Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Original Article

Mental health symptoms among dependent contractors in Korea: a cross-sectional study based on the Fifth Korean Working Condition Survey: Seong-Uk Baek, Sung-Shil Lim, Sehyun Yun, Won-Tae Lee, Min-Seok Kim, Jin-Ha Yoon, Jong-Uk Won; Ann Occup Environ Med 2022;34:e1. Published online February 10, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2022.34.e1

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Background

Recently, there has been a call to improve the holistic welfare of dependent contractors (DCs). Thus, our study examined the relationship between DCs and mental health symptoms and how this relationship was modified by age, sex, and income status of workers.

Methods

A total of 27,980 workers from the Fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey are included in our study. The participants who reported having depression or anxiety over the last 12 months are defined those who had mental health symptoms. We performed exact matching for age group and sex, followed by conditional logistic regression with survey weights. Finally, stratified analyses by age, sex and income level were conducted.

Results

DCs were found to be at increased risk of depression/anxiety compared to other workers. The odds ratio (OR) is 1.52 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06–2.17). In the stratified analyses, vulnerable groups were middle-aged (OR [95% CI]: 1.68 [1.10–2.54]), female (OR [95% CI]: 1.85 [1.20–2.84]), and low-income (OR [95% CI]: 3.18 [1.77–5.73]) workers.

Conclusions

Our study's results reinforce those of other studies that show that DCs are at greater risk of experiencing mental health issues than other workers and that and this risk is greater for middle-aged, female, and low-income workers. These results suggest that appropriate policy efforts should be made to improve the psychological well-being of DCs.

한국의 특수형태근로종사자의 정신건강증상: 제5차 한국근로실태조사에 근거한 단면 연구
목적
최근 특수형태근로종사자의 법적 지위와 근로환경에 대한 사회적 관심이 증가하고 있다. 우리의 연구 목표는 특수형태근로종사자와 정신 건강 증상 사이의 관계를 조사하며,이 관계가 근로자의 연령, 성별 및 소득수준에 따라 구분된 층화 그룹에 따라 어떻게 변화되는지를 조사하는 것이다.
방법
본 연구에는 제5차 한국 근로 환경 조사의 총 27,980명의 임금근로자가 포함되었다. 정신건강증상을 가진 근로자는 지난 12개월 이내 우울증 혹은 불안감으로 인한 건강장애를 경험했다고 대답한 근로자로 정의되었다. 참여 근로자를 연령 그룹과 성별에 따라 매칭하였으며, 설문 조사 가중치를 사용한 조건부 로지스틱 회귀를 수행하여 분석하였다. 연령, 성별, 소득수준에 따라 그룹별로 층화분석이 추가적으로 진행되었다.
결과
특수형태근로종사자로서의 지위는 정신 건강 증상의 위험 증가와 관련이 있었다 (오즈비 1.52, 95% 신뢰구간: 1.06-2.17). 층화분석에서 취약 그룹은 40대와 50대의 중년 (오즈비 1.68, 95% 신뢰구간: 1.10-2.54), 여성 (오즈비 1.85, 95% 신뢰구간: 1.20-2.84) 및 저소득층 (오즈비 3.18, 95% 신뢰구간: 1.77-5.73)에 속하는 근로자로 분석되었다.
결론
우리의 연구는 특수형태근로자로서 일하는 것이 그 자체로 불안감이나 우울감과 관련이 있다는 이전 연구 결과를 재확인하였다. 또한 중장년층, 여성, 저소득층에서 그 영향이 더 크다는 사실도 처음으로 밝혀냈다. 본 연구는 특수형태근로종사자의 정신 건강을 보호하기 위한 적절한 정책적 노력이 필요함을 시사한다.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Association between precarious employment and the onset of depressive symptoms in men and women: a 13-year longitudinal analysis in Korea (2009–2022)
Seong-Uk Baek, Jong-Uk Won, Yu-Min Lee, Jin-Ha Yoon
Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Temporary Employment Is Associated with Poor Dietary Quality in Middle-Aged Workers in Korea: A Nationwide Study Based on the Korean Healthy Eating Index, 2013–2021
Seong-Uk Baek, Myeong-Hun Lim, Yu-Min Lee, Jong-Uk Won, Jin-Ha Yoon
Nutrients.2024; 16(10): 1482. CrossRef
Association of precarious employment with depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation among female workers: Findings from a nationwide longitudinal study in Korea
Seong-Uk Baek, Yu-Min Lee, Jin-Ha Yoon
Journal of Affective Disorders.2024; 351: 931. CrossRef
Characteristics and Socio-Demographic Distribution of Precarious Employment Among Korean Wage Workers: A Proposition of Multidimensional Approach Using a Summative Score
Seong-Uk Baek, Min-Seok Kim, Myeong-Hun Lim, Taeyeon Kim, Jin-Ha Yoon, Jong-Uk Won
Safety and Health at Work.2023; 14(4): 476. CrossRef

