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Research Article
The relationship between precarious employment and subjective well-being in Korean wage workers through the Cantril ladder Scale
Go Choi, Shin-Goo Park, Youna Won, Hyeonwoo Ju, Sung Wook Jang, Hyung Doo Kim, Hyun-Suk Jang, Hwan-Cheol Kim, Jong-Han Leem
Ann Occup Environ Med 2020;32:e11.   Published online April 17, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e11
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

The global labor market is moving towards increasing job instability. Relatively few studies have examined the relationship between precarious employment and subjective well-being using quantitative scales. We evaluated the association between wage workers' employment status and their subjective well-being through the Cantril ladder scale using Korean Welfare Panel Survey data (KOWEPS).

Methods

This study used KOWEPS data. A total of 4,423 wage workers were divided into permanently employed workers, temporarily employed workers and daily employed workers. The relationship between precarious employment and subjective well-being was analyzed by multiple linear regression adjusted for potential confounding factors.

Results

The more unstable the employment status, the lower the subjective well-being, which can be expressed by the Cantril ladder scale. The mean score of both temporarily employed and daily employed workers were statistically significantly lower (B = −0.454, p < 0.001; B = −0.994, p < 0.001, respectively) than permanently employed workers. This appeared to be the same when occupational and sociodemographic factors were adjusted (B = −0.153, p = 0.002 for temporarily employed, B = −0.610, p < 0.001 for daily employed).

Conclusions

The more unstable the employment status, the lower the subjective well-being score according to the Cantril ladder scale.


Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Interaction between old age and precarious employment on poor mental well‐being in workers: Evidence from a nationally representative sample in Korea
    Seong‐Uk Baek, Yu‐Min Lee, Jong‐Uk Won, Jin‐Ha Yoon
    International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The relationships between precarious employment, having a calling, and occupational well-being among young nurses: a cross-sectional study
    Tanja Pesonen, Anu Nurmeksela, Marja Hult
    BMC Health Services Research.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Individual Employment Choices, Higher Education and Subjective Well-Being—Empirical Analysis Based on CGSS2021 Data
    曦煜 梁
    Advances in Education.2023; 13(10): 7806.     CrossRef
  • Increased risk of sleep problems according to employment precariousness among paid employees in Korea
    Seong Chan Gong, Sungjin Park
    American Journal of Industrial Medicine.2023; 66(10): 876.     CrossRef
  • Visual Impairment in Hemodialyzed Patients—An IVIS Study
    Leszek Sułkowski, Mateusz Rubinkiewicz, Andrzej Matyja, Maciej Matyja
    Medicina.2023; 59(6): 1106.     CrossRef
  • Associations between precarious employment and smoking and regular exercise: Results from a Korean longitudinal panel study from 2005 to 2020
    Seong-Uk Baek, Jin-Ha Yoon, Jong-Uk Won
    Preventive Medicine.2023; 168: 107420.     CrossRef
  • Predictors of subjective well-being in Korean men and women: Analysis of nationwide panel survey data
    Inmyung Song, Hye-Jae Lee, José Antonio Ortega
    PLOS ONE.2022; 17(2): e0263170.     CrossRef
  • Association between Precarious Employment and Smoking and Regular Exercise: Results from Nationally Representative Surveys from 2005 to 2020
    Seong-Uk Baek, Jin-Ha Yoon, Jong-Uk Won
    SSRN Electronic Journal .2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Multidimensional Inventory of Students Quality of Life—MIS-QOL
    Robert Szydło, Sylwia Wiśniewska, Małgorzata Ćwiek
    Sustainability.2020; 13(1): 60.     CrossRef
  • 209 View
  • 4 Download
  • 10 Web of Science
  • 9 Crossref
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Research Article
Korean translation and validation of the Workplace Positive emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment (PERMA)-Profiler
Seong Pil Choi, Chunhui Suh, Jae Won Yang, Byung Jin Ye, Chae Kwan Lee, Byung Chul Son, Maro Choi
Ann Occup Environ Med 2019;31:e17.   Published online August 13, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2019.31.e17

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AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

No tool is available for the multidimensional measurement of workplace well-being among Korean workers. In this study, the Workplace Positive emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment (PERMA)-Profiler, a multidimensional workplace well-being measure, was translated into Korean, and its validity and reliability were assessed.

