Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Han Soo Song

14 Articles

Work-related factors of knee osteoarthritis in Korean farmers: a cross-sectional study: Han Soo Song, Dong Hwi Kim, Gwang Chul Lee, Kweon Young Kim, So Yeon Ryu, Chul Gab Lee; Ann Occup Environ Med 2020;32:e37. Published online November 13, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e37

Background

Several studies have reported a high prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee among agricultural workers. We investigated work-related factors that increase the risk of knee OA among Korean farmers.

Methods

Data were extracted from the Jeonnam Center for Farmer's Safety and Health survey, conducted between 2013 and 2015. The sample included 489 farmers (man 240, woman 249). We defined knee OA as radiographic knee OA (≥ Kellgren-Lawrence grade 2) with symptoms (≥ Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis, Korean version score 29.5). We considered covariates such as cumulative squatting working time (CSWT), cumulative heavy lifting working time (CLWT), body mass index (BMI), and history of knee injury. Odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for knee OA and adjusted for relevant covariates.

Results

The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that knee OA was correlated by factors such as sex, age, BMI, history of knee injury, CSWT, and CLWT. Particularly, CSWT > 20,000 hours (OR: 2.83; 95% CI: 1.35–5.92; reference < 10,000 hours) and CLWT > 5,000 hours (OR: 2.62; 95% CI: 1.14–6.06; reference < 2,000 hours) were associated with an increased risk of knee OA after adjustment for covariates.

Conclusions

Squatting posture and heavy lifting associated with farm work might increase the risk of knee OA among Korean farmers.

Citations

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Radiographic Knee Osteoarthritis Is a Risk Factor for the Development of Dementia: Locomotive Syndrome and Health Outcomes in the Aizu Cohort Study
Yuji Endo, Hiroshi Kobayashi, Kazuyuki Watanabe, Koji Otani, Kenichi Otoshi, Hironori Numazaki, Miho Sekiguchi, Mari Sato, Takuya Nikaido, Rei Ono, Shin-ichi Konno, Yoshihiro Matsumoto
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(16): 4956. CrossRef
Effect of non-surgical interventions on pain relief and symptom improvement in farmers with diseases of the musculoskeletal system or connective tissue: an exploratory systematic review based on randomized controlled trials
Hiroharu Kamioka, Hiroyasu Okuizumi, Shuichi Handa, Jun Kitayuguchi, Reiko Machida
Journal of Rural Medicine.2022; 17(1): 1. CrossRef
The Influence of Obesity on Pain and Function in Knee Osteoarthritis: Comparison of Body Mass Index With Seven Knee Function Scales and Two Pain Scales
Deniz Gurler
Cureus.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

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Evaluation of the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms, presumptive diagnosis, medical care use, and sick leave among female school meal service workers: Young Hoon Moon, Young Joon Yang, Sang Yoon Do, Jae Yoon Kim, Chul Gab Lee, Hong Jae Chae, Soo Hyeon Kim, Han Soo Song; Ann Occup Environ Med 2019;31:1. Published online January 15, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-019-0281-0

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Background

Most of the school meal service workers in Korea are middle-aged individuals. They have high workload, which increases their incidence of musculoskeletal disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of subjective musculoskeletal symptoms, presumptive diagnosis, medical care use, and sick leave among female school meal workers.

Methods

We analyzed the results of musculoskeletal disease screening of 1581 female school meal workers. The screening consisted of self-administered questionnaire, history taking by occupational physicians, and physical examination. The prevalence of subjective musculoskeletal symptoms, presumptive diagnosis after initial examination by occupational physicians, use of medical care for more than 7 days, and sick leave due to musculoskeletal diseases during the past year were evaluated in this study. The relative risk of four outcome indicators of musculoskeletal disorders was compared with respect to potential factors, such as age, subjective physical loading, present illness, injury experience, and type of school, using log-binomial regression.

Results

The prevalence of subjective musculoskeletal symptom was 79.6%; presumptive diagnosis, 47.6%; hospital visits over 7 days, 36.4%; and sick leave, 7.3%. The relative risk of musculoskeletal symptoms by age (≥50 years vs < 50 years) was 1.04 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00–1.09); presumptive diagnosis of musculoskeletal disease, 1.17 (95% CI: 1.06–1.30); hospital visits over 7 days, 1.26 (95% CI: 0.85–1.85); and sick leave, 1.17 (95% CI: 1.02–1.34). The relative risk of musculoskeletal symptoms due to subjective physical loading (very hard vs low) was 1.45 (95% CI: 1.33–1.58); presumptive diagnosis, 2.92 (95% CI: 2.25); hospital visits over 7 days, 1.91 (95% CI: 1.02–3.59); and sick leave, 2.11 (95% CI: 1.63–2.74).

