Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Seung Hyun Park

8 Articles

Association between shift work and serum homocysteine level in female electronic manufacturing services workers: Jae Won Lim, Chan Woo Kim, Hyoung Ouk Park, Eui Yup Chung, Changho Chae, JunSeok Son, Young Hoo Shin, Seung Hyun Park, Sang Moon Choi; Ann Occup Environ Med 2023;35:e4. Published online March 10, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2023.35.e4

Abstract Abstract in Korean PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background

Shift work has been shown to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) based on several evidences. The classic risk factors of CVD include age, hypertension, smoking, obesity and diabetes. Recently, the serum homocysteine level has been reported to be a valuable indicator of CVD risk. This study aimed to determine the variation in serum homocysteine level as a cardiovascular risk indicator among female workers according to shift work.

Methods

The data of regular health examination of workers at an electronic manufacturing services company in Yeongnam region, South Korea in 2019 were examined in this study. The investigation was based on a cross-sectional study conducted on 697 female workers (199 day workers and 498 shift workers). The sociodemographic and biochemical characteristics were compared between day workers and shift workers. Through a logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio (OR) of the increased serum homocysteine level in relation to shift work was determined.

Results

Compared to female day workers, female shift workers showed significantly higher level of serum homocysteine (8.85 ± 2.16 vs. 9.42 ± 2.04 μmol/mL; p = 0.001). The OR of day workers against shift workers was 1.81 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25–2.63). With the adjustment of variables that may influence the level of serum homocysteine, the adjusted OR was 1.68 (95% CI: 1.09–2.60).

Conclusions

The serum homocysteine level was significantly higher in shift workers than in day workers. It is thus likely to be a useful predictor of CVD in shift workers.

전자제조서비스업 회사의 여성 근로자에서 교대근무와 혈청 호모시스테인 수준과의 연관성
목적
교대근무가 심혈관계질환의 발병위험도를 증가시킨다는 여러 증거들이 있다. 심혈관계질환의 고전적 위험인자로는 나이, 고혈압, 흡연, 비만, 이상지질, 당뇨병 등이 있으며, 최근 혈청 호모시스테인 수치는 심혈관계 질환의 위험도 지표로 유용한 것으로 알려지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 여성 근로자에서 교대근무 여부에 따라 심혈관계 질환의 위험도 지표인 혈청 호모시스테인의 수준 차이가 있는지를 알아보고자 하였다.
방법
본 연구는 2019년 영남지방의 한 전자제조서비스업회사 근로자의 정기건강검진 자료를 이용하여 수행하였다. 총 697명의 여성근로자(주간근무자 199명, 교대근무자 498명)의 데이터로 단면연구를 수행하였다. 주간 근무자와 교대근무자의 인구사회학적, 생화학적 특성을 비교하였다. 로지스틱 회귀분석을 사용하여 교대근무와 상승된 혈청 호모시스테인 수치의 교차비를 조사하였다.
결과
여성 주간 근로자와 비교하여 여성 교대근무자의 혈청 호모시스테인 수치가 통계적으로 유의하게 더 높았다. (8.85 ± 2.16 vs 9.42 ± 2.04 μmol/ml ; p=0.001). 교대근무자에 비해 주간 근무자의 교차비는 1.81(95% CI : 1.25-2.63) 였으며, 혈청 호모시스테인 수치에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 변수를 보정한 후, 수정된 OR은 1.68(95% CI : 1.09-2.60) 이었다.
결론
혈청 호모시스테인 수치는 주간 근무자에 비해 교대근무자에서 통계적으로 유의하게 높았다. 교대근로자의 심혈관계 질환 발병의 예측에 있어 혈청 호모시스테인 수치가 유용하겠다.

