Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Original Article

Transnational ties with the home country matters: the moderation effect of the relationship between perceived discrimination and self-reported health among foreign workers in Korea: Yaena Song, Sou Hyun Jang; Ann Occup Environ Med 2022;34:e18. Published online July 19, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2022.34.e18

Abstract Abstract in Korean PDF PubReader ePub

Background

Little attention has been paid to the relationship between perceived discrimination and self-rated health (SRH) among foreign workers in Korea. Transnational ties with the home country are known to be critical among immigrants, as they allow the maintenance of social networks and support. Nonetheless, as far as we know, no studies have examined the impact of transnational ties on SRH itself and the relationship between perceived discrimination and SRH, which the current study tries to examine.

Methods

Logistic regression analyses were conducted using the 2013 Survey on Living Conditions of Foreign Workers in Korea. Adult foreign workers from different Asian countries (n = 1,370) participated in this study. The dependent variable was good SRH and the independent variable was perceived discrimination. Transnational ties with the home country, as a moderating variable, was categorized into broad (i.e., contacting family members in the home country) vs. narrow types (i.e., visiting the home country).

Results

Foreign workers who perceived discrimination had a lower rate of good SRH than those who did not perceive discrimination. Broad social transnational ties moderated the relationship between perceived discrimination and SRH; narrow social transnational ties did not.

Conclusions

In line with previous studies, an association was found between perceived discrimination and SRH. Broad social transnational ties can be a good source of social support and buffer against the distress of perceived discrimination.

한국거주 외국인 노동자의 차별인식과 주관적 건강과의 관계: 모국과의 초국가적 연계의 조절효과를 중심으로
목적
1990년대 이후 외국인노동자의 숫자는 한국 사회에서 점차 증가하고 있다. 여러 선행연구들에서 연구자들은 차별인식과 주관적 건강이 부(-)의 관계가 있음을 밝혔으나, 한국적 맥락에서 외국인 노동자들의 차별인식과 주관적 건강과의 상관관계를 본 연구는 드물다. 최근 기술의 발전에 따라 이주민들의 모국과의 초국가적 연계(transnational ties with the home country)가 증가하고 있다. 그러나 이러한 초국가적 연계가 차별인식과 주관적 건강과의 상관관계를 조절하는지에 대한 연구는 부재하여, 본 연구에서 고찰해 보고자 한다.
방법
본 연구는 2013년 체류외국인실태조사를 이용하여 1) 차별인식과 주관적 건강과의 상관관계와 2) 모국과의 초국가적 연계의 조절 효과를 로지스틱 회귀분석을 통해 알아본다 (N=1,370). 종속변수는 양호한 주관적 건강(good self-rated health)이었으며, 독립변수는 한국에 거주하는 동안 인식한 차별(perceived discrimination) 여부이다. 조절변수로는 넓은 모국과의 초국가적 연계(모국에 있는 가족이나 친구와 연락하는 빈도)와 좁은 연계(모국 방문 빈도)로 측정되었다.
결과
한국 내에서의 차별인식과 주관적 건강은 부의 관계가 있었다. 모국에 있는 가족이나 친구와의 연락을 통한 넓은 의미의 초국가적 연계는 이 관계를 조절하였으나 모국을 방문하는 좁은 의미의 초국가적 연계는 조절 효과가 없었다.
결론
한국 내에 외국인 노동자에 대한 차별을 줄이는 노력과 더불어 외국인 노동자들이 모국에 있는 가족, 친구들과 초국가적으로 긴밀히 연결되어 이를 통해 사회적 지지를 받을 수 있도록 돕는 정책과 지원이 필요하다.

Citations

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Innocent Comrades or Blameworthy Foreigners: Transborder Ethnic Boundary Formation by South Korean Newspapers and Readers Amidst Anti‐Asian Racism in the US
Ji‐won Lee, Hyerim Jo
Sociological Inquiry.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Ethnic discrimination, asking for fair treatment, and poor self-rated health: a gender stratified analysis of 13,443 Korean Chinese waged workers in South Korea
Hayoung Lee, Ji-Hwan Kim, Garin Lee, Hyelin Lee, Mita Huq, Delanjathan Devakumar, Seung-Sup Kim
International Journal for Equity in Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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Research Article

Effects of high occupational physical activity, aging, and exercise on heart rate variability among male workers: Dongmug Kang, Youngki Kim, Jongeun Kim, Yongsik Hwang, Byungmann Cho, Taekjong Hong, Byungmok Sung, Yonghwan Lee; Ann Occup Environ Med 2015;27:22. Published online September 25, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0073-0

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Objectives

Effects of aging and leisure time physical activity (LPA) might influence the effect of occupational physical activity (OPA) on risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study was conducted to determine whether OPA affects CVD after controlling the effects of LPA and other risk factors for CVD such as job stress.

