Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Research Articles

Validation of the Work Engagement Scale-3, used in the 5th Korean Working Conditions Survey: Maro Choi, Chunhui Suh, Seong Pil Choi, Chae Kwan Lee, Byung Chul Son; Ann Occup Environ Med 2020;32:e27. Published online July 16, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e27

Background

The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the 3-item version of the Work Engagement Scale (WES-3), which is based on the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model and was used in the 5^th Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS).

Methods

This study used data from the 5th KWCS (n = 50,205), which was conducted in 2017 with a sample of the Korean working population. The survey gathered comprehensive information on working conditions to define workforce changes and the quality of work and life. The reliability and internal consistency of the WES-3 were assessed using the corrected item-total correlation and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test the construct validity of work engagement. The convergent validity was assessed using the correlation with the WHO-5 well-being index. Correlations between work engagement and JD-R factors were also calculated.

Results

The Cronbach's alpha for work engagement was 0.776, indicating acceptable internal consistency. The model comprising 3 work engagement and 2 burnout items showed an excellent fit (χ²: 382.05, Tucker-Lewis index: 0.984, comparative fit index: 0.994, root mean square error of approximation: 0.043). The convergent validity was significant (correlation coefficient: 0.42). Correlations with burnout and job demands were negligible, whereas correlations with job resources and job satisfaction were weakly positive.

Conclusions

The results of our study confirm that the WES-3 has acceptable reliability and validity.

Citations

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Association between constant connectivity to work during leisure time and insomnia: does work engagement matter?
Seong-Uk Baek, Jin-Ha Yoon, Jong-Uk Won
Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology.2024; 59(4): 657. CrossRef
Revisitando la Medición del Engagement en el Trabajo: Análisis de las Propiedades Psicométricas del UWES-3
Clara González-Seda, Ramón Rodríguez-Montalbán, Miguel E. Martínez-Lugo
Revista Caribeña de Psicología.2024; : e7843. CrossRef
TÜKETİCİLERİN DOĞAL BAL ALGISI VE SATINALMA DAVRANIŞLARINI ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Fatih Bilici
Uludağ Arıcılık Dergisi.2024; 24(1): 93. CrossRef
Linking job crafting to work engagement: the mediating role of organizational happiness
Mohammed Yasin Ghadi
Management Research Review.2024; 47(6): 943. CrossRef
The association of job training duration and risk of depression among wage workers: an analysis of the mediating factors
Dong Geon Kim, Dong Kyu Kim, Kiook Baek
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Leadership styles as predictors of employee engagement at a selected tertiary institution
Genevieve Southgate, John K. Aderibigbe, Tolulope V. Balogun, Bright Mahembe
SA Journal of Human Resource Management.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between high emotional demand at work, burnout symptoms, and sleep disturbance among Korean workers: a cross-sectional mediation analysis
Seong-Uk Baek, Jin-Ha Yoon, Jong-Uk Won
Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Validation of the ultra‐short scale for measuring work engagement among social workers in Chinese contexts
Xuebing Su, Victor Wong, Charlie Yip
International Journal of Social Welfare.2023; 32(2): 241. CrossRef
The Association between Working Hours Flexibility and Well-Being Prior to and during COVID-19 in South Korea
Nataliya Nerobkova, Yu Shin Park, Eun-Cheol Park, Suk-Yong Jang
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(14): 8438. CrossRef
How Does the Involuntary Choice of Self-Employment Affect Subjective Well-Being in Small-Sized Business Workers? A Cross-Sectional Study from the Fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey
SangJin Park, Chulyong Park, Joo Hyun Sung
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(2): 1011. CrossRef
Structural Equation Model of Work Situation and Work–Family Conflict on Depression and Work Engagement in Commercial Motor Vehicle (CMV) Drivers
Dong-Seok Shin, Byung-Yong Jeong
Applied Sciences.2021; 11(13): 5822. CrossRef
The relationship between self-leadership, the future of human resource management, and work engagement
Cecilia M. Schultz
SA Journal of Human Resource Management.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

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Validity assessment of self-reported smoking status in firefighters using the urine cotinine test: Han Cheol Heo, Young Seok Byun, Soo Ho Sohn, Seong Min Jo, Sung Kyu Park, Joon Sakong; Ann Occup Environ Med 2020;32:e2. Published online January 2, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e2

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background

In firefighters, smoking management is important because they are exposed to various harmful substances in their occupational environment. Accurate surveys of smoking status are essential to control tobacco use. The main disadvantage of self-report questionnaires, which are commonly used for investigating smoking status, is the possibility that the subjects' response are invalid. If the validity of firefighters' answers on smoking questionnaires is not adequate, different methods will be needed for investigating smoking status in firefighters.