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Dietary habits of night shift workers: A reason or an excuse for poor nutrition
Svetlana Anđelković, Maja Babić
Srpski medicinski casopis Lekarske komore.2024; 5(1): 75. CrossRef

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Association between coronavirus disease 2019-related workplace interventions and prevalence of depression and anxiety: Hyun Woo Park, Seung Hyun Park, Young Wook Kim, JunSeok Son, Chan Woo Kim, Hyoung Ouk Park, Jun Ho Lee, Young Hoo Shin, Chang Ho Chae, Eui Yup Chung, Hun Jeong; Ann Occup Environ Med 2022;34:e11. Published online June 3, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2022.34.e11

Abstract Abstract in Korean PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background

Although coronavirus disease 2019 is causing a variety of psychological problems for workers, there are few longitudinal studies on changes in workers’ mental health by workplace intervention. This study aimed to evaluate the change in the prevalence of depression and anxiety according to the active involvement of the workplace.

Methods

This study was conducted on 1,978 workers at a workplace who underwent a health screening from January 2019 to August 2020, and classified depression and anxiety disorders using a self-report questionnaire. After the first pandemic, the company stopped health screening, took paid leave and telecommuting, and conducted interventions such as operating its own screening clinic. To see if this workplace intervention affects workers’ mental health, we conducted generalized estimating equations to compare odds ratio (OR).

Results

In the pre-intervention group, 384 people (16.86%) had depression, and 507 people (22.26%) had anxiety disorder. Based on the OR before intervention, the OR of depression decreased to 0.76 (0.66–0.87) and the OR of anxiety disorder decreased to 0.73 (0.65–0.82).

Conclusions

As a result of this study, it was confirmed that workplace intervention was related to a decrease in depression and anxiety. This study provides basic data to improve workers’ mental health according to workplace intervention, and further research is needed according to workplace intervention in the future.

코로나바이러스감염증-19 관련 사업장 개입과 우울증 및 불안장애 유병률 간의 관련성
목적
COVID-19가 근로자에게 다양한 심리적 문제를 야기하고 있지만, 사업장 개입이 근로자의 정신 건강의 변화에 대한 종단적 연구는 거의 없다. 이 연구는 사업장의 적극적인 개입 여부에 따른 우울, 불안의 유병률 변화를 평가하는 것을 목표로 하였다.
방법
본 연구는 2019년 1월부터 2020년 8월까지 건강검진을 받은 한 사업장의 근로자 1,978명을 대상으로 하였으며, 자기기입식 설문지를 이용하여 우울증, 불안장애를 분류하였다. 이 회사는 1차 대유행 이후 건강검진을 중단하고, 유급휴직 및 재택근무, 자체선별진료소 운영 등의 개입을 실시하였다. 이런 사업장 개입이 근로자의 정신건강에 영향을 미치는지 알아보기 위해 Generalized estimating equation(GEE)을 시행하여 Odds ratio(OR)을 비교하였다.
결과
Pre-intervention group에서 우울증은 총 384명(16.86%)이었으며, 불안장애는 총 507명(22.26%)이었다. Pre-intervention group의 OR를 기준으로 하였을 때, post-intervention group의 우울증 OR는 0.76(0.66-0.87), 불안장애의 OR는 0.73(0.65-0.82)로 감소하였다.
결론
본 연구 결과, 사업장의 개입이 우울, 불안의 감소와 관련이 있다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 사업장 개입 여부에 따른 근로자 정신건강을 개선시키기 위한 기초자료를 제공하며, 향후 사업장 개입에 따른 추가 연구가 필요할 것으로 본다.

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Telecommuting-related health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea: a national population-based cross-sectional study
Seung-Woo Ryoo, Jin-Young Min, Dong-Wook Lee, Baek-Yong Choi, Juho Choi, Ho-Yeon Kim, Kyoung-Bok Min
BMC Public Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Multidimensional typologies of precarious employment and their relationships with mental well-being in Korean wageworkers: A latent class analysis based on the Korean Working Conditions Survey (2020–2021)
Seong-Uk Baek, Jong-Uk Won, Jin-Ha Yoon
Preventive Medicine.2023; 177: 107787. CrossRef

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Distribution of Lung-RADS categories according to job type in a single shipyard workers: Eui Yup Chung, Young Hoo Shin, Young Wook Kim, Jun Seok Son, Chan Woo Kim, Hyoung Ouk Park, Jun Ho Lee, Seung Hyun Park, Sung Joon Woo, Chang Ho Chae; Ann Occup Environ Med 2021;33:e22. Published online June 23, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2021.33.e22

Abstract Abstract in Korean PDF PubReader ePub

Background

Recently, lung cancer screenings based on age and smoking history using low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) have begun in Korea. This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of lung imaging reporting and data system (Lung-RADS) categories in shipyard workers exposed to lung carcinogens such as nickel, chromium, and welding fumes according to job type, to provide basic data regarding indications for LDCT in shipyard workers.