Conclusions

Subjective physical loading was a more important factor in musculoskeletal disorders than the age of female school meal workers.

Citations

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Epidemiology of work-related injuries, musculoskeletal disorders and dermatitis among hospital food service workers in a tertiary hospital in Asia
Kenneth Bao Ren Leong, Qin Xiang Ng, Wee Hoe Gan, Wee Tong Ng, John Wah Lim
Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Shoulder pain prevalence by age and within occupational groups: a systematic review
Christopher J. Hodgetts, Charlotte Leboeuf-Yde, Amber Beynon, Bruce F. Walker
Archives of Physiotherapy.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between carpal tunnel syndrome and trigger finger: a clinical and electrophysiological study
Emmanuel Kamal Aziz Saba
Egyptian Rheumatology and Rehabilitation.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence and Risk-Factors of Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Provincial High School Teachers in the Philippines
Lito M AMIT, Gerald T MALABARBAS
Journal of UOEH.2020; 42(2): 151. CrossRef

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Effects of work-related factors on self-reported smoking among female workers in call centers: a cross-sectional study: Young Joon Yang, Young Hoon Moon, Sang Yoon Do, Chul Gab Lee, Han Soo Song; Ann Occup Environ Med 2019;31:4. Published online February 12, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-019-0286-8

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Objectives

This study conducted to investigate work-related factors in relation to smoking among women working in call centers in Gwangju, South Korea.

Methods

From 56 call centers (7320 employees), we selected 10 and conducted a survey using a structured questionnaire by randomly selecting 10% of workers from each center. A total of 387 subjects participated in this survey We analyzed for 375 respondents, after excluding men and those with missing responses. We analyzed the relationships of work-related factors such as emotional labor, workplace violence, employment type, annual salary, working hours, employment period with smoking, using multiple logistic regression analysis. Emotional labor and workplace violence were measured using the Korean Emotional Labor Scale (K-ELS) and Korean Workplace Violence Scale (K-WVS).

Results

The prevalence of current smoking among call center female workers was 13.6%. Univariate analysis showed that “Emotional disharmony and hurt”, “Experience of psychological and sexual violence from supervisors and co-workers” among items of K-ELS and K-WVS, working hours, annual salary correlated with smoking. After adjusting for emotional labor, workplace violence, employment type, annual salary, working hours, employment period, and age, only working hours show a significant association with smoking. Women who worked 40–49 h had 3.50 times (95% CI = 1.04–11.80) and worked more than 50 h had 8.68 times (95% CI = 1.89–39.78) greater odds of smoking as compared with women who worked less than 40 h.

Conclusions

Smoking was associated with working hours among female workers in call center. However, emotional labor and workplace violence did not show significant relationships with smoking.

Citations

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Smoking in the workplace: A study of female call center employees in South Korea
Hyunjin Oh, Sunjoo Boo, Petri Böckerman
PLOS ONE.2022; 17(7): e0267685. CrossRef
Workplace Violence Against Chinese Frontline Clinicians During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Associations With Demographic and Clinical Characteristics and Quality of Life: A Structural Equation Modeling Investigation
Yuan Yang, Yue Li, Ying An, Yan-Jie Zhao, Ling Zhang, Teris Cheung, Brian J. Hall, Gabor S. Ungvari, Feng-Rong An, Yu-Tao Xiang
Frontiers in Psychiatry.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

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Systemic sclerosis due to crystalline silica exposure among jewelry workers in Korea: two case reports: Jae Yoon Kim, Sang Yoon Do, Young Hoon Moon, Chul Gab Lee, Yun Sung Kim, Byung Soon Choi, Eun-A Kim, Han Soo Song; Ann Occup Environ Med 2017;29:18. Published online June 19, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-017-0176-x

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Background

Occupational exposure to crystalline silica is a potential risk factor for various systemic autoimmune diseases including systemic sclerosis. The etiology of systemic sclerosis is not conclusively known, but there are epidemiological studies that show the relationship between exposure to crystalline silica and risk of systemic sclerosis. Here we report, for the first time, two cases of crystalline silica-related systemic sclerosis in patients who worked in crystal processing in the jewelry-manufacturing field.

Case presentation

Case 1 is a 57-year-old man who had worked mainly in crystal processing for multiple jewelry-processing companies for 17 years, since the age of 15 years. He contracted tuberculosis at the age of 25 years and showed Raynaud’s phenomenon of both the hands and feet at age 32 years. Digital cyanosis and sclerosis developed at approximately age 41 years. The patient was diagnosed with systemic sclerosis at age 48 years.