Methods

This study was conducted on 445 male firefighters from 9 fire stations in Daegu (the city in South Korea) who visited a medical institution for medical checkup in 2016. The urine cotinine test strip (DCT-102; CLIAwaived Inc., cut-off value = 200 ng/mL) was used to classify the actual smoking status and to assess the validity of self-reported smoking status on questionnaires. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of the smoking questionnaires were analyzed. Subjects testing positive in the urine cotinine test (assumed the actual current smokers) were selected. The frequency at which actual current smokers were misclassified as current non-smokers by the questionnaire was calculated. Subjects' characteristics were analyzed for possible association with any discrepancy between self-reported smoking status and urine cotinine test results.

Results

The smoking rates among firefighters surveyed using the smoking questionnaire and the urine cotinine test were 22.47% and 51.24%, respectively. Of the all subjects, 29.66% (n = 132) were misclassified. The sensitivity of the smoking questionnaire was 42.98%, the specificity was 99.08%, the PPV was 98.00%, and the NPV was 62.32%. In the 228 subjects classified as current actual smokers by the urine cotinine test, 57.02% (n = 130) were misclassified on the questionnaire. The misclassification rate increased with age. The degree of misclassification also increased when subjects had a history of disease.

Conclusions

In present study, the validity of the smoking questionnaire for firefighters was not suitable for investigating smoking status due to low sensitivity. To increase the validity of smoking status monitoring in firefighters, consideration of the various factors like survey environment, subjects' characteristics, and occupational factors is needed.

Citations

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Association between Smoking Status and the Risk of Hip Fracture in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
Se-Won Lee, Jun-Young Heu, Ju-Yeong Kim, Jinyoung Kim, Kyungdo Han, Hyuk-Sang Kwon
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023; 38(6): 679. CrossRef
Smoking Prevalence and Factors Associated with False Reporting in Korean Adolescents: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016-2020)
Seong Jun Park, Yoo Bin Seo, Jungun Lee, Seung Hee Kim, Chung Hwan Kim
Korean Journal of Family Practice.2022; 12(5): 375. CrossRef
Combustible cigarettes, heated tobacco products, combined product use, and periodontal disease: A cross-sectional JASTIS study
Takashi Yoshioka, Takahiro Tabuchi, Stanton A. Glantz
PLOS ONE.2021; 16(3): e0248989. CrossRef
Biomonitoring of smoke exposure in firefighters: A review
Biban Gill, Philip Britz-McKibbin
Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health.2020; 15: 57. CrossRef

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Korean translation and validation of the Workplace Positive emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment (PERMA)-Profiler: Seong Pil Choi, Chunhui Suh, Jae Won Yang, Byung Jin Ye, Chae Kwan Lee, Byung Chul Son, Maro Choi; Ann Occup Environ Med 2019;31:e17. Published online August 13, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2019.31.e17

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Background

No tool is available for the multidimensional measurement of workplace well-being among Korean workers. In this study, the Workplace Positive emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment (PERMA)-Profiler, a multidimensional workplace well-being measure, was translated into Korean, and its validity and reliability were assessed.

Methods

The Workplace PERMA-Profiler, including the positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment domains, was translated according to international guidelines. The questionnaires included the Workplace PERMA-Profiler, Mental Health Continuum-Short Form, Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey, Psychosocial Well-being Index-Short Form, and Korean Occupational Stress Scale-Short Form. A total of 316 Korean workers completed a web-based survey with adequate response. Cronbach's alpha values were calculated to assess scale reliability, and correlational and confirmatory factor analyses were used to assess validity.

Results

Cronbach's alpha values for the Korean Workplace PERMA-Profiler ranged from 0.70 to 0.95. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the 5-factor model had a marginally acceptable fit [χ²(80) = 383.04, comparative fit index = 0.909, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.881, root mean square error of approximation = 0.110, and standardized root mean square residual = 0.054]. The 5-factor PERMA domains were correlated positively with work engagement and mental well-being in life, and negatively with burnout, occupational stressors, and stress responses. These results showed that the Workplace PERMA-Profiler has good convergent and divergent validity.

