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Original Article
- Health effects of weekend work on Korean workers: based on the 6th Korean Working Conditions Survey
- Ji-Hyeon Lee, Jin-Young Min, Seok-Yoon Son, Seung-Woo Ryoo, Kyoung-Bok Min
- Ann Occup Environ Med 2025;37:e31. Published online September 3, 2025
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2025.37.e31
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Abstract
Abstract in Korean
PDF
Supplementary Material - Background
Although weekend work makes up a significant part of work patterns in modern society, research on the health effects of weekend work is relatively limited compared to other types of nonstandard work. This study was conducted to examine the impact of weekend work on the health of Korean workers, aiming to provide evidence to support the development of welfare policies that promote workers’ health.
Methods
This study was conducted using data from the 6th Korean Working Conditions Survey, targeting 35,957 Korean workers who met the research criteria. Based on the survey responses, information was collected on weekend work status and health outcomes, including general health, musculoskeletal pain, headaches or eye pain, fatigue, sleep disorders, depression, anxiety, absenteeism and presenteeism. To examine the association between weekend work and health outcome variables, logistic regression analysis was performed adjusting for sociodemographic and occupational characteristics, with additional stratified analyses conducted according to employment status.
Results
Among the final study population, 11,255 workers, accounting for 30.5% of the total, were weekend workers. After adjusting for sociodemographic and occupational characteristics, weekend work was found to be significantly associated with depression (odds ratio [OR]: 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00–1.18), anxiety (OR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.16–1.58), musculoskeletal pain (OR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.34–1.58), fatigue (OR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.36–1.62), absenteeism (OR: 1.70; 95% CI: 1.43–2.03), and presenteeism (OR: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.62–2.04). The health effects of weekend work differed between the self-employed and employees, as shown in the results of the stratified analysis.
Conclusions
Weekend work was found to increase the risk of both physical and mental health problems of Korean workers, and the effect varied according to employment status. There is a need to design a comprehensive occupational health policy that reflects the characteristics of different employment statuses. - 한국인 근로자에서 주말근무가 건강에 미치는 영향 : 제6차 근로환경조사 데이터를 활용하여
목적
주말근무는 서비스업 중심의 현대 노동시장에서 상당한 비중을 차지하고 있는 근무 형태이다. 한국에서도 상당수의 근로자들이 주말근무에 종사하고 있지만, 주말근무가 건강에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구는 다른 비표준 근무에 대한 연구에 비해 드물다. 본 연구는 주말근무가 한국인 근로자의 건강에 미치는 영향을 파악하여 근로자 건강 증진을 위한 복지 정책 수립의 근거 자료를 제공하는 것을 목적으로 수행되었다.
방법
본 연구는 제6차 근로환경조사 데이터를 활용하여 연구 기준에 부합하는 한국인 근로자 36,381명을 대상으로 실시되었다. 설문 응답을 바탕으로 주말 근무 여부와 주관적 건강상태, 근골격계 통증, 두통 및 눈의 피로, 전신 피로, 수면 장애, 우울, 불안, 결근 및 프리젠티즘 등의 건강상태에 대한 정보를 수집하였다. 주말근무와 건강변수 간의 연관성을 분석하기 위해 사회인구학적 및 직업적 특성을 보정한 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였으며, 종사상 지위에 따른 층화 분석을 추가로 수행하였다.
결과
최종 선정된 연구 대상자 중 주말근무자는 11,383명(30.46%)이었다. 사회인구학적 및 직업적 특성을 보정한 결과, 주말 근무는 우울(OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01–1.18), 불안(OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.18–1.63), 근골격계 통증(OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.35–1.58), 피로(OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.36–1.61), 결근(OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.45–2.05), 프리젠티즘(OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.64–2.06)과 유의하게 연관이 있었다. 층화 분석 결과, 주말 근무의 건강영향은 자영업자와 임금근로자 간에 서로 다르게 나타났다.
결론
본 연구는 주말근무와 신체적 및 정신적 건강 상태를 나타내는 다양한 지표 간에 유의한 연관성을 관찰하였다. 주말근무는 한국 노동자의 신체적 및 정신적 건강 문제 위험을 증가시키며, 그 영향은 종사상 지위에 따라 차이가 있었다. 이에 따라 각 종사상 지위의 특성과 위험 요인을 반영한 종합적인 산업보건 정책 설계의 필요성이 대두된다.
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Original Article
- Relationship between of working hours, weekend work, and shift work and work-family conflicts among Korean manufacturers
- Yohan Lee, SooYoung Lee, Yoon-Ji Kim, Youngki Kim, Se-Yeong Kim, Dongmug Kang
- Ann Occup Environ Med 2022;34:e20. Published online August 8, 2022
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2022.34.e20
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Abstract
Abstract in Korean
PDFSupplementary Material
Background In the manufacturing industry, work-family conflict (WFC) is related to working hour characteristics. Earlier studies on the relationship between working hour characteristics and WFC in the manufacturing industry have been limited to some regions in Korea. No study has addressed the data on a national scale. Thus, this study investigated the impact of weekly working hours, weekend work, and shift work on WFC using national-scale data.
