Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Original Article

Risk perceptions of a population living near a municipal waste incinerator and associated factors with the prevalence of environmental disease: Dong Hyun Kim, Chae Kwan Lee, Jeong Ho Kim, Byung Chul Son, Chunhui Suh, Kunhyung Kim, Byeong Jin Ye; Ann Occup Environ Med 2022;34:e38. Published online November 11, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2022.34.e38

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Background

This study investigated the risk perceptions, prevalence of environmental diseases (EDs) and associated factors with the prevalence of environmental disease among the population living near an incinerator

Methods

Study area were divided into 3 local areas near the incinerator by distance (A, B, C) and control area (D) by distance and geographic isolation. A Questionnaire was conducted with 1,380 in local residents (A, B, C) and 390 in control area (D), gathered information of demographic characteristics, lifestyle, perception of damage by incinerators, experience of EDs (atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma) diagnosed by physician. Analysis of variance, χ² test, and Kruskal Wallis test was applied to determine the difference by area. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with the prevalence of allergic rhinitis.

Results

Residents residing closer to the incinerator had negative perception in most items in questionnaire compared with control. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis was higher as they lived nearby the incinerator (p = 0.008). The associated factors with the prevalence of allergic rhinitis were carpet (odds ratio [OR]: 1.79, p = 0.001), residential area (marginally significant), duration of residence (OR: 1.09, p < 0.001). The perception of environmental pollution around the residential area was inversely associated with the prevalence of allergic rhinitis: perceived as very dissatisfied (OR: 4.21, p = 0.02) compared with very satisfied.

Conclusions

As closer to the incinerator, the risk perception tend to negative and prevalence of EDs were increased. Carpet, residential area, duration of residence and perception of environmental air pollution around the residential area were associated with prevalence of allergic rhinitis. These results may be useful for the communication with residents to discuss the environmental problems caused by the incinerator.

자원순환시설 주변에 거주하는 주민의 환경성질환에 영향을 주는 위험인식도 및 생활습관
목적
이 연구는 소각장 주변에 거주지역 주민의 위험 인식도, 환경성 질환의 유병률, 환경 질환과 유병률과 관련된 요인을 조사했다.
방법
2020년 자원순환시설 인근에 거주중인 주민 1380명과 대조군 주민 390명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 인구통계학적 특성, 생활습관, 자원순환시설에 대한 인식, 환경성질환 과거력을 확인하였다. 환경성질환 과거력의 지역 간 차이를 확인하기 위해 카이 제곱 검정을 사용하여 분석하였다. 마지막으로 환경성질환 과거력에 영향을 주는 요인을 찾기 위해 로지스틱 회귀분석을 시행하였다.
결과
자원순환시설에 가까이 거주하는 주민은 대조군에 비해 주변환경 인식도, 자원순환시설에 대한 인식도 항목에서 부정적 인식을 보였다. 설문 조사에서 확인한 알레르기 비염의 과거력은 소각장 근처에 거주할수록 높았다. 알레르기 비염 유병률과 연관된 요인은 카펫 (OR = 1.79 p-value = 0.001), 거주지역, 거주기간 (OR = 1.09, p-value < 0.001) 으로 확인되었다. 거주지역 대기환경이 매우 좋지 않다고 인식하는 주민에서 (OR = 4.21, p-value = 0.02) 알레르기 유병률이 높아진 결과를 보였다.
결론
소각장에 가까이 거주할수록 소각장과 환경에 대한 위험 인식이 부정적으로 나타났고 환경성 질환의 유병률의 증가를 보였다. 카펫 사용, 소각장으로부터의 거리, 거주 기간, 주거 지역 주변의 대기 오염에 대한 인식도는 알레르기성 비염의 유병률과 관련을 보였다. 이 결과는 소각로로 인한 환경문제에 대해 주민들과 소통하는 데 유용할 것이다.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

The effect of distance on risk perception towards waste incineration plants: a comparison between local residents living within 0–3 km versus 3–8 km in Dongguan, Southern China
Lizhou Zhang, Tippawan Liabsuetrakul
Environmental Research Communications.2023; 5(11): 115011. CrossRef

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Research Article

Descriptive analysis of prevalence and medical expenses of cancer, cardio-cerebrovascular disease, psychiatric disease, and musculoskeletal disease in Korean firefighters: Jeehee Min, Yangwoo Kim, Hye Sim Kim, Jiyoung Han, Inah Kim, Jaechul Song, Sang-Baek Koh, Tae-Won Jang; Ann Occup Environ Med 2020;32:e7. Published online January 30, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e7

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Background

Firefighters are exposed to many dangerous working conditions. Many studies have identified the risk of disease for firefighters, but only a few studies have addressed the medical expenses of firefighters, which represents a concrete scale of disease. Our purpose in this study was to determine the medical expenditures of firefighters to assess the overall scale of disease in Korea. We focused on cancer, mental disorders, cardio-cerebrovascular disease, and musculoskeletal disease, the prevalence of which was expected to be high in firefighters.

Methods

This study utilized National Health Insurance Service data. We targeted firefighters, police officers, and government officials. We classified disease based on the 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems codes. We compared prevalence by the age-standardized prevalence rate, considering standard distribution of the population. Medical expenditure of disease was defined as outpatient fees, hospitalization fees, and drug costs. Total medical expenditures were calculated by the sum of those 3 categories.