Methods

The Workplace PERMA-Profiler, including the positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment domains, was translated according to international guidelines. The questionnaires included the Workplace PERMA-Profiler, Mental Health Continuum-Short Form, Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey, Psychosocial Well-being Index-Short Form, and Korean Occupational Stress Scale-Short Form. A total of 316 Korean workers completed a web-based survey with adequate response. Cronbach's alpha values were calculated to assess scale reliability, and correlational and confirmatory factor analyses were used to assess validity.

Results

Cronbach's alpha values for the Korean Workplace PERMA-Profiler ranged from 0.70 to 0.95. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the 5-factor model had a marginally acceptable fit [χ2(80) = 383.04, comparative fit index = 0.909, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.881, root mean square error of approximation = 0.110, and standardized root mean square residual = 0.054]. The 5-factor PERMA domains were correlated positively with work engagement and mental well-being in life, and negatively with burnout, occupational stressors, and stress responses. These results showed that the Workplace PERMA-Profiler has good convergent and divergent validity.

Conclusions

The Korean version of the Workplace PERMA-Profiler had good reliability and validity. It might be used as an indicator or evaluation tool for positive mental health interventions in the workplace.


Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • The validation of Chinese version of workplace PERMA-profiler and the association between workplace well-being and fatigue
    Chen–Cheng Yang, Hsiang-Tai Chen, Kuei-Hau Luo, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Hung-Yi Chuang, Chih-Wei Wu, Chia–Yen Dai, Chao-Hung Kuo, Norito Kawakami
    BMC Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Psychometric validation of the PERMA-profiler for well-being in Chinese adults
    Yi-Zi Nie, Xu Zhang, Ning-Wei Hong, Chao Zhou, Qian-Qian Huang, Shu-Yan Cao, Chen Wang
    Acta Psychologica.2024; 246: 104248.     CrossRef
  • PERMA to PERMA+4 building blocks of well-being: A systematic review of the empirical literature
    Victoria Cabrera, Stewart I. Donaldson
    The Journal of Positive Psychology.2024; 19(3): 510.     CrossRef
  • Does Changing a Scale’s Context Impact Its Psychometric Properties? A Comparison Using the PERMA-Profiler and the Workplace PERMA-Profiler
    Sean P. M. Rice
    Merits.2024; 4(2): 109.     CrossRef
  • Sources of Joy in Medical Educators as Described by the PERMA Model
    Madeline Lagina, Cyril Grum, Gurjit Sandhu, Allison L. Ruff
    Teaching and Learning in Medicine.2024; 36(1): 53.     CrossRef
  • A study on the construction and validation of pathways to the sustainable well-being of Chinese vocational students in the post-epidemic era
    Jian-Hong Ye, Yu-Tai Wu, Yu-Feng Wu, Mei-Yen Chen, Weiguaju Nong, Yi-Sang Lee
    Current Psychology.2024; 43(8): 7511.     CrossRef
  • The efficacy of employee strengths interventions on desirable workplace outcomes
    Alexandra J. Bratty, Nicole C. Dennis
    Current Psychology.2024; 43(18): 16514.     CrossRef
  • Modifying the PERMA profiler to assess student well-being
    Kah Loong Chue, Amelia Yeo, Youyan Nie, Lee Chin Chew
    Current Psychology.2024; 43(4): 3749.     CrossRef
  • Subjective Representations of the Health of Preschool Teachers
    E.N. Volkova, N.A. Rudnova, A.M. Kalimullin
    Social Psychology and Society.2023; 14(2): 103.     CrossRef
  • Flourishing in the Brazilian context: Evidence of the validity of the PERMA-profiler scale
    Thainá Ferraz de Carvalho, Sibele Dias de Aquino, Jean Carlos Natividade
    Current Psychology.2023; 42(3): 1828.     CrossRef
  • A magyar nyelvű PERMA Jóllét Profil kérdőív megbízhatóságának és érvényességének vizsgálata
    Balázs András Varga, Attila Oláh, András Vargha
    Mentálhigiéné és Pszichoszomatika.2022; 23(1): 33.     CrossRef
  • The Associations Between Job Strain, Workplace PERMA Profiler, and Work Engagement
    Chen-Cheng Yang, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Norito Kawakami
    Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine.2022; 64(5): 409.     CrossRef
  • Factors of Psychological Well-being in Russian Youth
    O.M. Isaeva, A.Y. Akimova, E.N. Volkova
    Psychological Science and Education.2022; 27(4): 24.     CrossRef
  • An Assessment of the Reliability and Validity of the PERMA Well-Being Scale for Adult Undergraduate Students in an Open and Distance Learning Context
    Ishmael Magare, Marien Alet Graham, Irma Eloff
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(24): 16886.     CrossRef
  • PERMA-Profiler: the Approbation of the Russian Version
    O.M. Isaeva, A.Y. Akimova, E.N. Volkova
    Social Psychology and Society.2022; 13(3): 116.     CrossRef
  • Toward a More PERMA(nent) Conceptualization of Worker Well-Being?
    William P. Jimenez, Xiaoxiao Hu, Rebecca Garden, Xiaofei Xie
    Journal of Personnel Psychology.2022; 21(2): 94.     CrossRef
  • 399 View
  • 17 Download
  • 17 Web of Science
  • 16 Crossref
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Research Article
The work–life balance and psychosocial well-being of South Korean workers
Jae Won Yang, Chunhui Suh, Chae Kwan Lee, Byung Chul Son
Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:38.   Published online June 5, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0250-z
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