Methods

Participants were 131 male Korean manual workers. Tests for heart rate variability (HRV) were conducted for five minutes in the morning at work. We defined OPA as the combined concept of relative heart rate ratio (RHR), evaluated using a heart rate monitor.

Results

Whereas high OPA was not related to any HRV items in the younger age group, high OPA was associated with an increased number of low-value cases among all HRV items in older workers. Exercise had beneficial effects only in the younger group. After controlling for exercise and other risk factors, the odds ratios of the root-mean square of the difference of successive normal R-R intervals (rMSSD) and high frequency band power (HF) among the older age and high OPA group compared with the younger age and low OPA group were 64.0 and 18.5, respectively. Social support and shift work were independent risk factors in HRV.

Conclusions

OPA in aging workers increases CVD risks. This study provides support for the need for protection of aging workers from physical work overload, and indicates the need for further study of optimal limits of OPA.

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Research Article

Posttraumatic Growth and Related Factors of Child Protective Service Workers: Young Sun Rhee, Young Bin Ko, In Young Han; Ann Occup Environ Med 2013;25:6-6. Published online May 21, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-4374-25-6

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Objectives

The aim of the study is to measure the level of vicarious trauma, posttraumatic growth (PTG), and other factors affecting PTG among child protective service workers.

Methods

We include posttraumatic stress, social support, stress coping, and demographic data as independent variables. Data was collected from 255 full-time social workers from 43 child protective agencies as acomplete enumeration and 204 included in the final analysis.

Results

The major findings of the study were as follows: The mean score of PTG was 44.09 (SD:21.73). Hierarchical multiple regression was adopted and "pursuing social support as a way of coping with stress" was the strongest predictive factor (β=0.319, p<0.001) of PTG.

Conclusion

We suggest that child protective workers are vulnerable to posttraumatic stress and mental health services are indicated. We also recommend various types of training for stress coping program, especially strengthening the social support system of the child protective service workers in South Korea.

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Original Article

PTSD and Related Factors among Dispatched Firefighters to Rescue Sites after the Great Japanese Earthquake (Running head: Dispatched Firefighters' PTSD): Mihyun Yang, Eunil Lee, Jae Wook Choi, Hae Joon Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2012;24(2):167-179. Published online June 30, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2012.24.2.167

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study aims to investigate the risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its related factors among firefighters dispatched to the rescue sites after the Great Japanese Earthquake in 2011.
METHODS
Among 104 male firefighters dispatched to rescue sites after the Great Japanese Earthquake, 73 firefighters were assessed. The 73 firefighters completed questionnaires, which include general characteristics, an impact of event scale-revised Korean version (IES-R-K), a coping checklist, a scale of perceived social support, and a post-traumatic stress diagnostic scale (PDS). The data was analyzed to find factors related to PTSD risk.
RESULTS
The mean value of age and work tenure in this study were 38.6 years (SD=5.7) and 11.6 years (SD=6.0), respectively. The number and rate of the PTSD high-risk group in dispatched firefighters in this study was 7 cases and 9.6% using IES-R-K, with an over 25-point cutoff score. The mean rank of tenure, 53.5 in the PTSD high-risk group (n=7), was significantly higher than that of 32.2 in the PTSD low-risk group (n=66). The mean rank of assessable support, 20.2 in the PTSD high-risk group was significantly lower than that of 38.7 in the PTSD low-risk group. In logistic analysis of model 1 including PDS in independent variables, were associated with being a PTSD high-risk group as in the following: higher PDS score (OR 2.18, 95% CI: 1.07~4.46), longer tenure (OR 3.42, 95% CI: 1.01~11.89), more using coping method (OR 1.35, 95% CI: 1.00~1.81), and lower perceptions of social support (OR 0.84, 95% CI: 0.72~0.97). In logistic analysis of model 2 without PDS in independent variables, more using coping method (OR 1.14, 95% CI: 1.01~1.28) and lower perceptions of social support (OR 0.95, 95% CI: 0.91~0.98) were associated with being a PTSD high-risk group.
CONCLUSION
The PTSD high-risk group in dispatched firefighters indicated that their odds ratios were increased when they used more coping methods under specific stress conditions and had lower perceptions of social support. Therefore, for those, who might be dispatched to overseas, the psychological support approach should be considered to produce effective coping methods against traumatic events and to be aware of abundant resources for social support regarding the problem.

