook Park, Yun Chul Hong, Hyun Sul Lim, Gyu Chul Chung, Yong Ae Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998;10(4):548-561. Published online December 31, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1998.10.4.548

Abstract PDF: Health Risk Appraisal(HRA) is usually defined as a process by which we expect of individual's chances of death or acquiring specific diseases within a defined period of time. The concept of worksite as an area of health maintenance and promotion is newly developing. Our movement for health promotion of employees has been increasingly known in the worksite. The aim of this study is to develop health risk appraisal tools about health promotion at the worksite for employees. We performed this study by two steps: one step was to develop a HRA questionnaire of worksites in Korea, another was to evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire. For developing HRA questionnaire, we reviewed scientific examples at first, and then weighted the score by delphi. To evaluate the reliability of developed questionnaire, we carried out survey by test-retest method. A total of 131 employees completed HRA questionnaire on two times. The results are as follows. The total score of health risk in unhealthy workers was higher than that of healthy workers. The range of test-retest reliability of responses to the questionnaire was 0.57-0.94. Therefore it seems that this questionnaire was very suitable to assess the health behavior of workers. In conclusion, the developed HRA questionnaire can be used as a tool for evaluating health behavior and for providing health counseling materials.

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Manganese Concentration in Blood and Urine of Manganese Exposed Welding Workers: Ho Chun Choi, Kangyoon Kim, Sun Hee An, Dae Woo Hyun; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998;10(4):534-547. Published online December 31, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1998.10.4.534

Abstract PDF

Blood and urine samples were taken from 447 welders exposed to manganese containing welding fumes and 127 office workers not exposed to welding fumes as a control. The air samples were analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Varian 30A, Australia), and blood and urine samples were analyzed by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometer(Z-8100, Hibachi, Japan). Data were evaluated in accordance with type of industry, smoking habits, and work duration. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The limit of detection(LOD) levels of manganese in blood and urine were 0.11 microgram/100ml of and 0.14 microgram/l, respectively. Our results of manganese concentration were shown within +/-2 standard deviation which was the upper and lower warning limit (UWL or LWL) on quality control chart. 2. The airborne concentrations of manganese in welding workplaces were 0.067 mg/m3 showing differences by type of industry ; 0.017 mg/m3 in automobile assembly and manufacturing industries, 0.084 mg/m3 in steel heavy industries and 0.180 mg/m3 in shipyards. 3. The blood manganese concentrations showed differences by type of industry showing the highest values of 1.70 microgram/100m1 in shipyards, 1.24 microgram/100m1 in automobile assembly and manufacturing industries and 1.11 microgram/100ml in steel heavy industries. Urinary manganese concentration corrected by urinary creatinine concentrations was 0.34 microgram/g creatinine in automobile assembly and manufacturing industries, 0.43 microgram/g creatinine in steel heavy industries and 0.48 microgram/g creatinine in shipyards. There were no difference urinary manganese concentrations by type of industry. 4. The overall blood manganese concentration was 1.26 microgram/100ml, and urinary manganese concentration was 0.35 microgram/g creatinine in welders. In contrast to these values, blood and urinary manganese concentrations were lower in control group showing 0.73 microgram/100m1, and 0.28 microgram/g creatinine, respectively. 5. Smoking habits did not seem to affect on blood and urinary manganese concentrations both in welders and office workers. 6. Blood manganese concentrations were significantly higher in welder who had worked longer than 10 years than in welder who had worked less than 10 years. 7. The blood manganese concentrations were significantly correlated to airborne manganese concentrations(r=0.318, n=64), work duration(r=0.425, n=538), and cumulative exposure indices(CEI) (r=0.354, n=64).

