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Volume 27; 2015
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Review
Review of carcinogenicity of asbestos and proposal of approval standards of an occupational cancer caused by asbestos in Korea
Sanghyuk Im, Kan-woo Youn, Donghee Shin, Myeoung-jun Lee, Sang-Jun Choi
Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:34.   Published online December 30, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0080-1
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

Carcinogenicity of asbestos has been well established for decades and it has similar approval standards in most advanced countries based on a number of studies and international meetings. However, Korea has been lagging behind such international standards. In this study, we proposed the approval standards of an occupational cancer due to asbestos through intensive review on the Helsinki Criteria, post-Helsinki studies, job exposure matrix (JEM) based on the analysis of domestic reports and recognized occupational lung cancer cases in Korea. The main contents of proposed approval standards are as follows; ① In recognizing an asbestos-induced lung cancer, diagnosis of asbestosis should be based on CT. In addition, initial findings of asbestosis on CT should be considered. ② High Exposure industries and occupations to asbestos should be also taken into account in Korea ③ An expert’s determination is warranted in case of a worker who has been concurrently exposed to other carcinogens, even if the asbestos exposure duration is less than 10 years. ④ Determination of a larynx cancer due to asbestos exposure has the same approval standards with an asbestos-induced lung cancer. However, for an ovarian cancer, an expert’s judgment is necessary even if asbestosis, pleural plaque or pleural thickening and high concentration asbestos exposure are confirmed. ⑤ Cigarette smoking status or the extent should not affect determination of an occupational cancer caused by asbestos as smoking and asbestos have a synergistic effect in causing a lung cancer and they are involved in carcinogenesis in a complicated manner.


Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Assessing trends and burden of occupational exposure to asbestos in the United States: a comprehensive analysis from 1990 to 2019
    Xujun Li, Xin Su, Li Wei, Junhang Zhang, Donglei Shi, Zhaojun Wang
    BMC Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A case of laryngeal cancer induced by exposure to asbestos in a construction site supervisor
    Sooyong Roh, Soyong Park, Gyeong Tae, Jaechul Song
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2016;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Research Articles
Relationship between housing characteristics, lifestyle factors and phthalates exposure: the first Korean National Environmental Health Survey (2009–2011)
Kyungyong Jung, Hyounho Oh, Ji Young Ryu, Dae Hwan Kim, Sangyoon Lee, Byung-Chul Son, Chae-Kwan Lee
Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:33.   Published online December 23, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0078-8
PDFPubReaderePub

Citations

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  • Effects of indoor environments and outdoor air pollutants in residential areas on acute exacerbation in patients with severe asthma
    Byung-Keun Kim, Hwan-Cheol Kim, Dong-Wook Lee, Young-Hee Nam, Da Woon Sim, Youngsoo Lee, Ji-Su Shim, Min-Suk Yang, Min-Hye Kim, So Ri Kim, Sang-Heon Kim, Young-Il Koh, Heung-Woo Park
    International Journal of Environmental Health Research.2024; : 1.     CrossRef
  • Effect of aqueous garlic ( Allium sativum ) extract against di‐(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate induced reproductive toxicity in male mice
    Fatima Iram, Sajida Batool, Sitara Shameem, Iqra Aslam, Saira Batool, Marrium Shaheen, Riqza Aziz
    Andrologia.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Comparing Levels of Urinary Phthalate Metabolites in Egyptian Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders and Healthy Control Children: Referring to Sources of Phthalate Exposure
    Manal Shehata, Ebtissam Salah, Mai M. Youssef, Mones Mahmoud Abu Shady, Inas El-Alameey, Engy Ashaat, Amr S. Gouda, Walaa Nazim
    Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences.2021; 9(B): 1640.     CrossRef
  • Early life exposure to phthalates in the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) study: a multi-city birth cohort
    Garthika Navaranjan, Tim K. Takaro, Amanda J. Wheeler, Miriam L. Diamond, Huan Shu, Meghan B. Azad, Allan B. Becker, Ruixue Dai, Shelley A. Harris, Diana L. Lefebvre, Zihang Lu, Piush J. Mandhane, Kathleen McLean, Theo J. Moraes, James A. Scott, Stuart E.
    Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology.2020; 30(1): 70.     CrossRef
  • Distribution and Dietary Predictors of Urinary Phthalate Metabolites among Pregnant Women in Shanghai, China
    Xin He, Jiajie Zang, Ping Liao, Yang Zheng, Ye Lu, Zhenni Zhu, Yan Shi, Wenjing Wang
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2019; 16(8): 1366.     CrossRef
  • Associations of urinary phthalate metabolites with residential characteristics, lifestyles, and dietary habits among young children in Shanghai, China
    Chenxi Liao, Wei Liu, Jialing Zhang, Wenming Shi, Xueying Wang, Jiao Cai, Zhijun Zou, Rongchun Lu, Chanjuan Sun, Heng Wang, Chen Huang, Zhuohui Zhao
    Science of The Total Environment.2018; 616-617: 1288.     CrossRef
  • Urine Metabolites of Phthalate Esters in 434 Shanghai Children and Their Associations with Ventilation Habits
    Chenxi Liao, Wei Liu, Jialing Zhang, Wenming Shi, Xueying Wang, Jiao Cai, Zhijun Zou, Rongchun Lu, Chanjuan Sun, Heng Wang, Chen Huang, Zhuohui Zhao
    Procedia Engineering.2017; 205: 1146.     CrossRef
  • Diversity and abundance of human‐pathogenic fungi associated with pigeon faeces in urban environments
    Won Dong Lee, Jonathan J. Fong, John A. Eimes, Young Woon Lim
    Molecular Ecology.2017; 26(17): 4574.     CrossRef
  • Associations between Dietary Intake and Urinary Bisphenol A and Phthalates Levels in Korean Women of Reproductive Age
    Ara Jo, Hyesook Kim, Hyewon Chung, Namsoo Chang
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2016; 13(7): 680.     CrossRef
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Association between shift work and obesity according to body fat percentage in Korean wage workers: data from the fourth and the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES 2008–2011)
ManKi Son, Byeong Jin Ye, Jung-Il Kim, ShinUk Kang, Kap-Yeol Jung
Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:32.   Published online December 23, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0082-z
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

Health problems in shift workers vary including obesity acting as a risk factor in cerebrovascular diseases. Recent studies have commonly determined the prevalence of obesity in shift workers on the basis of body mass index. The accuracy of BMI for diagnosing obesity are still limited apparently. Consequently, this study aimed to determine the relationship between shift work and obesity according to the total body fat percentage in Korean wage workers.

Methods

From the Fourth and the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2008–2011), after military personnel were excluded, a total of 2952 wage workers (20 ≤ age ≤ 65) whose current jobs were their longest jobs were selected as subjects of the study. The total body fat percentage was used to determine the obesity standards (≥25.7 % in males and ≥36.0 % in females). The subjects were divided into groups by gender and work type (manual vs non-manual), and chi-squared test was used to evaluate the relationship between socio-economic, health behavior, and work-related factors, on the one hand, and obesity, on the other. In addition, multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the effects of shift work on obesity.

Results

When other factors were controlled for, the risk of obesity in shift work showed a statistically significant increase (odds ratio = 1.779, 95 % confidence interval = 1.050-3.015) in the male manual worker group. However, there were no significant results in the male non-manual and female worker groups.

Conclusion

Shift work was related to a higher risk of obesity in the Korean male manual worker group.


