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Original Article
Association between sleep quality and type of shift work in Korean firefighters
Hyun-Jeong Oh, Chang Sun Sim, Tae-Won Jang, Yeon Soon Ahn, Kyoung Sook Jeong
Ann Occup Environ Med 2022;34:e27.   Published online October 11, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2022.34.e27
AbstractAbstract AbstractAbstract in Korean PDFPubReaderePub
Background

Shift work that interferes with normal sleep patterns, is known to be a cause of sleep disturbance and has been studied through various occupational groups. However, it is not known which shift type is better for sleep health.

Methods

This study included 568 firefighters. Sleep quality was evaluated using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Sleep quality was categorized into 2 groups; good quality (≤ 5 points) and poor quality (≥ 6 points). Demographic variables, depression, anxiety, type of shift, and job were collected by self-reported questionnaires. The χ2 test, t-test, and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the effect of shift type on the sleep quality of firefighters.

Results

Three hundred thirty-seven firefighters (59.3%) have poor sleep quality. Compared to day workers, the odds ratios (ORs) of poor sleep quality were 2.169 (95% confidence interval: 1.137–4.134) in 6-day cycle, 2.161 (1.150–4.062) in 9-day cycle, 1.805 (1.087–2.997) in 21-day cycle, and 1.485 (0.718–3.069) in 3-day cycle. The ORs of poor sleep quality were 1.697(1.021–2.823) in fire suppression and 2.325 (1.213–4.455) in emergency medical service compared to administration.

Conclusions

All shift work type except for the 3-day cycle was associated with poor sleep quality compared to day work.

한국 소방관에서 수면의 질과 교대근무 유형의 연관성
목적
소방관의 수면의 질에 어떤 교대근무 유형이 적합한지 결정하는 것이다.
방법
이 연구는 568명의 소방관을 포함하여 피츠버그 수면의 질 지수를 사용하여 수면의 질을 평가하였고, 다른 교란 요인은 자기보고형태의 설문지를 통해 수집하였다. 소방관의 수면의 질에 대한 교대근무 유형의 영향을 평가하기 위하여 카이제곱 검정, t-검정, 다중 로지스틱 회귀 분석을 사용하였다.
결과
337명(59.3%)은 나쁜 수면의 질을 가졌다. 주간 근무자와 비교했을 때, 나쁜 수면의 질에 대한 오즈비는 6주기에서 2.161 (95% 신뢰구간 1.137-4.134), 9주기에서 2.161 (1.150-4.062), 21주기에서 1.805 (1.087-2.997), 3주기에서 1.485 (0.718-3.069). 직무별로는 행정에 비해 화재진압 소방관의 수면의 질이 나쁠 오즈비는 1.697 (1.021-2.823)이었고, 구급업무 소방관은 2.325 (1.213-4.455)이었다.
결론
3주기를 제외하고 다른 형태의 교대근무에서 수면의 질은 주간근무에 비해 에서 나쁜 것으로 나타났다.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Association of age and night flight duration with sleep disorders among Chinese airline pilots
    Ruizi Shi, Fang Wang, Wanying Xu, Li Fu
    Frontiers in Public Health.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Working hours and the regulations for night shift workers
    Tae-Won Jang
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 254 View
  • 2 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
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Research Article
An overview of compensated work-related injuries among Korean firefighters from 2010 to 2015
Hyung Doo Kim, Yon Soo An, Dong Hyun Kim, Kyung Sook Jeong, Yeon Soon Ahn
Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:57.   Published online September 3, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0268-2
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

Although one in two firefighters in South Korea have experienced work-related injuries, there are few studies which show the overview description on work-related injuries and its analysis regarding such causes. Therefore, we aimed to show the overview of compensated work-related injuries in order to serve fundamental data for establishing prevention policies on work-related injuries for Korean firefighters.

Methods

We requested the all claimed work-related injury data of Korean firefighters from 2010 to 2015 to the Korean National Fire Agency (NFA). The data from NFA including 2457 claimed cases was analyzed and we confirmed, 2154 approved work-related injuries for the kinds of job activities, cause of accident and type of injuries. Among 2154 approved cases, we analyzed more variables for the sex, age, and job duration of 1344 compensated cases through served text file on summary of accident.

Results

The Government Employees Pension Service (GEPS) recognized 2154 (87.7%) approved work-related injuries among 2457 claimed cases. The incidence of work-related injuries per 1000 firefighters was 9.8 persons. By region, the incidence of work-related injuries per 1000 firefighters ranged from a maximum of 14.5 to a minimum of 4.0. The most common job activity caused the accident was fire suppression (18.0%), followed by Emergency medical services (EMS) (17.5%) and training (10.7%). The most common cause of these accident was movement imbalance (30.3%), followed by falls (18.9%) and traffic accident (13.4%). In these work-related injuries, sprains and bruises were the most common type of injury (27.2%), and the most commonly injured body site was the upper and lower back (25.3%). Data from identified 1344 firefighters showed that 1264 (94.0%) were male and 80 (6.0%) were female. Age group was the highest in the 40s with 623 cases (46.4%), and job duration was the highest with 650 cases in 5–10 years (48.4%).

Conclusion

In this study, we could obtain the preliminary data necessary to establish preventive measures, including the cause of accident and region with high accident rates. However, the number of applications for compensated injuries was very small compared to the frequency of injuries found in previous studies. The lack of appropriate treatment suggested that many firefighter injuries can become chronic. In this study, we suggest that it is necessary to introduce an injury monitoring system and improve the accessibility of compensated injuries.

Trial registration

CR318031. Registered 20 June 2018.


