Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Research Article

Comparison of work environment and occupational injury in direct and indirect employment in Korea and Europe: Joonho Ahn, Seong-Sik Cho, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, Jun-Pyo Myong, Mo-Yeol Kang; Ann Occup Environ Med 2019;31:e24. Published online September 25, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2019.31.e24

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background

To investigate the risk of injury for indirect employment in Korea, we compared work environment, workplace exposure, and injury risk according to the type of employment contract between Korea and European Union (EU) countries.

Methods

We analyzed data of blue-collar workers from the fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey (2014) and the sixth European Working Conditions Survey (2015) and compared workplace risk factors and preventive factors for occupational injuries. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the relationship between occupational injury and the type of employment contract after adjusting for age and sex.

Results

For descriptive characteristics, a relatively older age, lower income, lower proportion of full-time work, greater proportion in small-sized companies, and fewer unionizations were noted in indirect employment in Korea than in direct employment. Workplace exposure was significantly higher in indirect employment in both Korea and Europe. Among safety-related factors, indirect employment in both Korea and Europe lacked the support of company education, coworkers, and supervisors. Indirectly employed blue-collar workers had a significantly higher risk of occupational injury than those directly employed in Korea (odds ratio [OR]: 1.876), whereas there was no significant difference between directly and indirectly employed workers in EU countries (OR: 1.038).

Conclusions

Indirectly employed blue-collar workers have an increased risk of occupational injury in Korea.

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Seonguk Baek, Won-Tae Lee, Min-Seok Kim, Myeong-Hun Lim, Jin-Ha Yoon
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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(2): 1488. CrossRef
Economic costs and Predictors of occupation-related Injuries in Ethiopian sugar industries from the Employer’s perspective: top-down approach and friction method
Mitiku Bonsa Debela, Muluken Azage, Negussie Deyessa, Achenef Motbainor Begosaw
BMC Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
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Comparative analyses of occupational injuries among temporary agency worker and direct contract workers: Findings from the Korea Health Panel 2009–2018
Joonho Ahn, Jongin Lee, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, Yu Min Lee, Tae-Won Jang, Dong-Wook Lee, Mo-Yeol Kang
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Shift Work and Dry Eye Disease in the Korean Working Population: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Joonho Ahn, So-Jung Ryu, Jihun Song, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(10): 5492. CrossRef
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Original Article

Cross Sectional Study on the Prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Associated Factors among Elementary School Students Living nearby Shihwa-Banwol Industrial Complex: Dong Won Kim, Jeong Eun Lee, Woo Chul Jung, Ki Chul Nam, Ye Won Bang, Se Jin Kim, Soo Young Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2012;24(3):252-262. Published online September 30, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2012.24.3.252

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The aims of this study were to examine the prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) as well as the relationship between ADHD and related factors among elementary school students living nearby Shihwa-Banwol industrial complex.
METHODS
A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 573 elementary students living nearby Shihwa-Banwol industrial complex. Dupaul ADHD rating scales were used for assessment of ADHD. Information on age, gender, birth weight, family history, environmental factors including second-hand smoke, house income, house type, bring up a child, road proximity and behavioral factors including outside activity time, eating habits, and cell phone usage were based on data from self-administered questionnaires. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed, and all odds ratios were adjusted according to age and gender.
RESULTS
The prevalence of ADHD was 9.4%, and those aged 10 years were the most affected. Male elementary school students were 3.19 times (95% CI:1.71~5.93) more likely to have ADHD than females. ADHD was significantly associated with family history of mental disease (adjusted OR 8.69; 95%CI 1.93~39.22), lack of cell phones usage (adjusted OR 2.27; 95%CI 1.21~4.26), a road adjacent to child's residence (adjusted OR 2.21; 95%CI 1.20~4.05) and lack of seafood consumption (adjusted OR 2.08; 95%CI 1.08~4.00).
CONCLUSIONS
More research effort should be focused on determining the prevalence of ADHD and relevant factors among children living nearby industrial complexes.