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Association of serum and hair antioxidant minerals with an oxidative stress marker in relation with characteristics of healthy adults: a cross-sectional study
Yoo-Ree Kang, Mi-Kyung Sung, Hyun-Wook Baik, Mi-Kyeong Choi
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A Study on the Total, Particle Size-Selective Mass Concentration of Airborne Manganese, and Blood Manganese Concentration of Welders in a Shipbuilding Yard
Jong Su Park, Pan Gyi Kim, Jee Yeon Jeong
Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.2015; 25(4): 472. CrossRef
Associations between Airborne Manganese and Blood Manganese in the Korean General Population according to KNHANES 2008-2009
Kyung Sick Jung, Jong Dae Lee, Yong Bae Kim
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The Effect of VDT Work on Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorder: Dorn Q Kim, Soo Hun Cho, Tai Ryoon Han, Ho Jang Kwon, Mina Ha, Nam Jong Paik; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998;10(4):524-533. Published online December 31, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1998.10.4.524

Abstract PDF

As use of the visual display terminal (VDT) is becoming more generalized as a result of office automation, the so-called 'VDT syndrome' which is often observed with the workers using VDT has emerged as a serious occupational health problem. However, few comparative study with control group using not only subjective symptom but also physical examination hag been conducted. We have conducted a study comparing prevalence rates of musculoskeletal disorder between 113 VDT operators of a telecommunication company and the control groups of housewives and office ladies through a review of subjective symptoms as well as physical examination by physiatrist to understand the magnitude of problem and relative risk of VDT worker. The symptom rates of upper extremity disability in VDT operators were higher than those of controls especially in neck and shoulder area. Fifty-four(47.8%) of 113 VDT operators met our case definition of upper extremity disorder by subjective symptom and physical examination. Myofascial pain syndrome of neck and shoulder muscles were the most common(46.9%). The odd ratio of using VDT operation for developing myofascial pain syndrome in the neck or shoulder area were 2.52(compared to controls of office ladies) and 2.64 (compared to controls of housewives). Other anatomical lesion such as elbow, hand and wrist shows slight higher prevalence rates of musculoskeletal disorder than control groups but not statistically significant.

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Chel Jang, Minok Song, Boa Kim, Sujung Han
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Dong Hun Lee, Boram Kang, Seungyoung Choi, Taikon Kim, Seong Ho Jang, Kyu Hoon Lee, Mi Jung Kim, Si-Bog Park, Seung Hoon Han
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Sein Oh, Hyung Kuk Kim, Jehwan Kwak, Taikon Kim, Seong Ho Jang, Kyu Hoon Lee, Mi Jung Kim, Si-Bog Park, Seung Hoon Han
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Sung-Bok Kwon, Yeo-Jin Yi, Hye-Ja Han, Kyung-Sook Cho, Nan-Young Lim, Eun-Hee Lee, Haeng-Mi Son, Young-Sook Park, Joo-Hyun Kim, Hyun-Sook Kang
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Carpal Tunnel Syndrome among Service and Manufacturing Workers with Repetitive Motion Tasks: Kyoo Sang Kim, Se Wi Lee, Younghyu Choi, Mi Ryeong Jin; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998;10(4):505-523. Published online December 31, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1998.10.4.505