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  • The Impact of Firefighters’ Emotional Labor on Job Performance: The Moderating Effects of Transactional and Transformational Leadership
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    Hillary Anne Snapp, Lindsey Vanlooy, Brianna Kuzbyt, Courtney Kolberg, Denise Laffitte-Lopez, Suhrud Rajguru
    Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Hoyol Jhang, Wonjeong Jeong, Hyun-Soo Zhang, Dong-Woo Choi, Hyejung Kang, Sohee Park
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    Noah J. Carr-Pries, Shannon C. Killip, Joy C. MacDermid
    International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health.2022; 95(5): 909.     CrossRef
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    Hillary A. Snapp, Natasha Schaefer Solle, Barbara Millet, Suhrud M. Rajguru
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  • The effects of psychological risk factors at work on cognitive failures through the accident proneness
    Milad Abbasi, Mohsen Falahati, Masoumeh Kaydani, Rohollah Fallah Madvari, Ahmad Mehri, Maryam Ghaljahi, Saeid Yazdanirad
    BMC Psychology.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Shifted Firefighter Health Investigation by Personal Health Insurance Record in Taiwan
    Wei-Ching Hsu, Chun-Hsiang Wang, Kang-Ming Chang, Li-Wei Chou
    Risk Management and Healthcare Policy.2021; Volume 14: 665.     CrossRef
  • Cohort Profile: Firefighter Research on the Enhancement of Safety and Health (FRESH), a Prospective Cohort Study on Korean Firefighters
    Yun Tae Kim, Woo Jin Kim, Jee Eun Choi, Mun-joo Bae, Heeseon Jang, Chan Joo Lee, Hye-Jeong Lee, Dong Jin Im, Byoung Seok Ye, Mi-Ji Kim, Yeoju Jeong, Sung Soo Oh, Young-Chul Jung, Eun Seok Kang, Sungha Park, Seung Koo Lee, Ki Soo Park, Sang Baek Koh, Chang
    Yonsei Medical Journal.2020; 61(1): 103.     CrossRef
  • Pregnancy, childbirth, and puerperium outcomes in female firefighters in Korea
    Juha Park, Yeon-Soon Ahn, Min-Gi Kim
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Research Article
The characteristics of asbestos-related disease claims made to the Korea Workers’ Compensation and Welfare Service (KCOMWEL) from 2011 to 2015
Yon Soo An, Hyung Doo Kim, Hyeoung Cheol Kim, Kyoung Sook Jeong, Yeon Soon Ahn
Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:45.   Published online July 11, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0256-6
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

This study aimed to enhance understanding of the epidemiologic characteristics of asbestos-related diseases, and to provide information that could inform policy-making aimed at prevention and compensation for occupational asbestos exposure, through analyzing asbestos-related occupational disease claims to Korea Workers’ Compensation and Welfare Service from 2011 to 2015.

Methods

We analyzed 113 workers who filed medical care claims or survivor benefits for asbestos exposure and occupational-related disease from 2011 to 2015. Among these claims, we selected approved workers’ compensation claims relating to malignant mesothelioma and lung cancer, and analyzed the general characteristics, exposure characteristics, pathological characteristics, and occupation and industry distribution.

Results

Malignant mesothelioma and lung cancer occurred predominantly in males at 89.7 and 94%, respectively. The mean age at the time of diagnosis for malignant mesothelioma and lung cancer was 59.5 and 59.7 years, respectively, while the latency period for malignant mesothelioma and lung cancer was 34.1 and 33.1 years, respectively. The companies involving exposed workers were most commonly situated within the Busan-Ulsan-Gyeongnam region. Histology results for lung cancer indicated adenocarcinoma as the most common form, accounting for approximately one half of all claims, followed by squamous cell carcinoma, and small cell lung cancer. The most common occupation type was construction in respect of malignant mesothelioma, and shipbuilding in respect of lung cancer.

Conclusions

Considering the long latency period of asbestos and that the peak period of asbestos use in Korea was throughout the mid-1990s, damage due to asbestos-related diseases is expected to show a continued long-term increase. Few studies providing an epidemiologic analysis of asbestos-related diseases are available; therefore, this study may provide baseline data to assist in predicting and preparing for future harm due to asbestos exposure.

Trial registration

DUIH 2018–02–004-001. Registered 28 Februrary 2018.


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  • Standardized Incidence Ratio and Standardized Mortality Ratio of Malignant Mesothelioma in a Worker Cohort Using Employment Insurance Database in Korea
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  • Malignant mesothelioma in construction workers: the Apulia regional mesothelioma register, Southern Italy
    L. Vimercati, D. Cavone, A. Caputi, M. C. Delfino, L. De Maria, G. M. Ferri, G. Serio
    BMC Research Notes.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Review
Occupational Cancer Update
Yeon Soon Ahn
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(3):235-252.   Published online September 30, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.3.235
AbstractAbstract PDF
This article reviews newly available knowledge regarding occupational cancer based on an assessment of International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monograph program from 2006 to 2010. The IARC reviewed the agents to evaluate the carcinogenicity in humans according to their priority. During the last five years, the IARC has reviewed many kinds of agents, including all of the Group 1 carcinogenic agents. Agents belonging to groups other than Group 1 were also reviewed. A few agents, such as shiftwork and firefighting, were reviewed for the first time after introducing the IARC Monograph Program. Most of the reassessed Group 1 agents were reaffirmed, showing that there was sufficient evidence to prove their carcinogenicity to human beings. However, some carcinogens were correlated to the new cancer site, since it was deemed that sufficient evidence was present. For example, larynx and ovary cancer deemed to have sufficient evidence of carciongenicity relating to asbestos exposure, joining lung cancer and mesothelioma. Some agents, such as benzo(a)pyrene, ortho-toluidine, 1,3-butadiene, and others belonging to Group 2A were upgraded to Group 1 based on newly identified epidemiologic findings, along with sufficient animal and mechanistic evidence. Benzo(a)pyrene and benzidine-based dyes were classified as human carcinogens based on sufficient animal and pervasive mechanistic evidence. This new data shows that not only chemical agents but also working conditions, such as stress and shiftwork were found to apply to human carcinogenicity. The IARC listed these agents in order to prioritize their review regarding their carcinogenicity to humans. There is a great need to study these newly emerging agents suspected to relate human carcinogenicity, and deem they are worthy of notice.

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  • Sound Absorbing Properties of Selected Green Material—A Review
    Eun-Suk Jang
    Forests.2023; 14(7): 1366.     CrossRef
  • Hazardous Gas Analysis during Fire Investigation
    Dong-Hun Han, Sin-Woong Choi, So Yun Lee
    Fire Science and Engineering.2020; 34(6): 94.     CrossRef
  • Occupational cancer claims in Korea from 2010 to 2016
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    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
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  • 57 View
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Original Article
Relationship between Job Stress and Depressive Symptoms among Field Firefighters
Tae Woo Kim, Kyoo Sang Kim, Yeon Soon Ahn
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2010;22(4):378-387.   Published online December 31, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2010.22.4.378
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the relationship between job stress and depressive symptoms among field firefighters.
METHODS
We carried out a survey of 17,457 field firefighters using the KOSS-24 (Korean Occupational Stress Scales-24) and CES-D (Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale).
RESULTS
The mean CES-D score was 12.2+/-9.6 and 19.2% of subjects had depressive symptoms. Job insecurity (OR=2.70, 95% CI=2.45~2.98) and lack of reward (OR=2.41, 95% CI=2.18~2.65), occupational climate (OR=2.38, 95% CI=2.15~2.63) were strongly associated with depressive symptoms. Job demand (OR=1.89, 95% CI=1.69~2.10), insufficient job control (OR=1.14, 95% CI=1.03~1.25), interpersonal conflict (OR=2.05, 95% CI=1.87~2.26) and organizational system (OR=1.83, 95% CI=1.66~2.02) were also significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Alcohol dependence had a stronger association than with normal subjects (OR=2.39, 95% CI=2.07~2.77).
CONCLUSIONS
In field firefighters, job stress factors and alcohol dependence were associated with depressive symptoms. An intervention to reduce job stress and alcohol among field firefighters is needed to reduce depression in this population.