Results

The age-standardized prevalence of cancer, mental disorders, and cardiovascular disease in firefighters was slightly higher than or similar to that of government officials and police officers (no significant difference). However, medical expenditures for stomach cancer, mental disorders, and most cardio-cerebrovascular diseases were higher in firefighters than in others. In particular, firefighters spent 12 times more money for ischemic heart disease than did government officials. Of musculoskeletal diseases, lumbar disc disorder had the highest expenditures among firefighters.

Conclusions

The age-standardized prevalence of most of diseases of firefighters was not as high as in the other groups, but the medical expenses of firefighters were much higher than those of government officials and police officers.

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Amir Hossein Khoshakhlagh, Saeid Yazdanirad, Saleh Al Sulaie, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Robin Marc Orr
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics.2024; 30(1): 272. CrossRef
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Jongin Lee, Woo-Ri Lee, Ki-Bong Yoo, Jaelim Cho, Jinha Yoon
Yonsei Medical Journal.2022; 63(6): 585. CrossRef
Non-cancer health risks in firefighters: a systematic review
Jeong Ah Kim, Soo Yeon Song, Wonjeong Jeong, Jae Kwan Jun
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Research Article

Sick at work: prevalence and determinants among healthcare workers, western Ethiopia: an institution based cross-sectional study: Tesfaye Hambisa Mekonnen, Mekuriaw Alemayewu Tefera, Yayehirad Alemu Melsew; Ann Occup Environ Med 2018;30:2. Published online February 1, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0213-4

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Background

Going to work despite feeling sick also known as sickness presenteeism is one of the emerging global occupational health challenges. Sickness presenteeism negatively affects both health of work forces and productivity of organizations in general. However, there is insufficient research exploring this situation in majority of the Sub-Saharan African countries, including Ethiopia. Thus this study intended to investigate the prevalence and determinant factors of sickness presenteeism among health care workers, Western Ethiopia.

Methods

This study used an institution based cross-sectional quantitative study design. The study period was from February to March, 2017. We employed simple random sampling method to select 360 study samples. Data collection was performed by pre-tested structured and self- administered questionnaire. We used SPSS version 20 to carry out binary logistic regression analysis. Odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals was calculated and significance of associations was determined at p-value < 0.05.

Results

A total of 344 respondents fully completed the survey questionnaire. Mean age with standard deviation was 30.28 ± 6.181. Prevalence of sickness Presenteeism was 52.6% [95%CI: (47.4, 57.8)] in the past 12 months. Educational status [AOR:2.1, 95%CI: (1.17,3.90)], financial problem [AOR:1.9,95%CI:(1.07,3.46)], sickness absenteeism [AOR:2.7,95% CI:(1.50,5.02)], lack of staff replacement [AOR:2.7,95%CI:(1.50,5.02)], absence of occupational health services [AOR:3.0,95%CI:(1.34,6.70)], and pressure from supervisor [AOR:1.8,95% CI:(1.01,3.31)] were significant predictors of the dependent variable.

Conclusion

Relatively higher proportions of workers indicated sickness presenteeism as compared to other studies. Risk factors like educational status, personal financial problem, sickness absenteeism, lack of staff replacement, absence of occupational health services, and pressure from supervisors considerably increased the likely occurrence of employees’ sick attendance. It is advisable for health care managers to hire adequate health care staffs, to implement basic occupational health services and to design strategies which reduce pressure from supervisors.

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Research Article

Occupational exposure to sharps injury among healthcare providers in Ethiopia regional hospitals: Nigussie Tadesse Sharew, Getaneh Baye Mulu, Tesfa Dejenie Habtewold, Kefyalew Dagne Gizachew; Ann Occup Environ Med 2017;29:7. Published online March 23, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-017-0163-2

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Background

Sharps injury is a penetrating stab wound from a needle, scalpel, or another sharp object that may result in exposure to blood or other body fluids. According to World Health Organization pooled estimate, the annual incidence of sharps injury in Africa was ranged from 2.10 to 4.68 per person per year, but research data in Ethiopia is limited. The aim of the study was to investigate sharps injury prevalence and associated risk factors.

Methods

Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted with 200 healthcare providers (HCP) in Northeast Ethiopia. Proportionate stratified sampling was used to select HCP. Sharps injury during the last 12 months was an outcome variable whereas demographic characteristics, behavioral attributes, and job environment characteristics were independent variables. Data was collected from April to May 2016 using self-administered questionnaire; which was adapted from World Health Organization best practices for injections and related procedures toolkit. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify sharps injury associated risk factors. Epi Info version 3.5.1 software package was used for data coding and entry whereas Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 software package was used for analysis.

Results

In total, 195 HCP participated with a response rate of 97.5%. The prevalence of sharps injury was 32.8%. Following adjustment for covariates, lack of in-service job training and previous exposure to sharps injury were statistically significant risk factors for sharps injury. HCP who had no in-service job training were 4.7 times more likely sustained sharps injury compared with those who had in-service job training (p < 0.001, OR = 4.7, 95% CI = 2.05–10.56). HCP who had previous exposure to sharps injury were 3.7 times more likely sustained sharps injury compared with those who were not exposed (p-value = 0.002, OR = 3.7, 95% CI = 1.62–8.27).

Conclusions

This study revealed 32.8% or at least three out of ten HCP exposed to sharps injury. This was found statistically significant among HCP who had no in-service job training and who had previous exposure to sharps injury. Thus, training HCP perhaps increase their skill and curiosity to reduce exposure to sharps injury.