It is challenging to balance work and life, and little attention has been paid to the work–life balance and psychosocial well-being of South Koreans. We assessed the association between work–life balance and psychosocial well-being among paid Korean workers.

Methods

This study was based on data from the fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey. We evaluated only paid workers, which constituted 30,649 of the total of 50,007 subjects surveyed. Poor work–life balance was defined based on the goodness of fit between working hours and social commitments. Well-being was measured using the World Health Organization WHO-5 index. Poisson regression with robust variances was used to calculate the estimated prevalence ratios (PRs) with confidence intervals.

Results

Poor work–life balance was associated with poor psychosocial well-being (PR = 1.25; 95% CI 1.21 to 1.28) even after adjusting for work-related and individual characteristics. Poor well-being was associated with low-level job autonomy (PR = 1.06; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.09), working for ≥53 h per week (PR = 1.10; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.14), blue-collar status (PR = 1.16; 95% CI 1.11 to 1.21), low-level support at work (PR = 1.32; 95% CI 1.29 to 1.36), age ≥ 50 years (PR = 1.21; 95% CI 1.15 to 1.26), the female gender (95% CI PR = 1.04; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.07), and cohabitation (living with somebody) (PR = 1.08; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.12). Good well-being was associated with high-intensity work (PR = 0.96; 95% CI 0.94 to 0.99), being the secondary earner in a household (PR = 0.82; 95% CI 0.79 to 0.85), and higher income (PR = 0.75; 95% CI 0.71 to 0.79).

Conclusion

Work–life balance was associated with psychosocial well-being after adjusting for both work-related and individual characteristics.


Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Organizational and occupational health issues with working remotely during the pandemic: a scoping review of remote work and health
    Lynnette-Natalia Lyzwinski
    Journal of Occupational Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Waqar Husain, Farrukh Ijaz, Muhammad Ahmad Husain, Marwa Zulfiqar, Javeria Khalique
    OBM Integrative and Complementary Medicine.2024; 09(01): 1.     CrossRef
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    Woo Jin Kim, Byung Yong Jeong
    Applied Sciences.2024; 14(9): 3869.     CrossRef
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    Moyassar Al-Taie
    Cogent Business & Management.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Mashal Ahmed Watoo, Man Cao, Zhao Shuming
    Asian Business & Management.2023; 22(3): 935.     CrossRef
  • Stress, anxiety, leisure changes, and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic
    So Young Bae, Po-Ju Chang
    Journal of Leisure Research.2023; 54(2): 157.     CrossRef
  • Exploring the relationship between work–family conflict and sleep disturbance: a study on stratification and interaction
    Jian Lee, Juyeon Oh, Heejoo Park, Juho Sim, Jongmin Lee, Yangwook Kim, Byungyoon Yun
    Frontiers in Psychology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Psychosocial work environment and mental wellbeing of food delivery platform workers in Helsinki, Finland: A qualitative study
    Benta Mbare
    International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Hyo-Sun Jung, Yu-Hyun Hwang, Hye-Hyun Yoon
    Sustainability.2023; 15(15): 11687.     CrossRef
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    Sandrine Bertrais, Nora HÉRault, Jean-FranÇOis Chastang, Isabelle Niedhammer
    Scandinavian Journal of Public Health.2022; 50(4): 419.     CrossRef
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    Fabrizio Méndez-Rivero, Óscar J. Pozo, Mireia Julià
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(23): 16073.     CrossRef
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    Muhammad Shoaib, Ayesha Nawal, Renata Korsakienė, Roman Zámečník, Asad Ur Rehman, Agota Giedrė Raišienė
    Economies.2022; 10(2): 51.     CrossRef
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    Yeonju Kim, Gwang Suk Kim, Youlim Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2022; 33(1): 128.     CrossRef
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    Arunima, Richa Nangia
    Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences.2022; 43(6): 1409.     CrossRef
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    Linda Chan, Rebecca K. W. Liu, Tai Pong Lam, Julie Y. Chen, George L. Tipoe, Fraide A. Ganotice
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Research
The association between perceived discriminations and well-being in Korean employed workers: the 4th Korean working conditions survey
Hee Sung Lee, Guang Hwi Kim, Sung Won Jung, June-Hee Lee, Kyung-Jae Lee, Joo Ja Kim
Ann Occup Environ Med 2017;29:46.   Published online October 2, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-017-0205-9
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

Around the globe, discrimination has emerged as a social issue requiring serious consideration. From the perspective of public health, the impact of discrimination on the health of affected individuals is a subject of great importance. On the other hand, subjective well-being is a key indicator of an individual’s physical, mental, and social health. The present study aims to analyze the relationship between Korean employed workers’ subjective health and their exposure to perceived discrimination.

Methods

The Fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS, 2014) was conducted on a representative sample of the economically active population aged 15 years or older, who were either employees or self-employed at the time of interview. After removing inconsistent data, 32,984 employed workers were examined in this study. The data included general and occupational characteristics, perceived discrimination, and well-being. Well-being was measured through the WHO-Five index (1998 version). Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between perceived discrimination and well-being.

Result

As a group, employed workers who were exposed to discrimination had a significantly higher likelihood of “poor well-being” than their counterparts who were not exposed to discrimination. More specifically, the workers exposed to age discrimination had an odds ratio(OR) of 1.51 (95% CI: 1.36–1.68), workers exposed to discrimination based on educational attainment had an OR of 1.43 (95% CI: 1.26–1.61), and workers exposed to discrimination based on employment type had an OR of 1.68 (95% CI: 1.48–1.91) with respect to poor well-being.

Furthermore, workers exposed to a greater number of discriminatory incidents were also at a higher risk of “poor well-being” than their counterparts who were exposed to fewer such incidents. More specifically, the workers with three exposures to discrimination had an OR of 2.60 (95% CI: 1.92–3.53), the workers with two such exposures had an OR of 1.69 (95% CI: 1.44–1.99), and the workers with one such exposure had an OR of 1.32 (95% CI: 1.20–1.45).

Conclusion

The present study found that discrimination based on age, educational attainment, or employment type put workers at a higher risk of “poor well-being,” and that the greater the exposure to discrimination, the higher the risk of poor well-being.


Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Online education and the mental health of faculty during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan
    Yosuke Kita, Shoko Yasuda, Claudia Gherghel
    Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association Between Presenteeism/Absenteeism and Well-being Among Korean Workers
    Wonjeong Jeong, Yun Kyung Kim, Sarah Soyeon Oh, Jin-Ha Yoon, Eun-Cheol Park
    Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine.2020; 62(8): 574.     CrossRef
  • The relationship between precarious employment and subjective well-being in Korean wage workers through the Cantril ladder Scale
    Go Choi, Shin-Goo Park, Youna Won, Hyeonwoo Ju, Sung Wook Jang, Hyung Doo Kim, Hyun-Suk Jang, Hwan-Cheol Kim, Jong-Han Leem
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association of discrimination and presenteeism with cardiovascular disease: the Fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey
    Kyusung Kim, Sung-il Cho, Domyung Paek
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Second hand smoke exposure in workplace by job status and occupations
    Hyunhee Park, Sung-il Cho, Changhun Lee
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 176 View
  • 0 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
  • 5 Crossref
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Research Article
A global, cross cultural study examining the relationship between employee health risk status and work performance metrics
Ana Howarth, Jose Quesada, Peter R. Mills
Ann Occup Environ Med 2017;29:17.   Published online June 12, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-017-0172-1
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Background

Health risk assessments (HRA) are used by many organisations as a basis for developing relevant and targeted employee health and well-being interventions. However, many HRA’s have a western-centric focus and therefore it is unclear whether the results can be directly extrapolated to those from non-western countries. More information regarding the differences in the associations between country status and health risks is needed along with a more global perspective of employee health risk factors and well-being overall. Therefore we aimed to i) quantify and compare associations for a number of health risk factors based on country status, and then ii) explore which characteristics can aid better prediction of well-being levels and in turn workplace productivity globally.

Methods

Online employee HRA data collected from 254 multi-national companies, for the years 2013 through 2016 was analysed (n = 117,274). Multiple linear regression models were fitted, adjusting for age and gender, to quantify associations between country status and health risk factors. Separate regression models were used to assess the prediction of well-being measures related to productivity.

Results

On average, the developing countries were comprised of younger individuals with lower obesity rates and markedly higher job satisfaction compared to their developed country counterparts. However, they also reported higher levels of anxiety and depression, a greater number of health risks and lower job effectiveness. Assessment of key factors related to productivity found that region of residency was the biggest predictor of presenteeism and poor pain management was the biggest predictor of absenteeism.

Conclusions

Clear differences in health risks exist between employees from developed and developing countries and these should be considered when addressing well-being and productivity in the global workforce.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40557-017-0172-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.


Citations

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    Karen Holcombe Ehrhart, Beth G. Chung
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    Valérie Hervieux, Caroline Biron, Justine Dima
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    Lennart R. A. van der Burg, Sander M. J. van Kuijk, Marieke M. ter Wee, Martijn W. Heymans, Angelique E. de Rijk, Goedele A. Geuskens, Ramon P. G. Ottenheijm, Geert-Jan Dinant, Annelies Boonen
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  • Determinants of Depressive Symptoms Among Rural Health Workers: An Application of Socio-Ecological Framework


    Fatemeh Bakhtari, Parvin Sarbakhsh, Jalil Daneshvar, Devender Bhalla, Haidar Nadrian
    Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare.2020; Volume 13: 967.     CrossRef
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    Craig Marshall
    International Hospitality Review.2020; 34(2): 221.     CrossRef
  • Associations between healthcare worker participation in workplace wellness activities and job satisfaction, occupational stress and burnout: a cross-sectional study in Botswana
    Jenny H Ledikwe, Nora Joelle Kleinman, Maureen Mpho, Heather Mothibedi, Shreshth Mawandia, Bazghina-werq Semo, Gabrielle O’Malley
    BMJ Open.2018; 8(3): e018492.     CrossRef
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Research Article
Association between second-hand smoke and psychological well-being amongst non-smoking wageworkers in Republic of Korea
Seong-Jin Kim, Dirga Kumar Lamichhane, Shin-Goo Park, Bum-Joon Lee, So-Hyun Moon, Sung-Min Park, Hyun-Suk Jang, Hwan-Cheol Kim
Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:49.   Published online September 20, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0130-3
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

Worldwide, exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) has been responsible for more than 0.6 million deaths and 10.9 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYS) lost in never smokers in 2004. The world health organization (WHO) reported smoking-related death of 58,000 per year in South Korea. There is recent emerging evidence of the associations of SHS exposure with anxiety or depression and poor mental health. Although exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) has been associated with various physical health conditions and mental health, we are unaware of any studies examining its association with psychological well-being as mental factor. This study aimed to investigate the association between self-reported exposure to SHS and well-being among non-smoking wageworkers. 