Citations

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  • The effect of shift work on body mass index: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies
    Karolina Łagowska, Agnieszka Kuleta‐Koberska, Michał Michalak, Joanna Bajerska
    American Journal of Human Biology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Sora Han, Sungjae Shin, Onyoo Kim, Namki Hong
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(5): 578.     CrossRef
  • Prediction of risk of coronary artery disease based on the Framingham risk score in association with shift work among nurses
    Farhad Solymanzadeh, Dariush Rokhafroz, Marziyeh Asadizaker, Maryam Dastoorpoor
    International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics.2023; 29(1): 56.     CrossRef
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    Kevin L. Smith, Alexandria B. Danyluk, Sanah S. Munir, Naima Covassin
    Current Diabetes Reports.2022; 22(8): 341.     CrossRef
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    Piumika Sooriyaarachchi, Ranil Jayawardena, Toby Pavey, Neil A. King
    Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine.2022; 64(11): e757.     CrossRef
  • Association of Shift Work with Normal-Weight Obesity in Community-Dwelling Adults
    Chul Woo Ahn, Sungjae Shin, Seunghyun Lee, Hye-Sun Park, Namki Hong, Yumie Rhee
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(5): 781.     CrossRef
  • Sleep quality does not mediate the negative effects of chronodisruption on body composition and metabolic syndrome in healthcare workers in Ecuador
    Tannia Valeria Carpio Arias, Diana Carolina Mogrovejo Arias, Tomas Marcelo Nicolalde Cifuentes, Estephany Carolina Tapia Veloz, Chris I. De Zeeuw, María Fernanda Vinueza Veloz
    Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews.2021; 15(1): 397.     CrossRef
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    Meagan E. CROWTHER, Amy C. REYNOLDS, Sally A. FERGUSON, Robert ADAMS
    Industrial Health.2020; 58(1): 54.     CrossRef
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    G.M. Ferri, D. Cavone, G. Intranuovo, L. Macinagrossa
    Current Medicinal Chemistry.2019; 26(19): 3521.     CrossRef
  • Sex differences in the circadian misalignment effects on energy regulation
    Jingyi Qian, Christopher J. Morris, Rosanna Caputo, Wei Wang, Marta Garaulet, Frank A. J. L. Scheer
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.2019; 116(47): 23806.     CrossRef
  • Association between shift work and obesity in a large sample of Iranian steel industry workers
    Najmeh Rabanipour, Hamidreza Roohafza, Awat Feizi, Shahnaz Amani Tirani, Nizal Sarrafzadegan
    Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology.2019; 70(3): 194.     CrossRef
  • Effect of night shift work on the control of hypertension and diabetes in workers taking medication
    Juha Park, Sang-Yeop Shin, Yangwon Kang, Jeongbae Rhie
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Moderating Effect of Shift Work on Lipid Pathway: An Application of Multi-Group Path Analysis Model
    Shokofeh Maleki, Mohammad Gholami Fesharaki, Mohsen Rowzati
    Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Qiaoyan Liu, Jun Shi, Peng Duan, Bing Liu, Tongfei Li, Chao Wang, Hui Li, Tingting Yang, Yong Gan, Xiaojun Wang, Shiyi Cao, Zuxun Lu
    International Journal of Epidemiology.2018; 47(6): 1956.     CrossRef
  • The Impact of Obesity in the Workplace: a Review of Contributing Factors, Consequences and Potential Solutions
    Nipun Shrestha, Zeljko Pedisic, Sarah Neil-Sztramko, Katriina T. Kukkonen-Harjula, Veerle Hermans
    Current Obesity Reports.2016; 5(3): 344.     CrossRef
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The relationship between quality of sleep and night shift rotation interval
Jae Youn Kim, Chang Ho Chae, Young Ouk Kim, Jun Seok Son, Ja Hyun Kim, Chan Woo Kim, Hyoung Ouk Park, Jun Ho Lee, Sun Il Kwon
Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:31.   Published online December 17, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0084-x
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

Shift work is closely related with workers' health. In particular, sleep is thought to be affected by shift work. In addition, shift work has been reported to be associated with the type or direction of shift rotation, number of consecutive night shifts, and number of off-duty days. We aimed to analyze the association between the night shift rotation interval and the quality of sleep reported by Korean female shift workers.

Methods

In total, 2,818 female shift workers from the manufacturing industry who received an employee physical examination at a single university hospital from January to August in 2014 were included. Subjects were classified into three groups (A, B, and C) by their night shift rotation interval. The quality of sleep was measured using the Korean version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Descriptive analysis, univariate logistic regression, and multivariate logistic regression were performed.

Results

With group A as the reference, the odds ratio (OR) for having a seriously low quality of sleep was 1.456 (95% CI 1.171–1.811) and 2.348 (95% CI 1.852–2.977) for groups B and C, respectively. Thus, group C with the shortest night shift rotation interval was most likely to have a low quality of sleep. After adjustment for age, obesity, smoking status, alcohol consumption, exercise, being allowed to sleep during night shifts, work experience, and shift work experience, groups B and C had ORs of 1.419 (95% CI 1.134–1.777) and 2.238 (95% CI 1.737–2.882), respectively, compared to group A.

Conclusion

Our data suggest that a shorter night shift rotation interval does not provide enough recovery time to adjust the circadian rhythm, resulting in a low quality of sleep. Because shift work is influenced by many different factors, future studies should aim to determine the most optimal shift work model and collect accurate, prospective data.


Citations

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    Qiao Huang, Chong Tian, Xian-Tao Zeng
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  • Erratum to: The relationship between quality of sleep and night shift rotation interval
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Review
Evaluation and management of lead exposure
Hwan-Cheol Kim, Tae-Won Jang, Hong-Jae Chae, Won-Jun Choi, Mi-Na Ha, Byeong-Jin Ye, Byoung-Gwon Kim, Man-Joong Jeon, Se-Yeong Kim, Young-Seoub Hong
Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:30.   Published online December 15, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0085-9
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

Lead, which is widely used in industry, is a common element found in low concentrations in the Earth’s crust. Implementations to reduce environmental lead concentrations have resulted in a considerable reduction of lead levels in the environment (air) and a sustained reduction in the blood lead levels of the average citizen. However, people are still being exposed to lead through a variety of routes in everyday commodities.

Lead causes health problems such as toxicity of the liver, kidneys, hematopoietic system, and nervous system. Having a carcinogenic risk as well, the IARC classifies inorganic lead compounds as probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A). Occupational lead poisonings have decreased due to the efforts to reduce the lead concentrations in the working environment. In contrast, health hazards associated with long-term environmental exposure to low concentrations of lead have been reported steadily. In particular, chronic exposure to low concentrations of lead has been reported to induce cognitive behavioral disturbances in children.

It is almost impossible to remove lead completely from the human body, and it is not easy to treat health hazards due to lead exposure. Therefore, reduction and prevention of lead exposure are very important. We reviewed the toxicity and health hazards, monitoring and evaluation, and management of lead exposure.


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Research Articles
The association between shift work and depression in hotel workers
Hyun Jey Moon, Sang Hyun Lee, Hee Sung Lee, Kyung-Jae Lee, Joo Ja Kim
Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:29.   Published online December 12, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0081-0
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

Shift work is vital in hotel businesses as these businesses run 24 h daily regardless of holidays to accommodate customers. The number of shift workers in hotel businesses is expected to increase consistently and it is crucial to study the impact of shift work on hotel workers’ mental health. This study, therefore, aims to examine the association between depression and shift work in hotel workers. It especially focuses on investigating whether there is a difference in how closely these two are related depending on shift types.

Methods

A survey was conducted with 768 hotel workers who worked at two first-class hotels in Seoul. Out of 659 respondents total (response rate of 85.8 %), 506 respondents were selected as the final research subjects, excluding 153 respondents whose responses were incomplete. The survey was composed of questionnaires related to general characteristics, work-related characteristics, shift work, shift type, and depression level. The Korean Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale was used to evaluate the subjects’ depression level. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted with depression as a dependent variable and shift type as an independent variable after relevant general and work-related characteristics were adjusted to examine the relationship between shift type and depression.

Results

After adjustment for relevant general and work-related characteristics, hotel workers had a significantly higher likelihood of belonging to the depression group than those with a fixed day shift, across all three shift types: rotating day shift (OR = 2.22, 95 % CI = 1.05–4.61), rotating night shift (OR = 2.63, 95 % CI = 1.11–6.24), and fixed night shift (OR = 3.46, 95 % CI = 1.02–11.74).

Conclusions

The results showed that shift work was significantly related to depression in hotel workers and the risk of depression clearly differed among shift types. In particular, fixed night shift workers were most vulnerable to depression. Rotating day shift workers without night work could also have a higher risk of depression.


Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
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Association between serum vitamin D and depressive symptoms among female workers in the manufacturing industry
Soon Il Kwon, Jun Seok Son, Young Ouk Kim, Chang Ho Chae, Ja Hyun Kim, Chan Woo Kim, Hyoung Ouk Park, Jun Ho Lee, Jun Ick Jung
Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:28.   Published online December 12, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0083-y
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

Vitamin D has been known to maintain the body’s balance of calcium and phosphorus as well as skeletal health. There has been increasing emphasis on the importance of vitamin D as recent studies have been reporting the specific functions of vitamin D in the cerebral nervous system and the association between the level of serum vitamin D and depressive symptoms. However, there is currently a paucity of research investigating the association between serum vitamin D and depressive symptoms in Korean subjects. Consequently, this study has aimed to determine the level of serum vitamin D and explore the association between serum vitamin D and depressive symptoms in Korean female workers.

Method

A medical examination, questionnaire, anthropometric measurements, and a blood test were conducted between February 3 and March 7, 2014 in 1054 subjects among female workers in the manufacturing industry who underwent physical examinations in a university hospital. From this data, we identified the level of serum vitamin D and investigated the association between serum vitamin D deficiency and depressive symptoms.