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Research Article

The current condition of the workers’ general health examination in South Korea: a retrospective study: Young Joong Kang, Jun-Pyo Myong, Huisu Eom, Bowha Choi, Jong Heon Park, Eun-A L Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2017;29:6. Published online March 7, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-017-0157-0

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Background

Business owners in the Republic of Korea must take part in the workers’ general health examination. However, there have been few formal analyses of the uptake of this examination by employees. In the present study, we examined the rates of participation in medical examinations according to age group, health insurance type, and enterprise size, and then compared these results with those of the national general health screening. Furthermore, we determined the distribution of patients with abnormal results for diabetes and hypertension, and outlined the significance and history of domestic health examinations.

Methods

We started by comparing participation rates extracted from the among health examination data of the National Health Insurance Service from 2006–2013 by sex, age, insurance type, and enterprise size of workplace health insurance beneficiaries (i.e., those whose insurance is provided by their workplace). In addition, we analyzed the prevalence rates of abnormal results for hypertension and diabetes, and explored the history and significance of health examinations in the Republic of Korea.

Results

The overall participation rate in the primary health examination in 2006 was 56%, and this increased to 72% in 2013. However, the rates of the secondary screening did not increase much. Among workplace policyholders (i.e., those whose insurance is provided by their workplace), the participation rates of workers in enterprises with less than 50 employees were lower than were those in enterprises with 50 or more employees. Notably, the rates and odds ratios of patients with abnormal results for diabetes and hypertension were relatively high, particularly among those working in smaller enterprises.

Conclusions

Although the workers’ general health examination has been replaced with the national general health screening, it remains necessary to ensure uniform health management services among all workers in the Republic of Korea. This can, in turn, promote occupational health and improve working conditions throughout the Republic of Korea.

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Research Article

Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome among Korean Workers by Occupational Group: Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2010: Ji Young Ryu, Sukwoo Hong, Chang-Hyo Kim, Sangyoon Lee, Jeong-Ho Kim, Jong-Tae Lee, Dae Hwan Kim; Ann Occup Environ Med 2013;25:13-13. Published online August 5, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-4374-25-13

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Objectives

The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome has increased rapidly in South Korea over the past 10 years. However, the occurrence of the metabolic syndrome in workers grouped according to the specific type of work is not well understood in Korea. In this study, we assessed the differences in the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome by occupational group and evaluated the risk of the metabolic syndrome among occupational groups.

Methods

From the Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010), 3,303 employed participants were included in this study. The unadjusted and age-adjusted prevalences of the metabolic syndrome were estimated and multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted using the presence of the metabolic syndrome as a dependent variable, and adjusting for age, education level, household income, drinking behavior, smoking status, physical activity, work hours, and work scheduling pattern.

Results

Among male workers, non-manual workers had the greatest age-adjusted prevalence (26.4%, 95% CI: 22.3-30.5%) among the occupational groups. In a logistic regression analysis, male manual workers had a significantly lower odds ratio for the metabolic syndrome relative to non-manual workers (0.59, 95% CI: 0.41-0.85).

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated differences in the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome by occupational group and identified the greatest risk for the metabolic syndrome in male non-manual workers.

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Occupational Differences in C-Reactive Protein Among Working-Age Adults in South Korea
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Original Article

Cross Sectional Study on the Prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Associated Factors among Elementary School Students Living nearby Shihwa-Banwol Industrial Complex: Dong Won Kim, Jeong Eun Lee, Woo Chul Jung, Ki Chul Nam, Ye Won Bang, Se Jin Kim, Soo Young Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2012;24(3):252-262. Published online September 30, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2012.24.3.252

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The aims of this study were to examine the prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) as well as the relationship between ADHD and related factors among elementary school students living nearby Shihwa-Banwol industrial complex.
METHODS
A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 573 elementary students living nearby Shihwa-Banwol industrial complex. Dupaul ADHD rating scales were used for assessment of ADHD. Information on age, gender, birth weight, family history, environmental factors including second-hand smoke, house income, house type, bring up a child, road proximity and behavioral factors including outside activity time, eating habits, and cell phone usage were based on data from self-administered questionnaires. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed, and all odds ratios were adjusted according to age and gender.
RESULTS
The prevalence of ADHD was 9.4%, and those aged 10 years were the most affected. Male elementary school students were 3.19 times (95% CI:1.71~5.93) more likely to have ADHD than females. ADHD was significantly associated with family history of mental disease (adjusted OR 8.69; 95%CI 1.93~39.22), lack of cell phones usage (adjusted OR 2.27; 95%CI 1.21~4.26), a road adjacent to child's residence (adjusted OR 2.21; 95%CI 1.20~4.05) and lack of seafood consumption (adjusted OR 2.08; 95%CI 1.08~4.00).
CONCLUSIONS
More research effort should be focused on determining the prevalence of ADHD and relevant factors among children living nearby industrial complexes.