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    Geun Hui Won, Jin Hyeok Lee, Tae Young Choi, Seoyoung Yoon, So Yeun Kim, Ju Hyun Park
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    Junsu Byun, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, Hye-Eun Lee, Se-Eun Kim, Jongin Lee
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  • The effect of organisational system on self-rated depression in a panel of male municipal firefighters
    Se-Jin An, Yun Kyung Chung, Bong Hyun Kim, Kyeong Min Kwak, Jun-Seok Son, Jung-wan Koo, Young-Su Ju, Young-Jun Kwon
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2015;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Correlation between Fatigue and Quality of Life Caused by Stress of Researchers' Work
    Hye Joo Park, Yun Young Kim, Ki Hyun Park, Si Woo Lee, Jong-Hyang Yoo
    Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2014; 23(3): 171.     CrossRef
  • Impact of symptoms of Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders on health related Quality of Life in firefighter under the IT environment
    Gyung-Jae Oh, Jeong-Mi Lee, Chung-Yong Yang, Hyung-Ju Park, Yun-Hee Park, Chan-Uk Yoo, Eun-Yeong Kang, Bok-Hee Chong
    The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences.2014; 9(3): 311.     CrossRef
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Original Article
The Etiologic Fraction of Isocyanate-related Asthma in Isocyanate-exposed Workers
Yeon Soon Ahn, Dong Hee Koh, Ki Tae Moon
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2007;19(4):276-284.   Published online December 31, 2007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2007.19.4.276
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
Isocyanate-induced asthma is the most prevalent occupational asthma in Korea. The main purpose of this study was to estimate the etiologic fraction of isocyanate-related asthma in isocyanateexposed (EFe) workers and to measure the magnitude of preventable occupational asthma.
METHODS
Asthma admissions from 2000 to 2005 were analyzed in a cohort containing 10,861 isocyanate-exposed workers and 324,618 isocyanate non-exposed workers who underwent the specialized health examination from January, 2000 to December, 2004. The cohorts of Isocyanate and noise-exposed workers were established using the same data base of Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA). Asthma admissions were investigated by matching the National Health Insurance Claim Data (NHICD). The standardized rate ratio (SRR) of admission was estimated by Poisson regression method to allow unbiased comparisons across exposure and other variables such as age and sex. The etiologic fraction for the isocyanate-exposed (EFe) workers was calculated using this formula (Efe=SRR-1/SRR).
RESULTS
Twenty-eight asthma admissions among the isocyanate-exposed workers and 321 non-exposed workers were observed during 2000~2005. The crude admission rate was 57.2 per 100,000 person-years for the isocyanate-exposed workers and 25.0 for the noise-exposed workers. Compared to the noiseexposed workers, the isocyante-exposed workers had significantly higher asthma admission (SRR=2.80 95%CI=1.89~4.14). The etiologic fraction for the isocyanate-exposed (EFe) workers was 64%.
CONCLUSIONS
This study was limited by the restriction to admission cases and the short follow-up periods. Any difference of admission accessibility between the isocyanate-exposed and non-exposed workers will lead to either over- or under-estimation of the biased etiologic fraction for the isocyanateexposed workers. The etiologic fraction for the isocyanate-exposed workers was 64% indicated that 64% of the asthma cases occurred in the isocyanate-exposed workers are preventable through occupational health management.

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    The Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science.2021; 53(3): 249.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Occupational Malignant Lymphohematopoietic Diseases Compensated under the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance from 1996 to 2005
Yeon Soon Ahn
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2007;19(2):81-92.   Published online June 30, 2007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2007.19.2.81
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
To analyze the characteristics of malignant occupational lymphohematopoietic diseases compensated under the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance that is operated by the Korea Labor Welfare Corporation (KLWC).
METHODS
Using the KLWC database, we surveyed 50 cases of malignant occupational lymphohematopoietic diseases that received compensation during the 10 years between 1996 and 2005, inclusive. We analyzed the characteristics of occupational diseases using the KLWC electronic data and the epidemiologic data investigated by the Industrial Safety and Health Institute of the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency.
RESULTS
KLWC approved 50 cases, including 12 deaths (24.0%). Men accounted for 94.0% of the approved cases. The most common age group was 40~49 years of age (36.0%). The most common size of enterprise was larger than 1,000 workers (20.0%). The most common lymphohematopoietic disease was myeloid leukemia (21 cases, 40.0%), followed by lymphoid leukemia and aplastic anemia (7 cases, 14%) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (6 cases, 12.0%). The mean working duration was 15.1 years and the most common decade was 10~19 years (48.0%). The mean latency was 15.5 years and the most common decade was 10~19 years (44.0%). The causal hazardous agents were benzene (43 cases, 86.0%), ionizing radiation (4 cases, 8.0%), and chemotherapeutics (1 case, 2.0%).
CONCLUSIONS
We were able to elucidate the kinds of occupational malignant lymphohematopoietic diseases and the characteristics of workers through this study. Benzene exposure sources emitted from cokeoven and foundry were very important findings that had not been identified in previous studies. The KLWC compensation received by several cases of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, the results for which were not consistently related to benzene exposure, was relevant data to decide the work-relatedness of lymphohematopoietic diseases of workers exposed to benzene.

