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A physical fitness profile of state highway patrol officers by gender and age
J. Jay Dawes, Robin M. Orr, Richard R. Flores, Robert G. Lockie, Charlie Kornhauser, Ryan Holmes
Ann Occup Environ Med 2017;29:16.   Published online June 1, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-017-0173-0
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

Law enforcement officers perform physically demanding tasks that generally remain constant as they age. However, there is limited population-specific research on age, gender and normative fitness values for law enforcement officers as opposed to those of the general population. The purpose of this study was to profile the current level of fitness for highway patrol officers based on age and gender and provide percentile ranking charts unique to this population.

Methods

Retrospective data for six-hundred and thirty-one state troopers (♂ = 597; mean age = 39.52 ± 8.09 yrs; mean height = 180.72 ± 7.06 cm; mean weight = 93.66 ± 15.72 kg: ♀ = 34; mean age = 36.20 ± 8.45 years; mean height = 169.62 ± 6.65 cm; mean weight = 74.02 ± 14.91 kg) collected in 2014–2015 were provided for analysis. Data included demographic (age), anthropometric (height and weight), and select fitness (VJ, push-ups, sit ups, isometric leg/back strength, isometric grip strength and 20 m shuttle run test) information.

Results

There were generally significant differences between genders for all anthropometric and fitness measures, most consistently in the 30–39 age groups. While there was a general decline in push-up and shuttle run performance in female officers, these results did not reach significance. For male officers, there were significant differences between the 20–29 year-old age group and the 30–39, 40–49 and 50–59 year-old groups with the younger group performing better in VJ, push-ups, sit ups and number of shuttle runs than the older groups. There were no differences in isometric grip strength and leg back dynamometer measures between age groups.

Conclusion

Male officers tended to be heavier, taller and perform significantly better than female officers in all measures bar sit-ups. While there appeared to be a general decline in certain physical characteristics across genders with increasing age the notable differences were between the youngest male age group (20–29 years) and all other male age groups with a potential reason being the lack of fitness requirements once typically younger cadets leave the academy. Percentile rankings for the assessed measures were found to have elements very specific to this population when compared to the general population and those provided in this paper can be used to inform future profiling and research in this population.


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Research Article
The impact of body armor on physical performance of law enforcement personnel: a systematic review
Colin Tomes, Robin Marc Orr, Rodney Pope
Ann Occup Environ Med 2017;29:14.   Published online May 16, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-017-0169-9
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

The law enforcement officer profession requires performance of arduous occupational tasks while carrying an external load, consisting of, at minimum, a chest rig, a communication system, weaponry, handcuffs, personal protective equipment and a torch. The aim of this systematic review of the literature was to identify and critically appraise the methodological quality of published studies that have investigated the impacts of body armour on task performance and to synthesize and report key findings from these studies to inform law enforcement organizations.

Methods

Several literature databases (Medline, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, EMBAS) were searched using key search words and terms to identify appropriate studies. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria were critically evaluated using the Downs and Black protocol with inter-rater agreement determined by Cohen’s Kappa.

Results

Sixteen articles were retained for evaluation with a mean Downs and Black score of 73.2 ± 6.8% (k = 0.841). Based on the research quality and findings across the included studies, this review determined that while effects of body armour on marksmanship and physiological responses have not yet been adequately ascertained, body armour does have significant physical performance and biomechanical impacts on the wearer, including: a) increased ratings of perceived exertion and increased time to complete functional tasks, b) decreased work capability (indicated by deterioration in fitness test scores), c) decreased balance and stability, and d) increased ground reaction forces.

Conclusions

Given the physical performance and biomechanical impacts on the wearer, body armour should be carefully selected, with consideration of the physical fitness of the wearers and the degree to which the armour systems can be ergonomically optimized for the specific population in question.