Results

The average serum vitamin D level of the 1054 subjects was 9.07 ± 3.25 ng/mL, and the number of subjects in the serum vitamin D deficiency group with less than 10 ng/mL was 721 (68.4 %). The odds ratio of the depressive symptom group with a CES-D score of 16 or above being in the deficiency group with a serum vitamin D level less than 10 ng/mL was found to be 1.55 (95 % CI = 1.15–2.07).

Conclusion

68.4 % of female workers in the manufacturing industry were in the deficiency group with serum vitamin D levels less than 10 ng/mL. Additionally, we identified an association between serum vitamin D deficiency and depressive symptoms. In the future, if serum vitamin D deficiency is checked regularly in workers, we expect to achieve better outcomes in managing their depressive symptoms.


Citations

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  • Vitamin D and Metabolic Syndrome in Working Age Subjects from an Obesity Clinic
    Luisella Vigna, Michela Carola Speciani, Amedea Silvia Tirelli, Francesca Bravi, Carlo La Vecchia, Caterina Conte, Francesca Gori
    Nutrients.2023; 15(20): 4354.     CrossRef
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    Francesca Ubaldi, Enrico Montanari, Lory Marika Margarucci, Claudio Caprara, Gianluca Gianfranceschi, Elena Scaramucci, Antonio Piccolella, Federica Valeriani, Vincenzo Romano Spica
    Work.2023; 75(2): 391.     CrossRef
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    Margherita Martelli, Gianmaria Salvio, Lory Santarelli, Massimo Bracci
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(15): 8919.     CrossRef
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    Sohrab Amiri
    International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics.2022; 28(3): 1624.     CrossRef
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    Sohrab Amiri, Seyed Morteza Hosseini
    Journal of Addictive Diseases.2021; 39(3): 288.     CrossRef
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    Laura M. Huiberts, Karin C.H.J. Smolders
    Sleep Medicine Reviews.2021; 55: 101379.     CrossRef
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    Akinori Nakata
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    Won Ju Hwang, Jin Ah Kim, Sally H. Rankin
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2017; 14(12): 1465.     CrossRef
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Factors related to the physician and the employer influencing successful return to work in Korea: results from the first panel study of workers’ compensation insurance (PSWCI)
Wanhyung Lee, Jin-Ha Yoon, Jaehoon Roh, Yeong-Kwang Kim, Hongdeok Seok, June-Hee Lee, Jong-Uk Won
Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:27.   Published online December 11, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0076-x
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

This study aims to investigate associated factors including the physician and the employer of successful return to work (RTW) in occupationally injured workers.

Methods

This study is based on the first panel study of workers’ compensation insurance (PSWCI), published in June 2014. The PSWCI is a sample survey of occupationally injured workers who completed medical care in 2012 (89,921 people). A total of 2000 subjects were sampled based on sex, age, nine metropolitan-based regions, disability ratings, duration of rehabilitation, and whether vocational rehabilitation service was used. We divided the study population into two groups: return to work (RTW) group (job retention, reemployment, unpaid family worker, and self-employment), and non-RTW group (joblessness and economical inactivity). The odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) related to differences in basic characteristics, part of physician and employer-related factors between those who succeeded to RTW and those who did not were measured using multivariable logistic regression model.

Results

The success of RTW is 70.6 % (n = 1412) among participants. The ORs (95 % CI) of the participants belonging to RTW who received periodic recovery assessment from the medical care institution and the physician are 1.51 (1.07–2.13). The ORs (95 % CI) are 1.68 (1.05–2.69) for the RTW group who received work ability assessment and referral for vocational return. When the employer maintains the relationship with the occupationally injured worker, the worker has 1.39 times higher odds (95 % CI: 1.41–2.26) of the RTW group compared to the non-RTW group.

Conclusions

The physician and the employer have a significant impact on the RTW.


Citations

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  • Relationship between workers’ return to work, job retention and income in industrial accidents in Korea: a longitudinal study
    Suk Won Bae, Inchul Jeong, Jin-Ha Yoon, Seung Wook Lee, Tae Hyun Kim, Jong-Uk Won
    BMJ Open.2021; 11(4): e039948.     CrossRef
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    Suk Won Bae
    Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Codi White, Rebecca A. Green, Samantha Ferguson, Sarah L. Anderson, Caroline Howe, Jing Sun, Nicholas Buys
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    Suk Won Bae, Sarah Soyeon Oh, Wha Me Park, Jaehoon Roh, Jong-Uk Won
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  • Income Changes Due to Disability Ratings and Participation in Economic Activities Caused by Industrial Accidents: A Population-Based Study of Data from the Fourth Panel Study of Workers’ Compensation Insurance (PSWCI)
    Suk Won Bae, Sehyun Yun, Ye Seol Lee, Jin-Ha Yoon, Jaehoon Roh, Jong-Uk Won
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2018; 15(11): 2478.     CrossRef
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Case Report
A case of fitness to work in a worker with COPD using the exercise stress test
Yewon Kim, Kyungyong Jung, Ji Young Ryu, Dae Hwan Kim, Sangyoon Lee
Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:26.   Published online December 11, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0074-z
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by persistent airflow limitation. Therefore, both work ability and workday length may be affected in individuals with this disease. We studied a worker with suspected COPD and assessed fitness to work using post-bronchodilator spirometry, symptom assessment scales, and the exercise stress test.

Case report

The patient was a 58-year-old man due to work as a field supervisor in the ship construction sector. He had a 40 pack-year smoking history and experienced occasional dyspnea when climbing stairs. He visited this hospital to receive cardiopulmonary function tests and to determine his ability to work. Post-bronchodilator spirometry revealed severe irreversible airway obstruction corresponding to a modified Medical Research Council grade of 2 on the dyspnea scale. His COPD Assessment Test score was 12, placing him in patient group D (high risk, more symptoms) based on the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease classification system. His maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) was determined to be 19.16 ml/kg/min, as measured by the exercise stress test, and his acceptable workload for 8 h of physical work was calculated to be 6.51 ml/kg/min. His work tasks required an oxygen demand of 6.89 ml/kg/min, which exceeded the acceptable workload calculated. Accordingly, he was advised to adjust the work tasks that were deemed inappropriate for his exercise capacity.

Conclusion

As COPD incidence is expected to rise, early COPD diagnosis and determination of fitness to work is becoming increasingly important. Performing the exercise stress test, to evaluate the functional capacity of workers with COPD, is considered an acceptable solution.


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Research Articles
Factors associated with health-related quality of life in Korean older workers
Sujin Hong, Harin Jeong, Yunjeong Heo, Hosun Chun, Jongtae Park, Daeseong Kim
Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:25.   Published online November 30, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0077-9
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

The prevalence of aged individuals in the Korean workforce continues to increase. This research determined the health and working conditions of Korean older wage workers and confirmed the effects of factors on the health-related quality of life of Korean older workers.

Methods

Of the 25,534 persons surveyed in the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1368 older (>55 years of age) wage workers without missing variables were selected. Their general characteristics, health status (cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal disease, and mental health), working conditions (type of occupation, employment status, full- or part-time work, weekly average working hours, and shift work), and health-related quality of life assessed by the EQ-5D questionnaire were examined.

Results

The mean values of the EQ-5D index of the male and female older workers were 0.956 ± 0.087 and 0.917 ± 0.124, respectively (p < 0.001). The factors that caused statistically significant differences in the EQ-5D index for all subjects were age, education, household income, cerebro-cardiovascular event, osteoarthritis, musculoskeletal pain, stress, occupation type, employment status, and working hours. In logistic regression analysis, the factors that associated with perceived problems in each EQ-5D dimensions were age, musculoskeletal pain, stress, diabetes, smoking, occupation type, employment status, and working hours.

Conclusions

To eventually raise the quality of life of older workers through health maintenance and management, it is necessary to manage related factors that include of musculoskeletal pain and diseases, stress, diabetes, smoking, occupation, employment status, and working hours.