Abstract PDF

The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of occupationally related carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) among workers employed in services and manufacturing industries analysing the sensitivity and specificity of clinical symptoms and signs. Three surveys were made for this study. The first survey was done for 1,447 workers employed by 25 companies. The jobs of the employees were repetitive works at VDT and assembly lines. Therefore, employees could be divided to two groups, doing repetitive works and non repetitive works. The second survey was made for 189 workers who were randomly selected from 517 workers complained some symptoms at their hands and wrists. We examined their symptoms and carried out neurological examinations for CTS (Tinel's sign, Phalen's sign, pin prick test, carpal compressive test, toniquet compression test). The third survey was made for nerve conduction study (NCS) for 57 workers who had shown positive signs for CTS. The main results of this study were as follows: 1. From the first survey, we have found that there were significant statistical differences in getting uncomfortable neuromuscular symptoms by sex, job type, total working hours during a week, duration of current work, and kinds of work. Odds ratio in male vs female, repetitive vs non repetitive, service vs manufacturing companies, total working hours during a week, and duration of current work were 1.867(95% CI=1.467-2.377), 1.680 (95% CI=1.121-2.279), 1.663(95% CI=1.213-2.279), 1.016(95% CI=1.006-1.027) and 1.283 (95% CI=1.097-1.501) respectively. 2. From the second survey, we have found that 46 peoples (25.0%) were positive for one or more than one signs in neurological examinations of NIOSH criteria. Positive findings from neurological examinations were high among workers of low level of education (p-value=0.008), manufacturing jobs (p-value=0.00), long hours a week (p-value=0.028), and long duration of current work (p-value=0.00). 3. From the third survey, we diagnosed 35 peoples (61.4%) had CTS by NCS. They had abnormally delayed latent period or velocity in median nerve conduction velocity.

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Prevalence of Allergic Diseases of Workers Exposed to Phthalic Anhydride: Hyun Sul Lim, Soo Keun Kim, Ki Sik Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998;10(4):493-504. Published online December 31, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1998.10.4.493

Abstract PDF: Phthalic anhydride (PA) is widely used in the production of alkyd and unsaturated polyester resins. It has been reported that some workers exposed to PA have developed dermatitis, rhinitis and asthma. The authors intended to investigate the prevalence of PA induced allergic diseases and to develop preventive measures of occupational diseases. Forty-five male workers from PA production and handling were selected as an exposure group. Forty-four male workers not handling PA at the same factory were chosen as a reference group. A symptom questionnaire, doctor's examination, eosinophil count, serum-total IgE and PA-specific IgE were done on the subjects. There were no significant differences in age, educational level, tenure or smoking habits between groups. Most clinical symptoms were significantly more frequent among the exposure group than the reference group: sneezing(62.2 %), rhinorrhea(57.8 %), nasal stuffiness(53.3 %), coughing(44.4 %) and nasal itching(35.6 %) were the major symptoms among the exposure group (p<0.01, p<0.05). There were no significant differences in eosinophil count and serum-total IgE between groups but the mean level in PA-specific IgE, in the exposure group, was statistically significantly higher than the reference group (p<0.01). Abnormal rates of eosinophil count, serum-total IgE and PA-specific IgE were not significantly different from each other. The prevalence rate was 68.9 % (31 cases) for allergic rhinitis in the exposure group, statistically significantly higher than the reference group (p<0.01). The prevalence rate was 6.7 %(3 cases) for bronchial asthma and contact dermatitis in the exposure group, not more statistically significant than the reference group. In the exposure group, the prevalence rate for age, educational level, tenure, smoking habits and use of protective devices are not statistically significant. In PA-specific IgE, sensitivity is 10.8 %, specificity is 100.0 %, positive predictability is 100.0 % and negative predictability is 61.2 % when criteria point is 3.5 KU/l or above. As a result, it was recognized that the exposure group had a high prevalence of PA induced allergic rhinitis. Also, in diagnosis of PA induced allergic diseases, medical histories and specific symptoms were the most important where as eosinophil count, serum total IgE are the only indirect informations. PA-specific IgE has been needed to evaluate the meanings more.

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Effect of Economic Depression on Psychosocial Distress of Industrial Workers: Bong Suk Cha, Sang Baek Koh, Seung Jun Wang, Sei Jin Chang; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998;10(4):484-492. Published online December 31, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1998.10.4.484