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Research Article
Self-resilience as a protective factor against development of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in police officers
Jong-Ku Lee, Hyeon-Gyeong Choi, Jae-Yeop Kim, Juhyun Nam, Hee-Tae Kang, Sang-Baek Koh, Sung-Soo Oh
Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:58.   Published online October 17, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0145-9
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

This study was conducted to check whether self-resilience, one of the characteristics known to affect the occurrence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms after experiencing traumatic events, could serve as a protective factor for police officers whose occupational factors are corrected.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study in which 112 male police officers in Gangwon Province participated. They visited the Wonju Severance Christian Hospital Occupational Environment Center for medical check-ups from June to December 2015. Their general characteristics were identified using structured questionnaires, and they were asked to fill in the Korean Occupational Stress Scale-Short Form (KOSS-SF). Further, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale-Korean (CD-RI-K), and Impact of Event Scale-Revised-Korean version (IES-R-K) were used to evaluate their job stress, depression, self-resilience, and PTSD symptoms. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to correct their personal, occupational, and psychological factors to analyze the relationship between self-resilience and PTSD symptoms.

Results

Among 112 respondents who experienced a traumatic event, those with low self-resilience had significantly higher rate of PTSD symptoms than those with high self-resilience even after correcting for the covariate of general, occupational, and psychological characteristics (odds ratio [OR] 3.51; 95 % CI: 1.06–19.23).

Conclusions

Despite several limitations, these results suggest that a high degree of self-resilience may protect police officers from critical incident-related PTSD symptoms.


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Research Article
Associations between anthropometric characteristics and physical performance in male law enforcement officers: a retrospective cohort study
James Jay Dawes, Robin Marc Orr, Claire Louise Siekaniec, Andrea Annie Vanderwoude, Rodney Pope
Ann Occup Environ Med 2016;28:26.   Published online June 10, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-016-0112-5
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background

Police officers are often required to undertake physically demanding tasks, like lifting, dragging and pursuing a suspect. Therefore, physical performance is a key requirement.

Methods

Retrospective data for 76 male police officers (mean age = 39.42 ± 8.41 years; mean weight = 84.21 ± 12.91 kg) was obtained. Data included anthropometric (skinfolds, estimated percentage body fat, lean body mass and fat mass) and physical performance (1 Repetition Maximum Bench Press, 1–min sit-ups, 1-min push-ups, vertical jump, 300 m run, 1.5 mile run) measures and correlations between anthropometric measurement and fitness score were obtained.

Results

Estimated percentage body fat was significantly (p ≤ .001) and negatively correlated with all performance measures, except sit-ups and 300 m and 1.5 mile run performance. Estimated lean body mass was significantly and positively (p ≤ .001) correlated with push-ups, bench press and vertical jump measures, while increasing estimated fat mass was significantly (p ≤ .001) associated with reduced performance on sit-up, vertical jump, 1.5 mile run and estimated maximal voluntary oxygen uptake.

Conclusions

A targeted approach, going beyond just decreasing percentage body fat to also selectively increasing lean mass, should be applied for optimal improvement in physical fitness performance.