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Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2018; 23(5): 397. CrossRef
Blood lead, parental marital status and the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in elementary school children: A longitudinal study
Won-Jun Choi, Ho-Jang Kwon, Myung Ho Lim, Ji-Ae Lim, Mina Ha
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Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.2016; 27(4): 236. CrossRef

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Original Article

Lifestyle and Work related Factors Associated with Serum PFOA among Workers at Manufacturing Companies: Sang Hwan Jang, Chae Kwan Lee, Dae Hwan Kim, Kwon Bok Kim, Jin Hong Ahn, Hwi Dong Kim, Chang Hee Lee, Jeong Ho Kim, Jong Tae Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2008;20(3):233-244. Published online September 30, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2008.20.3.233

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The objective of this study was to determine serum perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) concentrations and to investigate the relationship of lifestyle, health status and work-related factors among workers at manufacturing companies with possible occupational exposure to PFOA.
METHODS
The study subjects were 315 workers (male 203, female 112) of manufacturing companies with possible exposure to PFOA from August to December, 2007. A questionnaire was administered to investigate lifestyle and work-related factors. Serum PFOA concentrations were analyzed by LCMS/ MS, and liver function and total cholesterol were also tested.
RESULTS
Serum PFOA concentrations ranged from 1.0 to 40.9 ng/mL (mean 8.0 ng/mL). Serum PFOA concentrations increased with age. Male workers had higher PFOA concentration than female workers (male 9.0 ng/mL; female 6.3 ng/mL). According to stepwise multiple regression analysis, factors significantly associated with PFOA concentration were male, being older, higher total cholesterol, and lower body mass index. Adjusted for age and gender by logistic regression, dyeing and finishing textiles had significantly higher odds ratio (OR) of 6.16, and moulding patterns, moulds and industrial patterns (OR=4.84), sections for ships (OR=3.87), and plastics synthetic leather (OR=10.05) had marginally significantly high odds ratios.
CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrated the factors affecting serum PFOA concentration of workers at manufacturing companies. Further study is needed to ensure the effect of occupational exposure on serum PFOA concentration.

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The relationships between sixteen perfluorinated compound concentrations in blood serum and food, and other parameters, in the general population of South Korea with proportionate stratified sampling method
Hee-Young Kim, Seung-Kyu Kim, Dong-Mug Kang, Yong-Sik Hwang, Jeong-Eun Oh
Science of The Total Environment.2014; 470-471: 1390. CrossRef
Concentration of PFOA and PFOS in Whole Blood and Factors Controlling Their Exposure Among Koreans
Chun-Hui Suh, Chae-Kwan Lee, So-Ryong Lee, Mi-Hee Park, Jong-Tae Lee, Byung-Chul Son, Jeong-Ho Kim, Kun-Hyung Kim
Korean Journal of Environmental Health Sciences.2012; 38(2): 105. CrossRef

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Original Article

Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Related Factors of Golf Caddies: Kyung Hwa Heo, Young Sun Han, Hye Sun Jung, Jung Wan Koo; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004;16(1):92-102. Published online March 31, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2004.16.1.92

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the complaint rates of musculoskeletal symptoms and investigated the related factors of musculoskeletal symptoms in the caddies.
METHODS
For 316 caddies working at 6 regular golf courses, we used the self-recording questionnaires to examine general characteristics, job stress factors, subjective musculoskeletal symptoms designed by NIOSH, working environments, and working contents.
RESULTS
The complaint rates of musculoskeletal symptoms according to the musculoskeletal criteria of NIOSH were 41.8% in the leg/knee/ankle/foot, 35.8% in the shoulder, 35.8% in the upper back/lower back, 28.8% in the neck, and 28.5% in the arm/wrist/fingers. Important factors affecting musculoskeletal symptoms were daily working hours during the high-demand season in all anatomical sites except the arm/wrist/fingers. Other related factors were degrees of winding and inclined in the golf courses, violent language and violence of customers, inability to regulate the velocity and work load control, heavy physical burden, instability of employment, and possibility of unemployment according to the specialty of caddies. As a results of multivariate logistic regression analysis, musculoskeletal symptoms of the neck, shoulders, back/lower back and leg/knee/ankle/foot were significantly influenced by working time over 12 hours in the high-demand season, and symptoms of the arm/wrist/fingers by low decision latitude (P<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The complaint rates of musculoskeletal symptoms in the caddies were affected by working time over 12 hours and low decision latitude against excessively high psychological job demand.