Case 2 is a 52-year-old man who worked in crystal processing for various jewelry-processing companies for 7 years, since the age of 23 years. He first showed signs of cyanosis in the third and fourth digits of both hands at age 32 years, was diagnosed with Raynaud’s syndrome at age 37 years, and was diagnosed with systemic sclerosis at age 38 years.

Crystal processing is a detailed process that involves slabbing and trimming the selected amethyst and quartz crystals, which requires close proximity of the worker’s face with the target area. In the 1980s and 1990s, the working hours were 12 h per day, and the working environment involved 15 workers crowded into a small, 70-m² space with poor ventilation.

Conclusion

Two workers who processed crystals with a maximum crystalline silica content of 56.66% developed systemic sclerosis. Considering the epidemiological and experimental evidence, exposure to crystalline silica dust was an important risk factor for systemic sclerosis. An active intervention is necessary to reduce exposure in similar exposure groups in the field of jewelry processing.

Citations

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Systemic Sclerosis in Males—Deciphering the Enigma of Erasmus Syndrome
Reena K. Sharma, Mudita Gupta
Indian Journal of Dermatology.2024; 69(1): 48. CrossRef
Silikose und systemische Sklerose bei einem Steinmetz
Ulrike Brückner, Elisabeth Bonifer, Joachim Schneider
Zentralblatt für Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie.2023; 73(5): 247. CrossRef
A Pathological Study of Acute Pulmonary Toxicity Induced by Inhaled Kanto Loam Powder
Yoshimi Kobayashi, Akinori Shimada, Takehito Morita, Kenichiro Inoue, Hirohisa Takano
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2018; 19(2): 416. CrossRef
Erasmus syndrome: systemic sclerosis and silicosis co‐occurrence
Zühre Sarı Sürmelİ, Nurdan Oruçoğlu
International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases.2018; 21(6): 1326. CrossRef

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Cases of acute mercury poisoning by mercury vapor exposure during the demolition of a fluorescent lamp factory: Sang Yoon Do, Chul Gab Lee, Jae Yoon Kim, Young Hoon Moon, Min Sung Kim, In Ho Bae, Han Soo Song; Ann Occup Environ Med 2017;29:19. Published online June 20, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-017-0184-x

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Background

In 2015, workers dismantling a fluorescent lamp factory in Korea were affected by mercury poisoning from exposure to mercury vapor.

Case presentation

Eighteen out of the 21 workers who participated in the demolition project presented with symptoms of poisoning and, of these, 10 had persistent symptoms even at 18 months after the initial exposure to mercury vapor. Early symptoms of 18 workers included a general skin rash, pruritus, myalgia, sleep disturbance, and cough and sputum production. Following alleviation of these initial symptoms, late symptoms, such as easy fatigue, insomnia, bad dreams, and anxiety disorder, began to manifest in 10 out of 18 patients. Seven workers underwent psychiatric care owing to sleep disturbance, anxiety disorder, and depression, and three workers underwent dermatologic treatment for hyperpigmentation, erythematous skin eruption, and chloracne-like skin lesions. Furthermore, three workers developed a coarse jerky movement, two had swan neck deformity of the fingers, and two received care at an anesthesiology clinic for paresthesia, such as burning sensation, cold sensation, and pain. Two workers underwent urologic treatment for dysfunction of the urologic system and impotence. However, symptomatic treatment did not result in satisfactory relief of these symptoms.

Conclusion

Awareness of the perils of mercury and prevention of mercury exposure are critical for preventing health hazards caused by mercury vapor. Chelation therapy should be performed promptly following mercury poisoning to minimize damage.