Conclusions

The Korean version of the Workplace PERMA-Profiler had good reliability and validity. It might be used as an indicator or evaluation tool for positive mental health interventions in the workplace.

Citations

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The validation of Chinese version of workplace PERMA-profiler and the association between workplace well-being and fatigue
Chen–Cheng Yang, Hsiang-Tai Chen, Kuei-Hau Luo, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Hung-Yi Chuang, Chih-Wei Wu, Chia–Yen Dai, Chao-Hung Kuo, Norito Kawakami
BMC Public Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Psychometric validation of the PERMA-profiler for well-being in Chinese adults
Yi-Zi Nie, Xu Zhang, Ning-Wei Hong, Chao Zhou, Qian-Qian Huang, Shu-Yan Cao, Chen Wang
Acta Psychologica.2024; 246: 104248. CrossRef
PERMA to PERMA+4 building blocks of well-being: A systematic review of the empirical literature
Victoria Cabrera, Stewart I. Donaldson
The Journal of Positive Psychology.2024; 19(3): 510. CrossRef
Does Changing a Scale’s Context Impact Its Psychometric Properties? A Comparison Using the PERMA-Profiler and the Workplace PERMA-Profiler
Sean P. M. Rice
Merits.2024; 4(2): 109. CrossRef
Sources of Joy in Medical Educators as Described by the PERMA Model
Madeline Lagina, Cyril Grum, Gurjit Sandhu, Allison L. Ruff
Teaching and Learning in Medicine.2024; 36(1): 53. CrossRef
A study on the construction and validation of pathways to the sustainable well-being of Chinese vocational students in the post-epidemic era
Jian-Hong Ye, Yu-Tai Wu, Yu-Feng Wu, Mei-Yen Chen, Weiguaju Nong, Yi-Sang Lee
Current Psychology.2024; 43(8): 7511. CrossRef
The efficacy of employee strengths interventions on desirable workplace outcomes
Alexandra J. Bratty, Nicole C. Dennis
Current Psychology.2024; 43(18): 16514. CrossRef
Modifying the PERMA profiler to assess student well-being
Kah Loong Chue, Amelia Yeo, Youyan Nie, Lee Chin Chew
Current Psychology.2024; 43(4): 3749. CrossRef
Subjective Representations of the Health of Preschool Teachers
E.N. Volkova, N.A. Rudnova, A.M. Kalimullin
Social Psychology and Society.2023; 14(2): 103. CrossRef
Flourishing in the Brazilian context: Evidence of the validity of the PERMA-profiler scale
Thainá Ferraz de Carvalho, Sibele Dias de Aquino, Jean Carlos Natividade
Current Psychology.2023; 42(3): 1828. CrossRef
A magyar nyelvű PERMA Jóllét Profil kérdőív megbízhatóságának és érvényességének vizsgálata
Balázs András Varga, Attila Oláh, András Vargha
Mentálhigiéné és Pszichoszomatika.2022; 23(1): 33. CrossRef
The Associations Between Job Strain, Workplace PERMA Profiler, and Work Engagement
Chen-Cheng Yang, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Norito Kawakami
Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine.2022; 64(5): 409. CrossRef
Factors of Psychological Well-being in Russian Youth
O.M. Isaeva, A.Y. Akimova, E.N. Volkova
Psychological Science and Education.2022; 27(4): 24. CrossRef
An Assessment of the Reliability and Validity of the PERMA Well-Being Scale for Adult Undergraduate Students in an Open and Distance Learning Context
Ishmael Magare, Marien Alet Graham, Irma Eloff
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(24): 16886. CrossRef
PERMA-Profiler: the Approbation of the Russian Version
O.M. Isaeva, A.Y. Akimova, E.N. Volkova
Social Psychology and Society.2022; 13(3): 116. CrossRef
Toward a More PERMA(nent) Conceptualization of Worker Well-Being?
William P. Jimenez, Xiaoxiao Hu, Rebecca Garden, Xiaofei Xie
Journal of Personnel Psychology.2022; 21(2): 94. CrossRef