Methods

This study included 6,326 workers from a single shipyard, who underwent health examinations with LDCT between January 2010 and December 2018. Data on age, smoking status and history, medical history, and job type were investigated. The participants were categorized into high-exposure, low-exposure, and non-exposure job groups based on the estimated exposure level of nickel, chromium, and welding fumes according to job type. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to determine the difference between exposure groups in Lung-RADS category ≥ 3 (3, 4A, and 4B).

Results

Out of all participants, 97 (1.5%) participants were classified into Lung-RADS category ≥ 3 and 7 (0.1%) participants were confirmed as lung cancer. The positive predictive value (ratio of diagnosed lung cancer cases to Lung-RADS category ≥ 3) was 7.2%. The hazard ratio (HR) of Lung-RADS category ≥ 3 was 1.451 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.911–2.309) in low-exposure and 1.692 (95% CI: 1.007–2.843) in high-exposure job group. Adjusting for age and pack-years, the HR was statistically significant only in the high-exposure job group (HR: 1.689; 95% CI: 1.004–2.841).

Conclusions

Based on LDCT and Lung-RADS, among male shipyard workers, Lung-RADS category ≥ 3 were significantly higher in the high-exposure job group. Their HR tended to be > 1.0 and was statistically significant in the high-exposure job group. Additional studies should be conducted to establish more elaborate LDCT indications for occupational health examination.

일개 조선소 근로자의 직종간 Lung-RADS 비교
목적
최근 폐암의 조기 발견을 위해 저선량 흉부CT (LDCT)를 이용하기 시작했으며, 국내에서도 연령과 흡연력을 기준으로 한 국가폐암검진이 시작되었다. 니켈, 크롬, 용접흄은 조선소 근로자에서 흔히 노출될 수 있는 폐암 발암물질로 알려져 있으나, 이러한 위험 요인은 아직 폐암 검진의 기준이 되지 못하였다. 이 연구는 LDCT를 이용하여 니켈, 크롬, 용접흄에 노출되는 일개 조선소 근로자들에서 직종과 폐 CT 선별 판독 시스템 (Lung-RADS) 양상을 비교하여, 조선소 근로자의 LDCT 적응증에 대한 기초 자료를 생성하고자 하였다.
방법
2010년 1월부터 2018년 12월까지 건강검진에 참여한 경남지역 조선소 근로자 6,326명이 연구에 참여했다. 문진과 자기기입식 설문지를 이용하여 연령, 흡연력, 과거력, 직종 등을 확인하여, 직군에 따른 크롬, 니켈, 용접흄의 노출 추정 정도에 따라 고노출 직군, 저노출 직군, 비노출군으로 분류하였다. 그룹 간 Lung-RADS 3 이상인 군에 차이가 있는지 cox 비례위험 회귀분석을 시행하였다. 또한 연령과 갑년을 보정하여 그룹간 hazard ratio (HR)를 비교하였다.
결과
전체 대상자 6,326명 중 Lung-RADS 3 이상인 군은 97명, 폐암으로 확진된 대상자는 7명으로, 양성예측도 (PPV)는 7.2%이였다. Lung-RADS 3 이상에 대하여 직군에 따른 HR은 저노출 직군 1.451 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.911-2.309), 고노출 직군 1.692 (95% CI: 1.007-2.843)으로 나타났다. 연령과 갑년을 보정했을 시 HR은 고노출 직군에서만 유의하게 1.689 (95% CI: 1.004-2.841)로 나타났다.
결론
현행의 폐암검진 방법인 LDCT와 진단기준인 Lung-RADS를 이용하였을 때, 일개 조선소 남성 근로자 중 니켈, 크롬, 용접흄 노출 직군에서 Lung-RADS 3 이상군이 유의하게 많으며, HR이 1.0보다 높은 경향을 보이고, 고노출 직군에서는 유의한 결과를 보였다. 향후 추가적인 연구를 통해 보다 정밀한 근로자 건강검진 상 LDCT 적응증을 만들어야 한다.

