Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Min-Seok Kim

9 Articles

Association between exposure to violence, job stress and depressive symptoms among gig economy workers in Korea: Min-Seok Kim, Juyeon Oh, Juho Sim, Byung-Yoon Yun, Jin-Ha Yoon; Ann Occup Environ Med 2023;35:e43. Published online October 30, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2023.35.e43

Abstract Abstract in Korean PDF PubReader ePub

Background

Gig workers, also known as platform workers, are independent workers who are not employed by any particular company. The number of gig economy workers has rapidly increased worldwide in the past decade. There is a dearth of occupational health studies among gig economy workers. We aimed to investigate the association between exposure to violence and job stress in gig economy workers and depressive symptoms.

Methods

A total of 955 individuals (521 gig workers and 434 general workers) participated in this study and variables were measured through self-report questionnaires. Depressive symptoms were evaluated by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 when the score was greater than or equal to 10 points. The odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was calculated using multivariable logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, working hours, education level, exposure to violence and job stress.

Results

19% of gig economy workers reported depressive symptoms, while only 11% of general workers reported the depressive symptoms. In association to depressive symptoms among gig economy workers, the mainly result of odds ratios for depressive symptoms were as follows: 1.81 for workers type, 3.53 for humiliating treatment, 2.65 for sexual harassment, 3.55 for less than three meals per day, 3.69 for feeling too tired to do housework after leaving work.

Conclusions

Gig economic workers are exposed to violence and job stress in the workplace more than general workers, and the proportion of workers reporting depressive symptoms is also high. These factors are associated to depressive symptoms. Furthermore, the gig workers associated between depressive symptoms and exposure to violence, job stress.

한국 긱경제 근로자에서 폭력 및 직무 스트레스 노출과 우울 증상관의 연관성
목적
긱경제 근로자 또는 플랫폼 근로자는 특정 회사에 고용되지 않은 독립적인 근로자들을 말한다. 긱경제는 그 규모가 커지고 있고, 종사하는 근로자들도 많아지고 있으나, 긱경제 노동자들의 산업 보건 연구가 부족한 실정이다. 우리는 긱경제 근로자에서 폭력 노출과 직무 스트레스에 노출되는 것이 우울 증상과 연관성이 있는지 조사하는 것을 목표로 했다.
방법
총 955명(긱 근로자 521명, 일반 근로자 434명)이 본 연구에 참여하였으며, 우울 증상은 PHQ-9(Patient Health Questionnaire-9) 점수가 10점 이상일 때로 평가하였다. 폭력 노출과 직무 스트레스는 자기보고식 설문지를 이용하여 측정하였다. 연령, 성별, 근무시간, 교육수준을 보정한 다변량 로지스틱 회귀분석을 이용하여 Odds Ratio, 95% Confidence Interval를 산출했다.
결과
긱 근로자의 19%가 우울 증상을 보고한 반면, 일반 근로자의 11%만이 우울 증상을 보고했습니다. 긱경제 근로자의 우울상과 관련하여 우울상 Odds ratio의 주요 결과는표3에서 ‘긱경제 근로자’ 1.89, ‘굴욕적 처우 경험’ 3.53, ‘성희롱 경험’ 2.65, ‘하루 세 끼 미만의 식사’ 3.55, ‘퇴근 후 집안일을 하기엔 너무 피곤함’ 3.69로 나타났다.
결론
긱경제 근로자는 일반 근로자에 비해 직장 내 폭력과 직무스트레스에 더 많이 노출되고, 우울 증상을 호소하는 근로자의 비율도 높다. 이러한 요인은 우울 증상과 관련이 있다. 더욱이, 긱경제 근로자들은 우울 증상과 폭력 노출, 직업 스트레스와 관련이 있다.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Higher anxiety level and associated work-related factors of delivery workers in South Korea: from the 6th Korean working conditions survey
Sungjin Park, June-Hee Lee
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between precarious employment and the onset of depressive symptoms in men and women: a 13-year longitudinal analysis in Korea (2009–2022)
Seong-Uk Baek, Jong-Uk Won, Yu-Min Lee, Jin-Ha Yoon
Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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Mental health symptoms among dependent contractors in Korea: a cross-sectional study based on the Fifth Korean Working Condition Survey: Seong-Uk Baek, Sung-Shil Lim, Sehyun Yun, Won-Tae Lee, Min-Seok Kim, Jin-Ha Yoon, Jong-Uk Won; Ann Occup Environ Med 2022;34:e1. Published online February 10, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2022.34.e1

Abstract Abstract in Korean PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background

Recently, there has been a call to improve the holistic welfare of dependent contractors (DCs). Thus, our study examined the relationship between DCs and mental health symptoms and how this relationship was modified by age, sex, and income status of workers.