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Validation of health screening questionnaire used for screening gastrointestinal disorder in worker's special health examination for night time work: JaeYong Lee, Ji-Won Lee, WonSeon Choi, Jun-Pyo Myong; Ann Occup Environ Med 2019;31:e8. Published online June 14, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2019.31.e8

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Background
Since the night time work was introduced as a ‘harmful factor’ for the worker's special health examination (WSHE) in 2014, the validation of the questionnaire used for screening gastrointestinal (GI) disorder has not been conducted. The purpose of this study is to verify the validity of the questionnaire using the data of specific health screening cluster.
Methods
We used WSHE screening data for 3 years, from 2014 to 2016, in health screening cluster. The subjects who had received upper GI endoscopy in opportunistic screening and WSHE simultaneously regardless of the results of the questionnaire were selected. We tested the validity of the questionnaire using upper GI endoscopy as a gold standard.
Results
This study was conducted on 5,057 examinees in 2014, 8,352 examinees in 2015, and 10,587 examinees in 2016. The validity of the questionnaire for each year was as follows: sensitivity 12.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.1–13.4), specificity 88.6% (95% CI, 87.2–90.1), accuracy 41.1% (95% CI, 39.8–42.5) in 2014, sensitivity 5.9% (95% CI, 5.2–6.5), specificity 93.6% (95% CI, 92.7–94.4), accuracy 38.6% (95% CI, 37.6–39.6) in 2015, sensitivity 6.0% (95% CI, 5.4–6.5), a specificity of 9.42% (95% CI, 93.4–95.0), accuracy of 34.2% (95% CI, 33.3–35.1) in 2016. In generally, questionnaire showed sensitivity of 10%, specificity of 90%, and accuracy of 40%.
Conclusions
Despite the purpose of WSHEs aiming to identify target disease early, the sensitivity of the questionnaire for GI disease was too low as 10%. The reasons for this are the problem of the question itself, and the problem of ambiguous target disease. In the future, the questionnaire should be improved to meet the purpose of the WSHE, and further correction of the target disease should be made.

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Reliability and validity of the Korean version of organizational justice questionnaire: Hanul Park, Kang-Sook Lee, Yong-Jun Park, Dong-Joon Lee, Hyun-Kyung Lee; Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:26. Published online April 23, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0238-8

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background

Many studies show that organizational justice (OJ) is related to psychological determinants of employee health. To prevent health problems related to OJ in Korean workplaces and to accurately measure OJ, we developed the Korean version of the Organizational Justice Questionnaire (K-OJQ) and assessed its validity and reliability.

Methods

A questionnaire draft of the K-OJQ was developed using back-translation methods, which was preliminary tested by 32 employees in Korea. Feedback was received and the K-OJQ was finalized. This study used data from 303 workers (172 males, 131 females) in Korea using the K-OJQ, job stress, and lifestyle questionnaires.

Results

Cronbach’s α coefficients of the internal consistency reliability was 0.92 for procedural justice and 0.94 for interactional justice. Factor analyses using SPSS 24 and Amos 23 extracted two expected factors, named procedural justice (7 items; range, 1.0–5.0) and interactional justice (6 items; range, 1.0–5.0) and showed a reliable fit (χ² = 182; p = .000; GFI = .912; AGFI = .877; CFI = .965; RMSEA = .077). Furthermore, higher procedural justice and interactional justice levels were correlated with lower job demand (− 0.33; − 0.36), insufficient job control (− 0.36; − 0.41), interpersonal conflict (− 0.45; − 0.51), job insecurity (− 0.33; − 0.34), organizational system (− 0.64; − 0.64), and lack of reward (− 0.55; − 0.63).