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Original Article

Assessment of Job Related Cumulative Trauma Disorders of Dentists in Daegu Metropolitan City: Man Joong Jeon, Joon Sakong, Joong Jung Lee, Hee Kyung Lee, Jong Hak Chung; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2001;13(1):55-63. Published online March 31, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2001.13.1.55

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the symptom prevalence and aspects of symptoms for cumulative trauma disorders in dentists and elucidate their associated factors.
METHODS
A questionnaire-based investigation on demographic factors, work-related characteristics, psychosocial factors and symptoms of 512 dentists practicing in Daegu metropolitan city was conducted. Subsets of psychosocial characteristics, including job demand(5 items), psychosomatic strain(5 items), job insecurity, and type A behavior were also assessed. For the evaluation of symptoms early developed questionnaire by Song(1997)was used to investigate the parameters related to pains in the neck, shoulder, arm and elbow, wrist, finger, back or discomforts, such as pricking and numbing.
RESULTS
The symptom prevalence of cumulative trauma disorders, calculated based on NIOSH criteria, was high at 63.3 %; the most frequent site of complaint was the shoulder, followed by neck, back, hand and wrist, knee, foot and ankle. The most common approach position was direction of 9 to 10 o'clock. Most subjects had 5-10 years of work experience and those with such years of experience also complained most frequently of symptoms in the neck and shoulder areas. As to rate of symptom complaint according to the type of dental procedure, the highest rate was associated to periodontic treatment. According to age, those between the age of 30-40 had the highest symptom prevalence rate at 70 %. According to sex, women had the higher symptom prevalence rate. Unmarried subjects also had higher symptom prevalence rate. The results of logistic analysis showed that the higher the psychosomatic strain and job demand, the higher the symptom prevalence rate of cumulative trauma disorders. Moreover, the higher the score of type A behavior, the higher the symptom prevalence rate, and even those who changed the location of their practice for the last three months also showed high symptom prevalence rate.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of multiple logistic regression analysis, which incorporated demographic, work-related and psychosocial characteristics as independent variables, showed that women were at a higher risk than men in developing cumulative trauma disorders; and that the higher the psychosomatic strain and more frequent type A behavior, the higher the risk of developing cumulative trauma disorders. The above results seem to suggest that not only continual, repeated fine and skillful musculoskeletal movements and lengthy hours in an uncomfortable position but also the psychological stress related to patient satisfaction, can lead to cumulative trauma disorders.

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Original Article

Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders of Hairdresser: Soo Kyung Park, Young Jin Choi, Doeg Hwan Moon, Jin Ho Chun, Jong Tae Lee, Hae Sook Sohn; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2000;12(3):395-404. Published online September 30, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2000.12.3.395

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
To determine the prevalence and related factors of work related musculoskeletal symptoms in hairdressers.
METHODS
Informations on general characteristics, job strain, and musculoskeletal symptoms were obtained by a self-administered questionnaire, through adopting NIOSH instrument and JCQ(Job content questionnaire), from 267 hairdressers, between March and May, 2000.
RESULTS
The symptom prevalence by NIOSH surveillance criteria in total was high as 94.4%; shoulder (61.0%), neck (59.9%), low back (53.2%), hand and wrist (41.6%), etc. In multiple logistic regression, significant factors affecting the symptoms by body region; job insecurity on neck' gender, alcohol, decision latitude on low back; alcohol on hand and wrist; smoking on thigh and knee,' smoking, decision latitude on ankle and foot; job insecurity on upper back.
CONCLUSIONS
Musculoskeletal symptoms of hairdresser were highly prevalent, and associated with job strain and their health habits. This is a basic data of work related musculoskeletal disorders among hairdressers who are not the subjects of occupational health service at the present time in Korea.