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    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Hanyang Medical Reviews.2010; 30(4): 265.     CrossRef
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    Safety and Health at Work.2010; 1(1): 61.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Occupational Diseases among Agricultural, Forestry and Fishery Workers Approved by Korea Labor Welfare Corporation
Yeon Soon Ahn, Hyun Sul Lim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2007;19(1):1-16.   Published online March 31, 2007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2007.19.1.1
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
To analyze the characteristics of occupational diseases among agricultural, forestry and fishery workers compensated under the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance that is operated by the Korea Labor Welfare Corporation (KLWC).
METHODS
Using the KLWC database, we collected 667 cases of occupational disease compensated during the 8 years between 1 January 1998 and 31 December 2005. We analyzed the characteristics of occupational diseases using the KLWC electronic data and the data investigated by the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency.
RESULTS
KLWC approved 667 cases, including 69 deaths (10.3%). Men accounted for 76.0%of the approved cases. The most common age group was 50~59 years of age (37.3%). The most common size of enterprise was 5 to 49 workers (47.5%). The proportion of occupational diseases was 54.1%, of which 45.9% was work-related. Among occupational diseases, the most common was skin diseases (147 cases, 40.7%), followed by infectious diseases (131 cases, 36.3%), including scrub typhus (123 cases) and intoxication (40 cases, 11.1%). The causal hazardous agents were biological (320 cases, 88.6%), chemical (29 cases, 8.0%), and physical (11 cases, 3.0%). The major type of industry and occupation were forestry (445 cases, 66.7%) and elementary (151 among 235 cases, 89.3%), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Major compensated occupational diseases were infectious diseases, including scrubtyphus, skin diseases and toxic disease, which occurred among workers who were older, and had short tenure and elementary occupation, and these workers were out of the occupational health policy. A management policy must be established to prevent occupational diseases occurring in such vulnerable workers.

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Original Article
Epidemiologic Characteristics Revealed with a Malignant Mesothelioma Surveillance System in Korea
Soon Hee Jung, Hyoung Ryoul Kim, Sang Baek Koh, Suk Joong Yong, Byong Soon Choi, Yeon Soon Ahn, Tae In Park, Myoung Ja Chung, Yun Mee Kim, Ji Sun Song, Yoon Kyong Chung, Joon Pyo Myung
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2006;18(1):46-52.   Published online March 31, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2006.18.1.46
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study estimated the magnitude of malignant mesothelioma and its epidemiologic features in Korea. We collected data on 160 cases for the 5-year period from 2001 to 2005.
METHODS
We established a surveillance system for malignant mesothelioma in 2001. The important participants were pathologists, and respiratory and occupational physicians. We reclassified these cases according to the date of diagnosis and calculated fatality by comparing National Mortality Data. We actively surveyed 18 cases which were diagnosed in 2004 and 2005 to evaluate their work-relatedness.
RESULTS
Among 160 cases, 18 were initially diagnosed before 1995, 57 from 1996 to 2000, 11 in 2001, 18 in 2002, 11 in 2003, 29 in 2004 and 16 in 2005. After 2001, 17cases were reported annually. Among the 86 cases which were diagnosed before 2003, 60 cases (69.8%) had died and 46(53.5%) had died within 1 year. Among the 18 cases which we surveyed, 5 were related with the construction industry, 2 with asbestos textile manufacturing industries and 1 with asbestos painting. There was no evident work relatedness in the other 10 cases, but 6 were related to environmental exposure.
CONCLUSIONS
Although this surveillance system revealed the magnitude of malignant mesothelioma in Korea, it needs to be supplemented by an active surveillance system using death certificate data and cancer registry data etc.

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Original Article
Analysis of Occupational Diseases Compensated with the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance from 2001 to 2003
Yeon Soon Ahn, Seong Kyu Kang, Kwang Jong Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004;16(2):139-154.   Published online June 30, 2004
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2004.16.2.139
AbstractAbstract PDF
AIMS: The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the occupational diseases compensated with the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance that is operated by the Korea Labor Welfare Corporation (KLWC).
METHODS
Using the KLWC database, we collected 4,240 cases of compensated occupational disease occurring between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2003. We analyzed the characteristics (sex, age, type of occupational disease, exposure material, type of industry and occupation, etc.) of occupational diseases using the KLWC electronic data and compensated with the data of claimed cases investigated by the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA).
RESULTS
KLWC approved 4,240 cases, including 1,199 deaths (28.3%). Men accounted for 92.6% (3,925 cases) of the approved cases. The most common age group was 50-59 years of age (n=1,433, 33.8%). The majority of diseases were respiratory diseases (2,906 cases, 68.5%), occupational hearing loss (687 cases, 16.2%), infectious disease (238 cases, 5.6%), intoxication (117 cases, 2.8%), skin diseases (111 cases, 2.6%) and cancer (41 cases, 1.0%). The causal hazardous agents were dust (2,870 cases, 67.7%), physical agents (770 cases, 18.2%), biological agents (301 cases, 7.1%), chemical agents (242 cases, 5.7%), and heavy metals (51 cases, 1.2%). The major types of industry were mining and quarrying (2,708 cases, 63.9%), manufacturing (1,112 cases, 26.2%), health and social work (159 cases, 3.8%) and construction (63 cases, 1.5%). The type of occupation included craft and related trades workers (2,622 cases, 61.8%), elementary occupations (730 cases, 17.2%), senior officials and managers (327 cases, 7.7%) and plant and machine operators and assemblers (225 cases, 5.3%).
CONCLUSIONS
We were able to elucidate the kinds of occupational disease and the characteristics of workers through this study. Many compensation cases occurred among non-manufacturing and non-mining workers, especially health care workers, and there were various kinds of disease. This suggests that a management policy must be established to prevent occupational diseases occurring among workers in the above types of industry.

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Original Article
Occupational Diseases on Health Care workers Approved by Korea Labor Welfare Corporation
Hyun Sul Lim, Yeon Soon Ahn
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2003;15(2):196-204.   Published online June 30, 2003
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2003.15.2.196
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was carried out to analyze the characteristics of occupational diseases among health care workers in Korea.
METHODS
Using the database of the Korea Labor Welfare Corporation (KLWC), 5, 460 approved occupational disease cases, between Jan 1, 1999 and Dec 31, 2000, and approved by the Jun 30, 2001, were collected. Of these, the 142 health care worker cases were investigated.
RESULTS
The proportion of health care workers among the total cases reported in 1999 and 2000 was 2.6%, respectively. The diseases were infectious in 61 (43.0%), cerebro-cardiovascular in 60 (42.3%) and musculoskeletal in 18 cases (12.6%). The distributions of the occupational diseases by sex were 59 (41.5%) and 83 cases (58.5%), in males and females, respectively. The distributions of the occupational diseases by age were 64 (45.1%), 30 (21.1%), 25 (17.6%) and 17 cases (12.0%), in their 20s, 30s, 40s and 50s, respectively. For the cases of infectious diseases by age there were 48 (78.7%) in their 20s and 12 (19.7%) in their 30s, for the cases of cerebro-cardiovascular diseases by age there were 17 (28.3%) in their 40s, 16 (26.7%) in their 50s and 12 (20.0%) in their 20s, and for the cases of musculoskeletal diseases there were 7 (38.9%) in their 30s and 4 (22.2%) in their 20s. The distributions of the cases of occupational diseases by department were 64 (45.1%), 19 (13.4%), 18 (12.7%), and 10 (7.0%) in the nursing, doctors, officers, and food services departments, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The major occupational diseases of health care workers, as approved by the KLWC, were the infectious, cerebro-cardiovascular and musculoskeletal diseases. A special management policy must be considered to prevent occupational diseases of health care workers in Korea.