Conclusions

The K-OJQ was objectively validated through statistical methods.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (10.1186/s40557-018-0238-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Cecile J. Proctor, Anthony Reiman, Lisa A. Best
Journal of Cancer Survivorship.2024; 18(1): 196. CrossRef
The Association Between Organizational Justice and Health-Related Productivity Loss Among Korean Employees
Hanul Park, Dong-Wook Lee, June-Hee Lee, Seong-Sik Cho, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, Mo-Yeol Kang
Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine.2022; 64(5): 377. CrossRef
Variability and reliability of the French version of the Quality of Recovery-40 Questionnaire (QoR-40)
Marie Vignaud, Cloé Morel, Antoine Henault, Emmanuel Futier, Bruno Pereira, Céline Lambert, Hélène Beloeil
Anaesthesia Critical Care & Pain Medicine.2021; 40(2): 100822. CrossRef
Association between organizational justice and depressive symptoms among securities company workers
HyunSuk Lee, KangHyun Um, YoungSu Ju, Sukkoun Lee, Min Choi, Domyung Paek, Seong-Sik Cho
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
The Association between Organizational Justice and Psychological Well-Being by Regular Exercise in Korean Employees
Hanul Park, Kang-Sook Lee, Yong-Jun Park, Dong-Joon Lee, Hyun-Kyung Lee
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2019; 16(12): 2223. CrossRef
Investigating the Effect of Constructing Social Accounts on Accountants' Unethical Behavior: With Mediating Role of Moral Disengagement and Guilt
Ali akbar Arjmandniya, Rezvan Hejazi, Albert Boghosian, sara Etemadi Eidgahi
Iranian journal of Value and Behavioral Accounting.2019; 4(7): 63. CrossRef

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Validation of general job satisfaction in the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study: Shin Goo Park, Sang Hee Hwang; Ann Occup Environ Med 2017;29:10. Published online April 5, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-017-0167-y

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background

The purpose of this study is to assess the validity and reliability of general job satisfaction (JS) in the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study (KLIPS).

Methods

We used the data from the 17th wave (2014) of the nationwide KLIPS, which selected a representative panel sample of Korean households and individuals aged 15 or older residing in urban areas. We included in this study 7679 employed subjects (4529 males and 3150 females). The general JS instrument consisted of five items rated on a scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). The general JS reliability was assessed using the corrected item-total correlation and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The validity of general JS was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Pearson’s correlation.

Results

The corrected item-total correlations ranged from 0.736 to 0.837. Therefore, no items were removed. Cronbach’s alpha for general JS was 0.925, indicating excellent internal consistency. The CFA of the general JS model showed a good fit. Pearson’s correlation coefficients for convergent validity showed moderate or strong correlations.

Conclusion

The results obtained in our study confirm the validity and reliability of general JS.

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Association between job satisfaction and current smoking and change in smoking behavior: a 16‐year longitudinal study in South Korea
Seong‐Uk Baek, Won‐Tae Lee, Min‐Seok Kim, Myeong‐Hun Lim, Jin‐Ha Yoon, Jong‐Uk Won
Addiction.2023; 118(11): 2118. CrossRef

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Clinical Trial

A Pilot Study on the Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of the Oswestry Disability Index in a Farming Community: No Yul Yang, Hae Yean Park, Jin Su Kim, Joo Hyun Lee, Soo Hyun Park, Min Ye Jung, Sang Baek Koh; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2010;22(4):290-297. Published online December 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2010.22.4.290

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The Korean version of the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) is the most widely used tool validated instrument for measuring and the level of disability associated with low back disorders. We wanted to validate use of the Korean version of the ODI in Korean farmers with low back pain.
METHODS
The object of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the ODI. The Korean version was tested on 53 farmers (62.3+/-10.3 years of age) with low back-related disorders. We investigated the Test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and construct validity of the ODI. The Test-retest reliability was assessed in 30 farmers within a time interval of approximately 14 to 18 days. Differences between the Korean version of the ODI and the Short Form 12 (SF-12), which includes 8 domains (general health, physical functioning, role-physical limitation, bodily pain, role-emotional limitation, mental health, vitality, social functioning) were analyzed for construct validity. The correlation of the Korean version of the ODI with the SF-12 was analyzed, as well.
RESULTS
The intra-class correlation coefficient of test-retest reliability was 0.854. Reliability estimated by the internal consistency reached a Cronbach's alpha of 0.879. The correlation between 7 domains of the SF-12 except for the mental health domain and the Korean version of the ODI was statistically significant (p<0.05). Four domains (general health, physical functioning, role-physical limitation, bodily pain) that measured physical status all showed high correlations (p<0.01), as did a domain that measured mental status (role-emotional limitation) (p<0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
The results showed that the Korean version of the ODI is a reliable and valid instrument to measure the level of disability in Korean farmers with low back-related disorders. The use of this instrument is recommended for future clinical trials in Korea.