Methods

The Third Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS, 2011) was conducted on a representative sample of economically active population aged 15 years or over, who were either employees or self-employed at the time of interview. In this study, after removing inconsistent data, 19,879 non-smoking wageworkers among 60,054 workers were participated. Psychological well-being was measured through the WHO-Five Well-Being Index (1998 version). Univariate and multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the association of SHS exposure with psychological well-being.

Results

The unadjusted OR of poor psychological well-being (OR: 1.594, 95 % CI: 1.421-1.787) was significantly higher for SHS exposure group compared to non-exposure group. Multiple logistic regression analysis results indicated that these relationships were still significant after adjusting for potential confounders (adjusted OR: 1.330, 95 % CI: 1.178-1.502).

Conclusions

Exposure to SHS was associated with poor well-being measured by the WHO-5 well-being index, indicating the importance of reducing SHS exposure at the workplace for psychological well-being amongst non-smoking wageworkers.


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Research Article
The relationship between working condition factors and well-being
Bum-Joon Lee, Shin-Goo Park, Kyoung-Bok Min, Jin-Young Min, Sang-Hee Hwang, Jong-Han Leem, Hwan-Cheol Kim, Sung-Hwan Jeon, Yong-Seok Heo, So-Hyun Moon
Ann Occup Environ Med 2014;26:34-34.   Published online November 4, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-014-0034-z
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

Working conditions can exert influence on the physical, mental, and even social health of workers. Well-being is an appropriate index for the evaluation of a person’s overall health. This paper investigated the association between various working conditions and worker’s well-being.

Methods

Data from 10,019 interviews were collected from the second wave of the Korean Working Conditions Survey (2010) conducted by the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency between June and October 2010. The data from 5,995 employed workers were examined in this study. Well-being was measured through the WHO Five Well-Being Index (1998 version). Sociodemographic and working conditions were analyzed. Adjusted odds ratios for well-being were calculated with adjusted sociodemographic factors, working condition factors, or both.

Results

Workers’ well-being was significantly higher when they were satisfied with their working conditions (OR = 1.656, 95% CI = 1.454–1.885), when their actual working hours were the same as their anticipated working hours (OR = 1.366, 95% CI: 1.120–1.666) or exceeding less than 10 hours (OR = 1.245, 95% CI: 1.004-1.543), and when their employment was stable (OR = 1.269, 95% CI: 1.098–1.467).

Conclusions

This study supports the association between working condition factors and well-being in workers.


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Research Article
Long Working Hours and Emotional Well-Being in Korean Manufacturing Industry Employees
Kyoung-Hye Lee, Jong-Eun Kim, Young-Ki Kim, Dong-Mug Kang, Myeong-Ja Yun, Shin-Goo Park, Jae-Seok Song, Sang-Gil Lee
Ann Occup Environ Med 2013;25:38-38.   Published online December 5, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-4374-25-38
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives

Korea is well known for its long work hours amongst employees. Because workers of the manufacturing industry are constantly exposed to extended work hours, this study was based on how long work hours affect their emotional well-being.

Methods

The analysis was done using the secondary Korean Working Condition Survey (KWCS). Long work hours were defined to be more than 48 hours, and they were subcategorized into units of 52 hours and 60 hours. Based on the WHO (five) well-being index, emotional state was subdivided into three groups - reference group, low-mood group, and possible depression group- where 28 points and 50 points were division points, and two groups were compared at a time. Association between long work hours and emotional state was analyzed using binary and multinomial logistic regression analysis.

Results

Working for extended working hours in the manufacturing industry showed a statistically significant increase (t test p < 0.001) in trend among the possible depression group when compared to the reference group and the low-mood group. When demographical characteristics, health behaviors, socioeconomic state, and work-related characteristics were fixed as controlled variables, as work hours increased the odds ratio of the possible depression group increased compared to the reference group, and especially the odds ratio was 2.73 times increased for work hours between 48–52 and 4.09 times increased for 60 hours or more and both were statistically significant. In comparing the low-mood group and possible depression group, as work hours increased the odds ratio increased to 1.73, 2.39, and 4.16 times, and all work hours from working 48–52 hours, 53–60 hours, and 60 hours or more were statistically significant. Multinomial logistic regression analysis also showed that among the reference group and possible group, the possible depression group was statistically significant as odds ratio increased to 2.94 times in working 53–60 hours, and 4.35 times in 60 hours or more.