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Exposure to heavy metal elements may significantly increase serum prostate-specific antigen levels with overdosed dietary zinc
Yinyi Fang, Chi Chen, Xiaoyue Chen, Jukun Song, Shuangshuang Feng, Zhuang Li, Zhengnan Li, Yuliang Xiong, Qinyi Zhang, Hao Su, Heng Liu, Guohua Zhu, Bin Hu, Wei Wang, Zhangcheng Liu, Ke Jiao, Chang Zhang, Fan Zhang, Kehua Jiang, Jun He, Zhaolin Sun, Dongb
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety.2024; 272: 116080. CrossRef
Environmental and genetic predictors of whole blood mercury and selenium concentrations in pregnant women in a UK birth cohort
Kyle Dack, Peiyuan Huang, Caroline M Taylor, Dheeraj Rai, Sarah J Lewis
Environmental Advances.2024; 15: 100469. CrossRef
Promising the potential of β-caryophyllene on mercury chloride–induced alteration in cerebellum and spinal cord of young Wistar albino rats
Ahmad Yahyazadeh, Fatih Mehmet Gur
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Genome-Wide Association Study of Blood Mercury in European Pregnant Women and Children
Kyle Dack, Mariona Bustamante, Caroline M. Taylor, Sabrina Llop, Manuel Lozano, Paul Yousefi, Regina Gražulevičienė, Kristine Bjerve Gutzkow, Anne Lise Brantsæter, Dan Mason, Georgia Escaramís, Sarah J. Lewis
Genes.2023; 14(12): 2123. CrossRef
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Nicola L Barlow, Sally M Bradberry
Journal of Clinical Pathology.2023; 76(2): 82. CrossRef
Clinical and Forensic Signs Resulting from Exposure to Heavy Metals and Other Chemical Elements of the Periodic Table
Carolina de Carvalho Machado, Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(7): 2591. CrossRef
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F. Testud, C. Bidaud, M.F. Arquillière, A. Guéry, M. Winnefeld
Archives des Maladies Professionnelles et de l'Environnement.2023; 84(6): 101878. CrossRef
Fluorescent lamps: A review on environmental concerns and current recycling perspectives highlighting Hg and rare earth elements
Laís Nascimento Viana, Ana Paula Senra Soares, Daniel Lima Guimarães, Wendy Johana Sandoval Rojano, Tatiana Dillenburg Saint'Pierre
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering.2022; 10(6): 108915. CrossRef
Mercury Exposure Among Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Miners in Four Regions in Uganda
Mercy Wendy Wanyana, Friday E. Agaba, Deogratias K. Sekimpi, Victoria N. Mukasa, Geoffrey N. Kamese, Nkonge Douglas, John C. Ssempebwa
Journal of Health and Pollution.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Mercury exposure in relation to sleep duration, timing, and fragmentation among adolescents in Mexico City
Erica C. Jansen, Emily C. Hector, Jaclyn M. Goodrich, Alejandra Cantoral, Martha María Téllez Rojo, Niladri Basu, Peter X.K. Song, Libni Torres Olascoaga, Karen E. Peterson
Environmental Research.2020; 191: 110216. CrossRef
Nanosized Copper Selenide for Mercury Removal from Indoor Air and Emergency Disposal of Liquid Mercury Leakage
Shengcai Wang, Jianping Yang, Zequn Yang, Wenbing Zhu, Hailong Li, Jianfei Song, Xueyi Guo
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Muwaffak Al osman, Fei Yang, Isaac Yaw Massey
BioMetals.2019; 32(4): 563. CrossRef

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Emphysema prevalence related air pollution caused by a cement plant: Hyun Seung Lee, Chul Gab Lee, Dong Hun Kim, Han Soo Song, Min Soo Jung, Jae Yoon Kim, Choong Hee Park, Seung Chul Ahn, Seung Do Yu; Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:17. Published online April 7, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0101-8

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Background

To identify adverse pulmonary health effects due to air pollution derived from a cement plant in Korea. The emphysema prevalence in residents around a cement plant was compared to that in the group who live far away from the plant by chest films (PA and lateral view) and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) lung images.

Methods

From June to August in 2013 and from August to November in 2014, chest films and HRCT scan were conducted on residents over the age of 40 who lived around a cement plant. The residents were divided into two groups; a “more exposed group (MEG)” which consisted of 1,046 people who lived within a 1 km radius and a “less exposed group (LEG)” which consisted of 317 people who lived more than 5 km away from the same plant. We compared the emphysema prevalence and estimated the OR of this between the MEG and the LEG by using a chi-square and logistic regression on chest films and HRCT.

Results

The emphysema prevalence was 9.1 % in the LEG, 14.3 % in the MEG on chest films and 11.4 %, 17.8 % on the HRCT, respectively. The OR of the emphysema prevalence in MEG was 2.92 (95 % CI 1.77-4.83) on the chest films, 2.56 (95 % CI 1.64–3.99) on the HRCT after sex, age, body mass index (BMI), smoking history, residency period and firewood used history were adjusted. The OR in the less than 29 pack-years smoking history was 1.66 (95 % CI 0.92–3.06) and in the more than 30 pack-years was 3.05 (95 % CI 1.68–5.52) on the chest films, and was 1.68 (95 % CI 0.98–2.90), 2.93 (95 % CI 1.72–4.98) on the HRCT, respectively.

Conclusion

The emphysema prevalence seems to be affected by the level of exposure to air pollution derived from the cement plant as well as sex, age, BMI, and smoking history in this study. Moreover, the OR of the case of the more exposed to the air pollution was similar to that of the case in smoking.