Citations

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Artificial intelligence-based graded training of pulmonary nodules for junior radiology residents and medical imaging students
Xiaohong Lyu, Liang Dong, Zhongkai Fan, Yu Sun, Xianglin Zhang, Ning Liu, Dongdong Wang
BMC Medical Education.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The effect of occupational exposure to welding fumes on trachea, bronchus and lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-related Burden of Disease and Injury
Dana Loomis, Angel M. Dzhambov, Natalie C. Momen, Nicholas Chartres, Alexis Descatha, Neela Guha, Seong-Kyu Kang, Alberto Modenese, Rebecca L. Morgan, Seoyeon Ahn, Martha S. Martínez-Silveira, Siyu Zhang, Frank Pega
Environment International.2022; 170: 107565. CrossRef

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The effect of shift work on high sensitivity C-reactive protein level among female workers: Ho Sung Kwak, Hyoung Ouk Park, Young Ouk Kim, Jun Seok Son, Chan Woo Kim, Jun Ho Lee, Young Hoo Shin, Seung Hyun Park, Eui Yup Chung, Chang Ho Chae; Ann Occup Environ Med 2019;31:e5. Published online May 28, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2019.31.e5

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background

This study assessed the association between shift work and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), in female workers in electronics manufacturing services (EMS).

Methods

Female EMS workers who received special medical examinations for workers in Gyeongnam, Korea between January 2017 and December 2017 were enrolled in this study. Their age, marital status, education level, alcohol consumption, smoking habit, regular exercise, quality of sleep, work stress, and depression were investigated, and blood tests were conducted. The t- and χ² tests were conducted to compare the general and biochemical characteristics between daytime and shift worker groups. Age-adjusted partial correlation analysis was performed to examine the linear relationship between hs-CRP level and other risk factors for CVDs. In addition, the difference in hs-CRP levels according to work schedule was analyzed by ANCOVA after adjusting for variables that could affect the hs-CRP level.

Results

Although the average hs-CRP levels did not differ significantly between daytime and shift workers (0.92 ± 1.87 and 1.07 ± 2.20 mg/dL, respectively), shift workers tended to show a higher hs-CRP level (p = 0.067). After adjusting for variables that can affect the hs-CRP level, the estimated average hs-CRP level was significantly higher in shift workers (1.325 ± 0.156 mg/dL) than that in daytime workers (0.652 ± 0.350 mg/dL) (p = 0.003).

Conclusions

The results of this study identified a relationship between shift work and hs-CRP level increase in women. Because multiple studies have reported associations between increased hs-CRP and CVD, follow-up of hs-CRP may help early detection of CVD in shift workers.

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Associations between circadian disruption and cardiometabolic disease risk: A review
Velarie Ansu Baidoo, Kristen L. Knutson
Obesity.2023; 31(3): 615. CrossRef
Sleep Irregularity and Subclinical Markers of Cardiovascular Disease: The Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Kelsie M. Full, Tianyi Huang, Neomi A. Shah, Matthew A. Allison, Erin D. Michos, Daniel A. Duprez, Susan Redline, Pamela L. Lutsey
Journal of the American Heart Association.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Consequences of Shift Work and Night Work: A Literature Review
Isabel Silva, Daniela Costa
Healthcare.2023; 11(10): 1410. CrossRef
Exposure to Radiation During Work Shifts and Working at Night Act as Occupational Stressors Alter Redox and Inflammatory Markers
Sanaa A. El-Benhawy, Rasha A. El-Tahan, Sameh F. Nakhla
Archives of Medical Research.2021; 52(1): 76. CrossRef
Analysis of the relationship between the level of high-sensitive C-reactive protein and the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in young and middle-aged persons
O. A. Polyakova, A. A. Kirichenko, A. I. Kochetkov
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Helena C. Kaltenegger, Linda Becker, Nicolas Rohleder, Dennis Nowak, Matthias Weigl
Systematic Reviews.2020;[Epub] CrossRef

