Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Volume 12 (3); September 2000

Case Report

6 Cases of Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome in Grinding Workers Exposed to Hand-arm Vibration: Shang Hyuk Yim, Rokho Kim, Gil Seung Yang, Jung In Yang, Sang Sup Kim, Hyoung Joon Chun, Si Bog Park; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2000;12(3):421-429. Published online September 30, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2000.12.3.421

OBJECTIVES
To confirm the HAVS in workers exposed to hand-arm vibration with using the objective diagnostic methods METHODS: Several tests were used to help substantiate a clinical diagnosis of HAVS. Some other diseases were excluded by a medical interview, hematologic assessment, urinalysis, X-rays. The hand-arm vibration acceleration level of the grinder was evaluated for considering HAVS. Peripheral vascular changes were examined by a cold provocation test. An electromyography was implemented to ascertain the peripheral neural changes.
RESULTS
8 workers with symptoms in hands & fingers, exposed to hand-arm vibration were examined. Some other diseases(primary Raynauds disease, secondary Raynauds disease in not occupational origin) were excluded by a medical interview, hematologic assessment, urinalysis, X-rays. The hand-arm vibration acceleration level of the grinder was 7. 9 m/sec2. The recovery time of a skin temperature followed finger cooling was significantly prolonged in 6 workers with HAVS. The nerve conduction velocity was reduced in 6 workers with HAVS.
CONCLUSIONS
So we report 6 cases of HAVS in grinding workers exposed to hand-arm vibration diagnosed objectively by an exclusion of some other disease, handarm vibration acceleration level, cold provocation test, electromyography.

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Severity of grinder injuries and related factors compared with other high-rotation cutting tool injuries: a multicenter retrospective study from 2011 to 2018
Juni Song, Yang Bin Jeon, Jae Ho Jang, Jin Seong Cho, Jae Yeon Choi, Woo Sung Choi
Journal of Trauma and Injury.2023; 36(1): 32. CrossRef
The Health Effect of Hand Arm Transmitted Vibration
Jung-Wan Koo
Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea.2013; 32(4): 303. CrossRef
Occupational Diseases in Korea
Seong-Kyu Kang, Eun A Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S4. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Effects of Genetic Factor, Life Styles, and Diet on Urinary Hippuric Acid Excretion in Toluene Exposed Workers: Hyeon Woo Yim, Chung Yill Park, Young Man Roh, Kang Sook Lee, Jung Min Lee, Won Chul Lee, Se Hoon Lee, Chee Kyung Chung; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2000;12(3):405-420. Published online September 30, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2000.12.3.405

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The purpose was to investigate the distributions and the effects of genetic polymorphism of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2(ALDH2), cytochrome P450 1A1(CYP1A1), and cytochrome P450 2E1(CYP2E1) on the toluene metabolism.
METHODS
The subjects consisted of 160 workers who were exposed to toluene in different industries such as paint manufacturing, painting on steel and wood products, printing, bonding, and coating. The exposed toluene level was monitored by passive air sampler, and the questionnaire variables were age, sex, smoking, drinking, previous nights drinking, use of personal protective equipment, work duration, and taking benzoic acid containing food. The urinary hippurric acid collected in the end of shift was corrected by urinary creatinine concentration. The genotypes of ALDH2, CYP1A1, and CYP2E1 were investigated using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) methods with DNA extracted from venous blood.
RESULTS
The geometric mean and the geometric standard deviation of urinary hippuric acid concentration were 0. 44 g/g creatinine and 2. 80. The urinary hippuric acid concentration was significantly related to personal exposed toluene level among personal exposed toluene level, use of personal protective equipment, and benzoic acid containing food diet. The slope differences of the regression for ALDH2, CYP1A1, and CYP2El genetic polymorphism, age, smoking, and work duration tended to be significant. In multiple regression analysis, the regression coefficient of toluene, ALDH2, CYP1A1, CYP2E1 genetic polymorphism were significant.
CONCLUSIONS
Prom the above results, urinary hippuric acid level after toluene exposure was significantly affected by the genetic polymorphism of ALDH2, CYP1A1, CYP2E1. It is needed further investigation of the urinary hippuric acid level considering the effect of genetic polymorphism.