Citations

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Assessing heavy metal contamination and health risks in playground dust near cement factory: exposure levels in children
Aşkın Birgül
Environmental Geochemistry and Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Residential Proximity to Biorefinery Sources of Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases in New York State
Eun Kyung Lee, Xiaobo Xue Romeiko, Wangjian Zhang, Beth J. Feingold, Haider A. Khwaja, Xuesong Zhang, Shao Lin
Environmental Science & Technology.2021; 55(14): 10035. CrossRef
Space-Borne Monitoring of NOx Emissions from Cement Kilns in South Korea
Hyun Cheol Kim, Changhan Bae, Minah Bae, Okgil Kim, Byeong-Uk Kim, Chul Yoo, Jinsoo Park, Jinsoo Choi, Jae-bum Lee, Barry Lefer, Ariel Stein, Soontae Kim
Atmosphere.2020; 11(8): 881. CrossRef
Planning of cement plants for environmentally friendly production: a fuzzy-weighted stochastic multi-objective model
E. Bakhtavar, R. Lotfian, R. Sadiq, K. Hewage
Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy.2019; 21(10): 2005. CrossRef
Cement plant emissions and health effects in the general population: a systematic review
Elena Raffetti, Michele Treccani, Francesco Donato
Chemosphere.2019; 218: 211. CrossRef
Exposure to Traffic Emissions and Fine Particulate Matter and Computed Tomography Measures of the Lung and Airways
Mary B. Rice, Wenyuan Li, Kirsten S. Dorans, Elissa H. Wilker, Petter Ljungman, Diane R. Gold, Joel Schwartz, Petros Koutrakis, Itai Kloog, Tetsuro Araki, Hiroto Hatabu, Raul San Jose Estepar, George T. O’Connor, Murray A. Mittleman, George R. Washko
Epidemiology.2018; 29(3): 333. CrossRef
Exposure assessment of particulate matter and blood chromium levels in people living near a cement plant
Sung Ho Hwang, Jae Bum Park, Kyung Jong Lee
Environmental Geochemistry and Health.2018; 40(4): 1237. CrossRef
Hexavalent chromium and some trace metals in concrete from buildings of different ages in northern Italy
Eric Costeri, Giovanni Martinelli, Giampaolo Sighinolfi, Lorenzo Tassi, Paolo Zannini
Environmental Earth Sciences.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Air pollution and urinary n-acetyl-B-glucosaminidase levels in residents living near a cement plant
Min Soo Jung, Jae Yoon Kim, Hyun Seung Lee, Chul Gab Lee, Han Soo Song
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2016;[Epub] CrossRef

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Air pollution and urinary n-acetyl-B-glucosaminidase levels in residents living near a cement plant: Min Soo Jung, Jae Yoon Kim, Hyun Seung Lee, Chul Gab Lee, Han Soo Song; Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:52. Published online September 29, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0138-8

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Background

To identify adverse renal effects due to air pollution derived from a cement plant in Korea. Urinary n-acetyl-B-glucosaminidase (U-NAG) levels in residents living near a cement plant were compared to those in a group who lived farther away from the plant.

Methods

From June to August 2013 and from August to November 2014, laboratory tests for U-NAG and heavy metal were conducted on 547 study participants. Based on the level of air pollution exposure, subjects were divided into the “less exposed group,” (LEG) which consisted of 66 persons who lived more than 5 km away from the cement plant, the “more exposed group from the rural area” (MEG-R), which consisted of 272 persons, and the “more exposed group from downtown area” (MEG-D), which consisted of 209 persons who lived within a 1 km radius of the cement plant. U-NAG levels >5.67 U/L were defined as “higher U-NAG” levels. We compared the prevalence of higher U-NAG levels and estimated the adjusted odds ratio (OR) by air pollution exposure using a chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis. Further, we estimated the interaction between air pollution exposure and heavy metal exposure in renal toxicity.

Results

The OR of higher U-NAG levels by MEG-D and MEG-R compared to LEG was 2.13 (95 % CI 0.86–4.96) and 4.79 (95 CI 1.65–10.01), respectively. Urinary cadmium (U-Cd), urinary mercury (U-Hg), age, occupation, hypertension, and diabetes had a significant association with higher U-NAG levels. However, blood lead (B-Pb), sex, and smoking were not associated with higher U-NAG. Especially, concurrent exposure to heavy metals (U-Hg or/and U-Cd) and air pollution had an additive adverse effect. In the group with both 4^th quartile heavy metal exposure (U-Cd or/and U-Hg) and air pollution exposure, the OR in MEG-R and MEG-D was 6.49 (95 % 1.42–29.65) and 8.12 (95 % CI 1.74–37.92), respectively, after adjustment for age, occupation, hypertension, diabetes.