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The Relationship of Serum Vitamin D Levels and the Framingham Risk Score among Male Workers in the Manufacturing Sector: Seung Hyun Park, Young Wook Kim, Chang Ho Chae, Jun Seok Son, Chan Woo Kim, Jae Youn Kim, Ja Hyun Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2012;24(2):115-123. Published online June 30, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2012.24.2.115

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
A growing body of evidence states that vitamin D deficiencies may adversely affect cardiovascular disease, however data from Korean workers are lacking. The purpose of this study was to investigate the vitamin D level of the Korean worker and the relationship between vitamin D levels and the Framingham Risk Score.
METHODS
11,448 male workers who visited a university hospital for health screening between March 2010 and August 2011, were enrolled in the study. We measured their of serum vitamin D(25(OH)D) levels and calculated their Framingham Risk Score.
RESULTS
The mean serum vitamin D(25(OH)D) level of the surveyed workers was 13.03+/-6.47 ng/mL. 12.4% of the total workers had adequate vitamin D levels. It was found that the lower the vitamin D level, the higher the risk of cardiovascular disease. The Framingham Risk Score and vitamin D levels were found to be significantly related (OR=1.39, 95% CI 1.14~1.68) through a multivariate logistic regression analysis.
CONCLUSIONS
87.6% of workers possessed inappropriate vitamin D levels. Management for this high risk group in regards to cardiovascular disease should be included in the evaluation and vitamin D levels should be corrected.

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Association of among alcohol consumption and blood vitamin D and lead concentrations: Based on 2010-2012 Korea national health and nutrition examination survey
Ho-Ki An, Jae-Yong Park, Hee-Jung Yoon
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(1): 498. CrossRef
Vitamin D status and associated occupational factors in Korean wage workers: data from the 5th Korea national health and nutrition examination survey (KNHANES 2010–2012)
Harin Jeong, Sujin Hong, Yunjeong Heo, Hosun Chun, Daeseong Kim, Jongtae Park, Mo-yeol Kang
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2014;[Epub] CrossRef
Correlation between vitamin D and cardiovascular disease predictors in overweight and obese Koreans
Misung Kim, Woori Na, Cheongmin Sohn
Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition.2013; : 167. CrossRef

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A Study of the Results of Sputum Cytology as a Special Health Examination: Jun Hoo Lee, Chang Ho Chae, Young Wook Kim, Jun Seok Son, Ja Hyeon Kim, Seung Hyun Park, Ho Seong Cho; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(2):122-129. Published online June 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.2.122

Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
This study aims investigate the results of sputum cytology, which began its test period from 2009 as a special health examination for individuals whose lungs have been exposed to carcinogens.
METHODS
22,215 cases of sputum results were classified into six categories through Papanicolau classification. The sputum results were analyzed according to age, exposure degree to welding fumes and smoking status. Chi-square tests and logistic regression analysis were used to compare and analyze the associations between sputum results and smoking status, exposure degree and age classifications.
RESULTS
The number of class I cases was 20,784 with a frequency of (93.6%), class II had 1,076 cases (4.8%), class III had 69 cases (0.3%), and the inadequate class had 286 cases (1.3%) and there were no cases in class VI and V. Patients in class III received CT scans of their chest for further evaluation, but no cancer patients were found from that. There were 2.48 times (95% CI 1.12~5.53) more smokers than non-smokers in class III and 1.70 times (95% CI 1.43~2.02) more in class II. The number of ex-smokers was 2.46 times (95% CI 1.01~5.99) larger than the number of non-smokers in class III and 1.28 times (95% CI 1.03~1.60) larger than the number of non-smokers in class II. There were 1.54 times (95% CI 1.28~1.85) more patients from the mid-exposure group than the low exposure group in class II. There were 1.62 times (95% CI 1.31~1.99) more patients from the high-exposure group than the low-exposure group in class II.
CONCLUSIONS
As a screening test for lung cancer, the usefulness of sputum cytology is limited. However, the precancerous cells (class II, class III) varied according to welding fume exposure degree and smoking status.