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The Korea Journal of Herbology.2013; 28(2): 75. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Validity of NIOSH- and Nordic-style Questionnaires in the Screening and Surveillance of Neck and Upper Extremity Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders: Won Jun Choi, Nak Jung Sung, Young Joong Kang, Sang Hwan Han; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2008;20(3):205-214. Published online September 30, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2008.20.3.205

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The study aimed to compare the validity of two questionnaires (NIOSH- and Nordic-style) which are used for the screening and surveillance of neck and upper extremity work-related musculoskeletal disorders. To evaluate the validity, clinical examination was used as the reference.
METHODS
Two types of questionnaire were filled out by 208 workers from three different plants in Incheon, Korea. Workers underwent clinical examination by three occupational physicians. The presence of a symptom or sign in at least one body region was regarded as positive in both results of questionnaire and case definition using clinical examination. Validity was evaluated by sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and agreement (Kappa coefficient). For the Nordic-style questionnaire, the sum of the symptom scores was used to yield the ROC curve.
RESULTS
The results of the NIOSH-style questionnaire were sensitivity 59.5%, specificity 68.0%, positive predictive value 68.0%, negative predictive value 59.5%, and Kappa coefficient 0.27(95% confidence interval [CI]=0.14~0.40). The results of the Nordic-style questionnaire were sensitivity 73.9%, specificity 68.0%, positive predictive value 72.6%, negative predictive value 69.5%, and Kappa coefficient 0.42 (95% CI=0.30~0.54). For the Nordic-style questionnaire, sensitivity was 72.1% and specificity was 70.1% based on the sum of the symptom scores > or =2.
CONCLUSIONS
Both questionnaires demonstrated appropriate validity for the screening and surveillance of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. The selection of questionnaire may depend on the purpose of investigation and characteristics of the work place.

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Ravibabu Kalahasthi, Bhavani Shankara Bagepally, Tapu Barman
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Risk factors of work-related upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders in male cameramen
Jung ho Kim, Byung seong Suh, Soo Geun Kim, Won sool Kim, You il Shon, Hee seung Son
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
Analysis of Risk Factors for Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Radiological Technologists
Taehyung Kim, Hyolyun Roh
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Risk factors of musculoskeletal symptoms in university hospital nurses
Eunkwang Ryu, Byeongjin Ye, Youngil Yi, Jungwon Kim
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2014;[Epub] CrossRef
Work-Related Musculoskeletal Symptoms Among Dairy Farmers in Gyeonggi Province, Korea
Ji-Hyuk Park, Hyun-Sul Lim, Kwan Lee
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2010; 43(3): 205. CrossRef

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Validation of High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method with UV Detector for the Determination of Di(2-ethylhexyl)Phthalate in Plasma in some Korean Male Workers: Yun Jung Yang, Soon Chul Myoung, Sae Chul Kim, Yeon Pyo Hong; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;17(1):70-78. Published online March 31, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2005.17.1.70

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to validate a simple, rapid and sensitive reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method with UV detector (HPLC-UV) and present the plasma level of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) in some Korean male workers.
METHODS
HPLC-UV for quantification of plasma DEHP was validated by the following guideline from the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER)-calibration/standard curve, precision, accuracy and recovery. Plasma DEHP from 255 healthy Korean male workers aged from 30 to 60 years was analyzed by validated HPLC-UV method.
RESULTS
The calibration curve over the range 0~150 microgram/liter for the plasma DEHP standard solution showed linearity(r2=0.999). The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of plasma DEHP were 5.22 microgram/liter and 15.81 microgram/liter, respectively. The accuracy and precision for 2.5 microgram/liter of DEHP were acceptable in CDER guideline on the second and third day but not first day, and those for 50 microgram/liter and 150 microgram/liter of DEHP were acceptable on all three days(Ed-confirm this addition). The distribution of plasma DEHP level was skewed to the left and ranged from 0 to 18.9 microgram/liter. The plasma DEHP level was lower than 10 microgram/liter for 98 % of subjects and lower than 5 microgram/liter for 85 %. The geometric mean and standard deviation of plasma DEHP were 0.4 +/- 1.5 microgram/liter.
CONCLUSIONS
The HPLC-UV method for quantification of plasma DEHP was acceptable by CDER guideline. The plasma DEHP of 255 Korean male workers ranged from 0 to 18.9 microgram/liter and the distribution was skewed to the left.