Conclusions

U-NAG levels seem to be affected by air pollution exposure as well as age, hypertension, diabetes, and even low levels of cadmium and low levels of mercury. Moreover, concurrent exposure to heavy metals and air pollution can have additive cytotoxic renal effects.

Citations

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Monu Sharma, Sonu Sharma, Paavan, Mahiti Gupta, Soniya Goyal, Daizee Talukder, Mohd. Sayeed Akhtar, Raman Kumar, Ahmad Umar, Abdulrab Ahmed M. Alkhanjaf, Sotirios Baskoutas
Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering.2023; 22(1): 13. CrossRef
The Validity of Benchmark Dose Limit Analysis for Estimating Permissible Accumulation of Cadmium
Soisungwan Satarug, David A. Vesey, Glenda C. Gobe, Aleksandra Đorđević
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Elena Raffetti, Michele Treccani, Francesco Donato
Chemosphere.2019; 218: 211. CrossRef

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Ventilation impairment of residents around a cement plant: Sul Ha Kim, Chul Gab Lee, Han Soo Song, Hyun Seung Lee, Min Soo Jung, Jae Yoon Kim, Choong Hee Park, Seung Chul Ahn, Seung Do Yu; Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:3. Published online January 24, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-014-0048-6

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Objectives

To identify adverse health effects due to air pollution derived from a cement plant in Korea. The ventilation impairment in residents around a cement plant was compared to another group through a pulmonary function test (PFT).

Methods

From June to August of 2013, both a pre and post-bronchodilator PFT was conducted on a “more exposed group (MEG)” which consisted of 318 people who lived within a 1 km radius of a cement plant and a “less exposed group (LEG)” which consisted of 129 people who lived more than 5 km away from the same plant. The largest forced expiratory volume in a one second (FEV1) reading and a functional residual capacity (FVC) reading were recorded after examining the data from all of the usable curves that were agreed upon as valid by PFT experts of committee of National Institute of Environmental Research. The global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease (GOLD) criteria for COPD, defined the FEV1/FVC ratio < 0.7 as the obstructive type, and the FEV1/FVC ratio ≧ 0.7 and FVC% predicted < 80% were as the restrictive type. The FVC% predicted value was estimated using Korean equation. We compared the proportion of lung function impairments between the MEG and the LEG by using a chi-square, and estimated the OR of obstructive and restrictive ventilation impairments by logistic regression.

Results

The obstructive type impairment proportion was 9.7% in the MEG, whereas it was 8.5% in the LEG. The restrictive type was 21.6% in the MEG which was more than the 12.4% of the LEG. The odds ratio (OR) of total ventilation impairment in the MEG was 2.63 (95% CI 1.50 ~ 4.61) compared to the LEG. The OR of obstructive type in the MEG was 1.60 (95% CI 0.70 ~ 3.65), the smoking history was 3.10 (CI 1.10 ~ 8.66) whereas OR of restrictive type in the MEG was 2.55 (95% CI 1.37 ~ 4.76), the smoking history was 0.75 (95% CI 0.35 ~ 1.60) after adjusting for sex and age. Level of exposure to particulate played a role in both types. However, it appeared to be a significant variable in restrictive type, while smoking history was also an important variable in obstructive type.

Conclusion

Although this study is a limited cross-section study with a small number of subjects, ventilation impairment rate is higher in the MEG. There might be a possibility that it is due to long-term exposure to particulate dust generated by the cement plant.

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A numerical study on airflow and particle transport characteristics of subjects with cement dust exposure
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Exposure effect to cement dust pollution: a mini review
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Cardiovascular Disease Risk of Bus Drivers in a City of Korea: Seung Yong Shin, Chul Gab Lee, Han Soo Song, Sul Ha Kim, Hyun Seung Lee, Min Soo Jung, Sang Kon Yoo; Ann Occup Environ Med 2013;25:34-34. Published online November 11, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-4374-25-34

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Objective

To prevent the occurrence of CV events such as MI and stroke among professional drivers in Korea, bus drivers were compared to other occupations through the Framingham risk scoring system (FRS) or metabolic syndrome (MS) of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment methods.

Methods

In October 2012, a health examination survey was conducted for 443 male bus drivers in a big city. Their CVD risk factors were compared to those of a ‘total employed’ (A group) and ‘crafts and machine operators’ (B group) extracted from Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2010) data by using FRS and MS. We calculated proportions of the CVD risk factors distribution between bus drivers and the A, B groups by the bootstrapping method. The Odds ratio (OR) between CV event risk combining MS with CHD equivalent risk of FRS and occupational factors like shift patterns and professional driving duration/age ratios (PDAR) of bus drivers was calculated through multinominal logistic regression.