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The Effects of the Frequency of Fish Consumption on the Blood Mercury Levels in Koreans: Chan Woo Kim, Young Wook Kim, Chang Ho Chae, Jun Seok Son, Seung Hyun Park, Jae Chul Koh, Dae Seon Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2010;22(2):114-121. Published online June 30, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2010.22.2.114

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVE: We studied two districts in Korea in order to investigate if the frequency of fish consumption has an effect on the blood mercury levels.
METHODS
This survey was conducted on 164 fishing district residents in Geoje city and 219 agricultural district residents in Changwon city from July to August in 2008. The data on the demographic characteristics, the living environment, lifestyle habits and the frequency of fish consumption was collected by interviewers. We used ANOVA to estimate the particular relevance between the frequency of fish consumption and the blood mercury concentration, and other various factors.
RESULTS
The mean total blood mercury level was 6.54+/-4.01 microgram/L for the total study population. Our results were even higher than that of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (USA) in, 2001~2002 and the German Environmental Survey in, 1998. In this study, there was a significant difference for the frequency of eating fish between the groups. (p<0.01, The level of the groups that ate fish 3 to 4 times per week was significantly higher as compared with the level of the other groups that ate fish 2 to 3 times per month and 1 to 2 times per week, respectively). As the frequency of fish consumption increased, so did the blood mercury concentration.
CONCLUSIONS
We found that the blood mercury concentration increases along with fish consumption and this was statistically significant and this fact reveals that fish consumption is positively related to the blood levels of mercury. Accordingly, we need systematic and periodic research on the general population to prevent mercury poisoning, which can be caused by low-level mercury exposure from dietary intake such as chronic fish consumption.

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Prevalence of Occupational Asthma and Exposure Level of Pharmaceutical Dust of Workers in a Pharmaceutical Company: Sung Soo Oh, Yong Hyu Choi, Eun A Kim, Young Mok Lee, Jae Kil Jang, Jang Jin Yoo, Seung Hyun Park, Soo Young Jung, Tae Kyun Kim, Kyoo Sang Kim, Seong Kyu Kang; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2006;18(2):94-102. Published online June 30, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2006.18.2.94

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
After the investigation of one worker with occupational asthma, we surveyed the prevalence of occupational asthma and the exposure level of pharmaceutical dust of 32 workers in a pharmaceutical company.
METHODS
Thirty-two of the 90 employees participated in the survey which consisted of questionnaire, blood sampling, spirometry and skin prick tests with 8 common allergens as well as 9 antibiotics and 2 enzymes. Various indices of the working environment were also measured. Subjects who had a symptom suggestive of work-related asthma or positive skin prick test were further investigated by PC20 methacholine. Nine subjects who had a PC20 result of 16 mg/ml or less (n=7) or had work-related symptoms and positive skin prick test (n=2) were referred to undergo a specific bronchial provocation test to pharmaceutical dust in an academic allergic disease center.
RESULTS
Eleven of 32 workers (34.4%) had a work-related symptom suggestive of occupational asthma. Ten (31.2%) showed positive skin prick test. 8 (25.0%) had a PC20 result of 16 mg/ml or less (indicative of significant bronchial hyperresponsiveness), and 5 (15.6%) had a positive result on the specific bronchial provocation test. Exposure levels of stuffing, input of raw materials and screening process were relatively high.
CONCLUSIONS
This survey showed that pharmaceutical workers have an increased risk of occupational asthma. Although pharmaceutical factories maintain a relatively good working environment, careful control of respiratory tract exposures, especially during stuffing, input of raw materials and screening process, is important to prevent occupational asthma. Pharmaceutical workers need to undergo regular skin prick and methacholine bronchial provocation tests, as well as asthmatic symptom survey, to ensure the early detection and prevention of occupational asthma.

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Occupational Diseases in Korea
Seong-Kyu Kang, Eun A Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S4. CrossRef

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