Methods

A total of 27,980 workers from the Fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey are included in our study. The participants who reported having depression or anxiety over the last 12 months are defined those who had mental health symptoms. We performed exact matching for age group and sex, followed by conditional logistic regression with survey weights. Finally, stratified analyses by age, sex and income level were conducted.

Results

DCs were found to be at increased risk of depression/anxiety compared to other workers. The odds ratio (OR) is 1.52 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06–2.17). In the stratified analyses, vulnerable groups were middle-aged (OR [95% CI]: 1.68 [1.10–2.54]), female (OR [95% CI]: 1.85 [1.20–2.84]), and low-income (OR [95% CI]: 3.18 [1.77–5.73]) workers.

Conclusions

Our study's results reinforce those of other studies that show that DCs are at greater risk of experiencing mental health issues than other workers and that and this risk is greater for middle-aged, female, and low-income workers. These results suggest that appropriate policy efforts should be made to improve the psychological well-being of DCs.

한국의 특수형태근로종사자의 정신건강증상: 제5차 한국근로실태조사에 근거한 단면 연구
목적
최근 특수형태근로종사자의 법적 지위와 근로환경에 대한 사회적 관심이 증가하고 있다. 우리의 연구 목표는 특수형태근로종사자와 정신 건강 증상 사이의 관계를 조사하며,이 관계가 근로자의 연령, 성별 및 소득수준에 따라 구분된 층화 그룹에 따라 어떻게 변화되는지를 조사하는 것이다.
방법
본 연구에는 제5차 한국 근로 환경 조사의 총 27,980명의 임금근로자가 포함되었다. 정신건강증상을 가진 근로자는 지난 12개월 이내 우울증 혹은 불안감으로 인한 건강장애를 경험했다고 대답한 근로자로 정의되었다. 참여 근로자를 연령 그룹과 성별에 따라 매칭하였으며, 설문 조사 가중치를 사용한 조건부 로지스틱 회귀를 수행하여 분석하였다. 연령, 성별, 소득수준에 따라 그룹별로 층화분석이 추가적으로 진행되었다.
결과
특수형태근로종사자로서의 지위는 정신 건강 증상의 위험 증가와 관련이 있었다 (오즈비 1.52, 95% 신뢰구간: 1.06-2.17). 층화분석에서 취약 그룹은 40대와 50대의 중년 (오즈비 1.68, 95% 신뢰구간: 1.10-2.54), 여성 (오즈비 1.85, 95% 신뢰구간: 1.20-2.84) 및 저소득층 (오즈비 3.18, 95% 신뢰구간: 1.77-5.73)에 속하는 근로자로 분석되었다.
결론
우리의 연구는 특수형태근로자로서 일하는 것이 그 자체로 불안감이나 우울감과 관련이 있다는 이전 연구 결과를 재확인하였다. 또한 중장년층, 여성, 저소득층에서 그 영향이 더 크다는 사실도 처음으로 밝혀냈다. 본 연구는 특수형태근로종사자의 정신 건강을 보호하기 위한 적절한 정책적 노력이 필요함을 시사한다.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Association between precarious employment and the onset of depressive symptoms in men and women: a 13-year longitudinal analysis in Korea (2009–2022)
Seong-Uk Baek, Jong-Uk Won, Yu-Min Lee, Jin-Ha Yoon
Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Temporary Employment Is Associated with Poor Dietary Quality in Middle-Aged Workers in Korea: A Nationwide Study Based on the Korean Healthy Eating Index, 2013–2021
Seong-Uk Baek, Myeong-Hun Lim, Yu-Min Lee, Jong-Uk Won, Jin-Ha Yoon
Nutrients.2024; 16(10): 1482. CrossRef
Association of precarious employment with depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation among female workers: Findings from a nationwide longitudinal study in Korea
Seong-Uk Baek, Yu-Min Lee, Jin-Ha Yoon
Journal of Affective Disorders.2024; 351: 931. CrossRef
Characteristics and Socio-Demographic Distribution of Precarious Employment Among Korean Wage Workers: A Proposition of Multidimensional Approach Using a Summative Score
Seong-Uk Baek, Min-Seok Kim, Myeong-Hun Lim, Taeyeon Kim, Jin-Ha Yoon, Jong-Uk Won
Safety and Health at Work.2023; 14(4): 476. CrossRef