Methods This study was based on the fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey of 5,432 manufacturers. WFC consists of 5 variables; WFC1 “kept worrying about work”; WFC2 “felt too tired after work”; WFC3 “work prevented time for family”; WFC4 “difficult to concentrate on work”; WFC5 “family responsibilities prevented time for work”. As WFC refers to the inter-role conflict between the need for paid work and family work, WFC has been measured in two directions, work to family conflict (WTFC: WFC1, 2, 3) and family to work conflict (FTWC: WFC4, 5). With these WFC variables, we conducted multiple logistic analyses to study how working hours, weekend work, and shift work impact WFC.
Results Korean manufacturers’ prolonged working hours increased all aspects of WFCs. Odds ratios (ORs) of WFCs based on working hours (reference of under 40 hours) of 41–52, 53–60, over 61 were 1.247, 1.611, 2.279 (WFC1); 1.111, 2.561, 6.442 (WFC2); 1.219, 3.495, 8.327 (WFC3); 1.076, 2.019, 2.656 (WFC4); and 1.166, 1.592, 1.946 (WFC5), respectively. Shift-work in the WFC2 model showed a significantly higher OR of 1.390. Weekend work ‘only on Saturday’ had significant ORs with WFC2 (1.323) and WFC3 (1.552).
Conclusions An increase in working hours leads to the spending of less time attending to problems between work and family, causing both WTFC and FTWC to increase. As weekends, evenings, and nighttime are considered to be family-friendly to people, working on weekends and shift-work were highly correlated to WTFC.
- 한국 제조업 노동자에서 근무시간, 주말근무 및 교대근무와 일-가정 양립의 관계
목적
현대 사회에서는 야간 근무를 포함하여 다양한 업무를 수행하는 교대 근무자가 증가하고 있다. 교대 근무는 장기적으로 근로자의 건강에 악영향을 미칠 수 있지만 교대 근무와 우울증의 관계에 대한 연구 결과는 일관성이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 PHQ-9로 예측한 우울증에 걸릴 위험이 높은 국내 야간 및 교대 근무 근로자 수가 주간 근로자보다 많은지 여부를 확인하고자 한다.
방법
본 연구는 제 6 차 및 제 7 차 국민 건강 영양 조사 자료 중 2014, 2016년 및 2018년의 자료를 바탕으로 진행되었다. 근무 일정은 주간 근무와 야간 및 교대근무로 구분 하였다. 이 연구는 우울증에 걸릴 위험이 있는 근로자를 결정하기 위해 자가 보고 우울증 선별 검사 인 PHQ-9를 사용하였다. SPSS 23.0을 이용하여 통계 분석을 수행하였고 통계적 방법으로는 기술 통계, 카이 제곱 분석, 로지스틱 회귀 분석을 사용 하였다.
결과
연령, 교육 수준, 주당 근무 시간 및 수입으로 보정 후 분석하였을 때, 야간 및 교대 근무 근로자에서 우울증 위험군에 해당하는 경우가 유의하게 더 높았으며(odds ratio [OR] = 1.407 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.937–2.113)), 이는 여성에서도 마찬가지로 나타났다(odds ratio [OR] = 1.564 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.176–2.081)).
결론
본 연구를 통해 야간 및 교대근무 근로자에서 PHQ-9 점수가 10점 이상인 우울증 위험군에 해당하는 경우가 유의하게 높음을 확인할 수 있었다. 현재 한국의 정신 병력과 증상의 유병률을 고려할 때 야간 근로자에게 현실적인 도움을 제공 할 수 있는 방법에 대한 추가 논의와 함께 추가 연구가 필요하다. -
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
- Gender differences in the association between long work hours, weekend work, and insomnia symptoms in a nationally representative sample of workers in Korea
Seong-Uk Baek, Jong-Uk Won, Jin-Ha Yoon
Sleep Health.2025; 11(2): 191. CrossRef - Association between long working hours and the development of suicidal ideation among female workers: An 8-year population-based study using the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women & Family (2012–2020)
Seong-Uk Baek, Yu-Min Lee, Jin-Ha Yoon
Psychiatry Research.2024; 333: 115731. CrossRef - Food Manufacturing Workers and Structural Causality among Work Environment, Work–Family Conflict, Musculoskeletal Pain, Sleep-Related Problems, and Burnout
Jun Won Kim, Byung Yong Jeong
Applied Sciences.2024; 14(17): 7489. CrossRef - Association between long working hours and engagement in preventive healthcare services in Korean workers: Findings from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Seong-Uk Baek, Yu-Min Lee, Jin-Ha Yoon
Preventive Medicine.2024; 180: 107849. CrossRef - Association between husband's participation in household work and the onset of depressive symptoms in married women: A population-based longitudinal study in South Korea
Seong-Uk Baek, Yu-Min Lee, Jong-Uk Won, Jin-Ha Yoon
Social Science & Medicine.2024; 362: 117416. CrossRef - Association between long working hours and physical inactivity in middle-aged and older adults: a Korean longitudinal study (2006–2020)
Seong-Uk Baek, Won-Tae Lee, Min-Seok Kim, Myeong-Hun Lim, Jin-Ha Yoon, Jong-Uk Won
Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health.2023; 77(6): 355. CrossRef - Working hours and the onset of suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms: A 10-year nationwide longitudinal study in South Korea (2012–2022)
Seong-Uk Baek, Min-Seok Kim, Myeong-Hun Lim, Taeyeon Kim, Jong-Uk Won, Jin-Ha Yoon
Psychiatry Research.2023; 326: 115344. CrossRef - The role of work–family conflict in the association between long working hours and workers’ sleep disturbance and burnout: results from the sixth Korean Working Conditions Survey
Seong-Uk Baek, Jong-Uk Won, Jin-Ha Yoon