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Sung-Bok Kwon, Yeo-Jin Yi, Hye-Ja Han, Kyung-Sook Cho, Nan-Young Lim, Eun-Hee Lee, Haeng-Mi Son, Young-Sook Park, Joo-Hyun Kim, Hyun-Sook Kang
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Original Article

Comparison of Post-Health Care of Workers with Noise Induced Hearing Loss between Medium Sized Industries and a Large Automobile Industry: Seung Hae Han, Soo Keun Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1999;11(2):229-240. Published online June 30, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1999.11.2.229

Abstract PDF: In order to compare post-health care between medium sized enterprises(50-300 employees) and a large enterprise(an automobile manufacture plant) and to evaluate factors related to post?health care performance of workers with noise induced hearing loss, this study was carried out. One hundred and eighty nine workers were surveyed to the questionnaire on general and occupational characteristics, receipt of the examination result, perception and attitudes toward special health examination, contentedness with post-health care performance on the examination result and reason not to have post-health care performance. The results were as follows: 1. The employee in large enterprise perform post-health care higher than medium sized enterprises and main control method was taking ear protective device. The 27.5% of workers with NJHL did not perform any post-health care. 2. Comparing with large enterprise, medium-sized enterprises had more interview with workers of NJHL and some enterprises performed more health education and more improvement of working environment. But there were a few medium-sized enterprises which did not provide ear protective device and had indifference manager. 3. The variables that significantly related to the post-health care of manager side was receipt of health examination result(p < 0.05), the post-health care of worker side were size of enterprise, age(p <0.05) and receipt of health examination result(p <0. 1).

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Original Article

Welder' Pneumoconiosis of Shipyard and related Factors: Hae Sook Sohn, Seong Yong Choi, Young Jin Yu, Chae Un Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1994;6(1):143-152. Published online February 28, 1994; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1994.6.1.143

Abstract PDF

Pneumoconiosis is one of the most important occupational disease in Korea. In Pusan, most of pneumoconiosis is welders' pneumoconiosis developed in shipyard. With clinical (including interview with every patients) and radiological (chest radiographs) methods, author purposed to know the factors related to development of pneumoconiosis in shipyard welders and to apply the results to the concept for health care (management) of shipyard welders. The prevalence rate of welders' pneumoconiosis was calculated by the means of reading of chest radiographs of 547 shipyard welders. The prevalence rate of welders' pneumoconiosis (including suspected pneumoconiosis, category 0/1) was 7.9%. It was lower than that (8.9%) in same area studied in 1989. Prevalence rate increased as total welding duration increased and the welding work began early. It was higher in welders who did not use antidust mask. Probability of the occurance of welder's pneumoconiosis was related with the time that the welder began welding work. Sixteen cases among the 37 who were diagnosed as pneumoconiosis returned normal in the follow-up chest radiographs. There was no case aggrevated. The pertinent management for the personnels and their working environment contributed to the decrease of incidence of the welders' pneumoconiosis and the improvement of the disease. To prevent the occurance of the pneumoconiosis in shipyard welders, it seems to be necessary for the company to be supervised under the any legislation and to educate the welder to use the protective apparatus. It is suggested that considerate and continuous observation under the adequate management is preferable to the immediate conversion of the working department for the pneumoconiotic welders.

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Occupational Diseases in Korea
Seong-Kyu Kang, Eun A Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S4. CrossRef

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