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Analyzing decline in quality of life by examining employment status changes of occupationally injured workers post medical care: Won-Tae Lee, Sung-Shil Lim, Min-Seok Kim, Seong-Uk Baek, Jin-Ha Yoon, Jong-Uk Won; Ann Occup Environ Med 2022;34:e17. Published online July 18, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2022.34.e17

Abstract Abstract in Korean PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background

This study aimed to investigate the decline in quality of life (QOL) by examining changes in the employment status of workers who had completed medical treatment after an industrial accident.

Methods

This study utilized the Panel Study of Worker’s Compensation Insurance cohort (published in October 2020) containing a sample survey of 3,294 occupationally injured workers who completed medical care in 2017. We divided this population into four groups according to changes in working status. A multivariate logistic regression model was utilized for evaluating QOL decline by adjusting for the basic characteristics and working environment at the time of accident. Subgroup analysis evaluated whether QOL decline differed according to disability grade and industry group.

Results

The QOL decline in the “maintained employment,” “employed to unemployed,” “remained unemployed,” and “unemployed to employed” groups were 15.3%, 28.1%, 20.2%, and 11.9%, respectively. The “maintained employment” group provided a reference. As a result of adjusting for the socioeconomic status and working environment, the odds ratios (ORs) of QOL decline for the “employed to unemployed” group and the “remained unemployed” group were 2.13 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.51–3.01) and 1.47 (95% CI, 1.13–1.90), respectively. The “unemployed to employed” group had a non-significant OR of 0.76 (95% CI, 0.54–1.07).

Conclusions

This study revealed that continuous unemployment or unstable employment negatively affected industrially injured workers’ QOL. Policy researchers and relevant ministries should further develop and improve “return to work” programs that could maintain decent employment avenues within the workers’ compensation system.