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Original Article
Analysis of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disease by Approved Korea Labor Welfare Corporation in 1999
Yeon Soon Ahn, Yong Hyu Choi, Seong Kyu Kang, Ho Keun Chung
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2002;14(2):154-168.   Published online June 30, 2002
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2002.14.2.154
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of workrelated musculoskeletal diseases, as listed by the Korea Labor Welfare Corporation (KLWC).
METHODS
Using the database of the KLWC, we collected information from 410 approved occupational musculoskeletal disease cases, which occurred between 1 January and 31 December 1999 and were approved by 30 June in 2000. We investigated the characteristics of the disease using a mail survey and telephone interviews. The characteristics we investigated included : sex, age, disease-related working duration, process of disease occurrence, type of enterprises, etc.
RESULTS
Men accounted for 75.6 % (310 workers) of the approved cases. The most common age group was 30-39 years (n=143, 34.9 %). The mean disease-related working duration was 5.7 years, and the most commonly had a work-duration of 1-5 years (n=108, 36.0 %). The major industrial types of enterprise were manufacturing (235 workers, 57.3 %), transportation (46 workers, 11.2 %), and construction (25 workers, 6.1 %). Within the manufacturing industry, the most common was motor vehicles and trailers manufacturing. Within the group, the most common jobs were plant or machine operators and assemblers (129 workers, 36.5 %), elementary occupations (90 workers, 25.5 %), and craft and related trades workers (63 workers, 17.8 %). The majority of the diseases involved lumbar problems (232 cases, 54.7 %), neck and upper extremity diseases (183 cases, 43.2 %) and lower extremity diseases (9 cases, 2.1 %). In the cases of lumbar disease, the mean age and working duration was 36.5 years and 4.7 years, respectively. Fifty-four cases of lumbar diseases were due to repetitive work and 89 due to non-repetitive work. Bad posture at work was the most common cause for those doing repetitive work(23 cases), and lifting the most common cause of problems in the non-repetitive work cases (27).
CONCLUSIONS
We were able to elucidate the characteristics of workers with approved occupational musculoskeletal disease through this study. Many approved cases occurred in women, and workers performing repetitive work, of these herniated nucleus pulposus occurred in many workers performing simple repetitive works without serious external forces. This suggests that a prevention policy for occupational musculoskeletal disease must be established, to focusing on the above-mentioned high-risk groups.

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  • Effects of Physical Burden and Musculoskeletal Symptoms on Job Stress in Hospital Workers
    Dong-Hyun Kim, Yoo-Mi Chae, Hee-Kwang Kim
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    Kyoo-Sang Kim, Hee-Gyeong Jeon, Day-Sung Kim
    Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea.2012; 31(5): 671.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Analysis of Occupational Disease by Approved Korea Labor Welfare Corporation in 1999
Yeon Soon Ahn, Seong Kyu Kang, Hyun Gil Kwon, Ho Keun Chung
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2001;13(4):449-460.   Published online December 31, 2001
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2001.13.4.449
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of occupational diseases listed by Korea Labor Welfare Corporation(KLWC).
METHODS
Using the database of the KLWC, we collected 575 approved occupational disease cases occurring between 1 January and 31 December 1999 and approved by the thirtieth June in 2000. We investigated the characteristics(sex, age, occupational history, kinds of occupational disease, exposure material, type of enterprises, etc.) of occupational disease using a mail survey and telephone interviews.
RESULTS
Men accounted for 88.9 %(511 workers) of the approved cases. 56 cases(9.7%) died of occupational disease. The most common age group was 50~59 years of age(n=217, 37.7 %). The proportion of workers with grater than ten years disease related working condition exposure were 195(49.0 %). The majority of diseases were respiratory problems(211 workers, 22.4 %), occupational hearing loss(149 workers, 25.9 %), infectious disease(69 workers, 12.0 %), intoxication(60 workers, 10.4 %), skin disease(29 workers, 5.0 %) and cancer(17 workers, 3.0 %). The causal hazardous agents were dusts(209 cases, 36.3 %), physical agents(157 cases, 27.3 %), chemical agents(89 cases, 16.3 %), biological agents(82 cases, 14.3 %) and workrelated agents(34 cases, 5.9 %). The major types of enterprise were manufacturing(262 workers, 45.6 %), mining and quarrying(174 workers, 30.3 %), public administration(42 workers, 7.3 %) and the health care industry(28 workers, 4.9 %). The kinds of job included craft and related trades workers(285 workers, 49.6 %), plant or machine operators and assemblers(139 workers, 24.2 %), elementary occupations(72 workers, 12.5 %) and professionals(28 workers, 4.9 %).
CONCLUSIONS
We were able to elucidate the kinds of occupational disease and the characteristics of workers through this study. Many approved cases occurred among nonmanufacturing and non-mining workers and the kinds of disease were varied. This suggests that management policy must be established to prevent occupational disease occurring among workers in the above type of industries.