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  • Fitness testing at police academies: Optimal fitness for duty
    Matthijs Koedijk, R.I. (Vana) Hutter, Peter G. Renden, Lisanne Kleygrewe, Raôul R. D. Oudejans
    International Journal of Police Science & Management.2023; 25(2): 170.     CrossRef
  • Accuracy of Body Mass Index and Obesity Status in Police Trainees
    Miloš Stojković, Katie M. Heinrich, Aleksandar Čvorović, Velimir Jeknić, Gianpiero Greco, Filip Kukić
    European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education.2022; 12(1): 42.     CrossRef
  • Do baseline physical fitness measures predict law enforcement academy graduation?
    Daniel Marks, Justin J. Merrigan, Joel Martin
    Work.2022; 72(1): 263.     CrossRef
  • Changes in body composition and physical performance measures during a regular competitive season among young backs and forwards rugby players
    Santiago Zabaloy, Javier Gálvez González, Julián Giráldez, Braian Fink, Pedro E. Alcaraz, Lucas Pereira, Irineu Loturco, Tomás T. Freitas
    Sports Biomechanics.2022; : 1.     CrossRef
  • Association of shorter and longer distance sprint running to change of direction speed in police students
    Aspen Streetman, Darko Paspalj, Nemanja Zlojutro, Danijel Božić, Jay Dawes, Filip Kukić
    Nauka, bezbednost, policija.2022; 27(1): 5.     CrossRef
  • Strength Deficit in Elite Young Rugby Players: Differences Between Playing Positions and Associations With Sprint and Jump Performance
    Santiago Zabaloy, Julián Giráldez, Braian Fink, Pedro E. Alcaraz, Lucas A. Pereira, Tomás T. Freitas, Irineu Loturco
    Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research.2022; 36(4): 920.     CrossRef
  • Relationships Between Tests of Strength, Power, and Speed and the 75-Yard Pursuit Run
    Brett K. Post, J. Jay Dawes, Robert G. Lockie
    Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research.2022; 36(1): 99.     CrossRef
  • The effects of a 6-month mandatory military police academy training on recruits’ physical fitness
    Wélere G. Barbosa, Daniel R. Saint Martin, Edgard de Melo Keene von Koenig Soares Soares, Keila Elizabeth Fontana, Fan-Yun Lan, Stefanos N. Kales, Guilherme E. Molina, Luiz Guilherme G. Porto
    Work.2022; 73(4): 1297.     CrossRef
  • Upper body push to pull ratios in law enforcement officer recruits
    Justin J. Merrigan, Adam A. Burke, Oladipo O. Eddo, James Kearney, Daniel Marks, Joel R. Martin
    Work.2022; 73(4): 1167.     CrossRef
  • Body Composition and Physical Activity of Female Police Officers: Do Occupation and Age Matter?
    Filip Kukić, Katie M. Heinrich, Nenad Koropanovski, Gianpiero Greco, Stefania Cataldi, Milivoj Dopsaj
    Sustainability.2022; 14(17): 10589.     CrossRef
  • Association of waist to height ratio with 2.4 kilometers running time among male police populations
    Aleksandar Čvorović, Filip Kukić, Katie M. Heinrich, Milivoj Dopsaj
    Work.2022; 71(4): 1097.     CrossRef
  • Profiling the New Zealand Police Trainee Physical Competency Test
    J. Jay Dawes, Jordan Scott, Elisa F. D. Canetti, Robert G. Lockie, Ben Schram, Robin M. Orr
    Frontiers in Public Health.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Factorial and Construct Validity of Sit-Up Test of Different Durations to Assess Muscular Endurance of Police Students
    Filip Kukić, Robin Orr, Milan Marković, J. Jay Dawes, Aleksandar Čvorović, Nenad Koropanovski
    Sustainability.2022; 14(20): 13630.     CrossRef
  • RELATIONSHIP OF TOTAL ENDURANCE ON JOB PERFORMANCE IN EDUCATIONAL SECTORS
    Muhammad Saad Shafiq, Ibraheem Zafar, Nimrah Butt, Ramsha Masood, Zurwa Amir
    Pakistan BioMedical Journal.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Editorial of Special Issue “Body Image Perception and Body Composition in Different Populations: The Role of Physical Education and Sport”
    Gianpiero Greco
    European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education.2022; 12(11): 1700.     CrossRef
  • Body Composition and Fitness Characteristics of Firefighters Participating in a Health and Wellness Program: Relationships and Descriptive Data
    Robert G. Lockie, Joseph M. Dulla, Daniel Higuera, Kristina A. Ross, Robin M. Orr, J. Jay Dawes, Tomas J. Ruvalcaba
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(23): 15758.     CrossRef