한국 산업재해 근로자의 요양 종료 후 고용상태의 변화와 삶의 질 저하와의 관계 분석
목적
산업재해 근로자의 요양 이후 직업 복귀와 삶의 질에 대한 사안은 이전부터 큰 사회적 관심사였다. 하지만 요양 종결 이후의 경제활동상태의 종적인 변화와 삶의 질과 연관시킨 연구는 거의 없다. 본 연구는 산업재해 후 요양을 마친 근로자의 고용상태 변화를 조사하여 삶의 질(QOL) 저하를 조사하는 것을 목적으로 하였다.
방법
본 연구는 2017년에 요양을 마친 3,294명의 산업재해 근로자를 대상으로 한 산재보험패널조사의 자료를 활용하였다. 우리는 이 산재노동자 인구를 근로 상태의 변화에 따라 ”고용 상태 유지”, ”고용에서 미취업 상태”, ”미취업 상태 유지” 및 ”미취업에서 고용 상태”의 4개 그룹으로 나누었다. 다변량 로지스틱 회귀모형은 기본 특성과 산업재해 당시의 작업환경을 보정하여 삶의 질 저하를 평가하는데 활용하였다. 하위집단 분석은 장애등급과 산업군에 따라 삶의 질 저하가 다른 지를 평가하였다.
결과
“고용 상태 유지”, ”고용에서 미취업 상태”, ”미취업 상태 유지” 및 ”미취업에서 고용 상태” 그룹의 삶의 질 감소 비율은 각각 15.3%, 28.1%, 20.2%, 그리고 11.9%이었다. 고용 상태를 유지한 그룹을 기준으로 하였을 때 사회경제적 상태와 근로환경을 보정한 결과 “고용에서 미취업 상태” 집단과 “미취업 상태 유지” 집단의 삶의 질 하락의 오즈비는 2.13 (95% 신뢰구간: 1.51–3.01)과 1.47로 분석되었다. (95% 신뢰구간: 1.13–1.90). "미취업에서 고용 상태" 그룹은 유의하지 않은 오즈비 0.76(95% 신뢰구간: 0.54–1.07)을 가졌다.
결론
본 연구에서는 지속적인 실업과 불안정한 고용이 산업재해 근로자의 삶의 질에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 높은 장해등급, 건설업종의 경우 위험성이 더 높다. 정책 연구자와 관련 부처는 산업재해 보상 시스템 내에서 적절한 고용 수단을 유지할 수 있는 프로그램의 개발 노력이 필요함을 시사한다.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Work Performance Among Workers without Disabilities after Industrial Accidents: A Longitudinal Study
Chong Min Hong
The Open Public Health Journal.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Self-Esteem Trajectories After Occupational Injuries and Diseases and Their Relation to Changes in Subjective Health: Result From the Panel Study of Workers’ Compensation Insurance (PSWCI)
Seong-Uk Baek, Won-Tae Lee, Min-Seok Kim, Myeong-Hun Lim, Jin-Ha Yoon, Jong-Uk Won
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Macro Aspect of Quality of Life Can Be Affected by Occupational Accidents, a Macro Vision for Managers
Farahnaz Khajehnasiri, Vida Zaroushani
Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology.2023; 12(3): 130. CrossRef
Prevalence and Consequences of Verbal Aggression among Bank Workers: A Survey into an Italian Banking Institution
Daniela Acquadro Maran, Antonella Varetto, Cristina Civilotti, Nicola Magnavita
Administrative Sciences.2022; 12(3): 78. CrossRef

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The effect of job insecurity, employment type and monthly income on depressive symptom: analysis of Korean Longitudinal Study on Aging data: Myeong-Hun Lim, Jong-Uk Won, Won-Tae Lee, Min-Seok Kim, Seong-Uk Baek, Jin-Ha Yoon; Ann Occup Environ Med 2022;34:e24. Published online September 13, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2022.34.e24

Abstract Abstract in Korean PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background

In modern society, depression is serious issue that causes socioeconomic and family burden. To decrease the incidence of depression, risk factors should be identified and managed. Among many risk factors for depression, this study examined socioeconomic risk factors for depression.

Methods

We utilized first (2006), second (2008), and third (2010)-wave data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA). Depressive symptom was measured with the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, Short Form (CES-D-10) in the survey in 2008 and 2010. Three risk factors including job security, employment type and monthly income were measured in the survey in 2006. The association between risk factors and depressive symptom was analyzed by Cox proportional-hazard model.

Results

We analyzed data from 1,105 workers and hazard ratios (HRs) for 3 risk factors were significant entirely. In addition, regular worker with high income group is the most vulnerable group of poor job insecurity on depression among male workers (HR: 1.73; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07–2.81). Finally, HRs for 7 groups who had at least 1 risk factor had higher HRs compared to groups who had no risk factors after stratifying 3 risk factors. In the analysis, significantly vulnerable groups were total 5 groups and the group who had highest HR was temporary/daily workers with poor job security (HR: 2.51; 95% CI: 1.36–4.64). The results concerning women, regardless of job type, were non-significant.

Conclusions

This study presented one or more risk factors among poor job security, low income, temporary/daily employment type increase hazard for depressive symptom in 2 or 4 years after the exposure. These results inform policy to screen for and protect against the risk of depression in vulnerable groups.