Conclusions

Long work hours have an adverse effect on emotional well-being. A more diversified research towards variables that affect long work hours and emotional well-being and how they interact with each other and their relationship to overall health is imperative.


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Original Article
Effects of the Workers' Recognition of the Restructuring to Their Psychosocial Well-being
Kyong Suk Kim, Kang Sook Lee, Se Hoon Lee
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2003;15(1):26-36.   Published online March 31, 2003
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2003.15.1.26
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the effects of recognition on the restructuring of the psychosocial well-being of the workers.
METHODS
302 employees were recruited by a stratified random sampling method, from a company located in Seoul, which undergoing an administrative evaluation, in 2001. Subjects were asked to fill out questionnaire sheet on their recognition of the restructuring, and were questions on their psychosocial well-being. A one-way ANOVA and a multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data.
RESULTS
For the psychological well-being, the levels of social performance and self-confidence were significantly different relation to age, educational attainment, marital status, insecurity recogni-tion, and competency recognition. According to the result of the multiple regression analysis, the insecurity recognition was found to significantly affect the social performance and self-confidence, depression, sleep disturbance and anx-iety, general well-being and vitality, whereas the competency recognition affected the social perfor-mance and self-confidence, sleep disturbance and anxiety, and overall psychosocial well-being.
CONCLUSION
The insecurity and competency recognitions against the restructuring were found to be the major factors affecting the workers psychosocial well-being. It is suggested that a decreased worker's insecurity recognition of the restructuring, and the competency recognition for the workers psychosocial health needs require promoting.

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    Yeongmi Ha, Hyunju Park
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Original Article
The Relationship between psychosocial stress and Work-related Musculoskeletal Symptoms of Assembly Line Workers in the Automobile industry
Il Ryong Kim, Jae Young Kim, Jong Tae Park, Jae Wook Choi, Hae Joon Kim, Yong Tae Yeom
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2001;13(3):220-231.   Published online September 30, 2001
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2001.13.3.220
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
To determine the relationship between stress Factors and work-related musculoskeletal symptoms of assembly line workers in the automobile industry.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted in two Factories of automobile manufacturing companies where inappropriate posture and repetitive motions were required. The total number of subjects was 636, and consisted entirely of men. The Age, length of work duration, marital status, education level, smoking status, drinking status, sleeping time and stress scores were investigated according to subgroups of general characteristics. We divided the subjects into a Reference group and a Stress risk group to compare the frequency of the variables between them. The stress scores of the Positive symptom group were compared with the Symptom free group by the t-test. To measure the stress level, the PWI(Psychosocial Well being Index) which consists of 4 Factors, totaling 45 items, was used. A standardized self-reported questionnaire was used to assess the symptoms in workers. The criteria for positive symptoms were based on Operational Definition of Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders of the NIOSH.
RESULTS
1) The subgroups of Age, Work duration, Marital status, Education level, Smoking status, Drinking status and Sleeping time revealed no differences in frequencies in musculoskeletal symptoms. 2) Higher PWI(p<0.05), Factor 3(p<0.05) and Factor 4(p<0.01) scores were observed in younger workers compared with older workers. 3) The workers who had work durations between 11-15 years showed higher PWI(p<0.01), Factor 2(p<0.01), Factor 3(p<0.01), and Factor 4(p<0.01), compared with other work duration subgroups. 4) Singles had higher Factor 4 scores(p<0.01). 5) The sleeping time of less than 6 hours a day expressed a higher PWI(p<0.01), Factor 2(p<0.05), and Factor 3(p<0.01), Factor 4(p<0.05). 6) There was no difference in the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms between the Reference group and Stress risk group. 7) The subjects who had Positive musculoskeletal symptoms showed a significant difference in Factor 2 scores compared with the Symptom free groups. 8) According to a univariate logistic regression analysis, Factor 2(OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00-1.04, p-value: 0.0291) expressed significant but mild effects on the musculoskeletal symptoms and a multivariate logistic regression showed a statistically significant effect on musculoskeletal symptoms(OR:1.04, 95% CI: 1.01-1.07, p-value: 0.0170).
CONCLUSION
Psychosocial stress scores were not higher in symptomatic subjects compared with those who had no symptoms. Sleeping longer showed a protective effect on symptoms but this was not statistically significant. There was no relationship between the stress scores and musculoskeletal symptoms in social performance and self-confidence, general well-being and vitality. Factor 2(Depression) was statistically significant though its effect was mild. Limited to this study, We could find partial relationship between psychosocial stress(Depression) and musculoskeletal symptoms. So it could therefore be suspected that ergonomic or other unknown factors may be more significant causes of musculoskeletal symptoms but we did not investigate these.