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Original Article

An Association among Verbal Abuse, Social Support and Turnover Intention for Special Unit Nurses in a Hospital: Hyeon Sook Kim, Hyeon Woo Yim, Seung Hee Jeong, Sun Jin Jo; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2009;21(4):388-395. Published online December 31, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2009.21.4.388

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
Nurses' turnover has a negative influence on the nursing staff, as well as on the hospital organization as a whole. In an effort to reduce the turnover of nurses, the conditions causing turnover intentions can be identified and managed. The research is conducted to identify the association among verbal abuse, social support, and turnover intentions for special unit nurses.
METHODS
A survey was conducted in 105 registered nurses who worked in the following areas at Kyonggi province hospital: operating room, intensive care unit, and anesthesia department. The questionnaires included questions in the following areas: verbal abuse by doctors, supervisors, and colleagues social supports by supervisors and colleagues and turnover intention. The survey was distributed and analyzed based on nurses' responses.
RESULTS
Operating room nurses had the highest turn over intentions. The verbal abuse by doctors and supervisors were highest in the operating room. Verbal abuse by supervisors had a significantly positive association with turnover intentions. Verbal abuse by doctors and by colleagues was not associated with the intention to leave. Finally, the social support by supervisors had a significant negative association with turnover intentions. Social supports by colleagues did not affect turnover intentions.
CONCLUSIONS
For nurses working at special units, verbal abuse and social support by supervisors had a significant association with turnover intentions. It is important for supervisors to make an effort to reduce nurses' turnover intentions by reducing verbal abuse and by increasing social support.

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Original Article

Influence of Self-Esteem and Social Support on the Depression Stati of Some Clinical Nurses: Hye Suk Kim, Hyeon Woo Yim, Ji Yeon Lee, Hyun Ju Cho, Sun Jin Jo, Won Chul Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2007;19(2):125-134. Published online June 30, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2007.19.2.125

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of self-esteem and social support on the depression stati of some clinical nurses, and propose basic data for a depression care program.
METHODS
Between March 31 and April 5 at 2006, a self-reporting questionnaire survey was administered to 200 nurses at a general hospital located in Gyeonggi-do. The Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to assess the subjects'depression stati.
RESULTS
The average BDI score of the clinical nurses was 8.9+/-7.5, with 59% belonging to the normal category, 28% having mild depressive symptoms, and 13% with a moderate degree of depressive symptoms. The degree of depression was significantly increased in the clinical nurses with a lower self-esteem and less social support. The degree of depression was significantly increased in the clinical nurses with a lower self-esteem and less social support. According to a multivariate regression analysis, a significant association was found between self-esteem and social support in relation to the depression of clinical nurses. The effect of social support was found to not be significant in cases where the self-esteem was high: however, depression was significantly influenced by social support in cases where the self-esteem was low.
CONCLUSION
Self-esteem and social support were observed to influence the depression stati of clinical nurses. Therefore, it is suggested that an increase in depression management programs is required to create systematic management to maintain an atmosphere of high self-esteem and close relationships to manage the depression of clinical nurses.

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Original Article

Relationship between Community Social Support and Psychosocial Distress in Workers: Hwa Young Lim, Hyeong Su Kim, Young Hwan Choi, Soung Hoon Chang, Kun Sei Lee, Kyunghee Jung Choi, Won Ki Oh, Jae Wook Choi, Chun Hwa Jeoung; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2006;18(4):327-338. Published online December 31, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2006.18.4.327

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to examine the relationship between community-based social support and psychosocial distress in workers.
METHODS
The study subjects were 596 workers recruited from 11 companies in Chungju city. A structured questionnaire was used to assess sociodemographics, health-related behaviors, job characteristics, job stress, work-based social support, community-based social support and level of psychosocial distress.
RESULTS
Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that workers with no chronic disease, exercise and sufficient sleep had a higher score of psychosocial distress than those with chronic disease, no exercise, and not enough sleep. Coworker's work-based social support and community-based social support were negatively associated with psychosocial distress. The R square value of total independent variables on psychosocial distress was 0.409, and that of community-based social support on psychosocial distress was 0.052.
CONCLUSION
This study showed that community-based social support served as a protective factor against psychosocial distress in some workers. We recommend the establishment of a worksite stress reduction program in occupational level as well as community-based social support.