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    Han-Suk Jung, Hajime Tanabe, Toshifumi Kuwaoka, Minae Amano, Yasushi Onodera, Takashi Inouchi, Yuichi Imoto, Keiichi Tanabe
    Journal of the Korea Safety Management and Science.2015; 17(2): 107.     CrossRef
  • Work-related infectious diseases among Korean workers compensated under the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Law, 2006–2011
    Jun-Pyo Myong, Yeon-Soon Ahn, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, Youn Jeong Kim, Chung Yill Park, Jung-Wan Koo
    International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health.2013; 19(4): 344.     CrossRef
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    Kyoo-Sang Kim, Hee-Gyeong Jeon, Day-Sung Kim
    Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea.2012; 31(5): 671.     CrossRef
  • Occupational Hepatic Disorders in Korea
    Hyoung Ryoul Kim, Tae Woo Kim
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S36.     CrossRef
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    Dae-Seong Kim, Seong-Kyu Kang
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S105.     CrossRef
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    Kyeong-Sook Choi, Seong-Kyu Kang
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S87.     CrossRef
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    Eun-A Kim, Won Jin Lee, Mia Son, Seong-Kyu Kang
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S99.     CrossRef
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    Hye-Eun Lee, Hyoung Ryoul Kim
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S94.     CrossRef
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Review
Occupational Cancer in Korea in the 1990s
Seong Kyu Kang, Yeon Soon Ahn, Ho Keun Chung
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2001;13(4):351-359.   Published online December 31, 2001
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2001.13.4.351
AbstractAbstract PDF
The proportion of cancer as a cause of death in Korean has been continuously increasing. In 2000, 24 %(59,020 of 247,346) of deaths were caused by cancer. Occupational exposure would have contributed to the development of some cancers. It would have accounted for more than 2,000 cancers in a year if 4% of all cancer or 10% of lung cancer was regarded as arising from the work environment. However, occupational cancer has not been reported as much as expected. The first case of occupational cancer reported officially was mesothelioma caused by asbestos exposure at an asbestos textile industry in 1992. Following the report, many cases of occupational cancers have been reported such as lung cancer due to exposure to asbestos, chromium, exhaust gases, coke oven emissions, and silica, as well as leukemia due to exposure to benzene or other solvent and bladder cancer arising from exposure to benzidine salts. The Health Examination for retirees has been conducted since 1992 in order to detect occupational cancer early in workers who have been exposed to 11 carcinogenic substances. However, to date no occupational cancer has been detected through the Retirees' Health Examination. The Korea Labor Welfare Corporation(KLWC) has referred 108 claims for occupational cancer to the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency(KOSHA) between 1992 and 2000. Thirty-three cases were accepted, including 14 cases of lung cancer, eight cases of hematopoietic cancer and six cases of mesothelioma. KLWC has accepted the claim for primary lung cancer developed with pneumoconiosis as an occupational cancer, of which there were 31 cases in 1999 and 61 cases in 2000. In conclusion, special attention is required to detect occupational cancer due to their long latency period and the fact they are usually found after retirement.

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    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2014; 29(Suppl): S66.     CrossRef
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    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2014; 29(11): 1473.     CrossRef
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    Eun-A Kim, Seong-Kyu Kang
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2013;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Kyung-Taek Rim
    Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention.2013; 14(6): 3379.     CrossRef
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    Seong-Kyu Kang, Eun A Kim
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S4.     CrossRef
  • Occupational Burden of Cancer in Korea
    Eun-A Kim, Hye-Eun Lee, Seong-Kyu Kang
    Safety and Health at Work.2010; 1(1): 61.     CrossRef
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    Eun-A Kim, Won Jin Lee, Mia Son, Seong-Kyu Kang
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S99.     CrossRef
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    Hye-Eun Lee, Hyoung Ryoul Kim
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S94.     CrossRef
  • Asbestos-related Occupational Cancers Compensated under the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance in Korea
    Yeon-Soon AHN, Seong-Kyu KANG
    Industrial Health.2009; 47(2): 113.     CrossRef
  • Occupational exposure to benzene in South Korea
    Seong-Kyu Kang, Mi-Young Lee, Tae-Kyun Kim, Jeong-Oh Lee, Yeon Soon Ahn
    Chemico-Biological Interactions.2005; 153-154: 65.     CrossRef
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Review
The Present Status and Perspective of Nationwide Occupational Diseases Surveillance System
Seong Kyu Kang, Young Koo Jee, Yeon Soon Ahn, Hyoung Ok Kim, Mi Na Ha, Ho Jang Kwon, Nam Jong Paik, Seong Ah Kim, Yun Chul Hong, Jai Yong Kim, Dae Hee Kang, Hye Sun Jung, Eun Hee Ha
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2001;13(2):116-126.   Published online June 30, 2001
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2001.13.2.116
AbstractAbstract PDF
No abstract available.

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    Wanhyung Lee, Yongho Lee, Junhyeong Lee, Uijin Kim, Eunsun Han, Seunghon Ham, Won-Jun Choi, Seong-Kyu Kang
    Safety and Health at Work.2022; 13(1): 112.     CrossRef
  • Occupational Skin Diseases in Korea
    Yeon-Soon Ahn, Min-Gi Kim
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S46.     CrossRef
  • Occupational Diseases in Korea
    Seong-Kyu Kang, Eun A Kim
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S4.     CrossRef
  • Asbestos-related Occupational Cancers Compensated under the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance in Korea
    Yeon-Soon AHN, Seong-Kyu KANG
    Industrial Health.2009; 47(2): 113.     CrossRef
  • Occupational Infectious Diseases among Korean Health Care Workers Compensated with Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance from 1998 to 2004
    Yeon-Soon AHN, Hyun-Sul LIM
    Industrial Health.2008; 46(5): 448.     CrossRef
  • Occupational hand–arm vibration syndrome in Korea
    Cheolin Yoo, Ji-Ho Lee, Choong-Ryeol Lee, Yangho Kim, Hun Lee, Younghee Choi, Young Wook Kim, Chang Ho Chae, Hyokyoung Kim, Sang Baek Koh, Euna Kim, Lu Jin Lee, Kiyoung Lee
    International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health.2005; 78(5): 363.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Analysis of Claimed Cases as an Occupational Disease at Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency from 1992 to 1999
Seong Kyu Kang, Kyoo Sang Kim, Yangho Kim, Jung Keun Choi, Yeon Soon Ahn, Yeong Woo Jin, Byong Soon Choi, Jeong Sun Yang, Euna Kim, Chang Ho Chae, Yong Hue Choi, Dae Seong Kim, Jung Sun Park, Ho Keun Chung
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2000;12(2):292-301.   Published online June 30, 2000
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2000.12.2.292
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
Pneumoconisis and noise-induced hearing loss(NIHL) have been reported as main occupational diseases by the Special Health Examination. The Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance has reported various work-related diseases, however, these two diseases occupied almost a half of compensated cases. Therefore, it was not well known about the status of occupational diseases other than pneumoconiosis, NIHL, and cardiocerebrovascular accident(CVA). This study was conducted to analyze claimed cases as an occupational disease, that was requested to the Korea Industrial Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA).
METHODS
The local office of the Korea Labor Welfare Corporation(KLWC) has asked the KOSHA for confirmation of claimed cases as an occupational disease. We analyzed 379 cases requested from KLWC, the Ministry of Labor, employers, unions and occupational health agencies from 1992 to 1999.
RESULTS
Male was 80. 7 % of the requested cases. Their mean age was 42 years old and 75. 5 % of them were more than 35 years old. The requested cases were increased rapidly from 25 cases in 1992 to 108 cases in 1999 and the accept rate was 50. 7 %. The majority of requested cases were respiratory diseases(22.4 %), cancers(18.5 %), Neuropsychiatric problems (14. 5 %), and musculoskeletal problems (13. 5 %). The accept rate was high in reproductive, respiratory, musculoskeletal and digestive disorders and low in neuropsychiatric, renal and otologic problems and occupational cancers. 73. 6 % of them were caused by chemical agents, especially 28. 5 % were by organic solvents. 67 % of them were clinically confirmed at university hospitals. A half of the cases were from KyongIn area, even the request came from the whole country.
CONCLUSIONS
A claim was common in workers whose age was over 35 years old and exposure history was over 10 years. The respiratory diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders were still main problems in occupational health and occupational cancers was increasing even though its accept rate was not high yet.