Abstract PDF

This study was carried out to assess the effect of economic depression on psychosocial distress, and to assess the relationship between differences of psychosocial distress and job characteristics (job strain), and to find out the effect of social support on psychosocial distress. We measured job characteristics(job demand, job control), and social support(coworker support, supervisor supports) at work by a self-administered questionnaire. Psychosocial distress was measured by PWI(Psychosocial Well-being Index), a 45-item self-administered instrument. Among the 152 respondents, the prevalence of high job strain was 27% (41 persons). The Odds ratio of high job strain was 3.11 (95% CI; 2.12~4.11), and those of passive group and active group were 2.01(95% CI; 0.83~2.76) and 1.80(95% CI; 0.83~2.76), respectively. Our results supported the association between psychosocial distress and job strain. The odds ratio of high strain isolates group (high strain group+low social support) was 3.59 (95% CI; 2.05~5.13), but the odds ratio of high strain collective group was 1.32 (95% CI; 0.23~2.41). Social support at work was modifying factor of the association between psychosocial distress and job strain. Therefore we reviewed the evidence that economic depression was associated with psychosocial distress in this study, and that the strength of the social support was important in maintain health.

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Depressive Symptoms among Industrial Workers in Vietnam and Correlated Factors: A Multi-Site Survey
Bach Xuan Tran, Giang Thu Vu, Kiet Tuan Huy Pham, Quan-Hoang Vuong, Manh-Tung Ho, Thu-Trang Vuong, Hong-Kong T. Nguyen, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Carl A. Latkin, Cyrus S.H. Ho, Roger C.M. Ho
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2019; 16(9): 1642. CrossRef
Stressors, coping resources and strategies, and police stress in South Korea
Merry Morash, Dae-Hoon Kwak, Vincent Hoffman, Chang Hun Lee, Sun Ho Cho, Byongook Moon
Journal of Criminal Justice.2008; 36(3): 231. CrossRef

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The Effects of Knowledge and Attitude about Noise on Hearing Conservation Behavior and Hearing Loss: Jung Wan Koo, Chung Yill Park, Chee Kyung Chung, Kang Sook Lee, Hyeon Woo Yim, Young Gyu Phee, Soon Young Oh, Wan Shik Ham; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998;10(4):476-483. Published online December 31, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1998.10.4.476

Abstract PDF

This study was conducted to investigate knowledge and attitude factor related to hearing conservation and to evaluate the effect of knowledge and attitude about noise on hearing conservation behavior and hearing loss among workers exposed to noise. We investigated the questionnaires of knowledge and attitude about noise and hearing conservation behavior and hearing loss among 355 study subjects from March, 1998 to June, 1998. The results were as follows; We extracted following 5 factors from 26 questionnaire items of knowledge and attitude about noise; knowledge of noise and concern to the control noise (factor 1), general perceived susceptibility (factor 2), relative perceived susceptibility compared with colleagues(factor 3), concern to the hearing protective devices(factor 4), concern to the hearing and noise assessment (factor 5). Knowledge and attitude factors affecting the hearing conservation behavior were general perceived susceptibility in the case of wearing hearing protective devices and knowledge of noise and concern to the control noise in the case of suggestion for hearing conservation. But, in the case of intentional avoiding noise exposure, concern to the hearing protective devices was a significant factor with concern to the hearing and noise assessment. Knowledge and attitude factors affecting hearing loss in 1 kHz were relative perceived susceptibility compared with colleagues and concern to the hearing protective devices, and in 4 KHz were relative perceived susceptibility compared with colleagues and general perceived susceptibility.

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Relationship between occupational injuries and the provision of safety and health information: data from the 4th Korean working conditions survey
Ju-il Seo, Gab-Sik Shin, Min Gi Kim, Young-Sun Min
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
The Research of Safety Effects by using a Hearing Protection(Ear Plug) in the Military
Sung Ho Hwang, Myo Kyoung Joo, Jae Bum Park
Journal of the Korean Society of Safety.2013; 28(4): 103. CrossRef
Predictors of Hearing Protection Behavior Among Power Plant Workers
Youngmi Kim, Ihnsook Jeong, Oi-Saeng Hong
Asian Nursing Research.2010; 4(1): 10. CrossRef