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Dietary Factors Associated with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in School-aged Children
Minji An, Hyojin An, Hwang-Hyo Jeong, Ho-Jang Kwon, Mina Ha, Yun-Chul Hong, Soo-Jong Hong, Se-Young Oh
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2018; 23(5): 397. CrossRef
Blood lead, parental marital status and the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in elementary school children: A longitudinal study
Won-Jun Choi, Ho-Jang Kwon, Myung Ho Lim, Ji-Ae Lim, Mina Ha
Psychiatry Research.2016; 236: 42. CrossRef
The Guideline of Diagnosis and Treatment of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Developed by ADHD Translational Research Center
Sumin Lee, Jae-Won Choi, Kyoung-Min Kim, Jun Won Kim, Sooyeon Kim, Taewoong Kang, Johanna Inhyang Kim, Young Sik Lee, Bongseog Kim, Doug Hyun Han, Jae Hoon Cheong, Soyoung Irene Lee, Gi Jung Hyun, Bung-Nyun Kim
Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.2016; 27(4): 236. CrossRef

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Original Article

The Prevalence of Work Related Sickness Absences According to the Second Korean Working Condition Survey: Ki Hun Hong, Dae Seong Kim, Oh Jun Kwon, Eun A Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2011;23(4):428-438. Published online December 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2011.23.4.428

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
Worker's health is an important index used to evaluate working conditions and to prioritize prevention policies. However, this index has never before been calculated in Korea. The purpose of this study was to calculate the prevalence of health problems caused by work related sickness absences using the second Korean Working Condition Survey (KWCS) conducted in 2010.
METHODS
The second KWCS was conducted from June to October 2010 as a household survey for employed workers. The work related sickness absence rate was estimated using gender, age, business size, occupational status, level of education, and level of income. A logistic regression was performed in order to evaluate the relationship of the work related sickness absence with general characteristics and work-related conditions.
RESULTS
The rate of work related sickness absence was 1.8(+/-0.2)% for all workers, with 6.0(+/-0.3)% of it being in agriculture, forestry, and fishing, and 2.2(+/-0.5)% in manufacturing. Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) were the most common work related disorder [1.01(+/-0.12)%], followed by psychiatric disorders [0.18(+/-0.05)%], and respiratory disorders [0.14(+/-0.04)%]. The highest odds ratio (OR) for the work related sickness absence rate was in self-employed workers with employees (OR=2.23, 95%CI=1.05~4.74).
CONCLUSIONS
The work related sickness absence rate for all workers, both self-employed and employed, including agriculture, forestry and fishing workers, and wholesale and retail trade workers was 1.8(+/-0.2)%. Because the KWCS was based on a self-reported questionnaire survey, this figure might be overestimated. In addition, it might omit chronic occupational disease and death cases.

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Association of Exposure to Chemicals with Dyspnea among Employed Workers: Analysis of the 3rdKorean Working Conditions Survey
Moon-Young Park, Sung-Ho Hwang, Kimyong Hong, Se-Eun Oh, Kyoung-Mu Lee
Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.2016; 26(1): 64. CrossRef

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Original Article

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis A in a Manufacture Workplace: Hyun Soo Kim, Chang Sun Sim, Jae Kook Yoon, Hun Lee, Cheol In Yoo; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2010;22(4):356-363. Published online December 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2010.22.4.356

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The prevalence of hepatitis A decreases with improved hygiene and changing lifestyle. However, hepatitis A remains a global problem causing sporadic food-borne infections. Over the past 5 years, hepatitis A incidence has increased, and 15 deaths were reported in 2009 in Korea. Concerns about hepatitis A infection have increased. We checked hepatitis A virus antibody (HAV anti-IgG) in a large manufacturing company, so that the results could be a guideline for workplace preventive plan and health policy for hepatitis A.
METHODS
We investigated the seroprevalence of HAV anti-IgG and the demographic characteristics of employee volunteer, in a company in Ulsan. In addition, we estimated those factors that affected seroprevalence of HAV anti-IgG.
RESULTS
A total of 2,719 employee volunteers were enrolled into the study. The seropositive rate of HAV anti-IgG was 69.8% (n=1,899) and, the seronegative rate was 30.2% (n=820). There were no enrolled employees under age 24 years who tested positive for HAV anti-IgG; in this group, the seropositive rate was 0.0% (n=0); in 25~29 years the rate was 3.9% (n=12) and 26.5% (n=118) in 30~34 years olds. In the 35-39 ears, 61.1% (n=203) tested HAV anti-IgG positive and 86.8% (n=256) of 40~44 years tested positive. Other group tested as follows: 96.5% (n=335) in 45~49 year olds, 98.7% (n=593) in 50~54 year olds, and 100% (n=382) in over 55 years. There was a significantly increasing tendency to test HAV anti-IgG positive according to age group. In the 34-35 year olds, the seropositive rate exceeded the seronegative rate.
CONCLUSIONS
HAV anti-IgG seropositive rate increased according to age. The result can used for guideline recommendationsand establishing hepatitis A policies.

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Seroprevalence of measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella-zoster antibodies in new female nurses in the Republic of Korea
Yeongjae Yoo, Won-Ju Park, Seunghyeon Cho, Dae-Young Lim, Suwhan Kim, Wonyang Kang, Hyeonjun Kim, Jai-Dong Moon
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

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Original Article

Prevalence of Baker's Asthma among Workers in an Industrial Bakery: Jeong Min Kim, Young Jun Kwon, Young Su Ju, Hyoung June Im, Tae Kyung Lee, Hye Ryun Kang, Do Myung Paek; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2008;20(3):245-259. Published online September 30, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2008.20.3.245

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
To determine the prevalence of baker's asthma due to flour dust in an industrial bakery in Korea.
METHODS
Of the 596 active workers, 380 were allocated to a category of either direct exposure (DE) or indirect exposure (IE) to flour dust and completed a modified ISAAC questionnaire. Of the 380 participants, 233 were screened by an occupational physician interview, a skin prick test, and an ELISA for serum-specific IgE antibodies to wheat flour extracts. Selected workers received serial monitoring of peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), and positive PEFR respondents received a methacholine challenge test. The diagnosis of baker's asthma was confirmed by a specific inhalation challenge with wheat flour extracts.
RESULTS
The prevalence of sensitization to wheat flour and baker's asthma was 21.0% (25.9% DE, 13.3% IE) and 3.2% (5.1% DE, 1.8% IE), respectively. DE had an increased risk of sensitization to wheat flour (OR 2.15, 95% CI = 1.03~4.51). Sensitization to wheat flour and the prevalence of baker's asthma correlated significantly (PR 38.63, 95% CI = 6.14~243.22).
CONCLUSIONS
These findings indicate a considerable prevalence of baker's asthma among flourexposed workers in Korea. Future studies will be required to survey the situation in flour mill companies and seek ways to protect the health and socioeconomic position of flour industry workers.