  • Identifying the Physical Fitness and Health Evaluations for Police Officers: Brief Systematic Review with an Emphasis on the Portuguese Research
    Luís M. Massuça, Vanessa Santos, Luís F. Monteiro
    Biology.2022; 11(7): 1061.     CrossRef
  • The 20-m Multistage Fitness Test and 2.4-km Run: Applications to Law Enforcement Fitness Assessment
    Robert G. Lockie, Joseph M. Dulla, Robin M. Orr, J. Jay Dawes
    Strength & Conditioning Journal.2021; 43(6): 68.     CrossRef
  • Aerobic endurance levels as model control tools for individual prototypical training progres among algerian soccer players
    Mohammed Zerf, Mime Mokhtar, Mohammed Hadjar Kherfane, Belkadi Adel, Wahib Beboucha
    Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences.2021; 31(94): 31.     CrossRef
  • Associations Between Two Measures of Trunk Muscular Endurance Among Male Law Enforcement Officers
    J. Jay Dawes, Cody A. Stahl, Robert G. Lockie, Jan E. Redmond, Charles L. Kornhauser, Ryan J. Holmes, Robin M. Orr
    Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise.2021; 3(4): 374.     CrossRef
  • Occupational Challenges to the Development and Maintenance of Physical Fitness Within Law Enforcement Officers
    Tim Lentine, Quincy Johnson, Robert Lockie, Jill Joyce, Rob Orr, Jay Dawes
    Strength & Conditioning Journal.2021; 43(6): 115.     CrossRef
  • With great power comes great ability: Extending research on fitness characteristics that influence work sample test battery performance in law enforcement recruits
    Robert G. Lockie, Matthew R. Moreno, Karly A. Rodas, Joseph M. Dulla, Robin M. Orr, J. Jay Dawes
    Work.2021; 68(4): 1069.     CrossRef
  • Relationship Between the 20-m Multistage Fitness Test and 2.4-km Run in Law Enforcement Recruits
    Robert G. Lockie, J. Jay Dawes, Matthew R. Moreno, Karly A. Cesario, Katherine Balfany, Michael Stierli, Joseph M. Dulla, Robin M. Orr
    Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research.2021; 35(10): 2756.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Sex and Age on Physical Testing Performance for Law Enforcement Agency Candidates: Implications for Academy Training
    Ashley M. Bloodgood, J. Jay Dawes, Robin M. Orr, Michael Stierli, Karly A. Cesario, Matthew R. Moreno, Joseph M. Dulla, Robert G. Lockie
    Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research.2021; 35(9): 2629.     CrossRef
  • Impact of a 12-Week Postgraduate Training Course on the Body Composition and Physical Abilities of Police Trainees
    Aleksandar Čvorović, Filip Kukić, Robin M. Orr, J. Jay Dawes, Velimir Jeknić, Miloš Stojković
    Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research.2021; 35(3): 826.     CrossRef
  • A Preliminary Investigation: Evaluating the Effectiveness of an Occupational Specific Training Program to Improve Lower Body Strength and Speed for Law Enforcement Officers
    Ian Bonder, Andrew Shim, Robert G. Lockie, Tara Ruppert
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(14): 7685.     CrossRef
  • Importance of Ability-Based Training for Law Enforcement Recruits
    Robert Lockie, Joseph Dulla, Robin Orr, Jay Dawes
    Strength & Conditioning Journal.2021; 43(3): 80.     CrossRef
  • Profiling the New Zealand police physical appraisal test
    Robin Marc Orr, Elisa Canetti, Jason Movshovich, Robert Lockie, Jay Dawes, Ben Schram
    International Journal of Emergency Services.2021; 10(2): 266.     CrossRef
  • Physical fitness: Differences between initial hiring to academy in law enforcement recruits who graduate or separate from academy
    Robert G. Lockie, J. Jay Dawes, Robin M. Orr, Joseph M. Dulla
    Work.2021; 68(4): 1081.     CrossRef
  • Skeletal Muscle Mass and Fat Mass Relationships With Physical Fitness Test Performance in Law Enforcement Recruits Before Academy
    Robert G. Lockie, Blake N. Carlock, Tomas J. Ruvalcaba, Joseph M. Dulla, Robin M. Orr, J. Jay Dawes, Megan B. McGuire
    Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research.2021; 35(5): 1287.     CrossRef
  • Impact of a Season of Bike Patrol on Police Officers’ Level of Fitness: A Pilot Study
    Frédérique Lehouillier, Marc-Olivier Dugas, Martin Lavallière
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(12): 6214.     CrossRef
  • Strength and Conditioning Program Design Considerations for Law Enforcement Officers
    Jay Dawes, Tim Lentine, Quincy Johnson, Robert Lockie, Rob Orr
    Strength & Conditioning Journal.2021; 43(6): 110.     CrossRef