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    Nahed T. Zeini, Ahmed E. Okasha, Amal S. Soliman
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    Svitlana Indyka
    Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports).2023; (12(172)): 96.     CrossRef
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    Jung In Choi, Young Hye Cho, Yun Jin Kim, Sang Yeoup Lee, Jeong Gyu Lee, Yu Hyeon Yi, Young Jin Tak, Hye Rim Hwang, Seung Hun Lee, Eun Ju Park, Young In Lee, Young Jin Ra, Su Jin Lee
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    Muhamad Hasrol Mohd Ashri, Hazizi Abu Saad, Siti Nur’Asyura Adznam
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(5): 2626.     CrossRef
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    Hyun Park, Young Hwangbo, Younghyeon Nam
    Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine.2018; 60(9): e492.     CrossRef
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    Hyeon-Sook Lee, Siwoo Lee, Sohee Park, Younghwa Baek, Ji-Hye Youn, Dan Bee Cho, Jung-Hyun Jin, Aesun Shin, Sue K. Park, Keon Wook Kang, Young-Khi Lim, Chul Hwan Kang, Keun-Young Yoo, Kwang-Pil Ko
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    Bartłomiej K. Sołtysik, Łukasz Kroc, Małgorzata Pigłowska, Agnieszka Guligowska, Janusz Śmigielski, Tomasz Kostka
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    Malakeh Z. Malak
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    Min Kwan Baek, Young Saing Kim, Eun Young Kim, Ae Jin Kim, Won-Jun Choi, Pietro Cipresso
    PLOS ONE.2016; 11(10): e0163999.     CrossRef
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Anxiety symptoms and occupational stress among young Korean female manufacturing workers
Kang Ho Lee, Chang Ho Chae, Young Ouk Kim, Jun Seok Son, Ja-Hyun Kim, Chan Woo Kim, Hyoung Ouk Park, Jun Ho Lee, Young Saeng Jung
Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:24.   Published online November 14, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0075-y
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

The prevalence of anxiety disorders has been increasing in South Korea, with recent studies reporting anxiety disorders as the most common mental disorder among all South Korean females. Anxiety disorders, which are independent risk factors of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts, are significantly correlated with productivity loss, high medical costs, impaired work performance, and frequent worker absence, and thus are potentially serious problems affecting the health of South Korean female workers. In previous studies, anxiety disorders were shown to have a significant correlation with occupational stress. This study seeks to examine the prevalence of anxiety symptoms as well as the relationship between occupational stress and anxiety symptoms among South Korean female manufacturing workers.

Methods

A structured self-reported questionnaire was administered to 1,141 female workers at an electrical appliance manufacturing plant. The questionnaire collected data on general characteristics, health behaviors, sleep quality, job characteristics (shift work, shift work schedule, and job tenure), occupational stress, and anxiety symptoms. Sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, occupational stress with the Korean Occupational Stress Scale-Short Form (KOSS-SF), and anxiety symptoms with the Korean version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory. A chi square test was conducted to determine the distribution differences in anxiety symptoms based on general characteristics, health behaviors, job characteristics, and sleep quality. A linear-by-linear association test was used to determine the distribution differences between anxietysymptoms and the levels of occupational stress. Last, logistic regression analysis was used in order to determine the association between occupational stress and anxiety symptoms.

Results

The prevalence of anxiety symptoms was 15.2 %. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis that adjusted for sleep quality and general characteristics, a significantassociation was found for those with anxiety disorders; the odds ratios (OR) were significantly higher the greater the total KOSS-SF score (moderate-risk group OR=2.85, 95 % CI=1.79–4.56; high-risk group OR=5.34, 95 % CI=3.59–7.96). In addition, excluding insufficient job control, all other KOSS-SF subscales were significantly associated with anxiety symptoms, and a relatively high OR was seen in the high-risk group for job demand (OR=3.19, 95 % CI=2.27–4.49), job insecurity (OR=4.52, 95 % CI=2.86–7.13), and occupational culture (OR=4.52, 95 % CI=2.90–7.04).

Conclusion

There was a significant association between anxiety symptoms and occupational stress stemming from the psychosocial work environment among these South Korean female manufacturing workers. Future longitudinal studies are needed to examine the association between the occupational stress caused by the psychosocial work environment and the incidence of anxiety disorders and anxiety symptoms. Furthermore, intervention programs that aim to address the prevalence of anxiety symptoms and improve the psychosocial work environment, especially for younger female manufacturing workers, are needed.


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    Yuan Kuang, Shuicheng Tian, Guangli Li, Dejun Zhao, Tao Qing
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    Sohrab Amiri
    International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics.2023; 29(1): 154.     CrossRef
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    NiravB Chanpa, BhavinkumarN Kadavala, Parveen Kumar, DhruvkumarS Patel, NiranjanL Patel, DeepakS Tiwari
    Journal of SAARC Psychiatric Federation.2023; 1(1): 29.     CrossRef
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    Malte van Veen, Karen M. Oude Hengel, Roosmarijn M. C. Schelvis, Paulien M. Bongers, Johannes C. F. Ket, Allard J. van der Beek, Cécile R. L. Boot
    International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health.2023; 96(1): 57.     CrossRef
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    Xueping Meng, Dong Yang
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    Rongxi Wang, Xiaoyue Yu, Hui Chen, Fan Hu, Chen Xu, Yujie Liu, Shangbin Liu, Lian Jin, Ming Li, Yong Cai
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    Ahmad Fairuz Mohamed, Marzuki Isahak, Mohd Zaki Awg Isa, Rusli Nordin
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    Wu-Hong Lu, Wen-Qian Zhang, Fei Sun, Ya-Ting Gao, Yun-Juan Zhao, Ji-Wen Liu, Yi-Tong Ma, Muhuyati, Peng Bao
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    M. Schmid, L. Michaud, N. Bovio, I. Guseva Canu, Matthias Egger, Adrian Spoerri, Marcel Zwahlen, Milo Puhan, Matthias Bopp, Martin Röösli, Michel Oris, Murielle Bochud
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    Won Ju Hwang, Jin Ah Kim, Sally H. Rankin
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2017; 14(12): 1465.     CrossRef
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    Anootnara Talkul Kuster, Therese K Dalsbø, Bao Yen Luong Thanh, Arnav Agarwal, Quentin V Durand-Moreau, Ingvild Kirkehei
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Residency programs and the outlook for occupational and environmental medicine in Korea
Youngil Lee, Jungwon Kim, Yoomi Chae
Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:23.   Published online September 25, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0072-1
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

This study investigated the implementation of training courses and the overall outlook for occupational and environmental medicine (OEM) in Korea. We described the problems facing OEM residency programs in Korea, and reviewed studies dealing with the specialty of occupational health in developed countries in order to suggest directions of improvement for the OEM training courses.

Methods

We surveyed 125 OEM residents using a questionnaire in August 2012. A total of 23 questions about the training environment, residency programs, preferred institutions for post-licensure employment, and the outlook for OEM specialists were included in the questionnaire and analyzed according to the type of training institution and residency year. Responses from 88 residents (70.4 %) were analyzed.

Results

The major responsibilities of OEM residents were found to vary depending on whether they were trained in research institutes or in hospitals. OEM residents had a lower level of satisfaction with the following training programs: toxicology practice (measurements of biological markers, metabolites, and working environments), and OEM practice (environmental diseases and clinical training involving surgery). When asked about their eventual place of employment, OEM residents preferred institutions providing special health examinations or health management services. OEM residents reported a positive outlook for OEM over the next 5 years, but a negative outlook for the next 10 years.

Conclusions

Although a standardized training curriculum for OEM residents exists, this study found differences in the actual training courses depending on the training institution. We plan to standardize OEM training by holding a regional conference and introducing open training methods, such as an open hospital system. Use of Korean-language OEM textbook may also reduce differences in the educational programs of each training institution. Toxicology practice, environmental diseases, and clinical training in surgery are areas that particularly need improvement in OEM residency training programs.


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Effects of high occupational physical activity, aging, and exercise on heart rate variability among male workers
Dongmug Kang, Youngki Kim, Jongeun Kim, Yongsik Hwang, Byungmann Cho, Taekjong Hong, Byungmok Sung, Yonghwan Lee
Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:22.   Published online September 25, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0073-0
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

Effects of aging and leisure time physical activity (LPA) might influence the effect of occupational physical activity (OPA) on risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study was conducted to determine whether OPA affects CVD after controlling the effects of LPA and other risk factors for CVD such as job stress.

Methods

Participants were 131 male Korean manual workers. Tests for heart rate variability (HRV) were conducted for five minutes in the morning at work. We defined OPA as the combined concept of relative heart rate ratio (RHR), evaluated using a heart rate monitor.

Results

Whereas high OPA was not related to any HRV items in the younger age group, high OPA was associated with an increased number of low-value cases among all HRV items in older workers. Exercise had beneficial effects only in the younger group. After controlling for exercise and other risk factors, the odds ratios of the root-mean square of the difference of successive normal R-R intervals (rMSSD) and high frequency band power (HF) among the older age and high OPA group compared with the younger age and low OPA group were 64.0 and 18.5, respectively. Social support and shift work were independent risk factors in HRV.

Conclusions

OPA in aging workers increases CVD risks. This study provides support for the need for protection of aging workers from physical work overload, and indicates the need for further study of optimal limits of OPA.