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Occupational Diseases in Korea
Seong-Kyu Kang, Eun A Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S4. CrossRef

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Original Article

The Prevalence of Playing-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders of Music College Freshmen Playing String Instruments: Jaewoo Koh, Soo jin Lee, Yong Kyu Kim, Inah Kim, Soon Chan Kwon, Si Bog Park, Mi Jung Kim, Seongwoo Kim, Kyoungok Park, Hyunmi Kim, Jaegwang Song, Jaechul Song; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2006;18(3):189-198. Published online September 30, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2006.18.3.189

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs) of some music college freshmen majoring in string instruments.
METHODS
The study subjects were 199 freshmen majoring in strings at three colleges in Seoul and surrounds. The symptom prevalence and related factors of PRMDs were surveyed with a self-administered questionnaire. The Southampton Protocol was used to diagnose PRMDs.
RESULTS
The freshmen had played for 9 years and 7 months on average. The symptom prevalence of PRMDs according to the modified-NIOSH surveillance criteria was 73.4%. The shoulder was the most prevalent symptom complaint site. The prevalence of PRMDs by the Southampton Protocol was 54.3% and myofascial pain syndrome was the most common. The instrument (violin or viola vs. cello or bass), regular breaks, self perceived evaluation of playing posture and regular computer use had a significant association with the symptom prevalence of PRMDs in univariate logistic regression analysis (p<0.05). The instrument, regular breaks and regular computer use were significant variables affecting the symptom prevalence of PRMDs in multivariate logistic regression analysis (p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
This study suggests that music college freshmen playing strings are a high risk group for musculoskeletal disorders. Therefore, the prevention of PRMDs requires the establishment of an ergonomic playing-environment, and the education of comfortable posture and stretching program such as musical warming up and physical stretching. It is especially important to form an effective treatment and rehabilitation system based on earlier diagnosis for musicians who are suffering from the PRMDs.

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Musicians' Medicine: Musculoskeletal Problems in String Players
Han-Sung Lee, Ho Youn Park, Jun O Yoon, Jin Sam Kim, Jae Myeung Chun, Iman W. Aminata, Won-Joon Cho, In-Ho Jeon
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Original Article

Prevalence of Occupational Asthma and Exposure Level of Pharmaceutical Dust of Workers in a Pharmaceutical Company: Sung Soo Oh, Yong Hyu Choi, Eun A Kim, Young Mok Lee, Jae Kil Jang, Jang Jin Yoo, Seung Hyun Park, Soo Young Jung, Tae Kyun Kim, Kyoo Sang Kim, Seong Kyu Kang; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2006;18(2):94-102. Published online June 30, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2006.18.2.94

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
After the investigation of one worker with occupational asthma, we surveyed the prevalence of occupational asthma and the exposure level of pharmaceutical dust of 32 workers in a pharmaceutical company.
METHODS
Thirty-two of the 90 employees participated in the survey which consisted of questionnaire, blood sampling, spirometry and skin prick tests with 8 common allergens as well as 9 antibiotics and 2 enzymes. Various indices of the working environment were also measured. Subjects who had a symptom suggestive of work-related asthma or positive skin prick test were further investigated by PC20 methacholine. Nine subjects who had a PC20 result of 16 mg/ml or less (n=7) or had work-related symptoms and positive skin prick test (n=2) were referred to undergo a specific bronchial provocation test to pharmaceutical dust in an academic allergic disease center.
RESULTS
Eleven of 32 workers (34.4%) had a work-related symptom suggestive of occupational asthma. Ten (31.2%) showed positive skin prick test. 8 (25.0%) had a PC20 result of 16 mg/ml or less (indicative of significant bronchial hyperresponsiveness), and 5 (15.6%) had a positive result on the specific bronchial provocation test. Exposure levels of stuffing, input of raw materials and screening process were relatively high.
CONCLUSIONS
This survey showed that pharmaceutical workers have an increased risk of occupational asthma. Although pharmaceutical factories maintain a relatively good working environment, careful control of respiratory tract exposures, especially during stuffing, input of raw materials and screening process, is important to prevent occupational asthma. Pharmaceutical workers need to undergo regular skin prick and methacholine bronchial provocation tests, as well as asthmatic symptom survey, to ensure the early detection and prevention of occupational asthma.