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Original Article

Analysis of the role of social support on job stress and psychosocial stress in automobile factory workers using Structural Equation Model: Dong Hee Koh, Sun Sil Han, Hyoung Ryoul Kim, Sei Jin Chang, Sun Haeng Choi, Jong Uk Won, Jae Hoon Roh; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005;17(2):79-84. Published online June 30, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2005.17.2.79

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
Social support was previously regarded as acting only a stress modifier, but many recent studies have found a direct effect on stress. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of social support on job stress and psychosocial stress to determine whether it acts via direct effect or indirect effect.
METHODS
This study was performed in May 2003. The study population consisted of 425 male workers in an automobile factory in Korea. Data were collected with structured self-administered questionnaires. We used JCQ(Job Contents Questionnaires) to measure job stress and social support, and PWI-SF(Psychosocial Well-being Index-Short Form) to measure stress outcome. We analysed the relationships using Structural Equation Modeling software AMOS4.
RESULTS
It was found that social support acts both as a direct stressor and an indirect stressor via job stress. However the direct effect was double the indirect effect.
CONCLUSIONS
The direct effect of social support on stress was the more major. Therefore social support is an independent stressor rather than a stress modifier in automobile factory workers.

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Original Article

Effect of Economic Depression on Psychosocial Distress of Industrial Workers: Bong Suk Cha, Sang Baek Koh, Seung Jun Wang, Sei Jin Chang; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998;10(4):484-492. Published online December 31, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1998.10.4.484

Abstract PDF

This study was carried out to assess the effect of economic depression on psychosocial distress, and to assess the relationship between differences of psychosocial distress and job characteristics (job strain), and to find out the effect of social support on psychosocial distress. We measured job characteristics(job demand, job control), and social support(coworker support, supervisor supports) at work by a self-administered questionnaire. Psychosocial distress was measured by PWI(Psychosocial Well-being Index), a 45-item self-administered instrument. Among the 152 respondents, the prevalence of high job strain was 27% (41 persons). The Odds ratio of high job strain was 3.11 (95% CI; 2.12~4.11), and those of passive group and active group were 2.01(95% CI; 0.83~2.76) and 1.80(95% CI; 0.83~2.76), respectively. Our results supported the association between psychosocial distress and job strain. The odds ratio of high strain isolates group (high strain group+low social support) was 3.59 (95% CI; 2.05~5.13), but the odds ratio of high strain collective group was 1.32 (95% CI; 0.23~2.41). Social support at work was modifying factor of the association between psychosocial distress and job strain. Therefore we reviewed the evidence that economic depression was associated with psychosocial distress in this study, and that the strength of the social support was important in maintain health.

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Bach Xuan Tran, Giang Thu Vu, Kiet Tuan Huy Pham, Quan-Hoang Vuong, Manh-Tung Ho, Thu-Trang Vuong, Hong-Kong T. Nguyen, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Carl A. Latkin, Cyrus S.H. Ho, Roger C.M. Ho
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Original Article

The Assessment of Worker's Health Status by SF-36: Bong Suk Cha, Sang Baek Koh, Sei Jin Chang, Jong Ku Park, Myung Guen Kang; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1998;10(1):9-19. Published online February 28, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1998.10.1.9

Abstract PDF

This study was conducted to understand health status by general characteristic, and to find out relationship between social support and worker's health status. Health status was measured using SF-36(Medical Outcome Study Short Form 36), a 36 item self administered Instrument. The finding of this study were as follow; Mean scores of health status by sex were higher in male. The younger worker reported good health on physical functioning and role limitation-physical than did the older worker, but the older worker reported good health on social functioning and mental health. Mean scores of health status were higher in high income and white worker. When the relationship between social support and health status, social functioning, role limitation-emotion, mental health, vitality, general health were significantly related. Therefore we reviewed the evidence that socio-economic condition are associated with health status in this study, and that the strength of the social support was a important to maintain health.

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