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Applications of CYP-450 expression for biomonitoring in environmental health
Ho-Sun Lee, Mihi Yang
Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine.2008; 13(2): 84. CrossRef
Past and Future Applications of CYP450-Genetic Polymorphisms for Biomonitoring of Environmental Toxicants
Bitna Yi, Ji-Yeon Yang, Mihi Yang
Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C.2007; 25(4): 353. CrossRef

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Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders of Hairdresser: Soo Kyung Park, Young Jin Choi, Doeg Hwan Moon, Jin Ho Chun, Jong Tae Lee, Hae Sook Sohn; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2000;12(3):395-404. Published online September 30, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2000.12.3.395

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
To determine the prevalence and related factors of work related musculoskeletal symptoms in hairdressers.
METHODS
Informations on general characteristics, job strain, and musculoskeletal symptoms were obtained by a self-administered questionnaire, through adopting NIOSH instrument and JCQ(Job content questionnaire), from 267 hairdressers, between March and May, 2000.
RESULTS
The symptom prevalence by NIOSH surveillance criteria in total was high as 94.4%; shoulder (61.0%), neck (59.9%), low back (53.2%), hand and wrist (41.6%), etc. In multiple logistic regression, significant factors affecting the symptoms by body region; job insecurity on neck' gender, alcohol, decision latitude on low back; alcohol on hand and wrist; smoking on thigh and knee,' smoking, decision latitude on ankle and foot; job insecurity on upper back.
CONCLUSIONS
Musculoskeletal symptoms of hairdresser were highly prevalent, and associated with job strain and their health habits. This is a basic data of work related musculoskeletal disorders among hairdressers who are not the subjects of occupational health service at the present time in Korea.

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Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Symptoms Among Korean Broadcast Actors
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Annals of Global Health.2015; 81(4): 475. CrossRef
Musculoskeletal Disorder Symptoms and Its Related Factors among Male Workers in Manufacturing Industries
Seung-Hyun Lee, Young-Chae Cho
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(10): 6627. CrossRef
Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Symptoms Among Korean Radiation Workers
Jae-Hwan Cho, Moo-Seong Cho, Jae-Ouk Ahn
Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health.2015; 70(3): 160. CrossRef
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Hak Young Rhee, Jae Hwan Cho, Jong Min Seok, Taek Sang Cho, Woo Jin Jeon, Jin Gu Lee, Sung Kyu Kim
Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health.2015; 70(4): 177. CrossRef
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So-Young Lee, Hyo-Jin Ko, Byeng-Chul Yu
Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene.2012; 12(5): 897. CrossRef
Leg Length Inequality, Habitual Posture, and Pain in Women's College Students
Sung-Bok Kwon, Yeo-Jin Yi, Hye-Ja Han, Kyung-Sook Cho, Nan-Young Lim, Eun-Hee Lee, Haeng-Mi Son, Young-Sook Park, Joo-Hyun Kim, Hyun-Sook Kang
Journal of muscle and joint health.2012; 19(1): 27. CrossRef
Musculoskeletal Disorder Symptoms and Related Factors among Male Workers in Small-scale Manufacturing Industries
Seung-Hyun Lee, Ju-Yeon Lee, Young-Chae Cho
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2012; 13(9): 4025. CrossRef
Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Its Related Factors among Male Workers in a Nonferrous Manufacturing Industry
Yeon-Ok Jeong, Young-Chae Cho
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2012; 13(8): 3552. CrossRef
Risk Factors of Work-related Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Disorders in Male Shipyard Workers: Structural Equation Model Analysis
Byung-Chan Park, Hae-Kwan Cheong, Eun-A Kim, Soo Geun Kim
Safety and Health at Work.2010; 1(2): 124. CrossRef
Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Firefighters
Seong-Kyu Kang, Wook Kim
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2008; 51(12): 1111. CrossRef
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Derek Richard Smith, Jae-wook Choi, Myung Ki, Jae-young Kim, Zentaro Yamagata
Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine.2003; 8(1): 23. CrossRef