BJPsych Open.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Association between unpredictable work schedule and work-family conflict in Korea
Sang Moon Choi, Chan Woo Kim, Hyoung Ouk Park, Yong Tae Park
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Mediating Effect of Work–Family Conflict on the Relationship Between Long Commuting Time and Workers' Anxiety and Insomnia
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Safety and Health at Work.2023; 14(1): 100. CrossRef - Association Between Commuting Time and Subjective Well-Being in Relation to Regional Differences in Korea
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Journal of Korean Medical Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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- 19 Download
- 12 Web of Science
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Original Article
- An Association between Working Schedules and Depression in Public Sector Employees
- Hyeon Taek Heo, Dong Won Kim, Jong Seok Lee, Hyeon A Jo, Seong Sil Jang, Soo Young Kim, In Ah Kim
- Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2012;24(4):347-355. Published online December 31, 2012
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2012.24.4.347
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Abstract
PDF
- OBJECTIVES
This study determined the work schedules of public project workers who work an irregular shift and assessed the effect of these schedules on depression.
METHODS
Study subjects were 2934 laborers who are members of seven labor unions. Each was given a questionnaire requesting basic personal information, habits, socioeconomic status, and work schedules. Information gathered on work schedules included daytime, nighttime, and weekend work hours. Depression was evaluated using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), with Laborers who checked "not depressed" and "slightly depressive" categorized to a low-risk group, whereas laborers who checked "depressed" and "severely depressed" were categorized to a high-risk group. We used the Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression to examine associations between work schedules and depression.
RESULTS
Laborers on an irregular work schedule averaged 47.8 hours/week and laborers who working over 48 hours/week comprised over half (54.5%) of the total population. Laborers performing night work, Sunday work, and Saturday work more than once in a month made up 25.7%, 30.8% and 33.5% of the examined population, respectively. A high-risk for depression was identified in 10.4% of laborers. Using logistic regression, depression was statistically associated with working : over 10 hours a day (OR=1.63, 95% CI 1.10~2.43), night work (OR=2.20, 95% CI 1.46~3.32), Sunday work (OR=1.81, 95% CI 1.15~2.85) and Saturday work (OR=1.82 95% CI 1.18~2.82).
CONCLUSION
A significant number of laborers with irregular working shifts work long hours and on weekends. Depression was significantly associated with this type of work schedule. -
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- Association of Job Shift Length with Quality Nursing Care in Tertiary Care Hospitals, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Abdul Karim, Abdal Khan, Mansoor Khan, Jamal Khan, Tariq Habib, Muhammad Ali Shan, Muhammad Yaseen, Sheraz Khan
NURSEARCHER (Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences).2024; : 17. CrossRef - The effect of American Hairdressers’ Work Hours and Wage Level on Job Satisfaction and Work-Life Balance
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Journal of the Korean Society of Cosmetology.2023; 29(1): 124. CrossRef - Association of Working Hours and Patient Safety Competencies with Adverse Nurse Outcomes: A Cross-Sectional Study
Youn-Jung Son, Eun Kyoung Lee, Yukyung Ko
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International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health.2018; 91(3): 273. CrossRef - Relationship Between Long Working Hours and Metabolic Syndrome Among Korean Workers
Jungok Yu
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Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2016; : oemed-2016-103553. CrossRef - Study on Health Consciousness and Eating Habits of Workers at Deluxe Hotels in Seoul and Gyonggi-do regions
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Wookyoun Cho
Journal of The Korean Society of Food Culture.2015; 30(4): 447. CrossRef - Health status and related factors in farmers by SF-12
Kyungeun Park, Sooyong Roh, Jihoon Lee, Soon Chan Kwon, Mihye Jeong, Soo-jin Lee
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2015;[Epub] CrossRef - Factors Associated with Depression among Workers by Socio-economic Factors, Health Behaviors, and Characteristics of Work Environment
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