  • Waist Circumference and Waist-to-Hip Ratio in Law Enforcement Agency Recruits: Relationship to Performance in Physical Fitness Tests
    Robert G. Lockie, Tomas R. Ruvalcaba, Michael Stierli, Joseph M. Dulla, J. Jay Dawes, Robin M. Orr
    Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research.2020; 34(6): 1666.     CrossRef
  • Perceived and Measured Physical Fitness of Police Students
    Filip Kukić, Robert G. Lockie, Ana Vesković, Nikola Petrović, Dane Subošić, Danijela Spasić, Darko Paspalj, Lazar Vulin, Nenad Koropanovski
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(20): 7628.     CrossRef
  • Law enforcement personnel are willing to change, but report influencing beliefs and barriers to optimised dietary intake
    Kristen MacKenzie-Shalders, Charlene Matthews, Joe Dulla, Robin Orr
    BMC Public Health.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Differences in Body Composition across Police Occupations and Moderation Effects of Leisure Time Physical Activity
    Filip Kukić, Katie M. Heinrich, Nenad Koropanovski, Walker S. C. Poston, Aleksandar Čvorović, J. Jay Dawes, Robin Orr, Milivoj Dopsaj
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(18): 6825.     CrossRef
  • Association between Body Fat Percentage and Physical Performance in Male Korean Police Officers
    Jooyoung Kim, Wi-Young So, Sangwoon Kim
    Sustainability.2020; 12(9): 3868.     CrossRef
  • Special Weapons and Tactics Occupational-Specific Physical Assessments and Fitness Measures
    Jessica Strader, Ben Schram, Shane Irving, Jeremy Robinson, Robin Orr
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(21): 8070.     CrossRef
  • Recruit Fitness Standards From a Large Law Enforcement Agency: Between-Class Comparisons, Percentile Rankings, and Implications for Physical Training
    Robert G. Lockie, J. Jay Dawes, Robin M. Orr, Joseph M. Dulla
    Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research.2020; 34(4): 934.     CrossRef
  • Relationship of Anthropometric Measures on Female Trainees’ and Active Duty Soldiers’ Performance of Common Soldiering Tasks
    Jan E Redmond, Bruce S Cohen, Caitlin C Haven, Joseph R Pierce, Stephen A Foulis, Peter N Frykman, Maria C Canino, Marilyn A Sharp
    Military Medicine.2020; 185(Supplement): 376.     CrossRef
  • Relations Between Frequency and Volume of Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Body Composition in Police Officers
    Marko Vuković, Filip Kukić, Aleksandar Čvorović, Dunja Janković, Iva Prćić, Milivoj Dopsaj
    Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport.2020; 91(1): 47.     CrossRef
  • Physical Fitness, Sex Considerations, and Academy Graduation for Law Enforcement Recruits
    Robert G. Lockie, J. Jay Dawes, Joseph M. Dulla, Robin M. Orr, Erika Hernandez
    Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research.2020; 34(12): 3356.     CrossRef
  • Accuracy of body mass index based on self-report data among law enforcement cadets
    Quincy Johnson, Jillian Joyce, Filip Kukić, Robert Lockie, Charles Kornhauser, Robin Orr, Dawes Jay
    Nauka bezbednost policija.2020; 25(2): 1.     CrossRef
  • POLİS ALIMLARINDA FİZİKSEL UYGUNLUK TESTLERİ: AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ VE TÜRKİYE UYGULAMALARI
    Mustafa KARATAŞ
    Güvenlik Bilimleri Dergisi.2020; 9(2): 343.     CrossRef
  • We Need You: Influence of Hiring Demand and Modified Applicant Testing on the Physical Fitness of Law Enforcement Recruits
    Robert G. Lockie, J. Jay Dawes, Matthew R. Moreno, Megan B. McGuire, Tomas J. Ruvalcaba, Ashley M. Bloodgood, Joseph M. Dulla, Robin M. Orr
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(20): 7512.     CrossRef
  • Cross-Sectional and Retrospective Cohort Analysis of the Effects of Age on Flexibility, Strength Endurance, Lower-Body Power, and Aerobic Fitness in Law Enforcement Officers
    Robert G. Lockie, J. Jay Dawes, Charles L. Kornhauser, Ryan J. Holmes
    Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research.2019; 33(2): 451.     CrossRef
  • The effects of aerobic fitness on day one physical training session completion in law enforcement recruits
    Robert G. Lockie, Matthew R. Moreno, Karly A. Cesario, Megan B. McGuire, J. Jay Dawes, Robin M. Orr, Joseph M. Dulla.