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    Chemico-Biological Interactions.2005; 153-154: 65.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Pneumoconiosis with Workers of Manufacturing Industry in Incheon
Yeon Soon Ahn, Kyoo Sang Kim, Ho Keun Chung, Il Soon Whang, Jaehoon Roh
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1997;9(4):589-603.   Published online December 31, 1997
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1997.9.4.589
AbstractAbstract PDF
Most of pneumoconiosis found in Korea can be categorized in coal worker's pneumoconiosis. However, in recent years, pneumoconiosis has been frequently found in the workers of manufacturing factories. Accordingly, this study was carried out to investigate relationship of dust exposure history and development and progress of pneumoconiosis. Chest radiographs, history of dust exposure, and other data of 144 workers, who were diagnosed as suspecter pneumoconiosis (0/l) or pneumoconiosis in special health examination center in Incheon from 1986 to 1996, were reviewed. The results were as follows ; 1. According to the type of main exposure, most common type of exposure was foundry dust(93workers, 64.6%), followed by welding fume(16workers, 11.1%), talc dust, lime dust and etc. 2. Among 144 workers, the history of dust exposure was investigated in 86 workers. Mean ages of 86 workers at the present study, initial exposure to the dusts, and at the time of initial diagnosis as having pneumoconiosis were 52.1, 29.1 and 46.5 years, respectively. The mean duration of exposure was 17.3 years. 3. Comparing the type of main exposure with dust exposure history, initially exposed age of welders, foundry workers, workers exposed to coal dust and other dusts were 24.6, 30.7, 28.0 and 28.5 years, respectively. Ages at the time of diagnosis as having pneumoconiosis of welders, foundry workers, coal dust and other dusts were 41.3, 49.3, 46.4 and 44.1 years, respectively. The duration of exposure to main dust of welders, foundry workers, workers exposed to coal dust and other dusts were 16.8, 18.2, 13.3 and 11.6 years, respectively. Therefore initially exposed age was significant difference between the welders and the foundry workers (p<.05). Age which was diagnosed pneumoconiosis was significant difference between the welders, workers exposed to other dusts and the foundry workers (p<.01). And exposure duration of main dust was significant difference between the workers exposed to other dusts and foundry workers (p<.01) 4. Initially diagnosed X-ray category of the workers were category 0/l (76workers, 52.8%), 1/0 (35workers, 24.3%) Therefore, workers' pneumoconiosis of manufacturing factories was mild, relatively. And there was no significant difference between initially diagnosed X-ray category of the workers and dust exposure history. 5. Among 97 workers, who could follow up more than 1 year, 60 workers(61.9%) were not changed, 24 workers (24.7%) were progressed, 13 workers (13.4%) were improved in their initially diagnosed X-ray category. Among 11 welders, initially diagnosed X-ray category of 5 welders(45.5%) were improved and of only 1 welder was progressed. But, among 19 workers exposed to other dusts, 10 (52.6%) workers were progressed and none of them were improved. 6. Among 53 workers, who were Initially diagnosed X-ray category was 0/l, 12 workers (22.6%) were progressed and 5 workers (9.4%) were improved in their initially diagnosed X-ray category. And among 40 workers, who were initially diagnosed X-ray category was 1, 12 workers(30.0%) were progressed and 7 workers(17.5%) were improved. Above results suggest that not a few workers of manufacturing factories have pneumoconiosis and their pneumoconiosis is progressed. Therefore, we have to prepare management plan and to study epidemiologic findings of pneumoconiosis with workers of manufacturing factories.

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    Jin-Ha Yoon, Yeon-Soon Ahn, Suminori Akiba
    PLoS ONE.2014; 9(2): e88264.     CrossRef
  • Occupational Diseases in Korea
    Seong-Kyu Kang, Eun A Kim
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S4.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Biological Monitorings of Workers Exposed to Toluene diisocyanate
Yeon Soon Ahn, Jae Hoon Roh, Chi Nyon Kim, Yun Jung Park, Sang Hyuk Jung
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1995;7(2):354-361.   Published online October 31, 1995
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1995.7.2.354
AbstractAbstract PDF
Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) is widely used in the production of flexible polyurethane foams, as well as in the formulation of polyurethane paints and coatings. The commercial material is generally a mixture of 2,4- and 2,6-TDI, the predominant mix being 80% 2,4 and 20% 2,6-TDI. The 2,4-isomer is considerably more reactive than the 2,6-TDI at ambient temperatures due to steric factors involving the positions of the isocyanate groups relative to the ring methyl group. Because of this difference in the reactivities of the isomers, it seemed probable that there might be an increase in the amount of 2,6-TDI offgased relative to the 2,4-isomer. Therfore a relative enrichment of the 2,6-TDI has been found in industrial atmospheres. Toluene diamines, which are metabolites of TDI, in urine have a linear relation with exposure to TDI, so that urianry TDA could be used as a biological index of the exposure to TDI. This study was conducted to investigate the distribution of TDI isomer in industrial atmospheres and to propose proper biological monitoring methods by identifying the relationships between the environmental TDI exposure and concentration of TDA in urine. Concentrations of 2,4-TDI and 2,6-TDI in air were 4.38microgram/m3 and 25.43microgram/m3, respectively. The Threshold Limited Value of 40microgram/m3 was exceeded for the 2,6-TDI in about 46.8% (22samples) of the samples, while the 2,4-TDI was not at all exceeded. The ratio between 2,4-TDI and 2,6-TDI varied in air samples in the range, of 2.4%:97.6%-51.0%:49.0%. There was an enrichment of 2,6-TDI in air relative to the 2,4-TDL Concentrations of 2,4-TDA and 2,6-TDA in urine were 1.31microgram/g creatinine and 4.16microgram/g creatinine, respectively. The ratio between 2, 4-TDA and 2,6-TDA varied in urine samples in the range of 1.4%:98.6%-99.9%:0.1%. There was an enrichment of 2,6-TDA in urine relative to the 2,4-TDA. No relation between the concerations of TDA isomer in urine and concerations of TDI isomer in air was found. Above results of this study, workers were more exposed to the 2,6-TDI relative to the 2,4-TDI in industrial atmospheres. Therefore, the establishment of TLV for 2,6-TDI should be considered. Also, the further studies on biological monitorigs of workers exposed to TDI should be continued.