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Research Article

The role of customer service manual on workplace emotional burden in nationwide cross sectional study: Sehyun Yun, Sung-Shil Lim, Jihyun Kim, Young-Kwang Kim, Jong-Uk Won, Jin-Ha Yoon; Ann Occup Environ Med 2019;31:5. Published online February 12, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-019-0285-9

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Background

We aim to discuss the overall effect of customer service manual (CSM) on service industry workers using Korean Working Condition Survey.

Methods

Out of 50,007 total survey participants, 11,946 customer service workers were included in the current study (5613 men, 6333 women). Answers to survey questions were used to define the use of CSM, emotional burden, emotional dissonance, engaging angry customers and other covariates. Emotional burden included either depressive event or stress level. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of experiencing emotional burden was calculated by logistic regression model. Interaction effect between CSM and engaging angry customer on emotional burden was also estimated.

Results

Out of 11,946 subjects, total of 3279 (27.4%) have experienced emotional burden. OR (95% CI) of experiencing emotional burden was 1.40 (1.19–1.64) in men and 1.25 (1.09–1.44) in women. There was gender difference in interaction effect between the use of CSM and engaging angry customers. In men, OR (95% CI) was 3.16 (1.38–7.23) with additive effect when always engaging angry customers with CSM compared to rarely engaging without CSM, while in women OR (95% CI) was 8.85 (3.96–19.75) with synergistic effect. Moreover, the risk of depressive event increased only in women with OR (95% CI) 2.22 (1.42–3.48).

Conclusions

Our current study highlighted association between emotional burden and CSM in both men and women service workers. Furthermore, women were affected more severely by CSM. The results from current study suggest that CSM should be changed appropriately to benefit workers.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

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Eliana Ruetti, Sofia Pirotti
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Mitra Mousavi Shabestari, Faranak Jabbarzadeh Tabrizi, Fariborz Roshangar, Akram Ghahramanian, Vahid Zamanzadeh, Parvin Sarbakhsh, David A. Agom
Heliyon.2024; 10(16): e36228. CrossRef
Addressing Financial Inclusion Challenges in Rural Areas from the Financial Services Marketing Employee Emotional Labor Dimension: Evidence from Nigeria
Benedict Ogbemudia Imhanrenialena, Ozioma Happiness Obi-Anike, Chikodili Nkiruka Okafor, Ruby Nneka Ike, Chinedu Obiora-Okafo
Journal of Financial Services Marketing.2022; 27(2): 136. CrossRef
The Burnout Syndrome among Women Working in the Retail Network in Associations with Psychosocial Work Environment Factors
Gintarė Kalinienė, Dalia Lukšienė, Rūta Ustinavičienė, Lina Škėmienė, Vidmantas Januškevičius
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(11): 5603. CrossRef
Factors that Affect Depression and Anxiety in Service and Sales Workers Who Interact With Angry Clients
Jungsun Park, Yangho Kim
Safety and Health at Work.2021; 12(2): 217. CrossRef
Irregular Work Hours and the Risk of Sleep Disturbance Among Korean Service Workers Required to Suppress Emotion
Sehyun Yun, Minsuk Kim, Won-Tae Lee, Jin-Ha Yoon, Jong-Uk Won
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(4): 1517. CrossRef
Effects of Emotional Labor Factors and Working Environment on the Risk of Depression in Pink-Collar Workers
Hae-ryoung Chun, Inhyung Cho, Youngeun Choi, Sung-il Cho
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(14): 5208. CrossRef
Combined effect of emotional labor and job insecurity on sleep disturbance among customer service workers
Sunguk Choi, Kwon Ko, Jae Bum Park, Kyung-Jong Lee, Seungho Lee, Inchul Jeong
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
“Woulda, Coulda, Shoulda”. Workers’ Proactivity in the Association between Emotional Demands and Mental Health
Greta Mazzetti, Silvia Simbula, Chiara Panari, Dina Guglielmi, Alessio Paolucci
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2019; 16(18): 3309. CrossRef

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