직업 안정성, 고용 형태, 월 소득이 우울 증상에 미치는 영향 : 고령화연구 패널조사 분석을 중심으로
목적
우울증은 전세계적으로 사회경제적 부담을 유발하는 심각한 문제로 받아들여지고 있으며 우울증의 위험요인으로는 유전적, 기질적, 환경적, 사회경제적 요인들이 알려져 있으나, 최근 코로나바이러스 감염증-19로 인한 월 소득의 감소, 직업 불안정성을 포함한 사회경제적 요인이 중요하게 다루어지고 있다. 우울증을 스크리닝하기 위한 고위험군을 선정하기 위하여 본 연구에서는 전향적 코호트 내에서 직업 안정성, 고용 형태, 월 소득을 기준으로 8가지 그룹을 나누어 각 그룹의 우울 증상 발생 위험도를 분석하고자 한다.
방법
본 연구는 전향적 코호트 연구인 제 1, 2, 3차 고령화연구패널조사 결과를 분석하였다. 2, 3차 조사에서 적어도 한 번 이상 CES-D-10 점수가 4점 이상인 경우, 우울 증상이 발생하였다고 판단하였으며, 1차 조사에서 응답한 직업 안정성 여부, 고용 형태, 월 소득의 영향을 분석하였다. 분석에는 Cox proportional-hazard regression model이 사용되었으며, 나이, 학력, 월 근무시간, 흡연 및 음주 과거력, 직무 스트레스가 보정 변수로 사용되었다.
결과
먼저, 남성 근로자에서 직업 불안정성, 임시직/일용직 근로자, 낮은 월 소득을 위험요인으로 갖는 경우, 그렇지 않은 경우보다 우울 증상의 위험도가 유의하게 증가하였다. 두 번째로, 남성 근로자에서 월 소득, 고용 형태에 따라 4개의 그룹을 나누어 각 그룹에서 직업 불안정성의 영향을 분석하였으며, 월 소득이 높은 상용직 근로자 그룹에서만 유의한 결과를 보였다. 세 번째로, 직업 안정성, 월 소득, 고용 형태를 기준으로 8개의 그룹을 나누어 각각의 우울 증상의 위험도를 분석하였다. 남성과 여성 근로자에 대하여 각각 분석하였으며, 상용직, 높은 월 소득, 높은 직업 안정성을 가진 근로자를 기준 그룹으로 선정한 후, 위험도 분석을 진행하였다. 세 가지 위험 요소 중, 낮은 직업 안정성만을 위험 요소로 갖는 그룹 (HR [95% CI]: 1.66 [1.05-2.61]), 낮은 직업 안정성과 낮은 월 소득을 갖는 그룹 (HR [95% CI]: 1.76 [1.19-2.61]), 낮은 직업 안정성과 임시직/일용직 근로자를 갖는 그룹 (HR [95% CI]: 2.51 [1.36-4.64]), 낮은 월 소득과 임시직/일용직 근로자를 갖는 그룹(HR [95% CI]: 1.81 [1.02-3.22]) 세 가지 위험 요소를 모두 갖는 그룹 (HR [95% CI]: 2.27 [1.57-3.27])에서 우울 증상의 위험도 증가가 유의하게 나타났다. 세 가지 분석 모두에서 여성 근로자의 경우, 유의미한 결과를 보이지 않았다.
결론
본 연구에서는 직업 불안정성, 임시직/일용직 고용 형태, 낮은 임금에 노출된 경우, 노출 후 2년과 4년 중 1회 이상 우울 증상 발생 위험도가 유의하게 증가한다는 결과를 도출하였다. 본 연구에서 우울 증상에 대한 위험요인이 많은 근로자일수록 우울 증상에 대한 위험도가 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 예외적으로, 임시직/일용직 근로자의 경우, 높은 월 소득의 근로자가 낮은 근로자보다 위험도가 높았다. 마지막으로 월 소득과 고용 형태를 기준으로 그룹을 나누었을 때, 직업 안정성에 의한 위험도 증가가 가장 큰 그룹은 상용직 근로자 중 월 소득이 높은 경우였다. 위 결과를 바탕으로 1개 이상의 위험요인을 갖는 고위험군을 대상으로 우울증에 대한 스크리닝 검사를 2년 간격으로 실시하는 것과 모든 근로자를 대상으로 직업 안정성에 대한 자가 조사가 필요하다는 것을 제안하였다.

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The association between effort-reward imbalance, work-life balance and depressive mood in Korean wage workers: The 4th Korean Working Conditions Survey: Hyun-mook Lim, Cham-jin Park, Ji-hoo Yook, Min-seok Kim, Ho-yeon Kim, Yun-Chul Hong; Ann Occup Environ Med 2021;33:e2. Published online January 25, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2021.33.e2

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Background

This study was conducted to determine the association between work-life (WL) balance, effort-reward (ER) imbalance, and depressive mood in Korean wage workers when 2 models were considered simultaneously.