Results

The proportion of BMI ≥ 25 kg/m² was 53.9% and waist circumference ≥ 90cm was 40.9% among bus drivers. Hypertension and MS prevalence of bus drivers was 53.3%, 49.9% which is higher than 17.6%, 22.6% in the A group and 19.7%, 23.8% in the B group respectively. OR of high CV event risk in alternate shift was 2.58 (95% CI 1.33~5.00) in comparison with double shift pattern and OR in PDAR ≥ 0.5 was 2.18 (95% CI 1.15~4.14).

Conclusion

Middle aged male drivers in a big city of Korea stand a higher chance of developing CV event than other professions of the same age.

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Occupational Stress and MMPI-2 Profile of Workers in Some Plants Undergoing Labor Dispute: Chang Ki Choi, Chul Gab Lee, Han Soo Song, Sang Kon Yoo, Seung Yong Shin, Sul Ha Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2012;24(4):384-396. Published online December 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2012.24.4.384

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
To identify changes in relationships with superiors or colleagues at work and family members and social networks at home, based on occupational stress and psychological characteristics in during the process of restructuring some plants undergoing a long-term labor dispute.
METHODS
This study invested 213 workers involved in a long-term labor dispute using the KOSS (Korean Occupational Stress Scale) and the MMPI-2 (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) and questionnaires. The KOSS and MMPI-2 scores in accordance with aggressiveness of trade union activity and changes in human relationships were compared. In addition, the odds ratio of whether there were differences in health behavior (perception of health status, smoking, alcohol abuse, medical treatment) and the absenteeism rate was calculated by logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS
For members of the aggressiveness of trade union activity group, the rate at which the relationship between superiors or colleagues deteriorated was high, as was the total KOSS score, occupational system and lack of reward score of KOSS subclass. The depression subclass score of MMPI-2 was generally high, while the score of hypochondriasis, hysteria, psychopathic deviate, hypomania was high, and social introversion was low in the active group. In cases in which there were high score of psychopathic deviate, hypomania and paranoia, there were also signs of negative health behavior.
CONCLUSIONS
Occupational stress caused by a long-term labor dispute, accompanied with depression can result in an aggressive, hostile and vulnerable personalities and have a negative impact on health behavior.

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Changes of depression and job stress in workers after merger without downsizing
Jun Ick Jung, Jun Seok Son, Young Ouk Kim, Chang Ho Chae, Chan Woo Kim, Hyoung Ouk Park, Jun Ho Lee, Young Hoo Shin, Jea Chul Ha
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Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory as related factor for post traumatic stress disorder symptoms according to job stress level in experienced firefighters: 5–year study
In-Sung Chung, Mi-Young Lee, Sung-Won Jung, Chang-Wook Nam
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2015;[Epub] CrossRef

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The Differences the Relationship According to Body Part between Occupational Stress and Self-reported Musculoskeletal Disorder Symptoms as Seen in Surveys of Public Office Workers Using VDT: Han Soo Song, Chul Gab Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2012;24(1):20-32. Published online March 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2012.24.1.20

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The investigation of the degree of the relationship according to body part between occupational stress and musculoskeletal symptoms in the neck, shoulder, elbow, and hands of workers performing computer tasks.
METHODS
In August and September 2009, we conducted a survey of 529 public office workers employed by the National Health Insurance Corporation using structured questionnaires in order to find demographic factors, work related factors, job stress, physical computer task load and musculoskeletal symptoms. Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire, Quick DASH (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Score), and the Northwick Park neck pain questionnaire were all used to evaluate their musculoskeletal symptoms. The presence of symptoms segregated by body part determined the dependent variables. The degree of job stress and other confounder variables determined the independent variables. We calculated the odds ratio employing multiple logistic regressions.
RESULTS
A score of > or =5 in the VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) 10-point scale and the presence of symptoms lasting at least 1 week determined the musculoskeletal symptom group in regards to the Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire. The neck pain odds ratio was adjusted by sex, age, work hours, employment duration, physical computer task load and depression. It was determined to be 2.92 (95% CI 1.76~4.84) in the higher to lower occupational stress group. The shoulder pain odds ratio was 1.96 (95% CI 1.18~3.24), elbow pain 0.55 (95% CI 0.21~1.43), and hand pain 1.71 (95% CI 0.99~2.95). A score of > or =10 in the 100-unit scale determined the musculoskeletal symptom group in regards to the Northwick Park neck pain questionnaire and the Quick DASH. The neck symptom odds ratio was 2.73 (95% CI 1.66~4.49) and the upper extremity symptom figure was 2.18 (95% CI 1.29~3.68).
CONCLUSIONS
This study suggests that the relevance between neck and shoulder symptoms and occupational stress was obvious, however the relevance between elbow and hand pain and job stress was not as clear or ambiguous.