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    Abdullah Bandar Alansare, Lauren C. Bates, Lee Stoner, Christopher E. Kline, Elizabeth Nagle, J. Richard Jennings, Erik D. Hanson, Mark A. Faghy, Bethany Barone Gibbs
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(16): 8508.     CrossRef
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The effects of individual, occupational, and supportive factors on successful return to work using a structural equation model
Jongin Lee, Min Choi, Sung Hye Park, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, Hye-Eun Lee
Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:21.   Published online August 28, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0070-3
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

We aimed to ascertain the relationship between several factors and successful return to work using a structural equation model.

Methods

We used original data from the Panel Study of Worker’s Compensation Insurance, and defined four latent variables as occupational, individual, supportive, and successful return to work. Each latent variable was defined by its observed variables, including age, workplace size, and quality of the medical services. A theoretical model in which all latent variables had a relationship was suggested. After examining the model, we modified some pathways that were not significant or did not fit, and selected a final structural equation model that had the highest goodness of fit.

Results

All three latent variables (occupational, individual, and supportive) showed statistically significant relationships with successful return to work. The occupational and supportive factors had relationships with each other, but there was no relationship between individual and the other factors. Nearly all observed variables had significance with their latent variables. The correlation coefficients from the latent variables to successful return to work were statistically significant and the indices for goodness of fit were satisfactory. In particular, four observed variables—handicap level, duration of convalescence, working duration, and support from the company—showed construct validities with high correlation coefficients.

Conclusions

All factors that we examined are related to successful return to work. We should focus on the supportive factor the most because its variables are modifiable to promote a return to work by those injured in their workplace.


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Association of cadmium with diabetes in middle-aged residents of abandoned metal mines: the first health effect surveillance for residents in abandoned metal mines
Hee-seung Son, Soo-geun Kim, Byung-seong Suh, Dong-uk Park, Dae-seon Kim, Seung-do Yu, Yeong-seoub Hong, Jung-duck Park, Byung-kook Lee, Jai-dong Moon, Joon Sakong
Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:20.   Published online August 24, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0071-2
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objective

The aim of this study was to determine the association between urinary cadmium (U-cd) concentration and diabetes in middle-aged Korean residents of abandoned mines using the first Health Effect Surveillance for Residents in Abandoned Metal mines (HESRAM).

Methods

This study was cross-sectional study conducted on 719 residents between 40–70 years in 38 abandoned metal mines in Korea. Data was collected by HESRAM from 2008 to 2011. The correlation coefficient of U-cd and fasting blood glucose, odds ratio in urinary cadmium tertiles and diabetes prevalence was analyzed according to the sex category.

Results

The correlation coefficient U-cd concentration and fasting blood glucose was 0.182 in male. Logistic regression analysis in male revealed a third tertile odds ratio of U-cd (2 μg/g creatinine < U-cd) while diabetes prevalence was 1.81 (95 % CI 1.05-3.12) with adjusted age, BMI, smoking and alcohol consumption, region, family income. On the other hand, the odds ratio for third tertile of U-cd (3 μg/g creatinine < U-cd) between diabetes prevalence in female was 1.39 (95 % CI 0.52-3.72) in addition to adjusted menopausal status.

Conclusions

Environmental exposure to cadmium in abandoned mine residents was associated with diabetes in male. Closed monitoring and periodic evaluation of the health effects of chronic environmental exposure on abandoned mines residents will be needed.


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Case Report
Case report of renal cell carcinoma in automobile manufacturing factory worker due to trichloroethylene exposure in Korea
June-Hee Lee, Inah Kim, Hongdeok Seok, Inhyo Park, Jungho Hwang, Jae-Oh Park, Jong-Uk Won, Jaehoon Roh
Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:19.   Published online August 3, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0068-x
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

The aim of this paper was report first case of renal cell carcinoma developed in a worker who worked in an automobile manufacture line which handles trichloroethylene in Korea.

Case presentation

To clarify the relationship between the onset of renal cell carcinoma in 52-years old male worker and the exposure to trichloroethylene, document studies and work environment measurement were done. Past work environment exposure data were reviewed and medical history and surgery records of the worker were also reviewed. The patient had no personal risk factor related to renal cell carcinoma except for his smoking habit of quarter a pack per day for twenty years, and since trichloroethylene was not part of measurement criteria, past work environment risk assessment data could not verify the exposure. The exposure level is deduced by analyzing material exposure level of work environments which has similar processes in data from revised research of chemical exposure standard and work environment validity assessment. Evaluation Committee of Epidemiologic Survey decided that there are relevant relationship between the exposure and the disease, though we do not have exact data during that period, most experts agree that in every factories they used trichloroethylene without any direction.

Conclusions

From the relevant medical history and the results of the usage of trichloroethylene in the relevant industries, and initial discovery of renal cell carcinoma at health inspection sonogram in 2001, it can be concluded that suggests significant causal relationship between the exposure to trichloroethylene and renal cell carcinoma onset, thus reporting it to be the first domestic case declared to be occupational disease.


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    Chengwei Xu, Yan Yu, Xiaodong Si
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    Morten Buhagen, Anna Grønskag, Siri Fenstad Ragde, Bjørn Hilt
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Review
French good practice guidelines for medical and occupational surveillance of the low back pain risk among workers exposed to manual handling of loads
Audrey Petit, Jean-Baptiste Fassier, Sandrine Rousseau, Philippe Mairiaux, Yves Roquelaure
Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:18.   Published online July 22, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0069-9
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

Several clinical practice guidelines related to the assessment and management of low back pain (LBP) have been published with varied scopes and methods. This paper summarises the first French occupational guidelines for management of work-related LBP (October 2013). There main originality is to treat all the three stages of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of work-related LBP. The guidelines were written by a multidisciplinary working group of 24 experts, according to the Clinical Practice Guidelines method proposed by French National Health Authority, and reviewed by a multidisciplinary peer review committee of 50 experts. Recommendations were based on a large systematic review of the literature carried out from 1990 to 2012 and rated as strong (Level A), moderate (B), limited (C) or based on expert consensus (D) according to their level of evidence. It is recommended to deliver reassuring and consistent information concerning LBP prognosis (Level B); to perform a clinical examination looking for medical signs of severity related to LBP (Level A), encourage continuation or resumption of physical activity (Level A), identify any changes in working conditions and evaluate the occupational impact of LBP (Level D). In case of persistent/recurrent LBP, assess prognostic factors likely to influence progression to chronic LBP, prolonged disability and delayed return to work (Level A). In case of prolonged/repeated sick leave, evaluate the pain, functional disability and their impact and main risk factors for prolonged work disability (Level A), promote return to work measures and inter professional coordination (Level D). These good practice guidelines are primarily intended for professionals of occupational health but also for treating physicians and paramedical personnel participating in the management of LBP, workers and employers.


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Research Articles
Decline in non-smoking workers’ urine cotinine levels after increased smoking regulation in Korea
Ju-Hyoung Park, Chae-Kwan Lee, Se-Yeong Kim, Chunhui Suh, Kun-Hyung Kim, Jeong-Ho Kim, Byung-Chul Son, Jong-Tae Lee, Seung-Do Yu, Wookhee Choi, Hosub Im
Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:17.   Published online June 10, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0066-z
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

To identify any association between implementing smoking regulation policies and workers’ urine cotinine concentration levels in Korea.

Methods

From the first stage of the Korean National Environmental Health Survey conducted by the National Institute of Environmental Research from 2009 to 2011, 2,475 non-smoking workers selected. We analyzed the trend in the changes of cotinine concentration in urine using the general linear model and linear regression, in various jobs as categorized by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) and Korea Standard Classification of Occupations (KSCO).

Results

The urine cotinine concentration tended to decrease every year (2.91 ng/ml in 2009, 2.12 ng/ml in 2010, and 1.31 ng/ml in 2011), showing a decreasing trend (P < 0.001). The total subjects’ decreased cotinine concentration in urine between 2009 and 2011 was 2.72 ng/ml (54.1 % relative decrease). The changes in each subgroup’s urine cotinine concentration ranged from 1.59 to 6.03 ng/ml (33.2 to 77.5 %). All groups except for the managerial group (n = 49), which had a small sample size, had statistically significant negative regression coefficients (p < 0.05). The ranges of the decrease in urine cotinine were 2.75 ng/ml (53.6 %) for males and 2.72 ng/ml (54.9 %) for females. The negative slope in urine cotinine level was statistically significantly greater in men than women. The changes in urine cotinine by occupation as classified by the NCHS occupational categories ranged from 2.43 to 3.36 ng/ml (46.6 to 61.5 % relative decrease). The negative slopes in urine cotinine levels of the white-collar and farm workers were statistically significantly greater than those of the service workers and blue-collar workers. The change by occupation as classified by the KSCO ranged from 1.59 to 6.03 ng/ml (a 33.2 to 77.5 % relative decrease). The negative slopes in urine cotinine levels of the professionals and related workers and clerks were statistically significantly greater than those of the service workers and plant and machine operators and assemblers.