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Occupational Diseases in Korea
Seong-Kyu Kang, Eun A Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S4. CrossRef

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Original Article

The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Osteopenia and Osteoporosis in 40-59 year-old male workers: Yun Kyun Chang, Hyun Ju Seo, Young Woo Jin, Mi Seon Joeng, Suk Hee Sung, Doo Yong Park, Chong Soon Kim, Soo Geun Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2006;18(2):130-137. Published online June 30, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2006.18.2.130

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of osteopenia and osteoporosis in 40-59 year-old male workers working at nuclear power plants.
METHODS
Bone density, body composition, and anthropometry data were analyzed for 2,073 subjects were carried out from March 2004 to July, 2004. Educational level, smoking status, drinking status and frequency of physical activity were investigated by self-reported questionnaires through internet to identify lifestyles related to bone mass density. Bone mass density was measured by EXE-3000 of Osteosys Co. and body fat percentage, and waist-to-hip ratio by Inbody 3.0 of Biospace Co.
RESULTS
The prevalence of ostepeniaosteopenia and osteoporosis was 22.8% and 3.0%, respectively. According to multinominal multinomial logistic regression analysis, age, smoking status (current smoker and former smoker), low body mass index (< 25 kg/m2), and frequency of physical activity were significantly associated with osteopenia and osteoporosis.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis wasseemed high for the, when it was inferred from subjects' age compared to the results of previous studies. The This study results suggeststhat it is necessary for 40-59 year-old male workers to stop smoking, and exercise regularly in order to prevent osteopenia and osteoporosis.

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Jin-Won Noh, Hyunchun Park, Minji Kim, Young Dae Kwon
Journal of Women's Health.2018; 27(2): 196. CrossRef
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Sung Hey Kim, Young Hee Lee
Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2015; 29(2): 177. CrossRef
Lifestyles and Factors Influencing the Bone Mineral Density (BMD) among Employees in a Community
Kyung-Shin Paek
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2013; 24(2): 236. CrossRef
The Relationship between Bone Mineral Density and Body Composition, Life Styles of Female College Students
Jong-Hyun Lee, Bo-Kyung Lee, Young-Soon Kim
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Korean Journal of Urology.2009; 50(4): 327. CrossRef

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Original Article

Prevalence of Occupational Asthma in TDI-Exposed Workers: Hyoung Ryoul Kim, Cheol Woo Kim, Yun Chul Hong, Hyung Joon Chun, Chi Nyon Kim, Hyun Soo Kim, Jee Na Lee, Joo Yeon Shin, Dong Hee Koh, Jaehoon Roh; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004;16(2):191-199. Published online June 30, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2004.16.2.191

Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
This study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of isocyanate-induced occupational asthma in toluene diisocyanate (TDI) exposed workers.
METHODS
We examined 170 workers who had been directly exposed to TDI through a medical questionnaire, physical examination, and pulmonary function test. Based on screening examination, workers with suspected occupational asthma were selected for further evaluation such as methacholine and TDI challenge tests.
RESULTS
Eleven (6.9%) among 170 workers complained of symptoms of occupational asthma, and 7 among these 11 symptomatic workers showed positive responses to the methacholine challenge test (4.1%). One spray painter was confirmed as having the TDI induced occupational asthma following a positive response to TDI challenge test.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of TDI-induced asthma was at 0.58% was lower than that for former studies (2-20%). Improved workplace environment, lower level of TDI exposure compared to the past, and the healthy workers effect may have contributed to this low rate of asthma prevalence in workers with TDI exposure.

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Original Article

Prevalence of Antibody to Hepatitis C Virus among the Employees and their Partners in Korea: Seung Ho Ryu, Sung Ho Beck; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2003;15(3):299-309. Published online September 30, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2003.15.3.299

Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to determine the prevalence and age-adjusted prevalence of anti-HCV antibody among the employees and their partners in Korea, and whether prevalence varies with job type.
METHOD
The blood serum of 29, 278 people, employees and their partners aged between 20 and 60 residing in Seoul or Kyung-gee province, were tested with Immunoradiometric Assay (IRMA) method using third generation anti-HCV serum.
RESULTS
Twenty-five among the 29, 278 people tested positive; a prevalence rate of 0.9 per 1, 000 (95% CI 0.6-1.3). The prevalences of different age groups were 0, 0.5, 1.3, and 4.2 per 1, 000 among the subjects in their 20s, 30s, 40s and 50s respectively, which shows the increasing rate of prevalence with age. Age adjusted prevalence among employees was 1.3 per 1, 000. The prevalences among different kinds of job were 1.9 per 1, 000 (95% CI: 0.5~7.0) for construction, 1.7 per 1, 000 (95% CI: 0.7~3.9) for finance, and 1.2 per 1, 000 (95% CI: 0.2~6.6) for telecommunication. No significant statistical difference was found in the prevalence according to job type(p>0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Employees in Korea showed a lower prevalence rate of anti-HCV antibody than that of blood donors, health screening examinees and the general population. This result is in line with that of other studies abroad and is considered to be because employees may have lower rates of Hepatitis C risk activities, such as needle sharing, than unemployed.