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Parisa Hosseini-Koukamari, Mohtasham Ghaffari, Sedigheh Sadat Tavafian, Ali Ramezankhani
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Relationship between Occupational Stress-Emotional Labor and Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Experience of Absence or Early Leave in Some Civil Affairs Officials: Sang Kon Yoo, Chang Ki Choi, Han Soo Song, Chul Gab Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(2):192-202. Published online June 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.2.192

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this study are to identify the relationship between the Korean occupational stress scale (KOSS) and emotional labor, and to study the association between emotional labor and musculoskeletal symptoms, absence or early leave due to physical problems among civil affairs officials.
METHODS
391 public workers who provide social insurance service were analyzed. A structured self-reported questionnaire was used to assess sociodemographics, job stress, emotional labor, musculoskeletal symptoms and the experience of absence or early leave due to physical problems. For a comprehensive understanding of the relationship among these factors, multiple logistic regression analysis was used.
RESULTS
The Pearson coefficient was 0.409 between the job demand of KOSS and the emotional labor score. The odds ratio of musculoskeletal symptoms is 2.32(95% CI: 1.17~4.61), 2.48(95% CI: 1.15~5.33) in the groups of moderate and, high emotional labor score, respectively, compared to the low score group. On the other hand, the odds ratio of the experience of absence or early leave due to physical problems is 2.43(95% CI: 1.24~4.76) and, 3.08(95% CI: 1.44~6.57) in the same groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Emotional labor acts as a factor of job demand of KOSS, and has an effect on musculoskeletal symptoms and absence or early leave among civil affairs officials.

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Mark Wilding, Kyungjin Chae, Jiho Jang
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Radiological Flattening of Lumbar Lordosis and Related Factors in Some Korean Farmers: Han Soo Song, Sang Kon Yoo, Chang Ki Choi, Chul Gab Lee, Kyung Suk Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2010;22(4):279-289. Published online December 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2010.22.4.279

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
To determine if agricultural work is related to radiological flattening of lumbar lordosis, and to identify the relationship between of back pain and flat back in selected Korean farmers.
METHODS
Between June 2006 and July 2008, 414 farmers, 155 (37.4%) males and 259 (62.6%) females participated in this study. We collected data on hazardous agricultural work postures and other factors from interviews, surveys, and x-ray views of lateral lumbar. The operational definition of a flat back was below -1 SD of lordotic angle, with a normal distribution between L1 and S1 level. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between flat back and hazardous working posture ratio, sex, the severity of back pain.
RESULTS
Mean lordotic angle was 42.9+/-15.7degrees. Flat back had a higher prevalence in the females (24.7%) than the males (5.8%). The odds ratio of flat back risk is 3.30 (95% CI: 1.46~7.46) in the females compared to the males, 1.31 (95% CI: 0.61~2.79), 4.11 (95% CI: 1.77~9.55) in the group of hazardous working posture ratio compared to the low risk group, 2.78 (95% CI: 1.27~6.07), 5.74 (95% CI: 2.27~14.49) in the group of L4-L5 disc space narrowing compared to normal group, 3.06 (95% CI: 1.27~7.31), 5.45 (95% CI: 1.70~17.46) in the group of lumbar spine compression fracture compared to no fracture. Odds ratio of severe back pain is 2.29 (95% CI: 1.12~4.72) in the group of flat back compared to normal group.
CONCLUSIONS
Hazardous agricultural working postures, such as 'low- lifting, pulling, pushing work and high- squatting posture work' are associated with flat back. Low back pain is significantly associated with flat back group in female farmers.

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Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2012; 55(11): 1054. CrossRef
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Work-Relatedness of Occupational Contact Dermatitis in a Tire Factory: Sora Choi, Han Soo Song, Chul Gab Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2009;21(4):354-364. Published online December 31, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2009.21.4.354

Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
This study investigated occupational contact dermatitis in a tire factory, prompted by a long history of complaints of skin ailments by the factory workers.
METHODS
Participants (n=160) completed a questionnaire concerning job characteristics and skin symptoms, and received a medical examination. Fifty-four workers with suspected work-related contact dermatitis were chosen for a patch test of contact-related dermatitis.
RESULTS
The most frequent positive reactions of patch test were produced by diphenylguanidine, formaldehyde and cobalt. Twenty-one of the 54 individuals (38.9%) were judged to have work-related skin disease.
CONCLUSIONS
Exposure to natural and synthetic rubbers and additive materials pose a risk of contact dermatitis in a tire manufacturing environment. Improved sanitary work practices and public health awareness measures are suggested.

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