Conclusions

The cotinine concentration in urine among non-smoking worker groups tended to decline from 2009 to 2011. Such a result may be an indirect indicator of the effectiveness of smoking regulation policies including the revision of the National Health Promotion Act.


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Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory as related factor for post traumatic stress disorder symptoms according to job stress level in experienced firefighters: 5–year study
In-Sung Chung, Mi-Young Lee, Sung-Won Jung, Chang-Wook Nam
Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:16.   Published online June 5, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0067-y
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

As first responders to an increasing number of natural and manmade disasters, active-duty firefighters are at increased risk for physical and psychiatric impairment as reflected by high rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Because little is known about related factor with PTSD according to job stress level among firefighters, we assessed utility of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) using 5-year medical surveillance.

Methods

Data were analyzed from 185 male firefighters without psychiatric disease history and who at assessments in 2006 and 2011 completed all questionnaires on personal behaviors (including exercise, drinking and smoking habits) and job history (including job duration and department). MMPI, Events Scale-Revised-Korean version (IES-R-K) and Korean Occupational Stress Scale-Short Form (KOSS-SF) were used to screen for personality trait, PTSD symptom presence and job stress level, respectively. IES-R-K subgroups were compared using two-sample t- and χ2 tests, and factors influencing IES-R-K according to KOSS-SF were determined using uni- and multivariate logistic regression.

Results

Mean age and job duration were higher in PTSD-positive than negative groups. In multivariate analysis, increased PTSD risk was associated with: job duration (Odds ratio (OR) = 1.064, 95 % CI 1.012–1.118) for firefighters overall; masculinity-femininity (OR = 5.304, 95 % CI 1.191–23.624) and job duration (OR = 1.126, 95 % CI 1.003–1.265) for lower job stress level; and social introversion (OR = 3.727, 95 % CI 1.096–12.673) for higher job stress level.

Conclusions

MMPI relates with PTSD according to job stress level among experienced firefighters. Masculinity-femininity and social introversion were the strongest related factor for PTSD symptom development in low and high job stress levels, respectively.


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    Jung, Heeja, Jeong Sun Young, 김지영
    Health and Social Welfare Review.2016; 36(4): 488.     CrossRef
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Association between night work and cardiovascular diseases: analysis of the 3rd Korean working conditions survey
Sungjin Park, Juhyun Nam, Jong-Ku Lee, Sung-Soo Oh, Hee-Tae Kang, Sang-Baek Koh
Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:15.   Published online May 11, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0064-1
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between night work and cardiovascular diseases among wage workers in Korea.

Methods

The study was based on the 3rd Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS; 2011). This study included 29,711 wage workers. We used the chi-squared test and logistic regression to examine the association between cardiovascular diseases and night work and cumulative night work.

Results

Among all of the paid workers, 12.5% reported doing night work ≥ 1 day per month. Night work was significantly associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (odds ratio [OR] 1.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11-2.25). Also, compared to the group that did not do night works, the group with higher cumulative night work demonstrated an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.19-2.74).

Conclusions

This study suggests that night work is significantly associated with cardiovascular diseases.


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    Ljiljana Kulić, Vesna Krstović-Spremo, Jovica Jovanović, Milivoje Galjak, Oliver Bojčeski, Jovana Jovanović
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The effect of applying ethnicity-specific spirometric reference equations to Asian migrant workers in Korea
Nami Kim, Se-Yeong Kim, Yoojun Song, Chunhui Suh, Kun-Hyung Kim, Jeong-Ho Kim, Byung-Chul Son, Chae-Kwan Lee, Jong-Tae Lee
Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:14.   Published online May 18, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0065-0
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

Asian migrant workers in Korea have various ethnicities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difference in spirometric interpretation made using the set of third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) reference equations and the relevant ethnicity-specific reference sets.

Methods

Spirometry was performed on 166 migrant and 498 Korean male workers between March and November 2012. We analyzed the spirometric data of healthy never-smokers. Spirometric patterns were evaluated using the NHANES III reference set and some relevant ethnicity-specific equations (Eom’s equation for Koreans, Ip’s equation for East Asians, Crapo’s equation for Central Asians, Memon’s equation for South Asians, and Gnanou’s equation for Southeast Asian people).

Results

In all migrant groups except the Central Asian group, the forced expiratory volume in 1 second percentage (FEV1%) and forced vital capacity percentage (FVC%) calculated using each of the ethnicity-specific reference equations considered were significantly higher than those calculated using the NHANES III reference set. This study showed that in the evaluation of the spirometric result of subjects from Southeast Asia or South Asia, the percentage of cases with an abnormal FEV1 or FVC increased when the NHANES III set of equations was used as compared to when the ethnicity-specific equations were used.

Conclusions

We found that the spirometric results of all ethnic groups were higher and the composition of the abnormal spirometric result was lower when the ethnicity-specific reference equations were used instead of the NHANES III reference set.


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  • Spirometry Reference Equations for Asian Migrant Workers in Korea: A Proposal
    Hwa-Yeon LEE, Yonglim WON
    Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science.2023; 55(1): 29.     CrossRef
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    Darcy D. Marciniuk, Ellen A. Becker, David A. Kaminsky, Meredith C. McCormack, Sanja Stanojevic, Nirav R. Bhakta, Christian Bime, Vikram Comondore, Clayton T. Cowl, Sharon Dell, Jeffrey Haynes, Fred Jaffe, Carl Mottram, Nneka Sederstrom, Mary Townsend, Jo
    CHEST.2023; 164(2): 461.     CrossRef
  • Reference equations for evaluation of spirometry function tests in South Asia, and among South Asians living in other countries
    Wei Yee Leong, Ananya Gupta, Mehedi Hasan, Sara Mahmood, Samreen Siddiqui, Sajjad Ahmed, Ian Y. Goon, Marie Loh, Theresia H. Mina, Benjamin Lam, Yik Weng Yew, Joanne Ngeow, Jimmy Lee, Eng Sing Lee, Elio Riboli, Paul Elliott, Geak Poh Tan, Sanjay H. Chotir
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    Denis Vinnikov, Paul D. Blanc, Nurlan Brimkulov
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Case Report
Carbon monoxide poisoning-induced cardiomyopathy from charcoal at a barbecue restaurant: a case report
Hyun-Jun Kim, Yun Kyung Chung, Kyeong Min Kwak, Se-Jin Ahn, Yong-Hyun Kim, Young-Su Ju, Young-Jun Kwon, Eun-A Kim
Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:13.   Published online April 28, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0063-2
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objective

Acute carbon monoxide poisoning has important clinical value because it can cause severe adverse cardiovascular effects and sudden death. Acute carbon monoxide poisoning due to charcoal is well reported worldwide, and increased use of charcoal in the restaurant industry raises concern for an increase in occupational health problems. We present a case of carbon monoxide poisoning induced cardiomyopathy in a 47-year-old restaurant worker.

Materials and methods

A male patient was brought to the emergency department to syncope and complained of left chest pain. Cardiac angiography and electrocardiography were performed to rule out acute ischemic heart disease, and cardiac markers were checked. After relief of the symptoms and stabilization of the cardiac markers, the patient was discharged without any complications.

Results

Electrocardiography was normal, but cardiac angiography showed up to a 40% midsegmental stenosis of the right coronary artery with thrombotic plaque. The level of cardiac markers was elevated at least 5 to 10 times higher than the normal value, and the carboxyhemoglobin concentration was 35% measured at one hour after syncope. Following the diagnosis of acute carbon monoxide poisoning induced cardiomyopathy, the patient’s medical history and work exposure history were examined. He was found to have been exposed to burning charcoal constantly during his work hours.

Conclusions

Severe exposure to carbon monoxide was evident in the patient because of high carboxyhemoglobin concentration and highly elevated cardiac enzymes. We concluded that this exposure led to subsequent cardiac injury. He was diagnosed with acute carbon monoxide poisoning-induced cardiomyopathy due to an unsafe working environment. According to the results, the risk of exposure to noxious chemicals such as carbon monoxide by workers in the food service industry is potentially high, and workers in this sector should be educated and monitored by the occupational health service to prevent adverse effects.


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    Claudia Forés Lisbona, Hilary J. Hamnett
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Research Articles
Prevalence and determinants of work related injuries among small and medium scale industry workers in Bahir Dar Town, north west Ethiopia
Getnet Abebe Molla, Waju Beyene Salgedo, Yohannes Kebede Lemu
Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:12.   Published online April 8, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0062-3
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

To assess the prevalence and determinants of work-related injuries among small and medium scale industrial workers in Bahir Dar town, northwest Ethiopia.

