Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Chae Yong Lee

9 Articles

A Case of Exercise-induced Rhabdomyolysis with Hepatitis: Seong Ah Kim, Sang Je Jung, Chae Yong Lee, Bong Goo Ha, Ki Soo Park; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2006;18(1):67-72. Published online March 31, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2006.18.1.67

BACKGROUND
Rhabdomyolysis is a relatively rare disease caused by various factors and is characterized by skeletal muscle damage. While crush injury is the most common cause in Korea as well as other countries, overexertion is an important common cause among young men in daily life. Although exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis is already well published among athletes or military persons, there have been few reports in workers.
CASE
REPORT: We observed a 28-year-old male worker who had elevated liver transaminases during a periodic workers' health checkup. Although he did not exhibit the typical pattern of toxic hepatitis, we had to exclude any possibility of dimethylacetamide-induced hepatitis (DIH) because he had worked in a spandex-producing factory, which already had a history of many DIH cases over several years. We performed careful history taking, several laboratory tests, liver ultrasonography and liver biopsy. We also investigated the results of biological monitoring and air concentrations of dimethylacetamide. The findings from these examinations supported the clinical diagnosis of exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis with hepatitis.
CONCLUSION
This case demonstrates that exercise can induce rhabdomyolysis and hepatitis. This disease must be treated by prompt and appropriate management because it might develop more serious complications such as acute renal failure.

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Exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis mechanisms and prevention: A literature review
Jooyoung Kim, Joohyung Lee, Sojung Kim, Ho Young Ryu, Kwang Suk Cha, Dong Jun Sung
Journal of Sport and Health Science.2016; 5(3): 324. CrossRef
Literature review of effect of work pattern (day shift and night shift) on worker's health
Ki-Youn Kim, Man-Su Cho, Won-Mo Gal
Journal of the Korea Safety Management and Science.2013; 15(2): 1. CrossRef

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Blood Lead Levels in Umbilical Cord and Neonatal Neurobehavioral Status: Jung Are Kim, Seong Ah Kim, Chae Yong Lee, Sang Jae Jung, Byung Yeol Chun; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;17(1):58-69. Published online March 31, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2005.17.1.58

Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
To investigate the relation between umbilical cord blood lead level lower than 10 microgram/dl and neonatal neurobehavioral performance.
METHODS
Umbilical cord blood lead level, as an indicator for prenatal exposure to lead, and Brazelton neonatal behavioral assessment scale (NBAS), as an indicator for effect, were determined in 86 neonates in Gumi, Kyungpook, Korea. The blood levels were measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Development was assessed by NBAS at birth in 86 neonates and at 1 month in 55 neonates.
RESULTS
The mean cord blood lead levels of the 86 and 55 neonates were 3.90 +/- 0.71 microgram/dl (range 2.24 - 5.39 microgram/dl) and 3.88 +/- 0.70 microgram/dl (range 2.24~5.03 microgram/dl), respectively. We used the median value of 4 microgram/dl to divide into low- and high- lead level groups. There was a significant difference in the peak of excitement at birth, and in the animate visual, inanimate visual, inanimate auditory, activity level, peak of excitement, and liability of states at one month, between the two groups. For cluster scores, motor system and state organization scores showed significant differences between the two groups. For adjusting the potential confounding effect of intial difference, differences of the scores between the two groups at one month were analysed with ANCOVA. The results of ANCOVA showed the significant difference between the two groups.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings suggest that prenatal low-level lead exposure, even lower than 10 microgram/dl, might affect the neonatal neurobehavioral development.