Methods

We analyzed 26,014 Korean workers including 13,471 men and 12,543 women from the 4th Korean Working Conditions Survey data. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the association between WL, ER status, and the depressive mood of Korean workers. We classified the subjects into a total of 4 groups as follows. Group 1: WL and ER status are both “balanced”, group 2: WL status is “imbalanced” and ER status is “balanced”, group 3: WL status is “balanced” and the ER status is “imbalanced”, group 4: WL and ER status are both “imbalanced.”

Results

We found significantly increased odds ratios (ORs) for depressive mood in groups 2, 3, and 4 compared with group 1 after adjusting for the general and occupational characteristics of the subjects in both men and women. We also found that the trend of ORs increased gradually from groups 2 to 4 compared with group 1 in both men and women; group 2: OR: 1.23 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12–1.35), group 3: OR: 1.40 (95% CI: 1.27–1.55), group 4: OR: 1.99 (95% CI: 1.74–2.28) compared with group 1 in men; group 2: OR: 1.28 (95% CI: 1.15–1.42), group 3: OR: 1.45 (95% CI: 1.31–1.59), group 4: OR: 2.04 (95% CI: 1.76–2.36) compared with group 1 in women.

Conclusions

As a result, we found the association between imbalanced WL, ER status, and depressive mood in Korean workers using 2 models simultaneously. It is important to provide a balanced WL and ER condition to improve the mental health of workers.

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The association between quality of direct supervisor's behavior and depressive mood in Korean wage workers: the 4th Korean Working Conditions Survey: Cham-Jin Park, Ji-Hoo Yook, Min-Seok Kim, Dongwook Lee, Hyun-Mook Lim, Yun-Chul Hong; Ann Occup Environ Med 2019;31:e16. Published online August 7, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2019.31.e16

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background

Workers spend most of their social lives at work and have relationships of varying nature with people in the workplace. Direct supervisors, in particular, have a direct and lasting impact on workers, which may influence workers' mental health. Depression is very prevalent worldwide, and social concern about the disease is on the rise. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of direct supervisors' behavior on the depressive mood of Korean wage workers.

Methods

We used data from the 4th Korean Working Conditions Survey held in 2014; 22,212 participants were included in the analysis. The quality of a direct supervisor's behavior was categorized from 0 (= lowest) to 5 (= highest) points. The degree of depressive mood was measured on a scale from “normal mood” to “likely depression” based on the 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5) questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the association between the quality of the direct supervisor's behavior and the depressive mood of wage workers.

Results

After multivariable adjustment, significantly increased odds ratio (OR) for likely depression was found in the 4, 3, 2, 1, and 0 points of the quality of the direct supervisor's behavior compared to 5 points. After stratification for the level of satisfaction with working conditions, the OR of the unsatisfied groups was higher than that of the satisfied groups.

Conclusions

Likely depression was found to be significantly associated with a low quality of direct supervisor's behavior. This association was stronger in workers who were not satisfied with their working conditions. This study suggests that proper management of the direct supervisor's behavior is needed to reduce the risk of depression among Korean wage workers.

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Cardiovascular disease risk differences between bus company employees and general workers according to the Korean National Health Insurance Data: Ji-Hoo Yook, Dong-Wook Lee, Min-Seok Kim, Yun-Chul Hong; Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:32. Published online May 8, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0242-z

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background

Bus drivers are known to be highly at risk of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we assessed the cardiovascular disease prevalence of bus company employees in Seoul, South Korea, and compared the results to those of general workers.

Methods

We analyzed the 2014 Korean National Health Insurance (NHI) data and defined hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, ischemic heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease based on the KCD-6 medical diagnoses. We used bus company employees as surrogate participants of bus drivers due to the characteristics of Korean NHI data. We identified bus company employees in Seoul based on one’s workplace which the insurance is registered. The prevalence of five diseases was compared between the bus company employees and general workers. We also calculated the odds ratios (OR) of five diseases between the bus company employees and general workers. To compensate the vast demographical differences between the two groups, we performed propensity score matching.