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Original Article

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Tinea Pedis in Workers of Shipbuilding Industry: Ho Seok Suh, Cheol In Yoo, Choong Ryeol Lee, Ji Ho Lee, Yangho Kim, Won Sin Lee, Jee Ho Choi, Kyung Jeh Sung, Jai Kyoung Koh, Kee Chan Moon; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2002;14(4):408-417. Published online December 31, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2002.14.4.408

Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
Recently,tinea pedis has been reported to be a type of occupational dermatoses because of its high prevalence in specific working conditions.Although there is no doubt that the environment surrounding work places, the usual habits of workers etc are intimately related to this skin conditions, there is some controversy as to whether or not this condition is a real occupational illness and what is the exact cause of the high prevalence of this illness is. In this study, the prevalence of tinea pedis in workers from the shipbuilding industry was investigated andthe risk factors of this disease were evaluated. This study also aimed to verify whether or not tinea pedis is one of the occupational diseases.
METHODS
The results of interviews, questionnaires and clinical findings from 1,419 workers who visited the occupational health center for an annual routine check for their health state were analyzed.
RESULTS
Among the 1,419 workers, 778 workers (54.8%)had tinea pedis. By simple logistic regression analysis,the prevalence of tinea pedis was found to be affected by some variables, including the job category, the types of work,the kinds of footwear, whether or not they were using communal baths in the work places, and a family history of tinea pedis.In contrast, by multiple logistic regression analysis,only utilization of the communal baths in the work places and a family history of tinea pedis turned out to be statistically significant risk factors.
CONCLUSIONS
In this study, the major factors contributing to the high prevalence of tinea pedis are the use of communal baths in the workplace and a positive family history. However, the wearing of safety shoes was not statistically significant. Therefore, tinea pedis could not be confirmed to be an occupational disease. On the basis of these results, a solution to the environmental hygiene of communal baths and the personal hygiene of individuals needs to be improved in order to prevent tinea pedis.

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Original Article

Wrist Ratio as a Risk Factor of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Duck Soo Kim, Hae Kwan Cheong, Yong Wook Kwon; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2001;13(3):242-252. Published online September 30, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2001.13.3.242

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the risk factors of the carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and the impact of the wrist ratio on the prevalence of CTS in workers on repetitive work over a long term.
METHODS
Study subjects consisted of 45 male and 16 female workers in a company that produces soundproof material in Gyeongju. We conducted a physical examination, a self-reported questionnaire survey and a nerve conduction study. CTS cases were defined as those subjects that had a positive finding in both the nerve conduction study and the physical examination done by a doctor specializing in rehabilitation medicine.
RESULTS
Prevalence of CTS among the study subjects was 26.2/100 persons. The prevalence of CTS was positively associated with increasing age (p<0.01, using the chi-square test for trend) and female gender (OR=6.98, 95% CI=1.66-31.0), but was negatively associated with the educational level (p<0.01 by the chi-square for trend). Workers in the production area had a higher prevalence of CTS compared to those in the clerical area (OR=10.8 in the frame manufacturing process, OR=32.2 in the vacuum molding process). Patients with CTS had a narrower mean wrist width and a shorter mean hand and palm length, compared to those that had no disease (p<0.01 by the Student's t-test). The number of subjects who had a wrist ratio of 0.74 or more was significantly higher in cases of CTS (OR=4.0, 95% CI=1.01-16.3). However, a multiple logistic regression analysis showed only that the type of work was a significant variable after adjusting for the other variables.
CONCLUSIONS
The wrist ratio, a surrogate of carpal tunnel configuration, can represent individual susceptibility to CTS. However this study shows that the use of the wrist ratio for predicting CTS risk is not adequate. The development of a new carpal tunnel configuration index based on more direct measurements of the tunnel shape will provide a better predictor of individual susceptibility to CTS.

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Distribution of age, gender, and occupation among individuals with carpal tunnel syndrome based on the National Health Insurance data and National Employment Insurance data
Il-Ho Lee, Young-Ki Kim, Dong-Mug Kang, Se-Yeong Kim, In-Ah Kim, Eun-Mi Kim
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
A comparison of carpal tunnel syndrome between digital and paper textbook users in elementary schools
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Work.2016; 53(4): 909. CrossRef
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Original Article

Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders of Hairdresser: Soo Kyung Park, Young Jin Choi, Doeg Hwan Moon, Jin Ho Chun, Jong Tae Lee, Hae Sook Sohn; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2000;12(3):395-404. Published online September 30, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.2000.12.3.395

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
To determine the prevalence and related factors of work related musculoskeletal symptoms in hairdressers.
METHODS
Informations on general characteristics, job strain, and musculoskeletal symptoms were obtained by a self-administered questionnaire, through adopting NIOSH instrument and JCQ(Job content questionnaire), from 267 hairdressers, between March and May, 2000.
RESULTS
The symptom prevalence by NIOSH surveillance criteria in total was high as 94.4%; shoulder (61.0%), neck (59.9%), low back (53.2%), hand and wrist (41.6%), etc. In multiple logistic regression, significant factors affecting the symptoms by body region; job insecurity on neck' gender, alcohol, decision latitude on low back; alcohol on hand and wrist; smoking on thigh and knee,' smoking, decision latitude on ankle and foot; job insecurity on upper back.
CONCLUSIONS
Musculoskeletal symptoms of hairdresser were highly prevalent, and associated with job strain and their health habits. This is a basic data of work related musculoskeletal disorders among hairdressers who are not the subjects of occupational health service at the present time in Korea.