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Assessment of Di (2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate Exposure by Urinary Metabolites as a Function of Sampling Time
Moon-seo Park, Yun-jung Yang, Yeon-pyo Hong, Sang-yon Kim, Yong-pil Lee
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2010; 43(4): 301. CrossRef

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Validity of the Energy Expenditure Prediction Program to Evaluate Energy Expenditure During Work: Dong Mug Kang, Ji Hoon Woo, Jin Sook Jun, Yong Hwan Lee, Byung Mann Cho, Su Ill Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004;16(3):303-315. Published online September 30, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2004.16.3.303

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The Energy Expenditure Prediction ProgramTM (EEPP) has been considered as a simple and quantitative method to evaluate physical work load. However, the adoption of EEPP directly to Korean workers is problematic because it was developed in a laboratory setting for Caucasians. Therefore, this study was conducted to validate EEPP for Korean workers.
METHODS
The study subjects consisted of 60 workers from two factories. Cycle ergometer test was conducted to calculate physical work capacity, and heart rate monitoring was conducted to check heart rate during work. After observing the task, energy expenditure was estimated by EEPP.
RESULTS
EEPP underestimated energy expenditure less than EEHR (energy expenditure checked by heart rate) did(p<0.0001). The factors effecting EEHR were EEPP and task type. After dividing the task into regular and irregular tasks, the irregular task had a larger difference between the values from the two methods. We provided task specific regression models between EEHR and EEPP.
CONCLUSIONS
Because EEPP underestimated energy expenditure, it needs to be adjusted before use with Korean workers. It is suggested that different adjusting equations are formulated for regular and irregular tasks. Further study to develop a specific energy estimation model appropriate for Koreans is needed to obtain more precise estimation.

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Estimation Model of Energy Expenditure of Working in a Clean Room for Manufacturing Embedded Needles by Ergonomic Programs
Tae-Eun Chung
Transactions of the Society of CAD/CAM Engineers.2016; 21(1): 69. CrossRef

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Reliability and Validity of Questionnaire for Assessing Physical Workloads: Dongjun Lee, Dongmug Kang, Sang Baek Koh, Jungwon Kim, Junho Jang, Jongeun Kim, Byungmann Cho, Suill Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2003;15(4):388-400. Published online December 31, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2003.15.4.388

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The aims of the study were to make a questionnaire for assessing physical workloads and to evaluate its reliability and validity.
METHODS
A total of 220 workers (foundry workers 30, large vehicle assemblers 30, shipyard workers 75, and automobile manufacturers 80) completed a self-administered questionnaire and took examinations for physical work capacity and working heart rate. We excluded data with insufficient responses or incorrect physical work capacity and working heart rate. Finally, the data of 154 workers (70.0%) were used for our study. In order to evaluate the reliability and validity of the questionnaire, we used statistical analyses including the scaling assumption test and a comparison with the objective tool for physical workload which was evaluated by working energy expenditure.
RESULTS
The items of the questionnaire in the same categories had close distribution in the evaluation of the scaling assumption. The item internal consistency was 0.41-0.73 for posture factor, and 0.62-0.79 for non-posture factor. The item discriminate validity was 100%. Cronbach's alphacoefficient of the total items was 0.73 (0.58 for posture factor and 0.74 for nonposture factor). In the correlation between working energy expenditure and questions, general physical activity (p=0.008), proportion of the workday with hands above shoulder (p=0.002), proportion of the workday with trunk bent (p=0.028), proportion of the workday with awkward posture (p=0.048), sweating after work (p=0.006), total scales (p=0.003) and Borg scale (p=0.011) all had statistical significance.
CONCLUSIONS
Our questionnaire for assessing physical workloads demonstrated statistically significant reliability and validity. But the questions for the proportions of the workday with sitting work posture and with static posture should be modified via a larger study.