Results

Bus company employees have higher OR for having hypertension (OR 1.33, 95% CI: 1.28–1.39), diabetes mellitus (1.14, 95% CI: 1.08–1.22), and dyslipidemia (1.23, 95% CI: 1.17–1.29) than the general workers or propensity score matched controls. However, the OR of having ischemic heart disease were not significant. The OR of cerebrovascular disease were lower in bus company employees than in the general workers after adjusting the covariates, but similar in the propensity score matched model.

Conclusion

This study showed that the ORs of cardiovascular disease risk factors are high in bus company employees when compared to the general working population. Further studies with the longitudinal design should be conducted to confirm the causal association.

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Mental disorders among workers in the healthcare industry: 2014 national health insurance data: Min-Seok Kim, Taeshik Kim, Dongwook Lee, Ji-hoo Yook, Yun-Chul Hong, Seung-Yup Lee, Jin-Ha Yoon, Mo-Yeol Kang; Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:31. Published online May 3, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0244-x

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Background

Numerous studies have shown that healthcare professionals are exposed to psychological distress. However, since most of these studies assessed psychological distress using self-reporting questionnaires, the magnitude of the problem is largely unknown. We evaluated the risks of mood disorders, anxiety disorders, sleep disorders, and any psychiatric disorders in workers in healthcare industry using Korea National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data from 2014, which are based on actual diagnoses instead of self-evaluation.

Methods

We used Korea 2014 NHI claims data and classified employees as workers in the healthcare industry, based on companies in the NHI database that were registered with hospitals, clinics, public healthcare, and other medical services. To estimate the standardized prevalence of the selected mental health disorders, we calculated the prevalence of diseases in each age group and sex using the age distribution of the Korea population. To compare the risk of selected mental disorders among workers in the healthcare industry with those in other industries, we considered age, sex, and income quartile characteristics and conducted propensity scored matching.

Results

In the matching study, workers in healthcare industry had higher odds ratios for mood disorders (1.13, 95% CI: 1.11–1.15), anxiety disorders (1.15, 95% CI: 1.13–1.17), sleep disorders (2.21, 95% CI: 2.18–2.24), and any psychiatric disorders (1.44, 95% CI: 1.43–1.46) than the reference group did. Among workers in healthcare industry, females had higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders than males, but the odds ratios for psychiatric disorders, compared to the reference group, were higher in male workers in healthcare industry than in females.

Conclusions

The prevalence of mood disorders, anxiety disorders, sleep disorders, and all psychiatric disorders for workers in the healthcare industry was higher than that of other Korean workers. The strikingly high prevalence of sleep disorders could be related to the frequent night-shifts in these professions. The high prevalence of mental health problems among workers in healthcare industry is alarming and requires prompt action to protect the health of the “protectors.”

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The effect of long working hours on 10-year risk of coronary heart disease and stroke in the Korean population: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), 2007 to 2013: Dong-Wook Lee, Yun-Chul Hong, Kyoung-Bok Min, Tae-Shik Kim, Min-Seok Kim, Mo-Yeol Kang; Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:64. Published online November 15, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0149-5

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background

Recently, the emergence of long working hours and the associated conditions such as coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke have gained attention. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between long working hours and the 10-year-risk of CHD and stroke, estimated by Jee’s health risk-appraisal model for ischemic heart disease.

Methods

We analyzed data from Koreans who randomly enrolled in Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–2012 and finally included 13,799 participants. The participants were classified as per their working hours: 0–30 h/week, 31–39 h/week, 40 h/week, 41–50 h/week, 51–60 h/week, 61–70 h/week, 71–80 h/week, and >80 h/week. The risks for CHD and stroke were determined using Jee’s health risk-appraisal model. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the association between working hours and 10-year risk for CHD.

Results

The 10-year risks for CHD and stroke were significantly and positively associated with working hours in both men and women. Furthermore, higher risks for CHD and stroke were associated with longer working hours in women.

Conclusion

Long working hours are significantly associated with the risks of CHD and stroke, estimated by Jee’s health risk-appraisal model. This study suggests the need for proper management of working hours to reduce CHD risk and stroke risk in the Korean population.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40557-016-0149-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

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