Method

Cross sectional comparative study design was used. Purposive sampling method was used to choose the specific Kebele 14 of the study area, for its relatively high number of industries. The study units were stratified into small and medium scale industries. All workers who were available at the time of interview were included in the study. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data. Data was analyzed using SPSS for windows 16.0.

Result

A total of 328 and 655 workers from small and medium-scale industries respectively participated in the study. Seven hundred sixty nine (78.2%) were males. Three hundred thirty six workers (34.2%) reported that they had experienced work-related injuries. Sex, monthly salary, age, work experience and use of personal protective equipment were found to be different in the small and medium industries (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

There was a high prevalence of work related injuries. Sociodemographic, socioeconomic, personal work behavior and the working environment have contributed for the injuries. Work-related injuries are assumed to be preventable with the provision of occupational health programs in workplaces. Thus it is recommended that the owners of industries need to focus on training and installing safer work environment and Further studies with large-scale coverage and prospective study designs are warranted.


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  • Occupational health and safety practices and associated factors among workers in Ethiopia’s Metehara and Wonji sugar industries: a convergent parallel mixed design
    Mitiku Bonsa Debela, Negussie Deyessa, Achenef Motbainor Begosew, Muluken Azage
    BMJ Open.2023; 13(2): e065382.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and risk factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among cashiers in small-scale businesses: a cross-sectional study in Ethiopia
    Amensisa Hailu Tesfaye, Belay Desye, Garedew Tadege Engdaw
    BMJ Open.2023; 13(7): e070746.     CrossRef
  • Factors contributing to occupational injuries among workers in the construction, manufacturing, and mining industries in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Mitiku Bonsa Debela, Muluken Azage, Achenef Motbainor Begosaw, Negussie Deyessa Kabeta
    Journal of Public Health Policy.2022; 43(4): 487.     CrossRef
  • Occupational injury and associated factors among cement factories workers in central Ethiopia
    Demissu Seyoum Fresenbet, Ararso Tafese Olana, Abera Shibiru Tulu, Kababa Temesgen Danusa
    Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Occupational Injuries and Associated Factors Among Small-Scale Woodwork Industry Workers in Hawassa, Southern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study
    Belete Girma, Amanuel Ejeso, Zemachu Ashuro, Mekonnen Birhanie Aregu
    Environmental Health Insights.2022; 16: 117863022210808.     CrossRef
  • Economic costs and Predictors of occupation-related Injuries in Ethiopian sugar industries from the Employer’s perspective: top-down approach and friction method
    Mitiku Bonsa Debela, Muluken Azage, Negussie Deyessa, Achenef Motbainor Begosaw
    BMC Public Health.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Mitiku Bonsa Debela, Muluken Azage, Achenef Motbainor Begosaw
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    Mitiku Bonsa, Getachew Redae Taffere, Mulubirhan Assefa Alemayehu
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    Chimere May Ohajinwa, Peter M van Bodegom, Martina G Vijver, Adesola O Olumide, Oladele Osibanjo, Willie J G M Peijnenburg
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    Valentina Viego, Nicolas Sagui
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The impact of occupational experience on cognitive and physical functional status among older adults in a representative sample of Korean subjects
Jin-young Min, Jae Bum Park, Kyung-jong Lee, Kyoung-bok Min
Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:11.   Published online March 20, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0057-0
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objective

This study investigated the impact of occupation on cognitive and physical function within an occupational window of the past 15 years using a nationally representative sample in Korea.

Methods

A total of 4,408 subjects aged 60 and older were selected from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA). Functional health was evaluated using the Korean versions of the Mental State Examination (K-MMSE), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (K-IADL), and Activities of Daily Living (K-ADL) measures.

Results

The prevalence of lower function was higher among women than among men, and employed persons had better cognitive and physical function compared with the retired and unemployed. Longer work duration during the past 15 years significantly and positively affected all measures of function in men, whereas it only improved physical function in women. Manual laborers exhibited improved functional capacity with longer work durations over the past 15 years, although they presented lower functional scores compared with non-manual laborers. There was a curvilinear relationship of work duration with cognitive and physical function among men and manual laborers.

Conclusion

In our population, longer work duration, especially for men and for manual laborers, appears to be a significant contributor to the cognitive and physical function of older people.


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    Ambrish Singh, Sreelatha Akkala, Minakshi Nayak, Anirudh Kotlo, Naresh Poondla, Syed Raza, Jim Stankovich, Benny Antony
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    P. Padma Sri Lekha, E.P. Abdul Azeez, Arti Singh, C. V. Irshad
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    Young-Mee Kim, Soong-nang Jang, Sung-il Cho
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    E. Calatayud, Y. Marcén-Román, B. Rodríguez-Roca, C. Salavera, A. Gasch-Gallen, I. Gómez-Soria
    Medicina de Familia. SEMERGEN.2023; 49(4): 101923.     CrossRef
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    Isabel Gómez-Soria, Juan Nicolás Cuenca-Zaldívar, Beatriz Rodriguez-Roca, Ana Belén Subirón-Valera, Carlos Salavera, Yolanda Marcén-Román, Elena Andrade-Gómez, Estela Calatayud
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    Elahe Dabaghi, Habibollah Dehghan, Mahnaz Shakerian
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    Estela Calatayud, Carlos Salavera, Isabel Gómez-Soria
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  • Differential Risk of Cognitive Impairment across Paid and Unpaid Occupations in the Middle-Age Population: Evidence from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging, 2006–2016
    Woojin Chung, Roeul Kim
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    Haena Lee, Shannon Ang
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    Hye-Jin Kim, Jin-Young Min, Kyoung-Bok Min
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    Kyoung-Sae Na
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Work-related ocular events among Nigerian dental surgeons
Clement C Azodo, Ejike B Ezeja
Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:10.   Published online March 20, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0060-5
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objective

Daily clinical activities in dental operatory expose dental surgeons to varied forms of ocular events. The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence and pattern of ocular splashes and foreign bodies among dental surgeons in Nigeria.

Methods

This questionnaire-based cross-sectional of dental surgeons in Southern Nigeria was conducted between September 2010 and August 2011. The information elicited were demography, experience and type of ocular event, implicated dental procedure and action taken.

Results

Of the 185 studied, 148 of them responded. Of these 148 respondents, 56 (37.8%) reported foreign body, 18 (12.2%) splash, 33 (22.3%) both foreign body and splash while 41 (27.7%) reported no ocular event. It therefore means that the overall prevalence of ocular events among the respondents was 107 (72.3%). The prevalence of ocular events was significantly associated with age (p = 0.014), years of practice (p = 0.033) and safety eye goggle use (p = 0.023). The main dental procedures implicated in the ocular events among the respondents were scaling 77 (72.0%), tooth/cavity preparation 17 (15.9%), polishing 11 (10.3%) and forcep tooth extraction 10 (9.3%). The major implicated aetiological agents in the ocular events were calculus 74 (69.2%), saliva 29 (27.1%), mixed blood & saliva 19 (17.8%), tooth particles 15 (14.0%) and blood 9 (8.4%). The predominant action taken by the respondents was to rinse the eye under running water 89 (83.2%).

Conclusion

Ocular splash and foreign body events are high among dental surgeons in Nigeria. Age, years of practice and safety eye goggles wear were also found to be associated with ocular events. Eye safety awareness is therefore deemed a necessity for dental surgeon in Southern Nigeria.


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  • Relationship between work-related ocular events, facial injuries and associated factors amongst dental professionals during COVID-19
    Wajiha Anzar, Ashar Afaq, Qaiser Ali Baig, Osama Y. Mohamed, Ishfaq A Bukhari, Fahim Vohra
    Work.2021; 69(3): 759.     CrossRef
  • Ocular injuries among oral and maxillofacial surgeons: Have high risk or not? An overview of a two-centered experience
    B.A. Aydil, M.E. Benlidayi, H. Kocaelli, G.E. Dogancali, A. Genc
    Journal of Stomatology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.2021; 122(3): 289.     CrossRef
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    Rajeshree Moodley, J. Van Wyk
    BDJ Open.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Nasser A. Alsabaani, Nabil J. Awadalla, Ibrahim H. Abu saq, Zeyad M. Abualiat, Mohammed A. Alshahrani, Abdulaziz M. Alqahtani, Masoud M. Alshuraym
    International Dental Journal.2017; 67(6): 371.     CrossRef
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Case Report
Risk assessment of gastric cancer associated with asbestosis: a case report
Soo-Hong Park, Dong-Mug Kang, Bon-Hak Koo, Young-Ki Kim, Jong-Eun Kim
Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:9.   Published online March 13, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0061-4
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

The International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies asbestos as belonging to Carcinogen Group 2A for gastric cancer. We herein report a case of gastric cancer associated with asbestosis and describe the work-related and risk assessments of asbestos exposure for gastric cancer.