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    Jong Seong Lee, Boowook Kim, Jungah Shin, JinEe Baek, Jae Hoon Shin, Ji-hye Kim
    Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.2016; 26(2): 178.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Benzidine Exposure Among Benzidine-based Dye Manufacturing Workers
Jae Hoon Roh, Yeon Soon Ahn, Kyoo Sang Kim, Chi Nyon Kim, Hyun Soo Kim
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1995;7(2):347-353.   Published online October 31, 1995
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1995.7.2.347
AbstractAbstract PDF
To evaluate,the differences of benzidine exposure patterns of the workers in two benzidine-based dye manufacturing factories, the concentration of benzidine: in. air, blood, and urine were measured. The air levels of benzidine dihydrochloride and benzidine-based dye were measured by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detector. Blood samples were collected at 3 hours after exposure and urine samples were collected at the end of shift. Blood and urine samples were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detector. The level of benzidine in reaction process (input, diazotization, and coupling); was 0.381+/-7950 g/m3. The blood benzidine was deteced in 25 workers among 38 in reaction process and their mean levels were 0.0153?0376 ng/mg Hb. The urinary benzidine was detected for 11 workers among 38 workers in the reaction process. The level of benzidine-based dye in drying and packing process was 52.1748+/-4.4111g/m3. The blood benzidine was deteced in 6 workers among 38 in drying and packing process and their mean levels was 0.0062+/-0274 ng/mg Hb. The urinary benzidine was detected for 1 worker among 38 workers exposed to benzidine-based dye. The blood and urinary benzidine were detected in workers exposed to benzidine-based dye. Such results suggested that some part of benzidine-based dye was metaboized to benzidine. Therefore, some regulations for manufacturing and use of the benzidine-based dye are needed to prevent its hazards in industries.

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  • A work-relatedness assessment in epidemiological case investigation of occupational cancers: II. Practice: an upper urinary tract cancer in a dyer
    Kihun Kim, Hyeoncheol Oh, Jungwon Kim
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Original Article
A Study on the Practical Behavior of Health Care Managers at the Worksite
Jae Hee Lee, Jae Hoon Roh, Kyoo Sang Kim, Yeon Soon Ahn
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1995;7(1):88-100.   Published online February 28, 1995
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1995.7.1.88
AbstractAbstract PDF
This study was conducted to find out the characteristics, type of the duty and job satisfaction of health care managers at the worksite. The subjects of this study were 306 health care managers serving at worksite situated in Kyungin presently in 1994, concerning their job. Major depedent variables were health management, environmental management, and health planning related with health care managers' job; these variables were measured by nominal scale consisted of 9 items respectively. The collected data were analysed and some major results are as follows; 1. It appeared that according to the qualification of health care managers, nurses showed high performing rate in duty of health managerment and health planning, Industrial hygienist showed high performing rate relating to working environmemt managemant, and regarding their holding an additional post, the number of environmental managers held more an additionnal post than other qualified managers, thereby showing significant relatively, and however, no relation with qualification was there in decision making. 2. The performing rate relatiag to health management was significantly correlate with female, youth, unmarried, higher education, general affairs in post of duty, general employee in position, only duty of health, low monthly income and nurse. But, the performing rate relating to environmental management was significantly correlate with manufacturing industries, industrial health and safety committee, male, old age, married, long work duration, additional post, high monthly income, and hygienist and environmental managers. The performing rate relating to health planning was significantly correlate with the performing rate relating to health and environmental management, but the performing rate relating to health management was not significantly correlate with the performing rate relating to environmental management. 3. In multiple regression analysis, common major determinants of the performing duty relating to health management, environmental management and health planning were industrial health and safety committee, type of industry, education, and qualification of industry's health care managers. Additionally, age was selected as highly correlated with the performing duty relating to environmental management, and work duration and post of duty of health care managers in industry were selected as highly correlated with the performing duty relating to health planning, Based on the results indicated above, it could be understood that characteristics of the worksite-industrial health and safety committee, scale and types of industry, and characteristics of health care managers-age, education, post of duty, work duration and qualification had relations with their type of the duty. Therefore, it is required that the reference to the above-showing results such as guiding for them to precisely grasp their performing duty according to their qualification, heightening their participation in decision-making, extending the industrial health service, etc., operation and management of health care managers at the worksite should be made into being more efficient.

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  • Economic Evaluation of a Workplace Occupational Health Nursing Service: Based on Comparison with Atmospheric Environment Managing Engineer
    Hye-Sun Jung, Bokim Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2013; 43(4): 507.     CrossRef
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    Jung-Ah Yun, Soon-Lae Kim, Hye-Sun Jung
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    Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2011; 20(1): 83.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Perception, Attitude and Praetical Behavioral Change of Industrial Health Care Manager toward Group Health Care System
Kyoo Sang Kim, Jaehoon Roh, Yeon Soon Ahn
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1994;6(2):411-420.   Published online September 30, 1994
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1994.6.2.411
AbstractAbstract PDF
To evaluate the change of perception, attitude and practice toward Group Health Care Systerl for small and medium industries, a survey using self-administered questionnaire was conducted to a part of industries in Inchon area, in year 1992 and 1993. major dependent variables were perception, attitude, and practical behavioral change related with Croup Health Care System ; these variables were measured by 3-point Likert like scale. 47 industries were used in analysis. Psrception of year 1993 was higher (1.25) than that (1 34) of 1992. Attitude of yeal. 1993 was also slightly higher (1.46) than that (1.43) of 1992. Both data indicated positive attitude. Practice of year 1993 was slightly lewer (0.86) tHan that (0.90) of 1992, but its change didn't have any statistical significance. In year 1992, major determinants of perception, attitude and behaviral change were sex and age of industrial health care manager ; they had positive efffct upon perception and practice. In yeal. 1993, it was sex of health care manager; it had influenced upon practice. Both year 1992 and 1993, perception was higher and attitude was more positive. In the case of higher perception or positive attitude, practice was active accordingly. To accelerate the behavioral change of health care manager, it is necessary to eaucate them continuously.

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  • Practice status of specialized agencies for occupational health management of small- to medium-size enterprises and the factors improving their performance: a cross-sectional survey study
    Saerom Lee, Jun-Pyo Myong, Eun-A Kim, Huisu Eom, Bowha Choi, Young Joong Kang
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
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