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Surveillance of Work-related Diseases in Kumi: Seong Ah Kim, Jin Seok Kim, Hae Ree Jeon, Sang Jae Jung, Sang Woo Kim, Chae Yong Lee, Jung O Ham, Jay Young Yoo, Tae Sung Choi, Ha Bong Goo, Min Hwan Cho, Kuck Hyun Woo; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2003;15(1):95-110. Published online March 31, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2003.15.1.95

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
Area-based occupational disease surveillance in Kumi (KODS) was used to collect data on occupational diseases. The data was used to estimate the magnitude of the diseases, to analyze for their characteristics, and to find links for their intervention and prevention.
METHODS
Since January 2001, occupational physicians and nurses in Occupational Health Service (OHS)have reported six major occupational diseases; occupational musculoskeletal disorders of the upper extremities(MSDUE), occupational dermatoses, toxic hepatitis, occupational asthma (OA), hand-arm vibration syndrome(HAVS), and occupational cancer. For the respective diseases, a reporting sheet and operational diagnostic criteria were developed by the KODS. An analysis of the KODS data, collected over a certain period, was compared with data from the Korea Labor Workers Corporation (KLWC) and the Specific Health Examination (SHE), and the incidence rates of the diseases estimated.
RESULTS
Between Jan 2001 and Apr 2002, 287 cases of the six major occupational disease were reported. Of these, there were 132 (46.0%), 100 (34.8%), 34 (11.8%), 16 (5.6%), and 5 (1.7%), cases of MSDUE, occupational dermatoses, toxic hepatitis, OA, and HAVS, respectively. But, there were no cases of occupational cancer. 33 (11.5%) of the incidence were reported via the OHS, 206 (71.7%) from health checkups, and the other 48(16.8%) from other routes. The synthetic fibers and electronic components manufacturing industries accounted for the greatest number of reported cases. With respect to occupation, the greatest numbers of incidence were reported from the elementary occupations, textile workers, assemblers, and cooks and food services worker, in that order. Of the MSDUE cases, carpal tunnel syndrome and epicondylitis were the two most common diseases. Most of the occupational dermatoses were due to contact dermatitis, with organic solvents (59%), nickel (6%), and epoxy resin (5%) accounting for the majority of these cases. All cases of toxic hepatitis were induced by dimethylformamide or dimethylacetamide, which were reported by a unique monitoring system. During same period, there were no cases claimed by workers to the KLWC, and only three cases from SHE, were identified. Using data from workers' number and surveillance, the annual incidences of MSDUE, dermatoses, hepatitis, OA, and HAVS, per 100,000 workers were 63.6, 48.2, 17.9, 7.7, and 2.4, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
These results show that an area-based surveillance system can be very effective for the collection of data on work-related diseases, at least in Kumi.

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Distribution of age, gender, and occupation among individuals with carpal tunnel syndrome based on the National Health Insurance data and National Employment Insurance data
Il-Ho Lee, Young-Ki Kim, Dong-Mug Kang, Se-Yeong Kim, In-Ah Kim, Eun-Mi Kim
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Work-relatedness of lung cancer by smoking and histologic type in Korea
Young-Il Lee, Sang-Gil Lee, Dong-Mug Kang, Jong-Eun Kim, Young-Ki Kim, Jong-Han Leem, Hwan-Cheol Kim
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2014;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical Outcomes of Occupational Exposure to N,N-Dimethylformamide: Perspectives from Experimental Toxicology
Tae Hyun Kim, Sang Geon Kim
Safety and Health at Work.2011; 2(2): 97. CrossRef
Occupational Skin Diseases in Korea
Yeon-Soon Ahn, Min-Gi Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S46. CrossRef
Occupational Hepatic Disorders in Korea
Hyoung Ryoul Kim, Tae Woo Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S36. CrossRef
Incidence of dimethylacetamide induced hepatic injury among new employees in a cohort of elastane fibre workers
C-Y Lee, S-J Jung, S-A Kim, K-S Park, B-G Ha
Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2006; 63(10): 688. CrossRef

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Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome and Neural Conduction Impairment in Swagging Workers Exposed to Hand-Arm Vibration: Seong Ah Kim, Sang Woo Kim, Sang Jae Jung, Chae Yong Lee, Kyu Sang Kim, Bo Woo Jung, Sang Kyu Park; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2002;14(2):169-182. Published online June 30, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2002.14.2.169

Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
To investigate the hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) among symptomatic swagging workers exposed to hand-arm vibration, using medical evaluation and measurement of workplace vibration. Furthermore, to evaluate the neurophysiological METHODS: Four workers showing symptoms relevant to HAVS were evaluated. Medical evaluation consisted of medical interview, questionnaire, nail-bed compression test, and sensory perception tests for vibration and pain. Some other diseases were excluded by a medical interview, hematological assessment, and urinalysis. Cold provocation test was used to assess the peripheral vascular changes, and a nerve conduction velocity (NCV) test was implemented to ascertain the peripheral neural changes. Pegboard, hole plate, and tapping board tests were performed to assess motor nerve function. The hand-arm vibration acceleration levels of the swagging machines were measured. Six months later, follow-up NCV tests were performed.
RESULTS
The actual exposure time to vibration was not longer than 15 minutes per day. The hand-arm vibration acceleration levels of the swagging machines, according to actual exposure time, were from 3.63 to 12.98 m/sec2, by ISO 5349. The vibratory perception thresholds and the recovery time of a nail color following finger cooling were significantly increased in all four workers. The perception of pain was mildly increased. The nerve conduction studies at first diagnosis and follow-up showed multifocal neural impairment caused by vibration. However, we could not rule out the concomitant presence of the carpal tunnel syndrome in one worker.
CONCLUSIONS
These results show that HAVS can be caused by hand-arm vibration in swagging workers. Interestingly, the NCV results suggested that vibration-induced neural conduction impairments could vary, and need to be interpreted cautiously.

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Three Cases of Skin Pigmentation Caused by 2,5-Hexanedione: Seong Ah Kim, Sang Jae Jung, Chae Yong Lee, Sang Man Lee, Sang Woo Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2002;14(2):199-203. Published online June 30, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2002.14.2.199

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
To report on the skin discoloration experienced by three workers handling 2 , 5 -hexanedione METHODS: Three workers, who showed orange-brown discoloration of the palms during observation under the Kumi occupational disease surveillance system, had their history evaluated and underwent physical examination. A workplace survey was performed by an occupational physician and an industrial hygienist.
RESULTS
The three workers were determined to have been experiencing skin discoloration since the introduction of a new cleaning solvent. The new solvent contained 2,5-hexanedione, which is reported in the literature to be possibly capable of causing orangebrown discoloration of the skin. After discontinuation of solvent use, the workers recovered within a week.
CONCLUSIONS
These cases demonstrate that 2,5-hexanedione can produce skin pigmentation.

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Occupational Diseases in Korea
Seong-Kyu Kang, Eun A Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S4. CrossRef

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Neurobehavioral Effects of Low Level Lead-exposed Workers at CRT(Cathode Ray Tube) Manufacturing Factory: Jong Young Lee, Chae Yong Lee, Ji Suk Kim, Sang Jae Lee, Wan Seoup Park, Kuck Hyeun Woo; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1997;9(2):208-216. Published online June 30, 1997; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1997.9.2.208

Abstract PDF: To assess neurobehavioral effects of 48 low level lead-exposed workers in CRT manufacturing factory, simple and choice reaction time test with NTOS (Neurobehavioral Tests for Occupational Screening), digit symbol and digit span with K-WAIS (Korean Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale), and SCL-90-R (Symptom Check List 90 revised) was examined. These screening test battery reflect 3 psychological domain; psychomotor, short term memory, and symptom. Average blood lead level was 17.7 microgram/dl and mean exposure duration was 5.6 years. Nobody exceeded blood lead level over 40 microgram/dl, the guideline. We divided workers to two group, shorts-term exposed group(< or = 5 years) and long-term exposed groups 5 years) for analysis. ANCOVA model of simple reaction time, hostility, phobic anxiety, somatization were statistically significant and coefficient of independent variable of exposure duration was also significant. MANCOVA model of SCL-90-R was significant, too. The results of this study were consistent with previous study; symptoms were early neurobehavioral effects of low level lead exposure. And this study showed that current blood lead level as independent variable was able to mask the early neurobehavioral effects.