    Journal of Trainology.2019; 8(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • The Influence of Physical Fitness on Reasons for Academy Separation in Law Enforcement Recruits
    Robert G. Lockie, Katherine Balfany, Ashley M. Bloodgood, Matthew R. Moreno, Karly A. Cesario, Joseph M. Dulla, J. Jay Dawes, Robin M. Orr
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2019; 16(3): 372.     CrossRef
  • Time Spent Working in Custody Influences Work Sample Test Battery Performance of Deputy Sheriffs Compared to Recruits
    Robert G. Lockie, Robin M. Orr, Matthew R. Moreno, J. Jay Dawes, Joseph M. Dulla
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2019; 16(7): 1108.     CrossRef
  • Characterization of the Physical Fitness of Police Officers: A Systematic Review
    Eduardo F. Marins, Gabriela B. David, Fabrício B. Del Vecchio
    Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research.2019; 33(10): 2860.     CrossRef
  • Comparing levels of fitness of police Officers between two United States law enforcement agencies
    Cory J. Myers, Robin M. Orr, Kiyoshi S. Goad, Benjamin L. Schram, Robert Lockie, Charlie Kornhauser, Ryan Holmes, J. Jay Dawes, Gemma S. Milligan, Sam D. Blacker, Pieter E.H. Brown, Andrew G. Siddall
    Work.2019; 63(4): 615.     CrossRef
  • Recruit fitness and police academy performance: a prospective validation study
    M Korre, K Loh, E J Eshleman, F S Lessa, L G Porto, C A Christophi, S N Kales
    Occupational Medicine.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Physical Characteristics by Sex and Age for Custody Assistants From a Law Enforcement Agency
    Robert G. Lockie, Robin M. Orr, Michael Stierli, Karly A. Cesario, Matthew R. Moreno, Ashley M. Bloodgood, Joseph M. Dulla, J. Jay Dawes
    Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research.2019; 33(8): 2223.     CrossRef
  • VO2max levels as a pointer of physiological training status among soccer players
    Zerf Mohammed, Boras Fatima Zohar, Benali Gourar, Bengoua Ali, Mokkedes Moulay Idriss
    Acta Facultatis Educationis Physicae Universitatis Comenianae.2018; 58(2): 112.     CrossRef
  • Levels of aerobic fitness as an unfair parameter in Algerian football training programs
    Mohammed ZERF, Ali BENGOUA, Mokkedes MOULAY IDRİSS
    Turkish Journal of Kinesiology.2018; 4(4): 113.     CrossRef
  • Assessing Differences in Anthropometric and Fitness Characteristics Between Police Academy Cadets and Incumbent Officers
    Robin M. Orr, J. Jay Dawes, Rodney Pope, Joseph Terry
    Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research.2018; 32(9): 2632.     CrossRef
  • Analysis of the Effects of Sex and Age on Upper- and Lower-Body Power for Law Enforcement Agency Recruits Before Academy Training
    Robert G. Lockie, J. Jay Dawes, Robin M. Orr, Michael Stierli, Joseph M. Dulla, Ashley J. Orjalo
    Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research.2018; 32(7): 1968.     CrossRef
  • Physical Fitness Characteristics That Relate to Work Sample Test Battery Performance in Law Enforcement Recruits
    Robert G. Lockie, J. Jay Dawes, Katherine Balfany, Ciara E. Gonzales, Maria M. Beitzel, Joseph M. Dulla, Robin M. Orr
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2018; 15(11): 2477.     CrossRef
  • A brief review of body composition in police workforce
    Filip Kukic, Milivoj Dopsaj, Aleksandar Cvorovic, Milos Stojkovic, Velimir Jeknic
    International Journal of Physical Education, Fitness and Sports.2018; 7(2): 10.     CrossRef
  • Are there similarities in physical fitness characteristics of successful candidates attending law enforcement training regardless of training cohort?
    Robert G. Lockie, Michael Stierli, Jay Dawes J., Karly A. Cesario, Matthew R. Moreno, Ashley M. Bloodgood, Robin M. Orr, Joseph M. Dulla
    Journal of Trainology.2018; 7(1): 5.     CrossRef
  • Physical Fitness Characteristics of High vs. Low Performers on an Occupationally Specific Physical Agility Test for Patrol Officers
    J. Jay Dawes, Keston Lindsay, Jennifer Bero, Craig Elder, Charlie Kornhauser, Ryan Holmes
    Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research.2017; 31(10): 2808.     CrossRef
  • A physical fitness profile of state highway patrol officers by gender and age
    J. Jay Dawes, Robin M. Orr, Richard R. Flores, Robert G. Lockie, Charlie Kornhauser, Ryan Holmes
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
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