Case presentation

The 66-year-old male patient in our case worked in asbestos spinning factories. His level of cumulated asbestos fiber exposure was estimated to be 38.0–71.0 f-yr/cc. Thus, the Excess Life Cancer Risk for lung cancer associated with asbestos exposure was 9,648×10−5, almost 9,600 times the value recommended by the United States of America Environmental Protection Agency (1 × 10−5). The relative risk of developing lung cancer for this patient was more than 25 f-yr/cc, a well-known criterion for doubling the risk of lung cancer.

Conclusion

The patient’s exposure to high-dose asbestos was sufficient to increase his risk of gastric cancer because as the risk of lung cancer increased, the risk of gastric cancer was due to increase as well. Therefore, occupational asbestos fiber exposure might be associated with gastric cancer in this case.


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  • Asbestos-Related Diseases and Its Impact on Health: An Updated Review Article
    Wasey Ali Yadullahi Mir, Ayusha Poudel, Anurag Adhikari, Dhan Bahadur Shrestha, Yubraj Sedhai, Peter LaCamera, Andrew Moraco
    Current Pulmonology Reports.2023; 12(4): 244.     CrossRef
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    Arindam Mallick, Iris Visoly-Fisher
    Materials Advances.2021; 2(19): 6125.     CrossRef
  • Increased Risk of Gastric Cancer in Asbestos-Exposed Workers: A Retrospective Cohort Study Based on Taiwan Cancer Registry 1980–2015
    Yi-Jen Fang, Hung-Yi Chuang, Chih-Hong Pan, Yu-Yin Chang, Yawen Cheng, Lukas Jyuhn-Hsiarn Lee, Jung-Der Wang
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(14): 7521.     CrossRef
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    Manuela Valenzuela, Margarita Giraldo, Sonia Gallo-Murcia, Juliana Pineda, Laura Santos, Juan Pablo Ramos-Bonilla
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Research Articles
Effect of maternal job strain during pregnancy on infant neurodevelopment by gender at 6 and 12 months: Mothers and Children’s Environmental Health (MOCEH) study
Eunjeong Kim, HyeSook Park, Yun-Chul Hong, Mina Ha, Yangho Kim, Bo-Eun Lee, Eun-Hee Ha
Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:8.   Published online March 20, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0059-y
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

Limited evidence is available regarding the association between prenatal job strain and infant neurodevelopment. Most studies used stress indicators other than job strain to explain the relationship between prenatal maternal stress and child development. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between maternal job strain during pregnancy and neurodevelopment in infancy.

Methods

Mothers and Children’s Environmental Health (MOCEH) study, an on-going prospective birth cohort study, has been conducted in South Korea since 2006. Job strain during pregnancy was measured using Korean version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). Infant neurodevelopment was assessed using Korean Bayley Scale of Infant Development II (K-BSID-II) at 6 and 12 months of age. A total of 343 mother-child pairs that completed JCQ and K-BSID-II more than once were included. Mental Developmental Index (MDI) and Psychomotor Developmental Index (PDI) defined in the K-BSID-II were used as outcome variables.

Results

Compared to infants from mothers with low job strain, significant (p < 0.05) decreases in PDI were found in infants from mothers with active and passive job at 6 months of age. After stratification by infant sex, boys in the high strain group had a lower MDI score than boys in the low job strain group at 12 months. On the other hand, girls in the high strain and active groups had higher MDI scores than girls in the low job strain group at 12 months. PDI at 12 months also showed different results by sex. Boys in the high strain and passive job groups had lower PDI scores than boys in the low job strain group. However, such difference was not observed in girls.

Conclusions

The findings of this study suggest that prenatal job strain affects infant neurodevelopment in a gender-dependent manner.


Citations

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Public-health impact of outdoor air pollution for 2nd air pollution management policy in Seoul metropolitan area, Korea
Jong Han Leem, Soon Tae Kim, Hwan Cheol Kim
Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:7.   Published online February 27, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0058-z
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

Air pollution contributes to mortality and morbidity. We estimated the impact of outdoor air pollution on public health in Seoul metropolitan area, Korea. Attributable cases of morbidity and mortality were estimated.

Methods

Epidemiology-based exposure-response functions for a 10 μg/m3 increase in particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) were used to quantify the effects of air pollution. Cases attributable to air pollution were estimated for mortality (adults ≥ 30 years), respiratory and cardiovascular hospital admissions (all ages), chronic bronchitis (all ages), and acute bronchitis episodes (≤18 years). Environmental exposure (PM2.5 and PM10) was modeled for each 3 km × 3 km.

Results

In 2010, air pollution caused 15.9% of total mortality or approximately 15,346 attributable cases per year. Particulate air pollution also accounted for: 12,511 hospitalized cases of respiratory disease; 20,490 new cases of chronic bronchitis (adults); 278,346 episodes of acute bronchitis (children). After performing the 2nd Seoul metropolitan air pollution management plan, the reducible death number associated with air pollution is 14,915 cases per year in 2024. We can reduce 57.9% of death associated with air pollution.

Conclusion

This assessment estimates the public-health impacts of current patterns of air pollution. Although individual health risks of air pollution are relatively small, the public-health consequences are remarkable. Particulate air pollution remains a key target for public-health action in the Seoul metropolitan area. Our results, which have also been used for economic valuation, should guide decisions on the assessment of environmental health-policy options.


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Case Report
Work-related COPD after years of occupational exposure
YounMo Cho, JongIn Lee, Min Choi, WonSeon Choi, Jun-Pyo Myong, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, Jung-Wan Koo
Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:6.   Published online February 19, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0056-1
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

Cigarette smoking is known as the most important risk factor of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, occupational exposure to other substances can result in COPD.

Case report

A 76-year-old man with occupational exposures to mixtures of silica dust, gas, and fumes for 10 years and with a 25 pack-year smoking history was diagnosed with COPD. His computed tomogram scan revealed some hyperinflation with emphysematous change in both upper lobes. In the pulmonary function tests, his post-bronchodilator forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and FEV1/FVC% were 2.20 L (67% of the predicted value), 1.12 L (52% of the predicted value), and 51%, respectively, indicating moderate COPD. This case of COPD was confirmed as a work-related disease by the Occupational Lung Disease Research Institute in Korea Workers’ Compensation & Welfare Service.

Conclusion

Exposure to various substances such as silica dust, gas, and fumes from furnace and boiler installation was likely the cause of COPD in this patient. Thus, occupational exposure should be considered an important risk factor of COPD.


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Research Article
Risk factors of work-related upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders in male cameramen
Jung ho Kim, Byung seong Suh, Soo Geun Kim, Won sool Kim, You il Shon, Hee seung Son
Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:5.   Published online January 24, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-014-0052-x
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objective

The aim of this study is to determine the risk factors related to upper extremities work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) in cameramen.

Methods

A questionnaire survey was performed on 166 cameramen in a broadcasting station. The questionnaire consisted of questions on the general characteristics, the health behavior, work type and duration, physical burden, ergonomic posture, and musculoskeletal symptoms. Definition of musculoskeletal disorders was based on NIOSH criteria.

Results

The positive rate of WRMSDs symptoms by parts of the body was turned out to be the highest in the shoulder (14.5%) and the lowest in arm and elbow (6%). Logistic regression analysis revealed that symptoms in the shoulders increased with BMI (OR = 3.62, 95% CI = 1.03-12.71), physical burden (OR = 9.29, 95% CI = 1.72-61.78 in the very hard group) and ergonomic factors (OR = 4.50, 95% CI = 1.03-19.68). Ergonomic factors were only related to the symptoms of hand and wrist (OR = 10.21, 95% CI = 1.02-102.20). WRMSDs symptoms, in the whole upper extremities, were higher in the 50 or older age group (OR = 5.86, 95% CI = 1.03-33.26), higher BMI group (OR = 3.26, 95% CI = 1.28-13.53), non-exercise group (OR = 2.37, 95% CI = 1.24-12.59), high physical burden group (OR = 7.6, 95% CI = 1.34-52.74), and high grade ergonomic risk group (OR = 4.82, 95% CI = 1.29-16.06).

Conclusion

The most serious musculoskeletal disorders of male cameramen were shoulder pain. Ergonomic factors and physical burden were the most significant factors affecting WRMSDs in cameramen in this study. Cameramen should be educated to be able to improve the ergonomic occupational environment and to set up preventive measures against the risk factors during work.


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