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Effects of Number and Method of Visual Stimuli on Simple Reaction Time: Jee Sung Kim, Sung Ah Kim, Chae Yong Lee, Soon Woo Park, Si Hyun Nam, Jong Young Lee, Ji Yeon Son; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1996;8(3):477-489. Published online December 31, 1996; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1996.8.3.477

Abstract PDF

In. order to evaluate the effects of number and method of visual stimuli on simple reaction time and determine the proper number of trials, simple reaction time of the computerized test of NTOS (Neurobehavioral Test for Occupational Screening) was carried out on 240 medical students. The prominent difference was found between male and female on simple reaction time. Regarding the effect of number based on the parameters of measures and the purpose of test itself, 64 trials was considered as proper number. The mean reaction time was different according to the methods of visual stimuli, such as color and size(p<0.05). The larger and more intence visual stimuli were, the faster sim-ple reaction time was. In respect to sex, that difference was similar. But, there was no difference depending upon whether the each result of each trial was showed on the monitor. The subjects, however, showed much interest when the result showed. Further studies, including the various variables on visual stimuli, are required to compare among various studies.

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Performance assessment on the Korean Computerized Neurobehavioral Test using a mobile device and a conventional computer: an experimental study
Young Seok Byun, Sung Kyu Park, Joon Sakong, Man Joong Jeon
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub] CrossRef

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Development of Korean Computerized Neurobehavioral Tests arid Evaluation of Applicability: Jong Young Lee, Sang Soong Nam, Chae Yong Lee, Sung Ah Kim, Ju Young Lee, Soon Woo Park, Ji Yeon Son; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1996;8(3):546-559. Published online December 31, 1996; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1996.8.3.546

Abstract PDF: We tried to develop Korean computerized neurobehavioral tests to promote neurobehavioral research and screening in occupational setting in Korea. This program was designated Neurobehavioral Tests for Occupational Screening (NTOS). NTOS consisted of 3 test items, choice reaction time (2 choice and 4 choice), simple reaction time (visual and auditory stimulus), finger tapping test (both hands). NTOS was administered to 120 students of medical school and to evaluate applicability. The results of reaction time tests was positively skewed but finger tapping test was negatively skewed. The only data that was not skewed was the mean frequency of finger tapping of dominant hand. The means and standard deviations of choice reaction time were 429.7 msec and 109.8 msec (2 choice), 493. 6 msec and 92.0 msec (4 choice). The results of simple reaction time were 254 msec (mean) and 55 msec (standard deviation). The mean frequency of finger tapping of dominant hand was 77.2 and that of nondominant hand was 64.9. The results of 2 choice reaction time test and finger tapping of dominant hand showed statistically significant sex difference. Factor analysis showed 2 factors, 1st reaction tests and 2nd tapping. The mean frequency of finger tapping had negative weak correlation with other reaction time test results. This computerized neurobehavioral tests may be widely applied in the other future studies, and is to be improved for the practical purpose of the occupational neurotoxico-logical area.

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Effect of Height and Arm Length on Simple Reaction Time: Hyang Sook Kim, Chae Yong Lee, Jong Young Lee, Mun Suk Jyung, Hyeong Ryeol Yoon, Gwang Seo Choi; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1996;8(1):97-104. Published online February 29, 1996; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1996.8.1.97

Abstract PDF: To identify the relation between simple reaction time and height and arm length, simple reaction time was performed to medical students with measurement of height, and arm length. Participants should answer questions about Smoking, drinking, sleep deprivation, history of diseaseand drug, whether to use computer or hot Mean height of men(n=98) was 173.0+/-4.79 cm, that of women (n-22) 161.7+/-4.33 cm. Mean arm length of men was 73.5+/-3.09 cm, and that of women 68.0+/-2.93 cm respectively. Height and arm length were statistically significantly different between-men and women (plt;0.01). Mean simple reaction time of men was 265.4+/-25.03 msec, that of women 286.8+/-28.48 msec. Mean simple reaction time was also statistically significantly different(p<0.01). As a result of correlation analysis, for men. None was significant. However, for women, height and arm length showed statistically significant, correlation with mean reaction time. Correlation coefficient of height and arm length were 0.45 (p<0.05) and 10.57 (p<0.05) respectively.

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