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Joint Laxity Negatively Correlates With Lumbar Disc Degeneration in Young Adults
Tae-Hwan Kim, Hwan-Mo Lee, Seong-Hwan Moon, Dae-Kyung Kwak, Jae Keun Oh, Yong Chan Kim, Moon Soo Park, Federico Bonifacio Alday, Seok Woo Kim
Spine.2013; 38(24): E1541. CrossRef

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Relationship between the Serum CPK and the Shoulder Muscle Disorder in VDT Workers: Soo Keun Kim, Hae Kwan Cheong; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998;10(2):172-179. Published online May 31, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1998.10.2.172

Abstract PDF: VDT workers are often exposed to static load in the shoulder stabilizing muscle due to repetitive work over long periods. Many investigations were reported the relationships between static load due to repetitive work and regional muscle disorder. However, diagnostic approach to work-related muscle disorder is difficult due to the absence of objective diagnostic tools. This study was performed to investigate the relationship between the serum CPK (creatine phosphokinase) concentrations and the shoulder muscle disorders. Results are as follow. 1. Mean serum CPK in total VDT workers was 67.6+/-28.4 IU/l and workers with abnormal serum CPK were 35 (21.5%). 2. Comparison between cases and controls did not show significant difference in the serum CPK level and the distribution of abnormal findings. 3. Sensitivity and specificity of the CPK test was 23.0% and 82.0%, respectively. Above results, in accordance with literatures, show that while serum CPK measure menu can be useful for the diagnosis of acute muscle injury, it does not adequately reflect the muscle disorders developed by the repetitive work of low tension over long time, such as VDT works.

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Reliability of questionnaire for evaluating ergonomic exposure in occupational epidemiological studies: M N Ha, D M Paek, S H Cho, D H Kang, H J Kwon; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1997;9(4):659-670. Published online December 31, 1997; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1997.9.4.659

Abstract PDF

Although occupational musculoskeletal diseases are one of the most prevalent occupational diseases and cost billions of money, limited number of studies were conducted to develop the valid and reliable measure for ergonomic factors, the most important risk factors of these diseases. This study was conducted to develop a questionnaire for ergonomic factors and to evaluate the reliability of the developed questionnaire among foundry workers in Korea. A questionnaire for ergonomic factors was developed on the basis of the results of previously conducted studies and information obtained from a site visit of the worksite. The developed questionnaire was administered to 51 foundry workers at an interval of two weeks. The reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated using Cohen's Kappa, weighted Kappa, spearman's correlation coefficient and category distinguishability in the raw scale and dichotomized scale. The questionnaire items showing high Cohen's kappa include 'walking (0.79)', 'sitting(0.66)' 'raised elbow(0.65)', 'rotated elbow(0.64)', 'lifting(0.66)', 'push & pull(0.66)' and the items of low Cohen's kappa include 'one leg(0.31)', 'wrist lateral deviation(0.22)', 'palm padding(0.14)', 'pinch grip(0.15)'. It seems that the types of work, difficulty of recognition about the posture or movement, and understanding the questionnaire items affect the reliability coefficiencies.

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Musculoskeletal disorders among staff in South Korea’s largest nursing home
Derek Richard Smith, Jae-wook Choi, Myung Ki, Jae-young Kim, Zentaro Yamagata
Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine.2003; 8(1): 23. CrossRef

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Validity and Reliability of Data Derived from Questionnaire on Neurobehavioral Symptoms: Ho Jang Kwon, Soo Hun Cho, Hyun Sul Lim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1995;7(1):21-27. Published online February 28, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1995.7.1.21

Abstract PDF

There are many studies on the neurobehavioral symptoms due to organic solvent exposure using questionnaire. However there is little published evidence on validity and reliability of the questionnaire on the neurobehavioral symptoms. In present study, the authors tested the validity and reliability of our questionnaire, which was designed for screening neurobehavioral disturbance in organic solvent exposer. Questionnaire was administered to the workers of one paint manufacturing plant and one coil manufacturing plant. In order to evaluate validity of the questionnaire, the average questionnaire scores of two plants were compared. The average score of paint manufacturing plant were higher than that of coil manufacturing plant and the difference was statistically significant. After adjustment of age, duration of employment, education, smoking history and alcohol consumption, significance was maintained. Test-retest reliability was evaluated by kappa statistics. More than 50% of question items showed values of kappa above 0.4, Cronbach coefficient alpha whoch reflects internal consistency of the questionnaire was 0.86. Overall the data showed that validity and reliability of the questionnaire were generally acceptable.

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Occupational Neurological Disorders in Korea
Eun-A Kim, Seong-Kyu Kang
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S26. CrossRef

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