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Study on Perceived Occupational Psychosocial Stress and Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders among VDT Works: Yeong Su Ju, Ho Jang Kwon, Dong Gyu Kim, Jai Yong Kim, Nam Jong Baek, Hong Ryul Choi, In Keun Bae, Jong Man Park, Jong Du Kang, Soo Hun Cho; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998;10(4):463-475. Published online December 31, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1998.10.4.463

Abstract PDF

It has been hypothesized that jobs that have both high psychological demands and low decision latitude ('job strain") can lead to musculoskeletal disorder. The objective of this study was to test whether job strain was correlated with the presence of work-related musculoskeletal disorder, especially myofascial pain syndrome (MPS). Information on demographic factors, confounders such as household load and taking care of children or not, and scores for decision latitude, job demand, and social support was obtained by self-administered questionnaire, which had been developed in Korean language, by adopting NIOSH instrument and Extended Karasek Model (16 items). All subjects were also examined by rehabilitation medicine specialists for musculoskeletal disorders. Subjects (n=370) could be categorized into 4 groups, these were, housewives(n=89), shipyard CAD workers(n=89), general female workers(n=79; nurses, insurance counselors, public officials, clerks, etc), and telephone directory assistance operators(n=113). Results from univariate analyses indicated that all demographic factors, all confounders, scores for decision latitude and social support were not associated with the risk of musculoskeletal disorder. However, score for job demand was higher in musculoskeletal disorder cases than others. In subgroup analysis, this association was convinced again, in telephone directory assistance operators. Job strain model showed that the group of telephone directory assistance operators was high-strain group, and OR of musculoskeletal disorder was 2.446 (95% C.I. : 1.174, 5.096), when comparing this with the low strain group. In conclusion, job strain is a risk factor for work-related musculoskeletal disorder.

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A Study on the Work Ability and the Job Stress of the Workers in Manufacturing Industry of Automobile Parts
Yun-Soo Mok, Dong Won Lee, Seong Rok Chang
Journal of the Korean Society of Safety.2013; 28(3): 100. CrossRef
Related Factors to Musculoskeletal Discomfort Symptoms on Some Middle·High school Teachers
Jae-Yoon Lee, Byeong-Yeon Moon, Youn-Hong Jeong, Hyun-Kyung Woo
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2012; 13(1): 264. CrossRef
Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Its Related Factors among Male Workers in a Nonferrous Manufacturing Industry
Yeon-Ok Jeong, Young-Chae Cho
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2012; 13(8): 3552. CrossRef

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Clinical Process and Pulmonary Function of Workers Exposed to Dusts in Manufacturing Industries: Potential Biomarkers of Pneumoconiosis: Kyoung Ah Kim, Jung Wan Koo, Young Lim, Ji Hong Kim, Hwang Sin Chang, Byung Young Ahn, Young Man Park, Chee Kyung Chung; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998;10(4):450-462. Published online December 31, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1998.10.4.450

Abstract PDF: Alveolitis is believed to be a primary response after dust inhalation. Activated inflammatory cells by dust and their mediators are major participants in the evolution of pneumoconiosis. Therefore evaluation of degree of alveolitis is useful for assessing disease activity and estimating of prognosis in pneumoconiosis. This study focused on the workers with pneumoconiosis who are working and worked in manufacturing industries because the occupying fraction by them among total pneumoconioses patients in our country is increasing recently. In order to identify and validate biomarkers to early diagnosis and better predict for the suceptible workers, the release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha ), interleukine-8 (IL-8), platelet-derived growth factor-AA(PDGF-AA) and transforming growth factor-beta TGF beta ) from alveolar macrophages and blood monocytes, their concentration in BAL (bronchoalveolar lavage) fluid, pulmonary function test and Gallium index of lung were performed on 25 patients with pneumoconiosis who worked in manufactory industries. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. No significant differences were demonstrated between large opacity group and small opacity group, however pulmonary diffusing capacity in large opacity group was significantly lower than that in small opacity group. 2. (67)Gallium index was significantly correlated with increase of category in pnemoconiosis(r=0.83, p<0.05). 3. Numbers of total cells (r=0.583, p<0.05) and alveolar macrophages (r=0.499, p<0.05) in BAL were significantly correlated with the category of pneumoconiosis. 4. Spontaneous (r=0.474, p<0.05) and LPS (r=0.463, p<0.05) stimulated release of TNF alpha from macrophage, IL-8 (r=0.464, p<0.05) and TGF beta r=0.460, p<0.05) in BAL fluid were significantly correlated with category of pneumoconiosis. 5. Significantly positive correlation was demonstrated between spontaneous (r=0.443, p<0.05) and LPS (r=0.573, p<0.05) stimulated release of TNF alpha with the category of pneumoconiosis. 6. Release of TNF alpha from alveolar macrophages(r=0.61, p<0.05) and blood monocytes (r=0.48, p<0.05), IL-8 concentration in BAL fluid (r=0.52, p<0.05) and (67)Gallium index (r=0.53, p<0.05) were consider to sensitive biomarkers for alveolitis by dust.