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The Serum Copper and Zinc Concentration according to the Progression of Pneumoconiosis: Jung Rae Park, Jong Wook Park, Su Ill Lee, Cheol Ho Yi, Cha Jae O, Chang Won Kim, Byung Mann Cho, Don Kyoun Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2000;12(3):384-394. Published online September 30, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2000.12.3.384

Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
Copper and Zinc, the trace elements of a living body, take a part in immunologic mechanism and induce the pulmonary fibrosis which is the pathologic progress of pneumoconiosis. This study was performed to assist the identification of the pathologic process of pulmonary fibrosis in pneumoconiosis.
METHODS
The subjects of this study was 200 diagnosed persons as pneumoconiosis, of whom 100 persons was the visitors in the outpatients departments of pneumoconiosis and 100 admissive pneumoconiosis patients. The serum copper and zinc are measured and com pared.
RESULTS
The mean serum copper concentration of visitor group was significantly higher than that of control group, and that of stage V3 subgroup of visitor group was highest because of their advanced fibrosis. But, there was not the difference of serum copper concentration between patient and control group. We thought that the reason was poor nutritional and health status of the patient. The mean of serum zinc concentration of visitor and patient control was lower than that of control group. As the degree of pulmonary fibrosis was more severe from stage Vl, V2, V3 of visitor to stage Pl, P2, P3 of patient, the mean of serum zinc concentration was lower. The ratio of serum copper/zinc of visitor and patient was higher than that of control, and that of patient was higher than that of visitor. Those results showed that the ratio of serum copper/zinc ratio more greatly expressed the degree of progression of pneumoconiosis than only copper or zinc concentration by adjustment of nutritional and health status of the patient.
CONCLUSIONS
As above study results, the degree of pulmonary fibrosis of pneumoconiosis could be estimated by means of serum copper/zinc ratio.

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Evaluation of Early Neurologic Abnormalities on the Workers Exposed to Acrylamide: Seong Soon Kim, Hae Kwan Cheong, Yong Wook Kwon; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2000;12(3):367-383. Published online September 30, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2000.12.3.367

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
Acrylamide is a neurotoxin inducing central-peripheral distal axonopathy. The authors evaluated several neurologic tests to screen the early effect of occupational acrylamide exposure.
METHODS
Fifty-two males working either in the production of acrylamide monomer or in the handling of acrylamide in Ulsan, Korea, were selected and subcategorized into the high-exposure group (n=10, mean age of 30. 4 years) and the low-exposure group (n=42, mean age of 28.9 years). Twenty-three males (mean age 29.4 years) from medical professionals and students were chosen as a non-exposed reference group. Symptom questionnaire, neurologic examination, electrodiagnostic test, vibrotactile threshold test, and Lanthony desaturated 15 panel test (LD-15D) were done.
RESULTS
The high-exposure group showed more number of specific symptoms on questionnaire and more abnormal two point discrimination test. High-exposure group showed a significant difference in the median motor conduction velocity, peroneal nerve motor latency, sensory amplitude of median nerve action potential, and sensory latency of sural nerve. The vibrotactile threshold of the high-exposure group was significantly higher in both hands and feet than that of the low-exposure group and the reference group. Average color confusion index on the LD-15D was significantly higher in the high-exposure group (median 22.7, range 0-135.7) than in the reference group (median 2.4, range 0-33.2).
CONCLUSIONS
The symptom questionnaire, vibrotactile threshold test, and color discrimination test are sensitive in detection of the early acrylamide-induced neuropathy, and the combination of these tests would further facilitate the effectiveness of the screening.

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Usefulness of Color Vision Test for Early Detection of Neurological Damages by Neurotoxic Substances
Eun-Hee Lee, Kyungho Choi, Hong Jae Chae, Domyung Paek
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2008; 41(6): 397. CrossRef

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The Relationship between Health Value Cognition, Health Promotion Behavior and Health Examination Results Among Transit Corporation's Workers: Sun Joo Lee, Chung Yill Park, Hyun Woo Yim, Young Man Roh, Chee Kyung Chung; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2000;12(3):356-366. Published online September 30, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2000.12.3.356

Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to compare health value cognition and health promotion behavior compliance between healthy group and not being healthy group, and to evaluate the difference of health promotion behaviors compliance between high group and low group in health value cognition.
METHODS
The subjects of this study were 565 workers, 233 healthy workers, 172 observation cases and 160 disease cases, selected from 4,919 transit coporations workers.
RESULTS
In health promoting behavior compliance, not being healthy group showed lower level than healthy group in exercise and showed higher level than healthy group in interpersonal support significantly. A worker who replied on health as the most value in life was consisted in 37.3% of healthy group and 36. 1% of not being healthy group, Health value cognition according to general characteristics showed no significant difference except only variable of age in healthy group. Health promoting behavior compliance according to cognition of health value showed in healthy group that a high level group of health value cognition was more significant difference than a low level group in self actualization and health responsibility of health promoting behavior and didn't show difference significantly in not being healthy group.
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, the relationship between health value cognition, health promotion behavior compliance and periodic health examination results showed weakly. Therefore, in order to develop and apply spontaneous health promotion program, it was considered that should emphasize compliance than cognition.

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Reference Values of Cadmium in Kidney and Liver in Korean: Jung Duck Park, Byung Sun Choi, Il Hoon Kweon, Yeon Pyo Hong, Im Won Chang; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2000;12(3):346-355. Published online September 30, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2000.12.3.346

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
Cadmium (Cd), a toxic and non-essential metal, is recognized as a human carcinogen, which has a tendency to accumulate in the human body. The levels of Cd in renal cortex and liver are good indicators as an index of Cd exposure in the general population. In this study, we present an estimation of reference Cd levels in tissue (renal cortex and liver) and total body burden in the general population of Korea. MEDTHODS: Cd and zinc (Zn) were analyzed in renal cortex and liver from 254 autopsies (male : 188 cases, female : 66 cases) aged 0 to 87 years.
RESULTS
Geometric mean concentration of Cd was 27.4 and 3.1 ua/g wet weight in renal cortex and liver, respectively. The level of Zn in renal cortex and liver was 35.4 and 42. 6 v/g wet weight, respectively. The result suggests that kidney is the target organ for Cd accumulation. The accumulation of Cd in renal cortex was age-dependent with a biphasic pattern. The level of Cd in renal cortex increased with age up to the fifties, and then leveled off thereafter. Based on the data, the regression model for Cd accumulation in renal cortex by age is predicted by : Log KCd = 0. 2325 + 0. 0553 Age 0. 0005 Age. The highest Cd accumulation in renal cortex of Koreans was estimated at 43. 3 ua/g wet weight at 50. 8 years old. In addition, the total Cd body burden by age was estimated by the following equation: Total Cd Body Burden = -4. 5948 + l. 2278 Age - 0. 0121 Age. The highest body burden of Cd was estimated at 26. 5 mg at age 50. 7 years in the Korean general population. The positive correlation between Zn and Cd was observed in renal cortex and liver.
CONCLUSIONS
The level of Cd exposure in Korean was found to be lower than in Japanese, but same as or higher than in American and Europeans.

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Effects of Environmental Cadmium Exposure on the Liver in Korean Adults: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Studies
Mi-Na Seo, Sang-Yong Eom, Ji-Ae Lim, Jung-Eum Lee, Byung-Sun Choi, Ho-Jang Kwon, Young-Seoub Hong, Heon Kim, Jung-Duck Park
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology.2023; 84(2): 237. CrossRef
Association of Blood Heavy Metal Levels and Renal Function in Korean Adults
Yoonjin Park, Su-Jung Lee
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(11): 6646. CrossRef

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A Study of Relationship between Exposure to Manganese Chloride and Malondialdehyde in Rat Tissues: Chul Jin Moon, Soo Jin Lee, Se Hoon Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2000;12(3):338-345. Published online September 30, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2000.12.3.338

Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
This research was intended to investigate the relationship between manganese and malodndialdehyde concentration in tissues of rats exposed to maganese chloride.
METHODS
The study groups were 12 manganese treated rats and 9 control rats. Manganese treated rats were given intraperitoneally manganese chloride (Mn, 4 mg/kg) daily for a period of 30 days except Sunday. Control rats were injected 1ml of saline. The plasma manganese concentrations of rats were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The tissue manganese concentration was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Malondialdehyde, the product of lipid peroxidation was determined by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry. The plasma malondialdehyde was determined by gas chromatography with mass-detector. Protein concentration was quantified by ultraviolet-visible spectrometry and was used for the compensation of tissue malondialdehyde and manganese concentration.
RESULTS
Manganese concentrations of plasma, brain, liver, and pancreas were very significantly higher in the manganese-treated rats than in the control rats. Malondialdehyde concentration of plasma, brain, and pacrease were significantly higher in the manganese-treated rats than in the control rats. The concentration of malondialdehyde was correlated with manganese levels in plasma, brain and pancreas.
Conclusion
Based on the results obtained as above, it was concluded that the malondialdehyde, product of lipid peroxidation was related to the cell death due to dosing excess manganese.

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Assessment of Neurobehavioral Performance among Welders Exposed to Manganese: Nak Jung Sung, Joon Sakong, Jong Hak Chung, Dae Seong Kim, Joong Jung Lee, Jong Tae Park; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2000;12(3):327-337. Published online September 30, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2000.12.3.327

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
A cross sectional study was carried out in the welders exposed to manganese and control group. The aim of this study was to assess the adverse effects of manganese on central nervous system of welders.
METHODS
The study group consisted of 49 welders and the reference group, 49 workers matched with welders for age and educational level in automobile manufacturing company. Concentration of manganese in welding hume, in blood, and cumulative exposure index(CEI) were determined for each subject. For each group, computerized neurobehavioral test including Simple Reaction Time, Digit Symbol, Digit Span, and Finger Tapping Speed of Swedish Performance Evaluation System were applied.
RESULTS
Exposure level of manganese in welders were very low(mean CEI 0.069). Welders exposed to manganese had slower response speed, slower motor steadiness, and shorter memory span than control group. But these differences were not statistically significant. The performance of Finger Tapping Speed tended to lower as environmental and biological exposure index got higher. Other neurobehavioral tests were found to have a little association with the exposure indices.
CONCLUSIONS
There was no significant difference of neurobehavioral performance between welders and control group. This study indicates that Finger Tapping Speed measuring motor steadiness might be a one of useful tests for early detection of adverse effects of welding on central nervous system.

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Effects of computer familiarity and computer type on the performance of Korean computerized neurobehavioral test
Nak Joon Baek, Gun Il Park, Young Seok Byun, Man Joong Jeon, Joon Sakong
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
A Study on the Total, Particle Size-Selective Mass Concentration of Airborne Manganese, and Blood Manganese Concentration of Welders in a Shipbuilding Yard
Jong Su Park, Pan Gyi Kim, Jee Yeon Jeong
Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.2015; 25(4): 472. CrossRef
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Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S87. CrossRef
Neurobehavioral Changes of Shipyard Painters Exposed to Mixed Organic Solvents
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INDUSTRIAL HEALTH.2005; 43(2): 320. CrossRef

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Mitochondrial DNA A3243G mutation in noise-induced sensorineural hearing loss: Dong Hoon Shin, Won Ki Baek, In Sung Chung; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2000;12(3):319-326. Published online September 30, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2000.12.3.319

Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
A different sequence change, in the mitochondrial tRNA gene, has been proposed as a candidate mutation in the sensorineurnal hearing loss. The purpose of current study is to identify the association between the noise-induced sensorineurnal hearing loss and the A to G mutation at nucleotide 3243 of mitochondrial DNA.
METHODS
Subjects were established by history and chart review, and audiological and clinical data were obtained. Blood was sampled from 101 controls, 50 noise-induced hearing loss, and 12 sensorineural deafness. The DNA of these individuals was extracted, and mitochondrial genome was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction. Subsequently, the coding sequence of mitochondrial genome was sequenced, and compared to the normal sequence, and all sequence variations were analyzed by restriction endonuclease ApaI.
RESULTS
Mitochondrial DNA mutation (3243A->G) was not detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in any patients with noise-induced hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss, and normal control without hearing loss in Koreans. The DNA sequencing of PCR products did not revealed an A to G substitution at nucleotide 3243 of mitochondrial DNA.
CONCLUSIONS
The noise-induced sensorineural hearing loss was not associated with mitochondrial DNA mutation (3243A->G)

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