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Original Article

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Occupational Low Back Pain among the Production Workers in a Steel and a Welding Material Manufacturing Factories: Hyun Sul Lim, Soo Keun Kim, Duck Soo Kim, Doohie Kim, Jongmin Lee, Yang Ho Kim; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1999;11(1):52-65. Published online March 31, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1999.11.1.52

Abstract PDF

A cross-sectional study was conducted for detecting the risk factors and to propose an effective control program for occupational low back pain. The subjects were 1,665 male production workers employed at a steel factory and a welding material manufacturing factory. The data were collected by a self-reported questionnaire and a medical examination with a rehabilitation specialist for ten days in September, 1997. The contents of the questionnaire were as follows: general characteristics, physical characteristics, employment status, type of work, working environment and the experience of low back pain. The number of cases with symptoms of occupational low back pain were 321, so the point prevalence was 19.3 persons/100 persons. The number of cases with a history of occupational low back pain for one year were 554, so the one year period prevalence was 33.3 persons/100 persons. The point and one year period prevalences of occupational low back pain showed no significant differences in age, marital status, educational level and body mass index. The point and one year period prevalences of occupational low back pain showed no significant differences in alcohol drinking, smoking, stretching exercise and regular exercise. The point and one year period prevalences of occupational low back pain were significantly higher in the unsatisfied group than the satisfied group(p < 0.01), However, no significant differences were found among tenures and shift work. The point and one year period prevalences of occupational low back pain were significantly higher in the lifting of heavy materials group than the nonlifting group(p < 0.01). However, no significant differences were found among posture of the waist and the working posture. Through the multivariate logistic regression, significantly associated factors with occupational low back pain were found to be dissatisfaction with job(point prevalence: OR=1.78, 95% CI: 1.21-2.61; one year prevalence: OR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.26-2.47), lifting of heavy materials(point prevalence: OR=1.94. 95% CI: 1.44-2.61: one year prevalence: OR=2.17, 95% CI: 1.70-2.77) and tenure(point prevalence: OR=1.03. 95% CI: 1.01-1.06: one year prevalence: OR=1.02, 95% CI: 1.00-1.05).

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Original Article

Prevalence of Asbestosis in Korean Asbestos Industry: Do myung Paek, Nam Won Paik, Jung Deun Choi, Mi A Son, Jung Gi Im, Won Jin Lee, Young Hahn Moon, Jung Sun Park, Byung Soon Choi; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1995;7(1):46-57. Published online February 28, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1995.7.1.46

Abstract PDF

Asbestos industry has been in operation over 60 years in Korea. However, the prevalence of asbestosis has not been yet reported. With rapid turn-over of workers, previous cross-sectional studies of current workers on the job could not find cases with exposures long enough for the development of asbestosis. This study was done to evaluate asbestosis prevalence of those worksites with operation history of more than 20 years. In total, 139 workers from 5 worksites were examined. Asbestos industries covered in the study include 2 asbestos textile, 1 brake lining, and 2 ship repairing worksites. Chest x-ray was taken from all workers and read by two exports familiar with pneumoconiosis classification according to 1980 ILO guidelines. Those with findings compatible with asbestosis were further checked with high resolution computerized tomography (HRCT). Pulmonary function tests were done according to ATS guidelines, and occupational and previous medical history was taken through a standardized interview. Air-borne asbestos was measured according to NI0SH method 7400. The air-borno asbestos concentrations ranged from 0.2-1.3 f/cc for asbestos textile, from 0.7~l.0 f/cc for brake lining, and from 6.3-7.8 f/cc during asbestos removal at ship repairing worksite. Of the 139 workers 25 had abnormal chest radiographic findings, and 10 of them had findings compatible with pneumoconiosis. When work history and current asbestos measurements were accounted, 9 workers who had more than 10 years of asbestos exposure history showed chest radiographic findings of pneumoconiosis with Finally, 4 workers showed finding of pulmonary fibrosis and/or pleural thickening at HRCT, and 2 of them had restrictive lung function changes. The study results showed that, among 139 sutjects, there were 4 (3%) definite asbeatosis cases confirmed with HRCT. The prevalence of probable asbestosis was 7% for 10-14 years of exposure, 13% for 15-19 years of exposure, and 23% for 20 or more years of exposure. The prevalence of compensable asbestosis with abnormal lung function was 4-6% for those with 15 or more years of exposure.

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Original Article

Welder' Pneumoconiosis of Shipyard and related Factors: Hae Sook Sohn, Seong Yong Choi, Young Jin Yu, Chae Un Lee; Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1994;6(1):143-152. Published online February 28, 1994; DOI: https://doi.org/10.35371/kjoem.1994.6.1.143

Abstract PDF

Pneumoconiosis is one of the most important occupational disease in Korea. In Pusan, most of pneumoconiosis is welders' pneumoconiosis developed in shipyard. With clinical (including interview with every patients) and radiological (chest radiographs) methods, author purposed to know the factors related to development of pneumoconiosis in shipyard welders and to apply the results to the concept for health care (management) of shipyard welders. The prevalence rate of welders' pneumoconiosis was calculated by the means of reading of chest radiographs of 547 shipyard welders. The prevalence rate of welders' pneumoconiosis (including suspected pneumoconiosis, category 0/1) was 7.9%. It was lower than that (8.9%) in same area studied in 1989. Prevalence rate increased as total welding duration increased and the welding work began early. It was higher in welders who did not use antidust mask. Probability of the occurance of welder's pneumoconiosis was related with the time that the welder began welding work. Sixteen cases among the 37 who were diagnosed as pneumoconiosis returned normal in the follow-up chest radiographs. There was no case aggrevated. The pertinent management for the personnels and their working environment contributed to the decrease of incidence of the welders' pneumoconiosis and the improvement of the disease. To prevent the occurance of the pneumoconiosis in shipyard welders, it seems to be necessary for the company to be supervised under the any legislation and to educate the welder to use the protective apparatus. It is suggested that considerate and continuous observation under the adequate management is preferable to the immediate conversion of the working department for the pneumoconiotic welders.

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Seong-Kyu Kang, Eun A Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(Suppl): S4. CrossRef

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