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Occupational Lead Exposure of Storage Battery Industry Workers in Korea: Pil Kyu Kang, Yong Bae Kim, Ik Soo Ahn, Jong Kyu Lee, Ku Seok Han, Hwa Sung Kim, Kyu Yoon Hwang, Gap Soo Lee, Kyu Dong Ahn, Byung Kook Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998;10(4):438-449. Published online December 31, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1998.10.4.438

Abstract PDF

In order to investigate the level of lead absorption of lead workers and to evaluate the effect of blood lead on blood zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) and prevalence of lead related symptoms, 1,782 lead workers(male: 1,506, female: 276) from 8 storage battery industries were studied. Selected variables as indices of lead exposure were blood lead, blood ZPP, and hemoglobin (HB). Fifteen questionnaires of lead related symptoms were provided to all lead workers and filled up by themselves and confirmed by medical doctors. Personal variables such as age, work duration, smoking and drinking habits were also collected. The results were follows : 1. While the mean blood lead of lead workers of all lead companies was 31.0+/-3.0 ug/100ml (male: 31.5+/-2.9 ug/100ml, female: 27.9+/-3.3 ug/100m1), the mean blood ZPP of all lead workers was 66.7+/-4.1 ug/100ml (male: 59.6+/-3.3, female: 105.3+/-3.0 ug/100ml). The mean hemoglobin of male lead workers was 15.7+/-.3 gm/100ml and that of female lead workers was 13.0+/-.3 gm/100ml. 2. The percentage of lead workers whose blood lead was over 60.0 ug/100m1 and 40.0-59.9 ug/100ml was 2.81 % and 19.08 %, respectively. On the other hand, the percentage of lead workers whose blood ZPP was over 150 ug/100ml and 100-149 ug/100ml was 5.89 % and 8.31 %, respectively. 3. The slopes of simple linear regression of blood lead (independent variable) and blood ZPP in female lead workers was significantly steeper than that of male lead workers. The slope of storage battery industries with better working condition in terms of low air concentration of lead were less steeper than those with poor working condition with high mean air concentration of lead. 4. Stepwise multiple regression analysis, using overall symptom prevalence as a dependent variables, blood lead, blood ZPP, hemoglobin, age, work duration, drinking and smoking habits as independent variables, indicated that only drinking habit and age were significantly contributed to the dependent variable.