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  • Musculoskeletal Disorder Symptoms and Its Related Factors among Male Workers in Manufacturing Industries
    Seung-Hyun Lee, Young-Chae Cho
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Original Article
Stress Relating Factors of Working Women in a Bank
Kyung Tae Jung, Seong Sil Chang, Kang Sook Lee, Yeon Kyeng Lee, Dong Bae Lee
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1999;11(1):95-105.   Published online March 31, 1999
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1999.11.1.95
AbstractAbstract PDF
We surveyed 343 female bank clerks to find out associations between stress and a variety of factors including general, menstruation and reproductive characteristics of the participants. Unmarried women composed the majority of younger, lower income and lower education groups than married did. They also showed higher. though not significantly higher, scores for psychosocial well being index(PWJ) and the first three items of the stress survey. And married women scored slightly higher only in the fourth item of the stress survey. Among the subgroups of married and unmarried women, many factors contributed to a higher stress score in two or more items of the stress survey; in unmarried women, lower education level, little physical exercise, and large family inhabitants, in contrast married women, higher monthly income and greater working hours were related to higher stress scores. According to the menstruation factors, subgroups with dysmenorrhea or irregular cycle and scanty bleedig volume in unmarried women and subgroups with dysmenorrhea in married women showed higher stress scores in PWI. In married women, the proportion of those who have been pregnant was 77.2% and the proportion of those who have experienced spontaneous abortion was 24.1%. Those who have ever experienced two or more spontaneous abortion showed higher, though not statistically significantly higher. scores for PWI. In conclusion, dysmenorrhea was associated with high stress score in two groups. And the other factors related to higher score of PWJ were different between unmarred and married women, which should be considered in a management plan for mental health promotion.

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  • Work - Family Conflict and Stress: Evidence from Malaysia
    Nurnazirah Jamadin, Samsiah Mohamad, Zurwina Syarkawi, Fauziah Noordin
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Original Article
A Study on the Relationship between Subjective Symptoms and Psychosocial Well-being Status of VDT Operators
Bong Suk Cha, Sang Baek Ko, Sei Jin Chang, Chang Sik Park
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1996;8(3):403-413.   Published online December 31, 1996
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1996.8.3.403
AbstractAbstract PDF
This study was undertaken to identify the relationship between the subjective symptoms and the psychosocial well-being status of VDT operators. The study subjects of this study were 89 female telephone operators in Korea Telecom. The mean age of study subjects was 37.7 (s.d.; 3.1), and 91% of them were the married and 9% were the single. The mean values of psychosocial well-being status by general characteristics were not statistically significant. Of the 89 operators, 98.9% felt musculoskeletal subjective symptoms in shoulder, 91.2% in neck, 89.9% in hand, 89.9% in lowback, 88.9% in arm, 87.8% in back, and 85.6% in leg, respectively. The mean scores of the psychosocial well-being status by three categories of subjective symptoms were significant in shoulder, neck, arm, hand, and leg, but were not significant in back and lowback. Correlations between the subjective symptoms and the psychosocial well-being status were significant in discomfort scale, leg, arm, neck, shoulder, lowback, and hand, but were not significant in back. Multiple regression analysis were used to determine whether the independent variables (age, discomfort, and subjective symptoms) contributed to explaining the psychosocial well-being status. Discomfort and the subjective symptoms in leg were a correlate of the psychosocial well-being status.

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    Kyung Ko, Hee-Soo Kim, Ji-Hea Woo
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