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Occupational Lead Exposure from Indoor Firing Ranges in Korea
Won-Ju Park, Suk-Ho Lee, Se-Ho Lee, Hye-Sik Yoon, Jai-Dong Moon
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2016; 31(4): 497. CrossRef
Blood lead levels of Korean lead workers in 2003–2011
Ji-Hye Kim, Eun-A Kim, Dong-Hee Koh, Kiwhan Byun, Hyang-Woo Ryu, Sang-Gil Lee
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2014;[Epub] CrossRef

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Sister Chromatid Exchanges in Workers Occupationally Exposed to Ethylene Oxide: Soung Hoon Chang, Won Jin Lee, Cheong Sik Kim, Cheong Hyun Hwang, Jong Tae Park, Dae Seong Kim, Young Whan Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998;10(4):428-437. Published online December 31, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1998.10.4.428

Abstract PDF

Operators of hospital sterilizers who use ethylene oxide (EtO) were studied to determine the exposure of EtO level and the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) from June 12 to July 20, 1997. To evaluate SCEs in the peripheral blood cells, we selected 22 workers at the central supply room of 4 university hospitals and 22 unexposed workers at the same hospitals according to match sex, age, and smoking habit and also did questionnaires. The mean air concentrations (8-hr TWA) of EtO at 4 university hospitals were less than 1 ppm. The SCE frequencies in exposed workers to EtO and controls were normally distributed. The SCE frequencies in exposed workers to EtO and controls were 6.42+/-.63, 5.86+/-.69, respectively and their differences were statistically significant (p=0.0093). But there were no statistically significant differences in smoking, alcohol intake, coffee drinking. Especially smokers who exposed to EtO were increased SCE statistically significant than the exposed group who did not smoke.

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Analysis of Micronuclei and Its Association with Genetic Polymorphisms in Hospital Workers Exposed to Ethylene Oxide
Sun-Yeong Lee, Yang-Jee Kim, Young-Joo Choi, Joong-Won Lee, Young-Hyun Lee, Mi-Yeon Shin, Won Kim, Chung-Sik Yoon, Sung-Kyoon Kim, Hai-Won Chung
Korean Journal of Environmental Health Sciences.2011; 37(6): 429. CrossRef

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Evaluation of Health Exams on Local Vibration Illness among Shipyard Workers: Yeong Su Ju, Hong Ryul Choi, Mi Kyung Kim, Hong Sohn, Sun Ja Jeon, Sung Il Cho, Hyong Sik Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998;10(4):413-427. Published online December 31, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1998.10.4.413

Abstract PDF

A hand-arm vibration syndrome, local vibration illness, occurs in some workers who use hand held vibration tools. It consists of white fingers, diffusely distributed finger neuropathy, pain in the hand and arm, and a small excess risk of osteoarthritis. This study is aimed to identify effective methods to confirm local vibration illness among various health exams, which are mentioned in worker's special health exam regulation. In addition, this study is aimed to quantitatively assess the daily vibration exposure level as a major determinant of vibration illness. The subjects, 46 vibration workers, were selected according to the results of the first special health exam about vibration hazards at shipbuilding industry in 1997. They all had experiences of work related blanching of fingers. Fifteen controls, who had no vibration exposure at all, were also recruited to compare their test results with the results of vibration workers. We adopted 1 subjective and 6 objective tests to evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility for confirming local vibration illness. These tests were history taking of subjective symptoms according to the Stockholm classification, checking blood pressure of finger, checking grasp power, checking finger skin temperature, nail-bed pressing test, vibration perceptional threshold test, and skin prick test for pain perception. Among these, checking skin temperature, nail-bed pressing test, and vibration perception test included cold water provocations. We also estimated some vibration exposure levels of hand held vibration tools by using previously published data from one automobile company. In conclusion, history taking of subjective symptoms according to the Stockholm classification, nail-bed pressing test, and vibration perceptional threshold test were discovered to be effective to diagnose local vibration illness. Furthermore, vibration perceptional threshold on right fingers showed a dose-response relationship to daily vibration exposure levels. The parameter beta was 0.0005(+/-0.0002), and statistically significant by REM (random effects model).

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Assessment on the Actual Vibration Exposure of Workers Engaging in Vibration Induced Works
Kab-Bae Kim, Eun-Kyo Chung, Ki-Ho You, Jae-Kil Jang
Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering.2012; 22(10): 940. CrossRef

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